FED-STD-H28/3 - MIL-STD-188everyspec.com/FED-STD/download.php?spec=FED-STD-H28-3.02269… · FED-STD-H28/3 31 March 1978 ... tbe design and manufacture of special thrcadi”g

FED-STD-H28/3

31 March 1978

SupersedingN8S Handbook H28 (1969)Part 1 Section 3

FEDERALSTANDARD

SCREW-THREADSTANDARDSFOR FEDERALSERVICES

SECTION 5

UNIFIED THREADS OF SPECIALDIAMETERS,

PITCHES,AND LENGTHSOF ENGAGENEi4T

This standard was approved by the Commissioner FederalSupply Service, General Services Administration, forthe use of all Federal agencies.

U.S. GOVERNME~ PRINTING omlCE : 1978 - 161-423/1078

Orders for this publication are to be placed with GeneralServices Administration, acting as an agent for the Super-intendent of Documents. Single copies of this standard areavailable at the GSA Business ServiCe Centers in Boston, NewYork, Atlanta, Chicago, Kansas City, MO, Fort Worth, SanFrancisco, Los Angeles, and Seattle, or from the GeneralServices Administration, Specifications and Consumer Infor-mation Distribution Branch, Building 197, Washington NavyYard, Washington, OC 20407 .l?rice 1.40 cents each.

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FED-STD-H28/331 March 1978

I

INFORMATION SHEET ON FEDERAL

This Federal Standard is issued in looseinsertion or removal of new or revised pages

STANDAROS

leaf form to permit theand sections.

Al 1 Users of Federal Standards should keep them up to date by in-serting revised or new pages as issued and removing superseded and can-cel led pages.

New and revised pages wi 11 be issued under Change Notices h’hich wi 1‘be numbered consecutive v and wil 1 bear the date of issuance. ChangeNotices should be retain;d and filed in front of the Standard until ‘suchtime as they are superseded by a reissue of the entire Standard.

NOTICE

From 1939, the Interdepartmental Screw-Thread Cormnittee ( ISTC), un-der the Chairmanship of the National 8ureau of Standards (N8S) , Departmentof Comnerce had developed and published N8S Handbook H28, Screw-ThreadStandards for Federal Services.

Section 487 of Title 40 of the U.S. Code states that the authorityfor development of Federal Standards for procurement purposes rests withthe General Services Administration (GSA).

In November 1976, the ISTC was terminated, and the General ServicesAdministration (GSA) accepted the responsibi 1 ity for NBS Handbook H28 andagreed to convert it and maintain it as a Federal Standard.

The standards which had been published as N8S Handbook H28, Part 1,Part II and Part III will now be promulgated as a fully coordinatedFEO-STD-H28, maintaining the existing sections and identifying them withslant lines. For example, N8S Handbook H28, Part 1, Section 3 wil 1 bedetailed standard FED-STO-H28/3 which must be procured individual lY.

Military Custodians Preparing Activity

ARMY - AR DLA-ISNAVY-ASAIR FORCE - 11 (Project No. THDS-0006)

Civil Agency Coordinating Activity

ACOAFSBPAFHWFIS

FPIFRAFSSJFKLRC

MSFNBSPcoRDSTCS

ii


FED-sTD-H28/331 March 1978

CONTENTS

Page

1.2.3.4.5.6.i’.8.9.

10.11.12.

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- ...?.

Types of special threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Unified thread form... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Preferred diameters and pitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‘fhreadclasse s..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Allowances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tolerance s...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Length ofengagemenc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Limit s of size..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Method of designating screw threads . . . . . . . . . . . .Directions for determining limits of size of special threadsGages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The text of this section is reprinted fry the NBS HAND800K H28with minor editorial corrections. Pagecontain corrections indicated by an asterisk.

Reorganization of the document from NBS HANOBOOK H28 toFEO-STO-H2B creates an editorial inconvenience, when maintainingcontinuity of cross references amongst the pages, paragraphs,tables and figures of the different sections. For this standardindividual sections wil 1 be numbered sequentially starting with(1) one. If the reprinted text refers to another page, such asPage 6.3, this will be understood to mean section 6 page 3. Allfigures and tables wil 1 maintain the established designations,prefixed with the section; e.g. Table 3.1 and Figure 2.5 toidentify their location in this standard. All appendices wil 1be incorporated in the basic document FED- STO-H28 with othergeneral information and wil 1 continue to be identified withthe prefix A.

111123345556

28

iii



1., INTRODUCTION

‘l’he thread series, tolerances, and nllmvn.ceqspecified in section 2 of H28 apply in general tobolts, nuts, and tapped holes of stundard pitchesand diameters. Inadditio”, there arclargc quantit.ieaof tlu-mded parts produced where the relations ofdinmeter to pitch are necessarily diflerent fromthose of thestande.rd threndserics, and thelengthsof engagement either 8horter or longer than for boltand nut prncticc. Such threads arc designated“threads of specird diamcl.ers, pitches, ancl lengthsof engagement”. Selected combinations of (Tnificdspecial screw thrwtds arc Iistcd in tablr. 3.I. Pkchdiameter tcdemnccs in this tdda me hnswf o“ nlength of thread cngngcment of O times the pitch,Thepitch diamcterl imitsarea pplicablefoa Icn th

%“of engagement of from 5 to 15 timm the pitch. (T Mshould not be confused with the length .f I.hrmdon mating pnrts, w it may exceed tbe length ofengagement by a considerable nmoun t.)

2. TYPES OF SPECIAL THREADS

There are varkua degrees of speckdizat ion in thedesign of special thrmds that may be cbwzified asfollows :

(1) A standard thread that. k modified by theinclusion of some nonstandard fent.ure as discu.wedin section 2,

(2) A thread of n standard dinmeter euch an isfound in one or more of tbe thread series in section2 associated with a standard pitch listccl in table2.1 forming a diameter-pitch comhkmt ion tbat. is notin a standard thread series; for example, 1.C4M-10UNS,

(3) A diameter of odd size such M 1.137 in. uc-ciated with a stnndnrd pitch,

(4) A thread of either standard or nonstandarddiameter associated with n mnstnndnrd pit oh; forexample, 1.XIO-15 UNS or .S95-26 UNS,

(5) A thread of nny of the first four degrees ofapecinlization to whtch npecid tolcrrmm-s nrc npplied,

(6) A completely special thrcnd that devint es fromtbe sttmdn~d Unbied thread form.

In the wend OJ ecmnnv, tho &7-Wadhere to Wmdard thrzndz ar to had enturm con-

Jonniw m cfosdu us PO%SW & established stmdmk.Itshould be rememhcmd tbat epecial threads cntniltbe design and manufacture of special thrcadi”gtools and gages wkb cmucquent greater cm.ts, i“-crc~ in inventories, nnd difficulties i“ prcmuri”gc.pare p?rta when rcplncemcnts me necesmry.

In tbm scctmn! st andurda for special thrruds arcpresented, including thread form. sclectcd cornbh.tiom of Unified special screw threads (table 3.1),allowances and tolerances, and detailed direct ionsfor specifying special threads on rfrnwing~, A dis-cussion of factors nffccting the denign of qxwitdthreads is presented in appendix A5.

3. UNIFIED FORM OF THREAD

The Unified form of thread profile M specified insection 2 shrill be USA

4. PREFERRED DIAMETERSAND PITCHES

The USC,whenever P@aible, of the standard seriesof screw tbreada listed in table 2.7 k recommendedfor all npplicntions. Whenever aizea and pitches intcble 2.7 are not suitable, the designer abouldf ifpmssiblc, chome n thrcad from table 3.1 which listsdectcd combkmtions of Unified special screwthrcads. If a selection cannot be made from eithertnble 2.7 or 3.1, consideration should be given to thefollowing parngrnphs in a choice of thread.

4,1. PREFERREDflArnErmw.-Wbenever pcssible,tbe be.sic ,dkmcter should be selected from series ofditameter increments as follows:

Dt.meter i.creme.bRmnE.

Yimtdioice I 3ec.andctmie3

in i“0,25 toO.6 0.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.bave 0.0 10 1.5 0.1 0.05mb.wel.stoe. o 0.25 0.1A)”. 6 to 10 0.6 0.25A-we 16 ta 24 1,0 0.5

It b recommended that diometem less thtm 0.25in conform to the standnrd .zizea of e.cmw8 under0.25 in. as there is virtually no nece.mity for the.wkctlon of a dimnctcr “ot included in three sizesFurthermore, the coarse and fine thread series pwvide ample choice M to diameter-pitch combim+ticnm

4.2. PREFERRED Prrcnm..-Whenever pomible,the pi(cb should be eelected from the series 40, 36,32, ‘X, 24, 20, 16, 12, 10, S, 6, and 4 threads perinch. Intermediate pitches should be used onlywhen absolutely necceaary. Pitches coarser than 4threads pcr inch me mt komnwmded.

There arc practical fimits to both the largest andzrmalfest diarnetem suitable for any pitch. The curveson the chart for determining minimum Iengtb ofthread engagement i“ Appendix A5 stop at suchlimits,

4.3. B.KWCTHREAD DATA.—Ba6ic thread data forstandnmf pitches are given in table 2.1. These dataarc to he umd in conjmction with the dkoctionafor specifying npecial threads cm drawi”~ as given1“ par, 5.4, p. 3.02,

1


FED-STD-H28/3

31 March 1978

5. THREAD CLASSES

Thread cken are dutiiidwd fmm each otherby the amounti of tolerance and tdfowrmce. Thef~qtion of these cfaa+ea is to aesura the interch8nge-

$I#y t&$$~% & ‘w diiinct .l~ .fn eatahfiihed for genemluse. The.!@ cla%en are: 1A, 2A, and 3A (for externalthreads only) and lB, 2B, and 3B (for inteme,lthreada only).

Clam IAR (for external threads only, 16 threadsper inch and cosrmr) in aleo included for specialuse. Clam IAR is produced by combming tbeAmerican National c186Y1 allowances with cl- 1Atolerances.

The dkmmition of the tolerances, allowamwt andcrest clearances for the six general w cl-s isillustrated in figures 2.5 and 2.6.

The requirements for a screw thread fit for aBWifiC aPPl\cati?n ~n be met by specifying theproper combination of cfa.wss for the compommts.For example, an external thread made to clam 2Afiits can be used with an internal thread made tooh lB, 2B, or 3B finite for specific applications.

5.1, CT.MSES 1A, lAR, and lB.—The comhina.t.ions of cfassen 1A or lAR and lB me intend~ tocoyer the manufacture of threaded parts wherequtck and ~ -mhly in ne-, and where analfowance u required to penmt ready. ~mbly,even when the threads are dightly bmieed or dirty.

Maximum diametem of clam 1A (external) threadaare lea than b=”c by the amount of the .qp,Me~.Iowance as applied ta clam 2A. For the intendedIIPPfiCII@MIOiII Am-i= practice the sllowance innot .svadable for plating or coating. Where thethread in pfated or coated, epecial pmviaionn aren~. The minimum diametem of clnea lB(inter’r+J) thmdq whether or not plmed or OJSM,c.m km, affording no rdlownnce or cleamnce foramembly with maximum msterial external thremicmnponenta having maximum d-etem which arebasic.

Albwances for all diametem and pitch diametertolemncea are specified in tables 3.2, 3.3, and 3,6.Their a plication is &own in figure 2.5,

.5.2. 1%.ASSES2A and 2B.-Cfnmea 2A forexternd$?d.Y and 2B for internal tbreada me dmi$ned

for~~ 2A threads.nemf use. A moderate allowance b prcmded

mnximum d-etan of class 2A (external)uncoated tbreada are less than tic by the amountof the ~lowwee., The allowance minimizes galling

ti?~i;.?%%%ti~i;;d %%%% ~;h;~coating. Howeve~, for tbrec.dn with addk,ive finish,the maximum dmmetem of cbn 2A may be ex.cee+d by the amount of the allowance; i.e., the 2Amnxumun dunetem appl to an unplated part or

ito a part before plating, w ere= the btic duetem(the 2A maximum diameter plus allowance) applyto s part after plating. The minimum diametem ofcfma 2B (internal) thmada, whether or mt plated or

coded, am basic, tiording no allowanm or clear-ance in mmembly at maximum materkl limito.

Affowanc= for all diametem and pitch dmetertolerances are specified in tables 3.2, 3.4, and 3.7.Their application b shown in y 2s.

5.3. CL.ASSEE3A AND3B.--C aeaea 3A for externalthreads and 3B for internal thrends pmvidea for,appficatiom where clmenes of fit md WCWUCYof lead and angle of thread em mportant. l%ey amobtainable cm.wstently onfy by the use of h~bqm+fity production equipment, suppm-ted by a veiyefficient system of gaging and inspection, The msn-mum dnetem of class 3A (external) tbresdn andthe minimum diameters of clam 3B (internal)threads, whether or not plated or coated, are btic,affording no tdlawance or clearance for a?aernbly ofmaximum mnterifd components

No alfow.snce is provided, but since the toleranceson GO gages are within the Iiiita of nice of the pr~duct, the gages will assure a c.hght clearance betweenproduct made to the maximum-material limku.Pitch dkneter tolerancm are npecified in tablea 3.5and 3.S. Their supplication in shown in &@& 2.6.

5.4. SELECITON or CLAM or Tnnmm-Con-nidemticm should first be given to tbe we of a ck2A external thread with a cl- 2B internal thre++dsince thew Amen are designed for general use. Theuse of clasa 2A provides that them will always be asmall clearance between msxmum-mderi8f

t-except when the external thread is plated, P atedPrtn are intended to be gaged with ba+c~ize GOg-. In e]thy ctqe, it in expected tkt ~ w~lnenemble readily without galling or eeiing. Tole*antes are .3uIWxently large so that ordinary pr.xf”c.tim methods are generally applicable.

Past experience with simifar deaigm may indimtethat a more accurately made or closer fitting threadin requiied than that which in pm’mitted by class-2A and 2B tolerances. In such cawn conaidemtionshould be given to the use of cla.sw 3A and 3B.The necesmy increase in cost should not be over.looked.

In some designs them may be advantages in prwvialing for greater average loa9eneea of lit than thatobtained with cl= 2A snd 2B. Such greateraverage Iocaenm b provided by C* 1A and lBor the mssemhly of cl- 1A extemaf threacfa withcfam 2B internal threads. ‘f%e minimum loosenem,however, k the eai-ne an for clamw 2A and 2B ex-cept that a pmitive allowance in provided for platedparts, When.9 greater minimum Icmseneeais req”isikto mvide for adverse conditions of a!sembly, clam

i“1A IS avadable, which is not a Unified cb?ay andin IxMed on the American National clam 1 aflmmncecombined with CIME 1A tolemnce. Tlwae cfaac.csalso provide larger tolerance to the manufact”mr,which may be of ndvant,sge if the thread in dMicult toprO@ce.

It should be noti. that any clsm of externalthread may be as!.misted with any cka of internalthread, there being m requirement to combimclassas of like number.

2



6. ALLOWANCES

l% allowance k minus nnd b appfied fmm thebtic size to below baaic size. Aflowanca in appliedon3y to tbe cla.swa 1A, lAR, and 2A external threads.Values of tbe allowance for clnssea 1A and 2A meobtained by w of a C factor of 0.3 in the formufashown in paragraph 7.3. Numerical values of cl-s1A and 2A allowances for the commonly usedpitches are listed in table 3.2.

The fonnuh in pmagmph 7.3 is not applicable tocl- lAR m this clnsa in produced by combiningthe American National CIW 1 allowances wltb cl=1A tolernnoes. Tbeae allowances are larger thanthose for cl= 1A and 2A and provide for readyses.embly under adverse comfitha.

Numerical values of clnsa IAR allowances are:

Tt,rcds per inch (lpi), “ Clans IAR allowance

0;%1:12 .MJ241:

:%%6 .00444 .00a4

(Chum lAR allowance apply onfy ta externaltbreds, 16 tpi and CO=.)

7. TOLERANCES

The folfoying general npr?ci6c8ti0n3 apply to all;~<ed forspplicatmnsof the .nitied form

7.1. UNWORM MINIMUM INTIORNAL TMEEAD.—ktm mioimum major, pitch, and minor diatnetem oftbe internal thread are, respectively *IU! same forokaes lB, 2B, and 3B.

7.2. DI?IECITON AND 8COPE or 10 LMIANCSS.—(a) The tolerume on the inLernal thread in plus,

and in appfied fmm the tic size to above bademm. --

(b) The tolerance on the external thread in minuoand is applied frum tbe maximum (or design) .sir.eto below the M8ximum sise.

(c) The tofemtwes npecified represent the extreme~3tioP-m~rmJted on the product.

— Toumamm8.-’Yhe basicfor&& for pitch diameter tolerance in carnpoaed ofthe following inorementn:

P.D. Toleranm

- c(o.oo15v~ + o.oo15q + o.o15wp),

where

C - a factor which differs for each clasnD - bmio major dkneter

L. = Iengtb of engagementp = pitch.

Thii formula is bsmd on the accuracy of prwntday threading practice, ar.d k applicable to allreasonable comblnnticmn of diameter, pitch, andlength of engagement. Numerical values of theincrements in the formula for standard diameters,pitches, and lengths of engagement are given intable 2.19. The values of factor C for pitch diametertolernncen me .93 follown:

Ckl Factor c

l~~d1.KIO1.WJ

H 1.0J32B 1.3m3A 0.7343B .976

R will be noted that the factor C is 20 percentgreater for internal than for externnl threads of a

“ven ckwm number on account of tbe relative%icuftiea of mmufactum.

Numerical vshma of pitch dimneter tolemncenfor cla%wa 1A, lAR, lB, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B amgiven in tablea 3.3 through 3.8. Two eeti of toler-ances are given: The for 5 to 15 pitcb~ length ofe-merit, w O? l@ba of 9 pitches, andth= for 16 to 30 pltohm length of engagement,which are 1.25 timrm the 9-pitch wduw. For lengthsof engagement over 30 pitches, it i3 recommendedthat pitch diameter tolermcea 1,5 times tbe 9-pitabvalues be umd. If exmssively mmfl or large Iengtlmof e~ment am encountered, the thread tOler.m- may lx calculated fmm the formub+, if ccm-sidered advimble. Afso, for threads per mcb notidcluded in the tables, tolerances ehould he calcu-lated by applying the fcmmhw.

7.4. M.uoR Dr.ummm TOLERANCES.-(..%) Ez&r-nd fArmd8.-Tbe tolerance on msjor di.wneter forspecial threads b not specified, M it must be de-Wrnined in r+ticm to the requirements of B @vendesign ~n accordance with tbe prwedum cmtlimd inap~n~ A5. Preferred tolerances equal to o.ofio +@for cla.!sa 2A and 3A, and equnf to 0.090 @ forclnenea 1A and lAR are u fcdlows:

3



ThMdaw.Inch

4036322027

10864

Msi.ardi-tm tnhrlmca

Clc.=a 1A dlAR, O.omwp

in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .,------- . . . . . . .

o:~7

.WsB

.mm

.O1m

.010s

.0122

.0131

.0142

.01s5

.0172

.0194

.02!5

:%

Cbzea 2A snd3A, 0.060+ZZ

o.&32.0335.m33.0341.0045.m4s

.m31

.m5

.Omo

.Ca6s

.mX17

.0072

.0321

.m37

.We4

.0103

.0114

.0129

.Oml

.0132

.023.9

(b) IrUemnl Uwa&.-lh tolerance on mn”orI1diameter is far refere.om only. It is equal to /6

plus the pitch diameter tolerznce of the cbwa oftbm+d mvolvc?d. The maximum major diameter ofthe mternzf thread mz,y be determmed by addingo.7933b7p (= llH/12, table 2.1) to the mmxinmmpitch dmeter of tbe internal thread. However, thizdiameter @ball not result in a root Szt width Ieszthan p/24. In dimenaioni~ intend threzdz thenmxinmn major d-eter m not npeoif ied, Wingeatabfisbed by the crest of an unworn t~l. In PmC-ti~, the major diameter of an intemnl thread, bszttiactcmy when amzpted by a ~go or gz.gm

“fmethod that represents the maxmmm matermcondition of an external thread which hnn no al-Iowrmm.

7.5. Mmon DMMmxn TouanANcEz.-(a) Ez-fanol tfumdm-l%e tolerznce on minor dmeter ofexternal ,thrmds is for ~ference only. At the norninafminor dfzmeter, that m, at the interazctian of tberounded rmt with itscenter fine (nee 6 2.3) it

heq@s the pitch dmmeter tolerance pl~ /12 and8PPh2a only where the rounded root m a req”ir~ment of the deqn. Other’mqa tbe tolerance shall beH/4 ply the, pitch diameter tolerance. The mini-mum mmor dmmeter of the externzl thread may bedetermined by s.btmoting 0. S49519P (- 0.75H,table 2.1) fmm the minimum pitch dizmekr of theexternaf thread. However, thu diameter hall notresult in a rcmt flat width leM than p/8. In dimen-doning extend thre@z the minimum minor dLwne-ter is not speoifizd, bang estnblizhed by the crest ofan unworn tool. In practice, the minor dinmeter ofan extemzf tbm.nd is satisfactory when accepted by

a gage or w “ng method that reprm?ntd the maxi.mum-moteriz!’ccmfition of the internal thread 1-the aflowancea, if any.

(b) htemal thrmdz.-Formufm for the intemafthrmd minor dmeter tolemocea are zbown in table2.2o. Numerical values for the tolerances am zbownin tables 3.9 and 3.10. To reduce the n@Xr ofmimm dueter toleranczz to a pmctwd mmumun,toleroncez are shown in these tables for selectedpitches tmd dwmetem In these tables, the tolerancesan? u follows:

Lm@h ofm~wnent fomub V.lue mti.

f.emthan 0.33D . . . . . . ao

i

0.6Fmm0.33D to 0.67D. 75 y::sOvrrO.67D10 1.6 D..Over 1,5D. . . . . . . . . . . ;% 1.25

When the to!emnoe value so mmputed k momthan 0.394P, which conwpondz t-a a rmufting ,tini-nnun thread beigbt of 53 pzrcent, the value m .zd-juzted to equal 0.394P.

8. LENGTH OF ENGAGEMENT

The valuez in tablea 3.9 and 3.10 for lengths ofengagement frmn 0.67D to 1.5D, are mitable forgeneral appfi28ti0n3.

Some thread applioationz have lengths of engage-ment which are greater than 1.6 diametem or Imathen 0.67D. For sunlicationa hovinn shorter orlonger len@2 of enticement it mzy Fe 2dv2ntage-oua to decrease or ince the internal threadminor dkmeter tolerznoe ~ explained Mow.

The pri.cimf practicaf factors that govern th-tolerances a,., tapping dficoltiei, particularly mPbreakage in the small sizes, availability of standarddrill sizes in the medium and farge sises, and depthof engagement. Depth of engagement wrrel8t-with the .strippin~ atrength of the thrmd mmmbl ,

rnnd thus rd.m mth the length of On-ent. talso oorrelatm with the tendency toward dmen~meat of the threndz on one side when =mbfy ineocentric. The amount of +ble eccentricity inone half of the sum of the pitch d=eter allow~zeand tolerance on both matins thmadn. For a gwenpitch or height of thread thts sum increase? withthe dimneter, and nmordirr$ly thin factor wmddrequire ?. deoramz in minor dmmeter tolerance withincrease in dinmeter. However, such ‘decrea8e intolemnoe often iz not fezzibfz without 72q~Wspecial drill sir.ea; therefore, to be able to w Mmany aY pmsible of the available standard driffsi= listed in USA B5.12, tbe minor d~eter tol-erance for clncsea lB and 2B of s given pitch fm0.25 in. diameter and lnrger is constant, in m%mrd-ance with tbe formula:

0.25P – 0.4P.

4


FEo-sTD-H28/331 March 1978

‘l’here may be applications where the length ofe,~ement 01 the mating threads or the combina.tmn of mnterw.fs used far mating threads me suchthatthe maximum tolerance mav not Drovide thedesired strength of the fmtenin~. Ex&rience hMshown that for. Iengthn of engagement less than0.67D (the muumum thickn= of standard nuts)the minor diameter tolerance may be reduced with-out causing tapping dbficultms.

In other application, the length of engagementof mating thrends may be long because o,f designcmmiderations or the combination of mnter,nls usedformatingthreadm Asthet.hreads engaged mcrmsein number, their depth of engagement may beshallower and.sldl develop atrippingstren Chgrenter

ft.hantheexternaf thread brea!smgstrcngt In these

I c- the maximum tolerance should be increasedto reduce the Poembllity of toppmgd16icultie.%

Recommended internal thread minor dmmeter

~tolemncca for various lengths of engagement areshown in tables 3.9 and 3.10. Recommended hole sizeIimita before threndi”g for different lengths ofengagement are shown in appendix A3.

9. LIMITS OF SIZE

W1tb respect to the pitch dinmeter fiiita of size,it in intended, except M hereinafter qwdified, thatno portion of the complete thread be perrmtted toproject beyond the envelope defined by the maxi-mum-material limts on the one hand, o! beyondthat defined by the minimum-material lilts on theother, and thus be outnide of the tolernnce zone millustrated in figures 2.5 and 2.6. The full tolerancecannot thc~efore, be used on pitch diameter unlessdeviation m other thread elements are. zero.

Dweter equivalents of variations in lead, uni-formity of helix, and flank angle are in the directiontoward maximum material. A!so included in pitch-diameter liudts are other varmtiom from size andpro f.fe, such m taper, out-o f-round,. and surfacedefects. Thus the maximum-mnterud pkch dmrrwterfiiitn.we a Ikmtation of the vutual diameter (effec-tive awe) and are so specfmd herein for nll threadclas?ea. It h intended that diameter equivalents ofdeviation in any given element except pitch. diame-ter should not exceed one-half of the pitchdmmetertolerance. Values nre given in table 2.22 for devia-tions in 1.4 and haff-angle equivalent to one-halfof pitch d-eter tolerances. Flank angle equivalentsaJoo~6dWb.bawd on a depth of thread cngngement

Variations in &nper and roundnem of the pitchdmeter, together with wriationn of the pitchdweter as a whole, may be in the direction ofminimum material and thus tbe minimum-msterinlpitch dhnetq fiiit may be, specified as a limhaticmof the pitch dl~eter = a angle element. However,in view of the mterrelatmn of the pitch d,nmetcr,variations in lead and flank angle, etc., togetherwith practical considerations relating to est.ab-finbed production proct=se+ product appli-tionand inspection procedures, except for cl= 3A, for

f~tenem and some custom threaded par@! it iscustomary to be acceptance at tbe nunmmnt-materinl condition (minimum pitch d!ameter of theext.er.naf thread and maximum pitch diameter. ofthe. inter@ thread) on threaded plug and nng-g, ~th ~es to the thrd form nnd lengthspecu%d m sectmn 6. See Dlmen.wonal acceptabilityof threads in that sectton.

10. METHOD OF DESIGNATINGSPECIAL SCREW THREADS

For the method of designating threads of specialdimnetem, pitches, and lengths of engagement, andUNS threads (threads with Unified tolerance for-mulations), see 8130 section ,2.Tbe symbol “UNS” in apphcsblc tO any thread,

(1) having the basic Unified thread form,(2) with links based on Unified formulations, nnd(3) which in not Iiited in table 2.7.

Selected combinations of UNS threada urc listedin table 3.1.

11. DIRECTIONS FOR DETERMININGLIMITS OF SIZE OFSPECIAL THREADS

The following dnctions are intended to simplifythe ttwk of the designer or specification writer inpreparing the specification for n npecial thread:

The procedure to be followed in detmmining yalueafor the escntinl tbrend elements (IM shown, m fig.3.12) and the umociated tolerances, in outhned mtable 3.11. The application of tbia and other tablesin illustrated by the followin~ example:

Internaf thread, 2.5W2SUNS-2BLength of engagement, 1 in.

Min major diameter = 2SIXIJ in.Min pitch diimeter = basic major diameter –

0.75H (table 2.1)= zz~m– 0.0232 =

Mu pitch diameter = min pitch diameter +tolerance (table 3.7)

= 2.6768 + 0,0i173 - ●

2.4841Min minor diameter = b~ic major dweter –

1.25H (table 2.1)= 2.5oo -0.0387 = 2.461

Max minor &meter = min minor diameter +tolerance (table 3.9)

= 2,4613 + 0.0363 = 2.46S

The dimensions of the above internal thread maybe stated on the drawing as follows:

Major diameter: 2.5W30 minFitch diameter: 2.6768 . 0.0073 ●

- 0.00C0Minor d-eter: 2.461 + 0.0063

- O.ocm.

5


FED-sTD-H28/331 March 1978

External thread, 2.5WI-28UNS2A (To matewith the above thread)

iknx h.sjor dkrmeter

Min major dinuwter

Max pitch dinmetcr

Mill nilch dhmcter

basic major diameter –allowance (table 3.2)

2.5000 – 0.0014 = 2.4986mnx major diameter —

tolerance (tabulnted onp, 3.04)

2.4986 – 0,MM5 = 2.4921max m.jor dimncter -

0.75H (table 2.1)2.4986 – 0.0232 = 2,4754max Ditch diameter — tol-

era;ce (table 3.4)= 2.4754 — 0.@2-49 = 2.4705

Nom minor diameter = max mnjor dimnctcr –17H/12 (1.4167H) (tublc9 1\-.. ,

= 2.4986 — 0.042S = 2.454S.

The dimcmicms cd the nbovc cxkmd thread mny

h stated on the drawing M follown:

Major diameter: 2.49S6 + 0.@3011– o.ma.5

Pitch diameter: 2.4754 + 0.0000– 0.0049

Minor dimncter: 2.4548, nominal,

The design of a sprcial thread usually requiresthat considcrnt ion be givrm to varimm {*CIon inorder that (he thread wembly will function pr-operly. These factom arc discussed in appendix A5.It is to & noted particularly that deviations fromtbc preferred toleraucm for 1.najor dinmcfcr of theextcrnnl thrcnd and for mlrmr rliumeter of (heint ernnl thrcod mny bc nc.cswmy i,, wd.r (o arriveat. the optunum dmign.

12. GAGESThe ~pccifictit iom for gngcs. including marking,

= pr=nl~ i,, SCCltoll 6 ripply *ISO I0 gngrs for@cIfil thr~~~.

6



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TABU 3.1. &hdd cmbindimi Uni&d w&4 -. Weds, UNtGConIiaucd

9-M

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18

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fm

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1.1s3

1.XM

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3.7M-10

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4.cm-10

4. KQ-14

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4, ZM-1*

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k-t

FEO-STCI-H28/331 March 1978

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M

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m

2A

QI1

b-.L_

M“, Mb M.,. Mm— . . . .

a * 1 1 7— — — — —

&.MM LA 1.%4 I.%4 I Z7>

,Xal, ,.67M 1.0!0, ,,!411 1.m18

.Wn I.m l.mw l,- 1.51s

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.mm I.wm 1.DW 1.- 1.W

.0017 I,CQM 1.98M 1,9s10 1.0102

.001s I.- 1. nma 1.W24 I.mn

.mld I.amo Z.osls 1.0m3 a.0140

.CMca 2.CUE 2.OU1 lolls S.olm

.mlo s. lea 1.17M t.iul 2.lm

.Oca s. Im z. 1711 S.tm 1,1128 ~

,Joa S.wm 2.U5, S,!ua Z.17M i

.001? Law Z.zam #.mls s. Iml

,ml$ a. sled 1. U98 1.X1%4 S.M1l

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,mn 2.4s8 *. aw *. Icd2 tam.K@ n. WI s.tnl *. ma *.m

.mm ;, <ml ?. ml s. U.m D.4%

.0017 1.<= S.ulo 1.4$!9 2.4481

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,GQn s. 71= s. nm x 7010 x ml

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.001, awn 2.WS :.?JYS 1.-

,ml# 3.- a.sm S,9J18 3.s450

m] 1.117S I.nm 4.lm 4. !759

,W18 a.mm *am 4.=M f.!w

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10



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.m—.. am,CLAESE3 1A, 2A ALLOWANCES

11



T.uz 33. FilchLw,h I&m for dud lhrsd o!,pccid dim,uk,, @chM,and knalb Of enva@IIId, cksu 1A andlAR(TN8U b w. la. P. :Ja:m.. la ,. am.)

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0,07 u 0.;1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0,,,, -0,0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

O.M *en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0,231 * 0,68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

O.M b O.n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .On, b 0.64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.,0 w 0,11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0,1, ! IOa.a . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

O.lt -0.14 . . . m:: o:% O:S& O:mua O:mca Ua&0.x# w O.u . . . . . .

0,1s tio.n . . . . ;= J& ;= ;% ;go0.”1 h 0,78

0.1, ko, a ;= ;= :% ;% ;=0.’1, u 0,94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,.,, w #,47 . . . . . . . . ;~; ;~, ;j.x.x :W& .MMO.*7I * 0,s4 . . . . . . . . . .OW

0.19 100, M . . . . . . . . . . J& :%O.mt*l.m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :%% :%%

0.,0 *USC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J& moon ;~; ;=0.541-1.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.2, tie. m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MS, m& ;C46;out - n.u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sal :%

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o.m bo. m . . . . . . . . . . fa& ;%O,ul IOt. m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.s8 * 0.$4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jc& S-&0,941 b 1.U . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.s8 Id ,.97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .W75,.07! -s .1< . . . . . . . . . . . . .SOm

0.,2 la ;.s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;=>.-,$0 *.m . . . . . . . . . .

O.w til. m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,.W, b,.m . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.0s Ls,. u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .#.#l, L3,,1S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

mm b *.W . . . . . . . . .*MI - I.m . . . . . . . . . .

,.Ll M,.7S . . . . . .1.78, - ,.m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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1A, lAll P,D. TOLENAKCEE

i. “. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .. . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

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FED-STD-H28/331 Msrch 1978

T.w+ ‘J.3.I@ dim,mtm Wemma J.wezkrnal thrd OJ.p”al diamtlas, @chw, and fmgtha’oj e.wgmncni,CLUS61 1A and 1A R-Cau.

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. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

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13



‘T.m.n 3.4 Piti diameter lcdmwuu Jw ukrnal lhrd of #pu&l di.xwkr., pilchu, and &n#h. .# .._,r,.nl, .Iau 8,1

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15



TAB= 3.S HIch diamdsr lolmmta, for as&m,al thread, .# ,ptkl dim,,dw,, pilcheq and /u@h, OJ mgqwatl, CLU, M(VN8 w b w. 7A & a.na:w. 10,r. sm.)

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0.cam . . . . . . . . . . . . ..mn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

fJ7J o:= 0.CQ29 . . . . . . ..CQa . . . . . . . . .

S.# .alY4 . . . . . . .:% .Ccao . . . . . . . . . .

$3& IOU& 0:=:=

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16



T.mx 3S Pilch di.vntkr Iolmnnca Jor afand lhr6& al. @ dimndcw m“fc.$u, and kwih al enavcmenf, d.w tlAdn

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Jn& ;% .mu :%.ONn

:C& :+c& 4& J&

,MM ,mm,mm .WOl

moan J&I

:E :% :% :%2,0070 ;= .mn.mu :% .Om

;g, ,@7#.Ola

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.- y& .0M4 :C&,0101 ,Olm

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rh.u 3.7. I,itih diawdcr loknulcu

ma 00a

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MM

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20


FED-STD-H28/331 ~rch 1978

T.mm 3.7 P&h di.mdar bfarrznta far hlemal Ihrmd, aj #@al diamdm’i; punu, ad Im@ij OJ CWWMWII1. dau IB-&

I .2$ I .8 ,.76 , 1.s S.&. , 1 , , ,0 ,,_!-

Y -Yi%- 1.8Z! 1.W3 !.11 Z,78 1, !3 8,7, 4., ,., , @

I .a71 1,U6 ,,”s S.= ,.,, ,.U ,,,s 4., ,,, , @ ,,J

.,. “

fib diwMlll IA&n.

—LD3RNLM

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

o:% o.003# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..m72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.mm c.:m~ O,mu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .:%% .mn .Wm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

:= Jl& ;gy .mu o:=,Wm

0, 03cu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,E7J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ja& Sam& ;= :&m ;00: ,ml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,Ua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

:C& ;mce IQ& :~ .m78 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .:E ,X004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,- ;pa ;WCQ S& ..S71 O.mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..- :%% ,COul .0101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

:= SW& := :&s coal .Oml mm” . . . . . . . .:E .010, ,O,M .Otm . . . . . . . . .

:= :% ;= .mm .Oxl .mes ,Sal .Vm, O.cual,Olm .0103 ,0108 ,0,,0 .0,,4 .0,,,

:~ :* myn :::% :%

@& Xc& :fi

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:= mm :% mg ml: m~ ;:;%.mll

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FE D-STD-H28/331 March 1978

TABI.Z3.S l’ikhdiame&r fd8nnuu for i~d tied al mrci.zl diowkm, pilchq end length OJ awwcmmt, cbu SBiQN8 - -W. 7.!, P. SD, W. la . ~J

—m.-.f-0“ I=kl=-kk=b=L=—lJd—mti-&

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u i.. . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.m4 ..... ..COw;$T& o:mm

:$.nJ:%

X.3& s.&

;W& ;&m

JJ# :=

;% :~

ST& $.#

ag :j.la

4&:%!Ja& xa~

.@nl:% .Caa;O# J-#

;% ;%

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M& Lm’a& ~:::::::

$.& .9W ...........CnM . . . . . . . . . .

;g ;:0 4:3

aa~ WY ;%

;% :~ IO&

J-& ;= :%

Sa& ;% ;=

;C& ID&:%

;n& J& ;M4;

;% ;@& :DJ’&

;fO& := ;=

.m.n :% J&y.CW

fog ;= ;O&

:= :* ;=

. . . . . . :% :%. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sl&. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22



TAsq 3.S l%!&,dimmdu’- b <nlernalUmxfs al ,pe#ial&duq P“fchu,and 1+ QIenvwmtenl,h 3J

1.1, . 1.71 r, m. .) ih ‘4 8 s. 1 10 1]e

,.,U I.ZZI I .Im I.m 1.s S.m q $.= *.$ B.J .1 * II

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T.ms 3.9, Min.ar dimncler ld:mn.-u JGT ifW *#al *CW thti, CLUSU In .nd $Llmm M m*, 10.9. sm.1

d

Ttikud. kk.udi-!ul .f - O.oea 0.01s O.on O.vn 0.112 0.1= 0.1= O.lu O.lm 0.%,1. —— — . — . — . — .

F:titi-. r.”o. Dsl O.OM 0.07s O.m 0. lM 0.111 0. lx 0.111 0. m O.m!

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;:~ p~o & 0,0,s 0.0,70 O.om 0.0,s4 O.m,. O.enl 0.az#o 0.0Z71 O.Owl O.ONO 0.0910,0144 O.om 0,0170O.o,m 0.0213O.om 0. ma O.oa O.mm 0.03,2 0.03,4 0,- O.oln ,.044s 0.049

.Tr&m.la!.”t tk.of.--l bmdrixhequhd=.d r.??.**b.s-~ -x%ii3?.-&%7&Hi&& m d . .II!t. wdb.w!dma. .od-ud lm.aL.!”uU..k, thtb. r4d - W-.

24


FED-STO-H28/331 March 1978

TAC.I.C3.10. Minor dia,nder lduancu for infenud ,+ we. thread, CLUS 3B

—

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, .50 . . . . .3D . . . . . . . . . . .

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l.mlt . . . . .;M& ;::::::: ;:::::::

.Caa . . . . . . .

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3& := ,@,,

TO& m! CQY1EC.&

;~ ;= ,W

;m$.1 := y&

;f& := ;=

:C.& ;O# IO&

:OJ: := A&g

mO& .mn X.&

;~ :%% 4&.mm

,00?! .Ma:= %J :%,mm all .m?l

;$0303 $.& $811J

.D2u:% .m :M%:% ;= ,Oon

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25


FED-STD-H28/331, March 1978

TAsm %10. ,$finm IIiamold !&r.muem (or imfmnal ,yccial mm.. (hrcd., clau 9kI-Cantinued(UN8 !hm& _ w. 10., WA]

== z z z - z z AZ z ‘——1 I I I I 1 I I I I I

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.tzD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;= .mm0.67D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;Uo&& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . y% ,O,m

. . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,,, ,-

‘am y;;y;,01= :?=

IO& .0M2:y:

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