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Federal Aviation Administration PBN Route Structure Concept of Operations Overview Presented to: Aeronautical Charting Forum By: Sharon Abhalter, Manager, AJV-14 Date: October, 30, 2014

Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

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Page 1: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

Federal Aviation Administration PBN Route Structure

Concept of Operations Overview Presented to: Aeronautical Charting Forum By: Sharon Abhalter, Manager, AJV-14 Date: October, 30, 2014

Page 2: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

2 Federal Aviation Administration

PBN Route Structure CONOPs September 2014

PBN Route Structure CONOPs (PBN-RS) • Background

– PBN is envisioned to be the primary means of navigation across the NAS. The PBN-RS is a component of a foundational PBN network and can optimize the use of airspace in specified areas with PBN ATS route structure while providing point to point flexibility elsewhere.

• CONOPs Scope – Describes a NAS wide end-state route structure concept consisting of

both PBN Air Traffic Service (ATS) routes (i.e., Q-routes, T-routes & Y routes) and point-to-point navigation.

• Guiding principle – “Structure where structure is necessary and, point-to-point where

it is not.” – Route structure requirements will be based on factors such as

traffic demand, airspace utilization, ATC task complexity, airspace access and user operational efficiencies.

Page 3: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

3 Federal Aviation Administration

PBN Route Structure CONOPs September 2014

Why Establish Q and T Routes

• High Altitude (Q’s) – Publish high altitude PBN ATS routes precisely where needed to…

• Increase airspace capacity and reduce complexity in high volume corridors • Procedurally deconflict and segregate flows onto more numerous route

options. • Improve flight path predictability in congested airspace via optimized routes • Retain flexibility via point to point flight path options in less congested

airspace.

• Low altitude (T’s) – Publish low altitude PBN ATS routes precisely where needed to…

• Access rather than circumvent Class B/C airspace • Lower minimum altitudes in areas of high terrain to improve access and

avoid icing • Circumvent Special Use Airspace in safe and optimal manner

Page 4: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

4 Federal Aviation Administration

PBN Route Structure CONOPs September 2014

Why establish Q and T routes

• Rightsizing - Obsolescence of ground based navigation – VHF VOR facilities support the over 1000 conventional ATS routes

that crisscross the NAS today

– Retaining a full VOR-based route structure in addition to a more optimal and dynamic PBN structure is counter-productive and wasteful due to recapitalization and maintenance costs to support the aging ground infrastructure

– Due to reliance on ground-based structure, these routes are limited in where they can be located and contribute to system inefficiencies

– Minimal usage and in many cases near zero usage of low altitude victor airways validate obsolescence

• EXCEPTION: For safety purposes, legacy victors airways may be retained to provide all users navigational guidance in areas of high terrain.

Page 5: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

5 Federal Aviation Administration

PBN Route Structure CONOPs September 2014

Today – 699 Victor Airways Class E airspace below FL180

Page 6: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

6 Federal Aviation Administration

PBN Route Structure CONOPs September 2014

Average Daily Utilization: 22 Average Daily Utilization: 8 Average Daily Utilization: 6 Average Daily Utilization: 4

Top 100 Most Used V-Routes

Top 1-20 Top 21-40 Top 41-60 Top 61-80

Airway FY 2013 V3 50.8

V16 45.7 V39 37.4 V1 29.3

V229 26.9 V44 24.8 V23 21.1 V123 20.3 V139 19.0 V2 18.5

V433 17.6 V66 17.4 V157 16.7 V143 14.2 V495 14.1 V4 12.8 V8 12.0

V170 11.5 V20 10.4 V210 10.4

Airway FY 2013 V29 10.2 V374 10.2 V166 8.8 V6 8.8

V21 8.5 V12 8.5 V64 8.0 V165 7.9 V459 7.8 V7 7.7

V30 7.5 V106 7.5 V34 7.5 V613 7.3 V325 7.2 V141 7.2 V489 7.1 V167 7.0 V386 7.0 V14 6.8

Airway FY 2013 V126 6.7 V186 6.4 V93 6.4 V27 6.1 V252 6.1 V419 6.0 V308 5.8 V198 5.7 V378 5.6 V499 5.4 V204 5.4 V51 5.3 V94 5.3 V97 5.2 V162 5.2 V137 5.1 V437 5.0 V128 4.9 V213 4.9 V222 4.8

Airway FY 2013 V445 4.8 V25 4.7 V595 4.7 V140 4.7 V56 4.6 V188 4.6 V184 4.4 V58 4.4 V214 4.3 V276 4.3 V479 4.2 V112 4.1 V417 4.1 V273 4.1 V441 4.1 V159 4.1 V454 4.0 V268 3.9 V249 3.9 V152 3.8

Airway FY 2013 V46 3.8 V267 3.7 V54 3.6 V312 3.6 V257 3.5 V37 3.5 V17 3.5 V292 3.3 V266 3.3 V144 3.3 V70 3.2 V187 3.2 V475 3.2 V146 3.1 V581 3.0 V68 3.0 V394 2.9 V431 2.9 V55 2.9 V317 2.8

Average Daily Utilization: 3 Top 81-100

Page 7: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

7 Federal Aviation Administration

PBN Route Structure CONOPs September 2014

| 7 |

Example of high usage victor airway “V2” Anchored by 30 VOR’s, little use along most segments

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

SEA-

VAM

PS

ELN

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VYA

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H-BA

TUM

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MLP

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MSO

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CHAF

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TILE

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PEG

GS-O

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HIRU

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ES-M

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WAI

TS-B

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MKG

SARA

N-L

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BAM

BY-S

VM

DUSU

T-YQ

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HIDU

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Y201

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V2 Segment-Level Usage (Navaid Anchors Only)

Segment

Page 8: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

8 Federal Aviation Administration

PBN Route Structure CONOPs September 2014

Today – 301 Jet Routes Class A airspace at and above FL180

Page 9: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

9 Federal Aviation Administration

PBN Route Structure CONOPs September 2014

Q Routes Implemented – 114 Clusters of short routes show low usage

Page 10: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

10 Federal Aviation Administration

PBN Route Structure CONOPs September 2014

T Routes Implemented - 99

Page 11: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

11 Federal Aviation Administration

National Route Structure Plan September 2014

High Equipage Rate Estimate for T routes Equipage for top 20 victor airways shows 80-90% of victor airway users are equipped to fly T routes

| 11 |

0102030405060708090

100

V3 V16 V39 V1 V229 V44 V23 V123 V139 V2 V443 V66 V157 V143 V495 V4 V8 V170 V20 V210

Perc

ent o

f Eac

h Eq

uipp

age

Type

Airways

Equippage of Top-20 Most used Victor Airways

Unknown

RVSM No RNAV

No DME

DME

TACAN Only

RNAV

Advanced RNAV

Page 12: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

12 Federal Aviation Administration

PBN Route Structure CONOPs September 2014

Point to Point Navigation • Legacy programs have become less relevant

– North American Route Program (NRP) • Initiated 200nm from origin, terminates 200nm from dest

– Non-restrictive routing (NRR) • Established or traditional “pitch” and “catch” points

– Navigation Reference System (NRS) • Grid of waypoints across NAS

• Today – Users file any combination of route segments, NAVAIDs, & waypoints

when not route restricted by ATC and automation

• PBN-RS CONOPs – Retire NRP and NRR – Work with stakeholders to place network of optimally placed waypoints – ATC IFR preferred routes will be primary method of communicating where route

structure utilization is required. Point to point available elsewhere

Page 13: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

13 Federal Aviation Administration

PBN Route Structure CONOPs September 2014

Benefits of strategically placed PBN ATS Routes – Increased # of parallel route options through high density airspace – Reduced separation between centerlines of published routes (8nm) – Reduction in the number of chokepoints in the system – Establishing operational independence between air traffic flows – Enhanced sector throughput – Reduced propagation of delay caused by high-density airspace

constraints – Reduces controller and pilot/crew task complexity – More optimal climbs to, descents from, and transitions through the

established route structure by segregating traffic across multiple flows – Circumnavigate Special Activity Airspace (SAAs) – Optimally define playbook routes, CDRs, and preferred IFR routes – Greater predictability (less variability) with block times

Page 14: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

14 Federal Aviation Administration

PBN Route Structure CONOPs September 2014

Case Study Examples around the NAS

Page 15: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

15 Federal Aviation Administration

National Route Structure Plan September 2014

J-route Q-route

Patuxent W386

Eastern Seaboard Case Study (High Altitude) Airspace utilization, ATC complexity, operational efficiency

Page 16: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

16 Federal Aviation Administration

National Route Structure Plan September 2014

CLT Deps

ATL Deps

CLT and ATL northeast-bound departures (New England, DC Metro, southeastern Virginia, and overseas destinations)

CLT Deps

ATL Deps

These departures pass through three ZDC sectors on their northeast: ZDC32, ZDC 36, and ZDC38

CLT Deps

ATL Deps

These departures pass through three ZDC sectors on their northeast: ZDC32, ZDC 36, and ZDC38

ZDC 32

ZDC 38

ZDC 36

Boston Metro Arrs

NY Metro Arrs

EWR Arrs

DC Metro Arrs

Tidewater Arrs

The current route structure is insufficient to adequately segregate traffic based on destination, so there is a great deal of traffic mixing.

ZDC 32

ZDC 38

ZDC 36

The current route structure is insufficient to adequately segregate traffic based on destination, so there is a great deal of traffic mixing.

ZDC 32

ZDC 38

J14

J208

J207

J209

J209

J207

DC Metro, NY Metro, EWR, PHL, Boston Metro, RIC,

Tidewater, Boston Metro, NY Metro, Overseas

ZDC 36

J-route Q-route

The proposed route structure would segregate the traffic and provide more corridors for traffic.

ZDC 32

ZDC 36

ZDC 38

J14

J208

J207

J209

J209

J207

J-route Q-route

BOS, BDL, TEB, MMU, HPN, PHL, EWR…

IAD, LGA, RIC…

BWI, ADW

JFK, ISP, FRG, Overseas

ORF, PHF, NGU, NTU, LFI…

DCA

Q22

Q60

Q56 Q5

8

Q54

Q64

The proposed route structure would segregate the traffic and provide more corridors for traffic.

ZDC 32

ZDC 36

ZDC 38

Q-route

BOS, BDL, TEB, MMU, HPN, PHL, EWR…

IAD, LGA, RIC…

BWI, ADW

JFK, ISP, FRG, Overseas

ORF, PHF, NGU, NTU, LFI…

DCA

Q22

Q60

Q56 Q5

8

Q54

Q64

These Q-routes will also work well with an existing SID (MERIL) and two new SIDs (KILNS, BARMY) off CLT.

ZDC 32

ZDC 36

ZDC 38

Q-route CLT SIDs

Q22

Q60

Q56 Q5

8

Q54

Q64

Notional: Segregation of CLT, DC & NY metro flows in high volume ZDC sectors

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17 Federal Aviation Administration

National Route Structure Plan September 2014

T-route

Currently, aircraft traversing Atlanta’s Class B airspace receive radar vectors through a corridor extending 5nm east or west of a centerline. With T319, A80 controllers have an easy method for transitioning aircraft over the top of ATL.

T Route traversing center of Atlanta Class B

Page 18: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

18 Federal Aviation Administration

National Route Structure Plan September 2014

W283

W532

Victor airway T-route

Hunter MOA/ATCAA 8,000ft and above

Today, aircraft flying the California coast between Hunter MOA /ATCAA and W283/W532 SUAs utilize V27 and must fly at or below 7000 ft. T261 permits aircraft to fly down the coast with no altitude restrictions.

Traversing California Coast below FL230

Page 19: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

19 Federal Aviation Administration

National Route Structure Plan September 2014

Ortiz Mountains

San Pedro Mountains

V190 ABQ

DULKE

CAYAL

Sandia Mountains

8,897ft.

8,760ft. 10,678ft.

8,930ft.

Victor Airway Retention in High Terrain V190 across New Mexico between ABQ and Sante Fe

Page 20: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

20 Federal Aviation Administration

National Route Structure Plan September 2014

Heat Map of High Altitude Tracks

Page 21: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

21 Federal Aviation Administration

National Route Structure Plan September 2014

3. Big Mountain

4. Western Pacific

& Alaska

2. Mississippi Valley

5. Offshore, Caribbean

& Hawaii

1. East Coast

CONOPs Proposes 5 Regional Q Route Workgroups

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22 Federal Aviation Administration

National Route Structure Plan September 2014

CONOPs Proposes 3 T-Route Workgroups One per Service Area

Page 23: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

23 Federal Aviation Administration

PBN Route Structure CONOPs September 2014

Strategic Alignment of PBN ATS Routes Development

• Central clearinghouse for establishing decision criteria and ensuring strategic alignment

• Ensures integration of NAS-wide initiatives and addresses disjointed route structure

– Integrates Metroplex & non-Metroplex initiatives with route structure in adjacent airspace

• Removal of obsolete infrastructure – Supports divestment of VORs and Minimum Operation Network – Removal of unnecessary conventional route structure (right-sizing)

• Enabling FAA and operators to leverage investments in modern avionics

Page 24: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

24 Federal Aviation Administration

PBN Route Structure CONOPs September 2014

CONOPs Proposes National Workgroup Ensures strategic alignment between 8 regional Q & T workgroups

5 Regional Q-Route Development Workgroups

3 T-Route Development Workgroups

National Workgroup Ensures Integration

Page 25: Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration ... · Federal Aviation PBN Route Structure Administration Concept of Operations . ... • Rightsizing ... – Reduced separation

25 Federal Aviation Administration

PBN Route Structure CONOPs September 2014

Considerations for GNSS Outages

• High user equipage with DME/DME/IRU and near seamless DME/DME coverage above FL240 will support continued PBN route operations

• Network of VOR’s assumed at MON end-state will be sufficient for limited operations and provide a safe means for aircraft to land anywhere in the NAS

• Ground based airways will be retained in areas of non-radar and mountainous terrain

• Looking ahead…NextGen Alternative Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (APNT) will enable PBN operations to continue in the event of a GNSS outage

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26 Federal Aviation Administration

PBN Route Structure CONOPs September 2014 26

DME/DME Coverage Map FL240 & Above

Coverage per AC 90-100A (RNAV 2) The coverage map reflects coverage as seen by a DME/DME RNAV system that minimally conforms with AC 90-100A (RNAV 2.

Redundant coverage (no critical facilities)Single critical facilityTwo critical facilitiesNo coverage

Redundant coverage (no critical facilities)Single critical facilityTwo critical facilitiesNo coverage