Federal Fleet

Compliance & GSA

Offerings Casey Crandell & Stephanie Gresalfi

• Federal Sustainability Requirements

• Other Requirements and Considerations

• Prioritizing Requirements

• GSA’s FY18 AFV Offerings

• Additional Compliance Strategies

• Reporting Timeline

• Trends in Industry and Government

Agenda

GSA Fleet Sustainability and Telematics

3

Implementing Sustainability: Fleet Planning

Optimizing Your Fleet

Greater ability to meet federal mandates

Reduced agency fleet costs

Federal Sustainability

Requirements

Federal Directives Hierarchy

EPAct,

EISA Sec. 141

E.O. 13693 Planning for

Federal Sustainability

in the Next Decade

GAO’s January

2016 Report

“Federally Leased

Vehicles: Agencies

Should Strengthen

Assessment

Processes to

Reduce

Underutilized

Vehicle”

• Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) is defined by the Energy Policy Act of 1992

as a vehicle capable of operating on any of the following alternative fuels:

– Biodiesel

– Electricity

– Hydrogen

– Mixtures containing up to 85 percent methanol or denatured ethanol

– Natural gas

– Propane (liquefied petroleum gas)

– Advanced lean burn technology vehicles

– Fuel cell vehicles

– Hybrid electric vehicles

– Any vehicle that the Administrator of the EPA demonstrates to the

Secretary of DOE would achieve a significant reduction in petroleum

consumption

What is Alt. Fuel?

Low GHG Gasoline

Vehicles not within 5 miles

or 15 minutes of E85

fueling infrastructure

count!

• Acquire all Light-Duty

and Medium-Duty

passenger vehicles as

low greenhouse gas

(GHG) emitting (with

some exceptions)

FY 2018 EISA 141 Low GHG Compliance Thresholds

(max grams/mile CO2 emissions)

Vehicle Type GHG Grams Per

Mile

Passenger Cars 295

LD Trucks, MD Passenger Vehicles

375

EPA’s Guidance on the Energy

Independence and Security Act (EISA)

Section 141?

SINs that Must be Ordered as Low GHG

Vehicle Type SINs Required to be Low-GHG # of Low-GHG

Vehicles in FY18

Sedans 7, 9C, 8C, 8H, 8P, 8E, 9P, 9H, 10B 19

SUVs 100A,100B, 100C, 101, 101C, 91, 91B, 98, 98A, 98H,

105A, 105B, 105C, 105F, 106, 106C, 5A, 96, 96B, 99, 99A, 99B, 112R, 112

25

Passenger Vans

20, 20B, 20P, 21, 21X 1

Cargo Vans 30 1

Pickup Trucks

41, 41C, 50, 50C, 61C, 61E, 46, 46C, 46R, 46S, 55, 55C, 66C, 67E

0

Are There Exceptions to Acquiring Only Low

GHG-emitting Vehicles?

● Functional Needs: no low GHG-emitting vehicle is available that

meets the functional needs of the agency.

● Alternative Measures: an agency has taken specific alternative

measures to reduce petroleum consumption and GHG emissions (ex.

Turned in 3 Ford Focuses for one larger non-low GHG SUV)

Energy Policy Act

● 75% of light duty vehicle acquisitions in metropolitan statistical

areas (MSA) must be alternatively-fueled

○ Alt. fuel must be reasonably priced and accessible - defined

as within 5 miles or 15 minutes of vehicle location

○ Low GHG vehicles qualify as AFVs when the alternative fuel

is unavailable

■ Within 5 miles or 15 minutes

■ OR is cost prohibitive

○ Section 701 requires agencies to use only alt.fuel in all dual

fueled vehicles (e.g. E85 vehicles) except where the

vehicles have received a waiver from DOE

● Order Low GHG Emitting Vehicles

● Look for opportunities to acquire low-GHG AFVs to meet both

EPAct and EISA requirements

● Look for opportunities to use Alt. Fuel where possible, but don’t

feel tied to E85 if there are no E85 vehicles that meet your needs

11

How to Comply with EISA & EPAct?

Right-sizing

FMR 102-34.50

(a) You may only obtain the minimum

size of motor vehicle necessary to fulfill

your agency’s mission in accordance

with the following considerations:

(1) You must obtain motor vehicles

that achieve maximum fuel

efficiency.

(2) Limit motor vehicle body size,

engine size and optional equipment

to what is essential to meet your

agency’s mission.

Executive Order 13693

● By December 31, 2020, zero- emission

vehicles or plug-in hybrid vehicles must

account for 20% of all new agency passenger

sedan vehicle acquisitions

● By December 31, 2025, they must account for

50%

1. Telematics and capturing Asset-Level Data

2. Reduce fleet-wide GHG emissions

3. Right size

4. Electric vehicles

How to Comply with

Executive Order 13693

● Consistent trip distances

● High idling

● City/Campus/Base Driving

● Missions not requiring the carrying of large loads

● Infrastructure exists or there is funding to obtain

● Located near dealerships authorized to service/repair EVs

● Transport five people or less

● Replacing a less fuel efficient car

When do Electric Vehicles Make Sense?

Other Requirements and

Considerations

California Air Resource Board (CARB):

Low-Emission Vehicle (LEV) Regulation

● CARB’s LEV regulations set more stringent limits on toxic emissions

for light and medium-duty vehicles delivered to California and other

states following this law (CARB States).

FY18 E85 Vehicles that will be delivered as

GAS in CARB States Due to LEV Requirements

● Sedans: Chevy Impala (IE1

ONLY) & Ford Taurus

● Police Vehicles: Ford

Police Interceptor Sedan

and Utility (17 and 100L)

● Vans: Ford Transit

Connect (20/20B/30), Cargo

& Passenger Transit 150

&350

● SUVs: Ford Escape (SIN

98 ONLY) and Explorer

● Pickup Trucks: Ford F150

Fuel Type PRO CON

Electric No GHG emissions Low fuel costs

High fuel economy

High vehicle and infrastructure costs Long refueling time

Limited vehicle class options

>85% Ethanol Domestically produced Renewable

Less expensive vehicles

Emits GHGs Lower fuel economy than gas

Somewhat corrosive

Propane Domestically produced Clean-burning

Lower fuel economy than gas Limited LD vehicle availability

Natural Gas (CNG/LNG)

Domestically produced Low fueling costs

Can retrofit gas vehicles

High vehicle/equipment costs Limited fueling infrastructure

Biodiesel (B20)

Domestically produced Renewable

Clean-burning Better fuel economy than gas

LD vehicles are expensive Limited fueling infrastructure

Lower fuel economy than diesel

Hydrogen Zero tailpipe emissions Domestically Produced

Limited availability (now on 751) Fuel storage difficult

High production costs

Other Considerations: Vehicle Fuel Types

GR

EA

TE

R

FU

EL

A

VA

ILA

BIL

ITY

L

ES

S

FU

EL

A

VA

ILA

BIL

ITY

Other Considerations: Geography

Rocky/Rough Terrain City Driving Highway Driving

• 4X4 or AWD SUV • Consider Wheelbase,

ground clearance • E85 or CNG pickup

(pending availability of fuel & maintenance facilities)

• Battery Electric Vehicle or Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (pending availability of

charging infrastructure & maintenance facilities)

• Hybrid Electric Vehicle • Low-GHG sedan

• Low-GHG sedan • Diesel sedan • Chevy Bolt

Prioritizing Requirements

1. Right-sizing vehicle Fleet

2. The Energy Independence and Security Act

(EISA) 2007

3. The Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005

4. Executive Order 13693 Planning for

Sustainability in the Next Decade

Taxpayer dollars should

ALWAYS be taken into

consideration

● Clearly define agency mission and goals

● Use the available fleet management tools to track,

analyze, and understand fleet use

● Assess vehicle make-up and determine where vehicles

are incorrectly sized for the mission need

● Use vehicle allocation methodology (VAM) to ensure

vehicle replacements and enhancements meet optimal

fleet needs

● Have a mixed fuel portfolio

● Substitute vehicles for Fleet Solutions

Wrapping it all up: How to

Optimize a Fleet

GSA’s FY18 AFV Offerings

GSA Fleet Sustainability and Telematics

24

Acquiring New Vehicles - Rules of Thumb

FUEL ECONOMY

More Green Less Green

Size Small Large

Transmission Continuously

Variable (CVT) Automatic

Vehicle Class Sedan Truck/SUV

Advanced Powertrain Battery/Electric Hybrid Diesel/CNG/

E85 Gas

Engine Displacement Smaller Bigger

Vehicle Weight Lighter Heavier

Cylinders Less More

Age Younger Older

● 2018 AFV Guide is available

● Open emerging technology solicitation allows for new AFV

offerings to be added throughout the year

Fuel Type # of Vehicle Configurations

E85 Flex Fuel 107

Low GHG Vehicles (Count as AFVs in areas with no alternative

fuel) 46

B20 Capable (20% Biodiesel Fuel. 450 gallons of biodiesel

equals one AFV credit) 66

Compressed natural Gas (CNG) 4

Hybrids Electric Vehicles (HEV) 6

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) 4

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) 1

FY18 Light-Duty AFV Offerings

Low Greenhouse Gas Offerings

Vehicle Type Low GHG Options Caveats

Subcompact Sedans Gas, EV, B20 & HEV No E85 options

Compact Sedans Gas + DE1 (not low bid) or

HEV

No E85 options

SUVs Gas, HEV No Low GHG E85; No E85

in SIN 98

Minivans 20P is ONLY Low GHG Low bid is gas (has slide n

stow)

Cargo Vans SIN 30 ONLY Low GHG on

E85

Low GHG is not available in

CARB States

Pickup Trucks No Low GHGs Ram is low bid - Gas and

E85 options

Additional Compliance Strategies

● Look for…

○ Opportunities for Fuel Savings

■ Carsharing & Rightsizing

■ Schedule 23V and 751 (Idle Mitigation, EV

Conversions and new technology leasing)

○ State Incentives and Partnerships

■ Electrify America, AWA with Utilities

○ Improving Truck Fuel Economy

■ Look to efficiency increasing options

■ Replace when eligible

Reporting Timeline

Due Date Required Reporting

May 31 Submit projections for the current and next two fiscal years to include expected fleet vehicle acquisitions and disposals, and expected fleet costs covering both operation of the vehicles and acquisition of any new vehicles

June 30 EPAct 2005 Section 701 waiver requests submitted

EISA 2007 Section 246 agencies report types and volumes of fuel distributed from each of their federal fleet fueling centers (as applicable)

Late August OMB Circular A-11 agencies finalize out-year fleet acquisition and disposal projections and the corresponding budget projections

December 15 Asset Level Data on Vehicle inventory, acquisitions, disposals, fuel costs, fuel consumption, vehicle mileage, overall fleet costs, and other asset level data fields due*

*GSA Fleet is a

valuable resource!

Coming Soon:

GSA Leased Fleet PHEV Charging

Challenge!

● Agency-wide PHEV competition to see who can reduce

fuel consumption the most over a 6 month period

● Includes all PHEVs (8P, 9P, 20P) leased through GSA

Fleet

● GSA will provide fact sheets and informational materials

throughout the challenge!

● Winners will be announced at FedFleet in 2019

● Launching in April 2018 - Stay tuned for updates from

GSA Fleet! You won’t want to miss out!

Trends in Industry &

Government

● Major investment going into Electric Vehicles and Hybrid

drivetrains - particularly in new or larger vehicle types than

we’ve seen before

● More demand for EVs globally; Will more OEMs move to

producing these vehicles abroad?

● Continue to see longer ranges for EVs

● FCEVs, but BEVs still dominant

● More and more efficient/cleaner diesel engines

● Emerging mobility models – autonomy/connectivity/shared

mobility/electrification

○ Smart Cities; Infrastructure investment

● Federal Governments - More partnerships with cities and

greater comfort in procuring smaller more efficient vehicles

● GSA’s Alternative Fuel Vehicle Guide

● Alternative Fuel Vehicle Acquisition Tool

● DOE FEMP

● FAST Portal

● GSA AutoChoice

● GSA Federal Vehicle Standards

● GSA Fleet Drive-thru

Contact us at GSAFleetAFVTeam@gsa.gov

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