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Federal AviationAdministrationThe Commercial
Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)
Presented to: Aviation Alternative Fuels Side Event
Bonn, Germany
By: Dr. Lourdes MauriceActing Director and Chief Scientist,FAA Office of Environment and Energy Environment Lead, CAAFI
Date: June 3, 2009
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
2Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
• Aviation impacts community noise footprints, air quality, water quality, energy usage and availability, and the global climate.
• Trends show environmental impacts from aircraft noise and aviation emissions will be a critical constraint on capacity growth.
• Fundamental changes ongoing from economic downturn, fuel costs, and financial turmoil.
The challenge is to ensure energy availability and affordability and reducing aviation’s environmental footprint, even with projected aviation growth
NOISENOISE AIR QUALITYAIR QUALITY WATER QUALITYWATER QUALITY ENERGYENERGY GLOBAL CLIMATEGLOBAL CLIMATE
Aviation Environmental Drivers
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
3Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
U.S. Experience: Aviation Emissions Performance
Source: BTS
U.S. commercial aviation outpaces other modes in energy efficiency improvements…
…while absolutely reducing its carbon footprint since 2000.
0.0000
0.2000
0.4000
0.6000
0.8000
1.0000
1.200019
85
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Year
Ind
ex (
1985
= 1
.0)
Passenger Highw ay
Buses
Passenger Rail
Passenger Air
Freight Trucks
Source: DOE
16500
17000
17500
18000
18500
19000
19500
20000
20500
21000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
Millio
ns o
f G
allo
ns
US Commercial Aviation Fuel Consumption
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
4Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
The Challenge - U.S. Aviation Fuel Use Scenarios
Source: FAA Preliminary Analysis
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
5Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
NextGen VisionProvide environmental protection that allows sustained aviation growth
Key Initiatives:
• Continued Local Mitigation• Better Scientific Understanding• Accelerate Operational Changes• Mature New Aircraft Technology• Develop Alternative Fuels• Policy Options
Measures to Tackle the Challenge
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
6Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
• A consortium of government agencies, airlines, manufacturers, airports, and current and prospective fuel suppliers
• Foster the development and deployment of alternative jet fuels
• Share Information and Coordinate research and development of alternative jet fuels, including technical specifications, environmental assessment, production and distribution.
• To enhance energy security, aviation economics and environment
The Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuel Initiative
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
7Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
Members
Sponsors
FAA
ATA
AIA ACI
Aerospace Industries Association
Aircraft Engine OEMs
Aircraft OEMs
Aircraft Equip Cos
DOCDOEUSDA
USAF
USNDARPA
US Army
DESC
NISTNASA Oil
Companies
Energy Companies
ASTM
CRC
Bio-Fuels Companies
Airports Council International – North America
Federal Aviation Administration
Air Transport Association
UK MoD
Bauhaus
NRC Canada
ANP Brazil
UniversitiesThink Tanks
Consultants
Who is CAAFI?
Airlines
ALPA
Air Cargo
Airport Operators
NetJetsIATA
ICAO
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
8Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
Assess Impact
R&D Panel
Environmental PanelCertification-Qualification Panel
Generate Ideas/Solutions
Enable Supply
Generate Demand &
Target Funding
Business & Economics Panel
CAAFI Structure and Strategy
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
9Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
CQ: CAAFI Targeted* Certification Timing
FUEL TYPE- 50% FT generic blends including biomass/ coal / gas
- 50% HRJ Blend
- 100% FT generic including biomass
- 100% HRJ
- Other Biofuel processes
YEAR
• 2009
• 2010
• 2013
STATUS- ASTM vote targeted for June ‘09
- Rapid Adjudication process with producers/ OEM’s / USAF
- Working with ASTM, FAA and engine/aircraft OEMS
-Supporting low sulfur cost/benefit starting 4/08
- DARPA program complete. Fuels available for FFP tests
- DARPA Algae program underway.
* Generic Targets based upon outcomes to date anticipated fuel availability for tests
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
10Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
R&D: Feedstocks Roadmap
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
11Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
• Successful ANZ Flight Demo Date: December 30 2008
Feedstock: Jatropha oil
Feedstock: Jatropha and algal oil
• Successful CO Flight Demo Date: Jan. 7 2009
Feedstock: Camelina, Jatropha and algal oil
• Successful JAL Flight Demo Date: Jan. 30 2009
R&D: Three Successful HRJ Biojet Flight Programs
* Graphics Courtesy J. Holmgren, UOP
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
12Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
y = 66.634x - 82.189
R2 = 0.9342
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Engine Power Condition (%)
Pe
rce
nt
ch
an
ge
in
EIn
wrt
b
as
eli
ne
JE
T A
1Results showing observed reductions in primary PM in a CFM56-7B engine burning a mixture of 50% F-T fuel and 50% Jet A-1 (PARTNER Center of Excellence)
Environment: Particulate Matter Emission Gains Measured
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
13Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
Need to determine “well-to-wake” life-cycle emissions
Environment: Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Bio feedstock
Fossil feedstock
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
14Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
Environment: Quantifying LCA Uncertainties
Chart courtesy of J. Hileman, MIT
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
15Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
Environment: Biomass Needs for 2050 Carbon Neutrality
Chart courtesy of J. Hileman, MIT
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
16Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
Airlines & Operators
Alt Fuel Producers
Potential Funding Sources
A2BE Carbon CaptureAdv Bio-Energy Tech’sAgromass BiofuelsAir BPAmyris BiotechBaard EnergyChevronConocoPhillips
Neste OilSASOLShellSolazymeSolArcPetroSASyntroleumUOP
ATAALPAAlaskaAmericanContinentalDeltaFedExAirbusBoeing
JetBlueNetJetsNorthwestSouthwestStar AllianceUnitedUS AirwaysUPS
Morgan StanleyOPIS (Oil Pricing)Solarc (Taxes)
Colonial Pipeline Magellan PipelineKinder Morgan
AirbusBoeingGEPW
Business: Facilitating a Future Market
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
17Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
2005 2015 2025
1.00
(Relative CO2 increase)
growth w/ currently available solutions
carbon neutral growthw/ alternate fuels
w/ technology improvements
w/ operational improvements1.50
Market-based measures?
Possible standards?
U.S. Strategy to Reduce Aviation’s Carbon Footprint
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative
18Federal AviationAdministrationJune 3, 2009
• Aviation dependent on hydrocarbon based liquid fuels
• Concentrated Airport Distribution allows rapid
deployment (80% of fuel in 35 locations in U.S.)
• Timely Fuel Certification crucial for market
• Establishing GHG LCA crucial for decisions (policy and
investment)
• Alternative fuels are technically feasible but need to get
to deployment
• CAAFI helping to bring these pieces together
• ICAO key to global harmonization
Closing Thoughts