February 2011 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 396 - 1

February 2011 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 396 - 1

February 2011

CLASS 396, PHOTOGRAPHY

SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE CLASS SUBJECTMATTER

A. This class provides for photographic apparatus notclassified elsewhere, generally for recording a picturemade by a source of light on a photographic medium.

B. This class also includes fluid-treating apparatus fordevelopment of film.

C. This class will not receive for original placement apatent claiming alternative embodiments, one of a typeproper for this class and one of a type related to anotherrecording class. Patents claiming alternative embodi-ments will be placed in the class that provides for thealternative and crossed in the appropriate subclass inthis class. This class will receive a patent disclosing twotypes of recording devices when the claims are generalor related to this class.

D. Subcombinations of picture recording apparatus nototherwise provided for, such as a removable film-holderunit, hood, camera housing, and camera setting indicatoror legend, are classified here.

E. Also classified here are certain accessories related tophotography not otherwise provided for such as studiostructure (e.g., background, photographic model, or sup-port, etc.), camera mounting or rest, camera attachment(e.g., a vignetter), retouching, or burnishing device.

F. Nonchemical processes involving photographic appa-ratus of sections A-E, Class Definition, General State-ment of the Class Subject Matter, above (e.g., operatingsuch apparatus) are included in this class. See Refer-ences to Other Classes, below, for processes of radia-tion imagery chemistry.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSESAND WITHIN THIS CLASS

Excluded from Class 396 is subject matter relating toimage recording of an original or carrier which is devel-oped by toner and video cameras utilizing a semicon-ductive or CCD device. Such subject matter may befound elsewhere. See below for the line between Class396 and Class 348.

LINE BETWEEN CLASS 396 and CLASS 348

Class 396 will receive for original placement a patentdisclosing both Class 396 and Class 348 devices whenthe claims are general or directed only towards Class396 subject matter and are otherwise proper therefor.

Class 396 will not receive for original placement apatent claiming alternative embodiments, one of a typeproper for Class 396 and one of a type proper for Class348. Such a patent should be classified as an original inClass 348 and crossed into the appropriate subclass inClass 396.

Similar placement applies to a claim reciting a combina-tion of Class 348 and Class 396 subject matter. Theoriginal is classified in Class 348 with a cross to Class396 except where Class 348 subject matter merely pro-vides a perfecting feature of a Class 396 type camera orcamera system. In that case, the original is classified inClass 396.

(1) Note. Class 396, subclasses 429+ willaccept a combination of a Class 396 typecamera and a diverse art device where suchcombination is not otherwise provided for. For classification purposes above, the reci-tation of an “image sensor,” “image pickupdevice,” or the like that generates an imagerepresentative electrical signal which maybe subsequently processed or displayed, orthe positive recitation of a “video camera”in a claim is considered to be Class 348subject matter if otherwise proper therefor.OBJECT ILLUMINATION SUBCOMBI-NATIONS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHEREArtificial light sources, per se, may be dis-tinguished as being either noncombustibleor combustible.Noncombustible incandescent lamps,where the filament is not intended to beburned or consumed and for gas dischargelamps of the “electronic flash” type areclassified elsewhere. See References toOther Classes, below. The combination of a Class 313 lightsource and the electrical circuitry for ener-gizing the same are classified elsewhere.See References to Other Classes, below. Circuits of general utility for igniting com-bustible or explosive devices, such as rock-ets or dynamite are classified elsewhere.See References to Other Classes, below. The combination of an artificial lightsource with a protector, support or distribu-

396 - 2 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS February 2011

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tor, and photographic lights are classifiedelsewhere. See References to OtherClasses, below. Combustible illuminating flash devicessuch as photographic bulbs, and electricalcircuitry for electrically igniting a combus-tible light source are classified elsewhere.See References to Other Classes, below.

(1) Note. This class (396) provides for thecombination of an illumination device andessential camera structure other than a mererecitation of a “camera housing wall”.FLUID-TREATING APPARATUS CLAS-SIFIED ELSEWHEREClass 34, Drying and Gas or Vapor ContactWith Solids, is the generic class for the con-tacting of solids with either, or both, gasesor vapors. Class 34 provides for the appa-ratus which merely claims a gas generator,such as ammonia, with means for contain-ing the gas for treating “photographic”material and may include means for han-dling or feeding the material in or into thegas treatment area. The inclusion of heat-ing means for vaporizing liquid or solidammoniated compounds to release ammo-nia gas or vapor does not preclude classifi-cation in Class 34. Class 134, Cleaning and Liquid ContactWith Solids, is the generic class for appara-tus for contacting solids with liquids forany purpose not provided for in otherclasses. The Class 134 definitions shouldbe referred to for the classification of pat-ents directed to subcombinations of fluidtreating apparatus.The combinations of photocopying appara-tus and developing apparatus are classifiedelsewhere. See References to OtherClasses, below. Mixing chambers of the print washer-typeincluding specified feed means without aseparate work holder where turbulence oragitation will inherently occur during nor-mal usage are classified elsewhere. SeeReferences to Other Classes, below.

(1) Note. This class (396) provides for gastreatment of claimed specific material suchas “diazo” sheet material. See SubclassReferences to the Current Class, below.

This class (396) provides for the combina-tion of a camera and developing apparatusnot limited to photocopying. See SubclassReferences to the Current Class, below.

This class (396) provides for a claimed rec-itation of a vessel containing a developingsolution and a vessel containing a fixing orwashing solution with means for moving aphotographic film, print, or plate there-through sequentially.

This class (396) provides for the combina-tions which include claimed recitationsconcerning specified solutions, such as“hypo,” or specified material by its photo-graphic characteristic or orientation, suchas emulsion side up.

This class (396) provides for provide forthe combination of fluid treating apparatusand a dark cabinet wherein the light-excluding features are claimed. See Sub-class References to the Current Class,below.

This class (396) provides for fluid treatingapparatus for treating superimposed or lam-inar sheets. See Subclass References to theCurrent Class, below.

See References to Other Classes, below forliquid development.CAMERA CASE SUBCOMBINATIONSCLASSIFIED ELSEWHEREReceptacles particularly constructed to con-tain a camera such as having a specialshape and interior arrangement providedwith shelves, racks, or arrangements ofclasps or retaining devices for holding acamera are classified elsewhere. See Refer-ences to Other Classes, below. Devices for carrying a camera whereinmeans are provided that are especiallyadapted to be supported upon a person"sbody are classified elsewhere. See Refer-ences to Other Classes, below. Cabinet structure designed to house picturemachines or films or other highly inflam-mable material and cabinets for housingand supporting instruments so that relativeguided motion between the instrument andthe cabinet structure results in placement of


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the instrument in a position exposed for useor in a position as for storage, out of theway in cabinet structure are classified else-where. See References to Other Classes,below.

(1) Note. This class (396) provides for a cam-era which includes a detailed light-exclud-ing case, casing, or housing. See SubclassReferences to the Current Class, below. FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS INCLASS 396In establishing new Class 396, only a por-tion of the foreign patents/nonpatent litera-ture from old Class 354 was reclassifiedalong with the U.S. patents into subclasses1-661 of the new Class 396 schedule.Those Class 354 subclasses with foreignpatents/nonpatent literature which were notreclassified into subclasses 1-661 of Class396 had these documents transferreddirectly to equivalent foreign art collectionsmaintaining their original titles and posi-tioning.Those Class 354 subclasses with foreignpatents/nonpatent literature which werereclassified into subclasses 1-661 of Class396 have no equivalent foreign art collec-tions. The Class 396 subclasses havingassociated foreign patent/nonpatent litera-ture are as follows: 1-5, 14-47, 207-209,246-256, 268-276, 281-296, 301-309, 322-350, 429-434, 438, 505-563, and 661.The foreign art collections in Class 396(subclasses FOR 700 - FOR 971) areintended only for receiving foreign patents/nonpatent literature.In subclasses 1-661, references to foreignart collections under “SEARCH THISCLASS, SUBCLASS” are intended only asa guide and consideration should be givento the remaining set of foreign art collec-tions in completing a search.Definitions of the foreign art collectionswere excerpted from the correspondingClass 354 subclass definitions.

SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TOTHE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:30+, for the combination of a camera and develop-

ing apparatus not limited to photocopying.

535+, provide for a camera which includes a detailedlight-excluding case, casing, or housing.

579, for gas treatment of claimed specific materialsuch as “diazo” sheet material.

580+, for fluid treating apparatus for treating super-imposed or laminar sheets.

589+, for the combination of fluid treating apparatusand a dark cabinet wherein the light-excludingfeatures are claimed.

SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHERCLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,

subclass 100 for wiping-type, photographic-film cleaners.

33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 266 for astraight line light ray geometrical instrumentwhich is camera mounted, subclass 314 forimpressing an indication of a borehole direc-tion or inclination on a photosensitive record,subclass 334 for an indicator of the direction offorce traversing a natural medium which isstructurally installed on a camera and related toa feature thereof, and subclass 615 for a contactmember which facilitates the positioning of aphotographic element or element holder at adesired spacing with respect to a support.

34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, is the generic class for the contacting of solidswith either, or both, gases or vapors. Class 34provides for the apparatus which merely claimsa gas generator, such as ammonia, with meansfor containing the gas for treating “photo-graphic” material and may include means forhandling or feeding the material in or into thegas treatment area. The inclusion of heatingmeans for vaporizing liquid or solid ammoni-ated compounds to release ammonia gas orvapor does not preclude classification in Class34.

40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclasses361+ for a photographic transparency viewer.

73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 1.42+ forcamera shutter proving or calibrating.

74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriatesubclasses for an element of a camera; e.g.,gear, cam, etc.

75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Composi-tions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal


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Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Partic-ulate Mixtures, subclass 417 for processes pro-ducing free metal from photographic waste at300 degrees Centigrade or greater combinedwith a step at less than 300 degrees Centigradeand using a liquid nonmetallic material, sub-class 635 for processes recovering silver fromphotographic material at 300 degrees Centi-grade or greater, and subclass 713 for processesproducing free metal from photographic mate-rial below 300 degrees Centigrade using a liq-uid nonmetallic material.

83, Cutting, subclass 948 for a Cross-reference ArtCollection relating to photographic film cut-ting.

116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 213 for anindicator with a camera merely providing sup-port.

134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, sub-class 64 for apparatus exhibiting liquid contactwith a longitudinally travelling strip (e.g., pho-tographic) where there are sequential work-treating stations or a station with means totransfer work or fluid-applying devices, andsubclass 122 for apparatus exhibiting liquidcontact with a longitudinally travelling strip(e.g., photographic). Class 134, is the genericclass for apparatus for contacting solids withliquids for any purpose not provided for inother classes. The Class 134 definitions shouldbe referred to for the classification of patentsdirected to subcombinations of fluid treatingapparatus.

156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemi-cal Manufacture, subclass 58 for miscellaneouschemical manufacturing methods of contour orprofile photography to reproduce a three-dimensional object.

178, Telegraphy, subclass 15 and 90, for telegraphyincluding a photographic operation.

206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass 316.2for a special camera receptacle or packagereceptacles particularly constructed to containa camera such as having a special shape andinterior arrangement provided with shelves,racks, or arrangements of clasps or retainingdevices for holding a camera. .

224, Package and Article Carriers, provides fordevices for carrying a camera wherein meansare provided that are especially adapted to besupported upon a person"s body; subclass 908for a Cross-reference Art Collection relating toa photographic (e.g., camera) carrier.

235, Registers, subclass 64.7 for a mechanical pho-tographic calculator, and subclass 91 for adevice (e.g., photograph) operated register.

242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses324+ for an unwinding and rewinding coil-to-coil machine convertible information carrier(e.g., magnetic tape or photographic film, etc.)cartridge system, or subclasses 615+ for aresidual guide or guard that directs elongatedflexible material that may be combined withmore than one nominal winding structure.

248, Supports, appropriate subclasses, for a devicewhich carries the weight of an article or other-wise holds or steadies it against the pull ofgravity, and a device for holding an article toits support.

250, Radiant Energy, subclass 214 for a specialphotocell or electron tube circuit (includingphotographic control), subclasses 363.02+ for aluminophor body scanner or camera with radi-ant energy source, subclasses 475.2+ for photo-graphic-type detection of invisible radiation,and subclasses 580+ for the making of a photo-graph by invisible radiation generally. A cam-era or part thereof which may be used to take aphotograph by visible light as well as by ultra-violet or infrared rays is in Class 396. Picturemaking by a Class 250 device combined with aClass 396 device is provided for in Class 250.

252, Compositions, subclasses 582+ for optical fil-ter composition and optical filter defined onlyin terms of its composition.

283, Printed Matter, subclass 77 for a photographicpersonal identifier with revealable concealedinformation, and subclass 112 for a photographand revealable concealed information which isplastic laminated.

292, Closure Fasteners, Digest 48, for a cameracover fastener.

294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 139 for an optical instrument supportper se to be gripped and carried by hand.

312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, subclass 10.1,provides for cabinet structure designed tohouse picture machines or films or other highlyinflammable material and subclasses 21+ pro-vide cabinets for housing and supportinginstruments so that relative guided motionbetween the instrument and the cabinet struc-ture results in placement of the instrument in aposition exposed for use or in a position as forstorage, out of the way in cabinet structure.Some of the patents include the instrumenthoused by name only but in general if any


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instrument structure is recited, the combinationis classified with the instrument.

313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, for non-combustible incandescent lamps, where the fil-ament is not intended to be burned orconsumed and for gas discharge lamps of the“electronic flash” type.

315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Sys-tems, provides for the combination of a Class313 light source and the electrical circuitry forenergizing the same.

340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 937 for avehicle detector with camera.

342, Communications, Directive Radio Wave Sys-tems and Devices (e.g., RADAR, Radio Navi-gation), subclass 66 for a directive radio wavesystem where the return signal controls a cam-era.

346, Recorders, particularly subclasses 107.1+ forthe subject matter of that class combined with aphotographic step or apparatus.

348, Television, appropriate subclasses and particu-larly subclasses 272+ and 294+ for an elec-tronic camera with a semiconductor matrix inplace of film or a CCD device.

351, Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing andCorrecting, subclasses 206+ for an eye exam-ining instrument with eye photography.

352, Optics: Motion Pictures, appropriate sub-classes for motion picture method or apparatus,especially subclass 51 for methods of record-ing a series of drawings using photographicimages as guides, subclass 137 for a motionpicture camera structurally convertible to a stillcamera, and subclass 169 for a motion picturecamera which can selectively record a singleframe.

353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclasses 5+ for aprojection system for mapping or aerial photo-graph rectifying.

355, Photocopying, for photographically copyinginformation from an original or carrier that isnot classified elsewhere, while generallyemploying a concentrated source of light andan image receiving medium with a photosensi-tive emulsion surface; subclasses 27+, 100,and 106+ for combinations of photocopyingapparatus and developing apparatus.

356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriatesubclasses for measuring or testing combinedwith photographic recording provided forthere, subclass 3 for rangefinder, subclasses213+ for photometers, subclass 302 for dis-persed light spectroscopy using a photographic

medium, subclass 404 for photographic lightwave frequency analysis, and subclasses 443+for light transmission or absorption analysis ofphotographic film.

358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, subclass 302 for facsimile photographicrecording, subclass 527 for a color facsimilephotographic previewer, and subclass 909.1 fora Cross-reference Art Collection related to anelectronic still camera with a semiconductormatrix in place of film.

359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication)and Elements, appropriate subclasses for opti-cal subcombinations of a camera, and subclass564 for optical Fourier transform spatial filter-ing with photographic media.

361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses 248+ for circuits of general utilityfor igniting combustible or explosive devices,such as rockets or dynamite.

362, Illumination, for the combination of an artifi-cial light source with a protector, support ordistributor; subclasses 3+ specifically for pho-tographic lights.

366, Agitating, subclass 166 provides for mixingchambers of the print washer-type includingspecified feed means without a separate workholder where turbulence or agitation will inher-ently occur during normal usage.

369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclass 125 for dynamic information storageor retrieval having a photographic storagemedium.

378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices,appropriate subclasses, particularly subclasses167+ for methods and apparatus for makingpictures of animate and inanimate objects bythe action of X-rays and gamma rays.

386, Motion Video Signal Processing for Recordingor Reproducing, appropriate subclasses forrecording television or video signal.

399, Electrophotography, subclasses 9+ for diag-nostics, subclasses 38+ for controls, subclasses130+ for image formation, subclasses 168+ forcharging, subclasses 177+ for exposure, sub-classes 222+ for development, subclasses237+ for liquid development; subclasses 297+for transfer, subclasses 320+ for fixing, sub-classes 343+ for cleaning, and subclasses 361+for document handling.

427, Coating Processes, appropriate subclasses forthe method of making a filter by coating.


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428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, sub-classes 98+ for a structurally defined devel-oped film or photographic print, subclasses195+ for a structurally defined sheet with dis-continuous or differential coating such as aretouched photograph, subclasses 221+ for adeveloped film or photographic print in whichan element or component is structurallydefined, and subclasses 411.1 for a developedfilm or photographic print defined merely bythe composition of its layers.

430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Com-position, or Product Thereof, appropriate sub-classes for radiation imagery chemistry involv-ing process, composition, and product.

431, Combustion, subclasses 357+ for combustibleilluminating flash devices such as photographicbulbs, and subclass 362 provides for electricalcircuitry for electrically igniting a combustiblelight source.

446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclass 408 for asimulated camera toy providing a sound.

493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper;or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, subclasses 53+ for rigid container making withphotographic reproduction, subclasses 187+for pliable container making with photographicreproduction, and subclass 270 for tube makingwith photographic reproduction, and sub-classes 320+ for manufacturing from a sheet orweb with photographic reproduction.

536, Organic Compounds, subclass 40 for recover-ing nitrated cellulose from photographic film,and subclass 78 for recovering cellulose acetatefrom photographic film.

600, Surgery, subclass 525 for electric heartbeat sig-nal recording using a CRT and camera.

702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, orTesting, subclasses 182+ for performance orefficiency evaluation.

D16, Photography and Optical Equipment, sub-classes 200+ for design patents relating to cam-eras or bodies therefor, and subclasses 237+ fordesign patents relating to photographic acces-sories.

D21, Games, Toys, and Sports Goods, subclass 514for design patents relating to toy cameras andphotographic type toys.

SECTION V - GLOSSARY

APERTURE

An aperture is an opening in the camera through whichlight passes in order to expose a photographic medium.

APERTURE VALUE (AV)

Aperture value is a logarithmic number indicative ofaperture size.

CAMERA

A camera is a device which, when actuated, uses light torecord an image of an object which may be chemicallydevelopable to become visible. It generally includes (a)a light-tight enclosure, (b) a lens for forming an imageof an object at an image plane, (c) a holder for a photo-graphic medium at the image plane, (d) a device to con-trol the light flux reaching the photographic medium,and (e) an opaque device selectively operable to passlight to a photographic medium for a period of time. SeeReferences to Other Classes, above (e.g., Classes 250and 378), for information regarding picture-makingdevices of diverse energy spectra.

CAMERA STRUCTURE

Camera structure is that subcombination of a camera nototherwise provided for in another class.

DEVELOPING APPARATUS

Developing apparatus is that which makes a photo-graphic image visible.

DIAPHRAGM

A diaphragm is a device to change the light flux passingthrough the aperture.

EXPOSURE

Exposure is the act of allowing light to reach the photo-graphic medium.

EXPOSURE CONTROL CIRCUIT

An exposure control circuit is an electronic circuit tocontrol the exposure.

EXPOSURE OBJECTIVE

An exposure objective is an objective that focuses lightfrom the object onto a photographic medium.


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EXPOSURE SYSTEM

An exposure system is one that has means to regulate oradjust an amount of light reaching the photographicmedium.

EXPOSURE TIME

Exposure time is the length of time an exposure occurs.

EXPOSURE TIME VALUE (TV)

Exposure time value is a logarithmic number indicativeof exposure time.

EXPOSURE VALUE (EV)

Exposure value is the sum of the aperture value andexposure time value.

FLASH DEVICE

A flash device is a means to produce one or more burstsof light to provide scene illumination for exposure.

FOCUSING

Focusing is the act of obtaining a sharp image of a sub-ject by adjusting a lens system.

FRAME

A frame is the space or area on a photographic mediumnormally occupied by one picture.

IN-FOCUS

An in-focus condition occurs when an object imageattains its sharpness.

LIGHT FLUX

Light flux is the rate of light flow across a surface.

OBJECT (OR SUBJECT)

An object or a subject refers to a person or thing withinthe scene to be recorded on a photographic medium.

OBJECTIVE

An objective is a lens that normally faces the object.See Class 359 for a more specific definition.

PHOTOGRAPHIC MEDIUM

A photographic medium is a material coated with achemical that is photosensitive to actinic light.

RANGEFINDING

Rangefinding is the act of measuring the distance from asubject to the camera.

SCENE

A scene is the view to be recorded on a photographicmedium.

SHUTTER

A shutter is a device for blocking or unblocking the pas-sage of light for controlling the exposure time.

SUBCLASSES

1 STUDIO STRUCTURE: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to assist intaking a photograph which is not part of a cam-era or attached to a camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:348, Television, subclass 722 for television

studio equipment.359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-

nication) and Elements, subclasses591+ for means for illuminatingbuilding interiors with outside light.

362, Illumination, appropriate subclassesfor artificial illumination generally.

2 Photo booth:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.Subject matter comprising a self-contained,relatively small studio enclosure which permitsautomatic photography of an individual orsmall group.

3 Background or foreground: This subclass is indented under subclass 1.Subject matter having means auxiliary to a pri-mary object which are included in a photo-graph to produce a scenic effect.


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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Parti-

tion, or Panel, appropriate subclassesfor backgrounds in the form of pluralstrips, slats, or panels interconnectedfor relative motion, where only thestructure thereof, with or withoutoperating, mounting, or housingmeans, are claimed and no featuresspecialized to photography (such assurface characteristics of the back-ground or particular relation to theobject to be photographed) areclaimed.

352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclasses88+ for sets used in motion pictures.

4 Lighting:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.Subject matter including detailed studio illumi-nating means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:155+, for camera structure combined with

object illuminating means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:362, Illumination, subclasses 3+ for photo-

graphic lighting, per se.

5 Object support:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.Subject matter including structure for main-taining an object at a desired position duringstudio photography.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:310+, for camera data recording.419+, for camera support, in general.556+, for phototype composing which may

include diverse-type stencil carrier.

6 DISPOSABLE OR RECYCLABLE CAM-ERA:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter in which a camera bodystructure is loaded with film at a factory andthe entire structure is returned to the factory forremoval and processing of the film.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:535+, for a camera body detail.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:399, Electrophotography, subclass 109 for

remanufacturing of electrophoto-graphic parts.

7 AERIAL CAMERA: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter wherein a camera is spe-cifically adapted for aerial photography or iscombined with or specially adapted for attach-ment to a support which is at a practically inac-cessible altitude or is combined with meansspecially adapted for controlling exposures atinaccessible altitudes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:FOR 756+, for foreign art collections involving

aerial cameras.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:348, Television, subclasses 144+ for televi-

sion cameras adapted for aerial view-ing.

359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-nication) and Elements, subclass 820for lens mounts with means to com-pensate for temperature change.

8 Having shutter or film feed speed and air orspin speed synchronizing:This subclass is indented under subclass 7.Subject matter wherein the camera is intendedto be mounted on an air vehicle and has meansfor varying the speed of the shutter or photo-graphic medium feeding mechanism inresponse to a change in the speed of the airvehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:387+, for camera structure with film drive in

general.FOR 757,for a foreign art collection involving

an aerial camera having shutter orfilm speed and air or spin speed syn-chronizing.


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9 Simultaneous recording of plural images:This subclass is indented under subclass 7.Subject matter wherein two or more images arerecorded at the same time.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:322+, for plural image recording in general.FOR 759+, for foreign art collections involving

an aerial camera having simultaneousrecording of plural images.

10 Plural images recorded on plural film:This subclass is indented under subclass 9.Subject matter wherein the plural images arerecorded on separate photographic media.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:322+, for plural image recording in general.FOR 760, for a foreign art collection involving

an aerial camera having plural imagesrecorded on plural film.

11 Including continuously moving film:This subclass is indented under subclass 7.Subject matter wherein a film is shifted withoutinterruption during the recording of a singleexposure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:20+, for a scanning camera.387+, for camera structure with film drive in

general.FOR 762, for a foreign art collection involving

an aerial camera including continu-ously moving film.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:352, Optics: Motion Pictures, appropriate

subclasses for recording of motionpictures.

12 Support or holder:This subclass is indented under subclass 7.Subject matter including means for supportingthe camera against gravity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:419+, for camera support, in general.

FOR 765, for a foreign art collection involvingan aerial camera having support orholder.

13 Having stabilizing (e.g., gyroscope, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 12.Subject matter wherein the camera support hasa stabilizing system to compensate for themovement of the structure to which the supportis mounted.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:55, for systems which actually sense cam-

era shake and provide subsequent sta-bilization.

FOR 761, for a foreign art collection involvingan aerial camera having direction sta-bilizing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:74, Machine Element or Mechanism, sub-

classes 5+ for gyroscopes.

14 BODY EXAMINATION PHOTOGRAPHY: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter wherein a camera isadapted to photograph a living being or portionthereof for subsequent identification or inspec-tion.

15 Skin ridge pattern (e.g., fingerprint):This subclass is indented under subclass 14.Subject matter wherein a camera is adapted tophotograph distinctive elongated raised areasof a skin surface.

(1) Note. This typically comprises finger-print photography but may also includecomparable photography of a palm orsole of foot.

16 Mouth, jaw, or tooth:This subclass is indented under subclass 14.Subject matter wherein a camera is adapted fordental-type photography.

17 Endoscope:This subclass is indented under subclass 14.Subject matter wherein a camera is attached toa device which may be inserted within the bodythrough a relatively small opening.


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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:348, Television, subclasses 65+ for a video

endoscope.385, Optical Waveguides, subclasses 117+

for an optical fiber bundle endoscope,per se.

600, Surgery, subclasses 101+ for a surgi-cal endoscope with illuminatingmeans which may or may not includean imaging device such as a camera.

18 Eye photography:This subclass is indented under subclass 14.Subject matter wherein a camera is adapted tophotograph the exterior or interior of an eye.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:51, for eye gaze tracking.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:351, Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Test-

ing and Correcting, subclasses 206+for an objective-type eye examiningor testing instrument that includes stillor motion picture photographic appa-ratus.

19 HOLLOW CAVITY TYPE: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter wherein a camera is spe-cifically adapted for use in photographing theinterior of a hollow cavity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:17, for a camera with endoscope.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:346, Recorders, subclass 107.2 for well-

bore photographic recorders.348, Television, subclasses 65+, 84, and 85

for television cameras adapted for usein endoscopes, pipelines, or well-bores, respectively.

20 SCANNING CAMERA: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter including camera struc-ture wherein there is relative motion betweenthe lens and a light sensitive surface in order toincrease the angular extent of the view cov-ered.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:11, for an aerial camera making a single

exposure on a continuously movingfilm.

436, for variable frame masking producinga wide aspect ratio photograph.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:248, Supports, appropriate subclasses and

particularly subclass 349.1 for a rotat-able support base.

352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclasses69+ for a motion picture panoramiccamera.

21 Including reflector: This subclass is indented under subclass 20.Subject matter which utilizes a mirrorlike ele-ment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:351, for means to reflect an image to film

in general.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-

nication) and Elements, subclasses838+ for a mirror, per se.

22 Concave film surface: This subclass is indented under subclass 20.Subject matter wherein a photographic mediumsurface is bent into the form of a partial cylin-der and the exposure is made upon the innercylindrical surface.

23 Convex film surface: This subclass is indented under subclass 20.Subject matter wherein a photographic mediumsurface is bent into the form of a partial cylin-der and exposure is made upon the outer cylin-drical surface.

24 Synchronization of film and camera move-ment: This subclass is indented under subclass 20.Subject matter including means to apply aforce to photographic medium surfaces toeffect motion, and means which operates intime relationship therewith to apply a force to


February 2011

the camera to effect its motion during expo-sure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:8, for shutter/film speed with air/spin

speed synchronizing.11, for an aerial camera utilizing continu-

ously moving film.387+, for camera structure and film drive, in

general.

25 UNDERWATER, WATERPROOF, ORWATER-RESISTANT CAMERA: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter wherein a camera is pro-vided with means for protection from liquidintrusion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:535+, for a generic camera housing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:348, Television, subclass 81 for television

cameras adapted for use in underwaterenvironments.

26 Fluid pressure detection or modification:This subclass is indented under subclass 25.Subject matter which senses or changes gas orliquid pressure in the immediate vicinity of thecamera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses

700+ for a fluid pressure gauge.

27 Camera removable from handheld casing:This subclass is indented under subclass 25.Subject matter including a camera portionreadily separable from a manually supportedenclosure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:420+, for a camera with operator support, in

general.

28 Having illumination device:This subclass is indented under subclass 25.Subject matter including structure providinglight to an underwater object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:155+, for object exposure illumination, in

general.

29 Handheld camera:This subclass is indented under subclass 25.Subject matter wherein the camera is manuallysupported.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:420+, for a camera with operator support, in

general.

30 SELF-DEVELOPING CAMERA:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having camera structureand developing means which are enclosed in alight excluding case in which a photographicmedium may be subjected to one or more fluid-treating operations, such as sensitizing, devel-oping, etc.

(1) Note. For classification herein, the cam-era and treating devices must be in a sin-gle light excluding case or connected bya light excluding chamber.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:527, for plate or cut film assemblies, per

se, which include processing chemi-cals.

564+, for photographic fluid treating appara-tus, per se.

31 Including means to treat superimposedmaterial: This subclass is indented under subclass 30.Subject matter wherein an image-exposedsheet or strip is brought into contact with a sec-ond sheet or strip and means to treat the sheetor strip with a fluid.

(1) Note. Generally a sheet with an exposedimage thereon and a second (receptor)sheet are brought into contact after afluid has been applied thereto to transferthe image from one sheet to the other.


1February 2011

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:580+, for fluid-treating apparatus, per se, for

treating superimposed or laminarsheets.

32 Including pressure means: This subclass is indented under subclass 31.Subject matter having means to apply a press-ing force to facilitate the dispensing of process-ing fluids to the image-exposed sheet.

(1) Note. This subclass includes the collaps-ing of a rupturable container of fluid torelease the fluid on the sheet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:582+, for treating superimposed or laminar

sheets with fluid dispensing appara-tus, per se.

33 Roller: This subclass is indented under subclass 32.Subject matter wherein the means to apply apressing force has a peripheral surface in theshape of a cylinder.

(1) Note. The roller must be for the purposeof dispensing the fluid as distinguishedfrom rollers which may be used to moveor press the sheets without a fluid dis-pensing action.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:31, for a roller dispensing the fluid by a

wetting action rather than a pressingaction and with superimposed sheets.

42, for a fluid roller applicator not limitedto superimposed sheets.

34 Light shield:This subclass is indented under subclass 33.Subject matter which includes light blocking ata photographic medium exit slot.

35 Tab:This subclass is indented under subclass 33.Subject matter wherein a small projection fromthe side of a camera is pulled to provide motiveforce to remove a photographic medium there-from.

36 Ejecting:This subclass is indented under subclass 33.Subject matter which provides means to propela photographic medium from the camera.

37 Having pick:This subclass is indented under subclass 36.Subject matter having a claw member whichmoves a photographic medium into engage-ment with the ejecting means.

38 Exposed photographic medium engaging orholding:This subclass is indented under subclass 33.Subject matter having means to handle orretain a photographic medium following expo-sure.

39 Holding chamber:This subclass is indented under subclass 38.Subject matter wherein the retaining meanscomprises a container attached to or an integralpart of a camera.

40 Mechanical detail of roller or roller drive:This subclass is indented under subclass 33.Subject matter which recites particularmechanical structure of the roller or drivemechanism therefor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:584, for roller details in fluid treating appa-

ratus which operates on superimposedsheets.

41 Operating on rolled material: This subclass is indented under subclass 33.Subject matter wherein one of the sheets orstrips is wound into the form of a cylinder.

42 Including fluid applicator: This subclass is indented under subclass 30.Subject matter having a supply of treating fluidand including means for dispensing said fluidonto light sensitive material.

(1) Note. The fluid applicator is a saturatedweb, wetting roll, sprayer, doctor blade,etc.


February 2011

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:564+, for various fluid applicator apparatus,

per se, and especially subclasses582+, 604+, 625, and 627.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:399, Electrophotography, subclasses 239+

for liquid application members in anelectrophotographic device.

43 Including film processing tank: This subclass is indented under subclass 30.Subject matter having a receptacle or containerfor holding the developing fluid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:636+, for a film or print processing vessel.

44 And means to move film: This subclass is indented under subclass 43.Subject matter including active means to pro-pel light sensitive material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:387+, for camera structure with film drive,

in general.

45 Having tank filling means: This subclass is indented under subclass 44.Subject matter including a supply source offluid and means for dispensing the fluid in thetank.

46 Operating on rolled photographic medium: This subclass is indented under subclass 44.Subject matter having a supply of light sensi-tive material wound into the form of a cylinder.

47 Plural tanks: This subclass is indented under subclass 44.Subject matter having two or more receptaclesor containers.

48 CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR SEQUENCINGAT LEAST THREE FUNCTIONS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter including a circuit to coor-dinate three or more major camera operations(e.g., coordination of focus operation, exposurecontrol, and film advancing; coordination of

self-timer operation, photometering, and focusoperation; etc.).

49 SELF-ORGANIZING SYSTEM:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to self-orga-nize previously set camera parameters in orderto make decisions about subsequent camerasettings.

(1) Note. This includes systems utilizingneural networks, fuzzy logic, and otherartificial intelligence circuits.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:706, Data Processing: Artificial Intelli-

gence, appropriate subclasses for arti-ficial intelligence circuits.

50 ATTITUDE SENSING: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to detectorientation of a camera.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:52+, for camera shake sensing.

51 EYE TRACKING: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to detectgaze direction or visual axis of a camera opera-tor's eye.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:18, for a camera particularly adapted for

eye photography.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:348, Television, subclass 333.03 for dis-

play of a frame and line of sight deter-mination.

52 CAMERA SHAKE SENSING: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to detectvibration of a camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:73, Measuring or Testing, subclasses

570+ for vibration measuring.


1February 2011

53 With accelerometer:This subclass is indented under subclass 52.Subject matter having a device that detectsacceleration of the camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:73, Measuring or Testing, subclasses

488+ for acceleration measuring.

54 With photoarray:This subclass is indented under subclass 52.Subject matter having an array of photoele-ments to detect the camera vibration.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g.,

Transistors, Solid-State Diodes), sub-classes 443+ for a light-sensitivearray consisting of solid-state ele-ments.

55 Having stabilization system:This subclass is indented under subclass 52.Subject matter having a means to compensatefor vibration of the camera.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:13, for an aerial camera with stabilizing.421, for an operator camera support with

stabilization not having camera shakedetecting.

56 HAVING WIRELESS REMOTE CON-TROL:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to control acamera from a distance by electromagnetic sig-nals or sound (e.g., voice).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:297+, for nonremote operator controlled

data entry into a camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:359, Optical Communications, subclasses

106 through 114 for generic opticalcommunication remote control.

399, Electrophotography, subclass 8 forremote monitoring of an electrophoto-graphic device or component.

57 Camera system data/mode entry:This subclass is indented under subclass 56.Subject matter wherein the means sets cameraparameters.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:297+, for nonremote operator controlled

data entry into a camera.

58 Camera aiming:This subclass is indented under subclass 56.Subject matter wherein the means changes thecamera field of view.

59 Camera release:This subclass is indented under subclass 56.Subject matter wherein the means starts anexposure cycle.

(1) Note. Excluded herein is a camerarelease initiated by a mere burst of lightfrom an object exposure illuminationmeans which activates a photocell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:171, for object exposure illumination

means which may activate a photocellfor camera release.

263+, for a camera release control circuit ingeneral.

502+, for a mechanical shutter release oractuator means.

60 PSEUDO ZOOM:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to designateand record the location of a portion of a stan-dard size photographic frame which, duringsubsequent printing of such portion, simulatesthe use of a variable focal length lens at thetime of the original exposure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:72+, for camera structure with a variable

focal length camera objective (e.g.,zoom, etc.).

311, for generic recording of photographicdata used in subsequent processing.

435+, for variable frame masking by anopaque element.


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61 FLASH SYSTEM RESPONSIVE TOFOCAL LENGTH OR DISTANCE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter wherein an artificial illu-mination means or a circuit controlling the arti-ficial illumination means is adjusted inaccordance with the focal length of the expo-sure objective or the distance from the camerato an object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:155+, for object exposure illumination in

general.FOR 771+, for foreign art collections involving

object illumination with camera struc-ture.

62 Illumination angle responds to focal lengthor distance:This subclass is indented under subclass 61.Subject matter wherein an output light beamarea of the artificial light varies according tothe focal length of the exposure objective.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:175, for a variable illumination angle

device, in general.

63 EXPOSURE CONTROL SYSTEMRESPONSIVE TO FOCAL LENGTH:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter wherein a shutter or dia-phragm mechanism is adjusted in accordancewith the focal length of an exposure objective.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:213+, for camera exposure control circuit in


a camera automatic exposure controlsystem or device.

64 Control of full open aperture value:This subclass is indented under subclass 63.Subject matter wherein the effective maximumaperture size is responsive to focal length.

65 EXPOSURE CONTROL SYSTEMRESPONSIVE TO DISTANCE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter including means to adjusta shutter or diaphragm in accordance with thedistance from the camera to an object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:213+, for camera exposure control circuit in


a camera automatic exposure controlsystem or device.

66 With linear solenoid or rotary motor:This subclass is indented under subclass 65.Subject matter wherein the adjusting meansincludes a prime mover using electromotiveforce to produce a mechanical rotation or trans-lation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and

Devices, subclasses 139+ for controlcircuits of electromechanical devices.

67 Electric distance signal:This subclass is indented under subclass 65.Subject matter including a circuit for producinga signal indicative of the distance between thecamera and an object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:281+, for a camera indicator, in general.

68 Selective guide number:This subclass is indented under subclass 65.Subject matter including a manually adjustablemember to input to the adjusting means a valuerelated to the light output capability of an illu-mination means.

69 Low light activated:This subclass is indented under subclass 65.Subject matter including means to detect theamount of scene light and to enable the adjust-ing means when the amount of scene light isbelow a preset level.


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70 Having indicator:Subject matter under 65 including means toconvey photographic related information to thecamera operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:281+, for a camera indicator, in general.

71 HAVING LENS CONVERTER OREXTENSION TUBE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter including a unit remov-ably mounted to the exposure objective whichalters the focal length or permits closeup pho-tography.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:73+, for lens substitution-type focal length

modification.530, for an adapter providing mechanical

interface between a lens having onetype of mount and a camera having adifferent type of mount.

544+, for a camera attachment, per se.

72 HAVING VARIABLE FOCAL LENGTHOF CAMERA OBJECTIVE: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having camera structureand means to change the focal length of anexposure objective.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:60, for a camera with pseudo zoom capa-

bility.


nication) and Elements, subclasses676+ for a lens, per se, with variablemagnification (e.g., zoom).

73 Lens moves in or out of light path:This subclass is indented under subclass 72.Subject matter wherein a lens may be insertedor removed from the photographic light path.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:71, for a converter which may be remov-

ably attached to an exposure objectiveto vary focal length.


nication) and Elements, subclasses672+ for a lens, per se, having selec-tive magnification by exchanging alens component.

74 Turret type:This subclass is indented under subclass 73.Subject matter including a rotating disc or tableto insert or remove a lens from the photo-graphic light path.

75 Motorized lens displacement:This subclass is indented under subclass 73.Subject matter wherein the lens is moved in orout of the light path by a motor.

76 Manually selected preset zoom position orrange:This subclass is indented under subclass 72.Subject matter including a device to move theexposure objective to a memorized zoom posi-tion or within a zoom range manually chosenby a camera operator.

77 Automatic change of focal length:This subclass is indented under subclass 72.Subject matter wherein the focal length of acamera objective is adjusted in accordancewith a sensed condition without operator inter-vention.

78 Constant image size:This subclass is indented under subclass 77.Subject matter wherein the exposure objectiveis adjusted to maintain the size of an imageunchanged (e.g., as the object moves furtheraway or closer to the camera).

79 Having focus operation:This subclass is indented under subclass 72.Subject matter including means to adjust thesharpness of an object image for focus com-pensation.


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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:89+, for camera exposure objective focus-

ing, in general.FOR 700+, for foreign art collections involving

automatic camera focusing.FOR 835+, for foreign art collections involving

manual camera focusing.

80 Including focus/distance detecting circuit:This subclass is indented under subclass 79.Subject matter which has a circuit which pro-duces a signal representative of a focus condi-tion or range to an object.

81 And focal length responsive memory:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.Subject matter having an electronic static stor-age means containing data used to maintainfocus of the exposure objective system as thefocal length is varied.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:365, Static Information Storage and

Retrieval, particularly subclasses103+, 114+, and 174+ for a static stor-age element comprising semiconduc-tor material.

82 Focus position adjusted according to focallength:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.Subject matter wherein objective focusing ismodified by a change in focal length.

83 Having mechanical interlock:This subclass is indented under subclass 79.Subject matter having a mechanical connectionbetween compensator and variator elements ofthe exposure objective in order to maintainfocus as the focal length is varied.

84 Having direct viewfinder:This subclass is indented under subclass 72.Subject matter having a viewfinder with anoptical path separate from the optical path tothe photosensitive medium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:373+, for camera structure with viewfinder,

in general.

FOR 859+, for foreign art collections involvinga camera viewfinder.

85 Power zoom:This subclass is indented under subclass 72.Subject matter wherein a motor drives theexposure objective to change focal length.


nication) and Elements, subclasses696+ for a variable magnification(e.g., zoom) lens, per se, having motordriven adjustment.

86 Speed control or step driving:This subclass is indented under subclass 85.Subject matter wherein the velocity of theexposure objective is regulated or where theexposure objective is moved in discrete incre-ments.

87 Having position sensor:This subclass is indented under subclass 85.Subject matter which includes a device whichdetects the location of the exposure objective.

88 Having indicator:This subclass is indented under subclass 72.Subject matter having means to convey infor-mation to the camera operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:281+, for camera structure with display in


a camera indicator.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:345, Computer Graphics Processing and

Selective Visual Display Systems, appropriate subclasses for a selectivedisplay in general.

89 WITH EXPOSURE OBJECTIVE FOCUS-ING MEANS, FOCUSING AID, ORRANGEFINDING MEANS: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means for adjust-ing the relative spacing between an exposureobjective and the photographic medium to altera sharpness of an object image; means forassisting a camera operator in making a visual


1February 2011

determination of image sharpness; or means formeasuring a distance from a camera to anobject.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:48, for control circuit for sequencing at

least three functions which mayinclude focusing.

79+, for camera structure with variablefocal length of an exposure objectiveincluding focusing means.

461, and 509, for diaphragm structures, perse, which may open for focusing orviewing.

534, for a camera hood which may be usedin focusing or viewing.

FOR 700+, for foreign art collections involvingautomatic camera focusing.

FOR 835+, for foreign art collections involvingmanual camera focusing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:250, Radiant Energy, subclass 201.1 for

photocell controlling its optical path.348, Television, subclasses 345+ for focus

control of video camera. 352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 140

for focus control with a motion pic-ture camera.

355, Photocopying, subclass 56 for auto-matic focusing of a projection printer.

356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, sub-classes 3+ for rangefinding, per se.

359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-nication) and Elements, subclasses694+ for zoom-type lens adjustingmechanism, and subclasses 823+ forlens mount adjusting mechanism.

90 Lens resetting:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter having means to drive the expo-sure objective to an initial position.

91 Lens characteristic compensating:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter having means to correct thefocusing or rangefinding means according to acondition (e.g., optical aberration, full openaperture, etc.) of the exposure objective.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:FOR 814, for a foreign art collection involving

rangefinder adjustably coupled withfocusing to compensate for change ofcamera lens.


nication) and Elements, subclass 637for path length or aberration correct-ing element in dividing, combining, orplural image forming, etc.

92 By selecting effective photoelements:This subclass is indented under subclass 91.Subject matter including means to chooseappropriate photosensitive elements for a con-dition of the exposure objective.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:100, for dual purpose photoelement in

exposure objective focusing means orrangefinding means.

111, for optical detail with photoelementsystem in exposure objective focusingmeans or rangefinding means.

172, for photocell measuring the light out-put of an artificial illumination means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 200+ for

generic photocell circuits.

93 By modifying electric focus or drive signal:This subclass is indented under subclass 91.Subject matter including means to correct thedata of a focus condition signal of the exposureobjective in accordance with a desired in-focuscondition signal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:332, Modulators, subclasses 123+ and

159+ for frequency or amplitude mod-ulation including stabilization, noisereduction, or compensation.

94 With mechanical rangefinder:This subclass is indented under subclass 91.Subject matter including means to alter aninterconnection between a nonelectricaldevice, which determines a distance from a


February 2011

camera to an object, and an exposure objectiveto compensate for exposure objectives havingdifferent characteristics.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:138+, for mechanical rangefinding means

for measuring the distance from thecamera to the object.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, sub-

classes 3+ for rangefinders, per se.

95 Having pursuit mode:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter having a means to predictmovement of the object for focusing the expo-sure objective.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:153, for actual detection of object motion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:348, Television, subclass 352 for video

camera, system, and detail withmotion detection in focus control.

96 Having accumulation photoarray and timecontrol means:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter having an array of photoele-ments that integrates an amount of lightreceived from the object over a time period forfocusing the object image and a means to varythe time period.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:54, for camera shake sensing using photo-

array.


generic photocell circuits.348, Television, subclass 332 for video

camera, system and detail with arrayof photocells.

97 Temperature compensating:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter having a means to correct forchanges in the operation of the focusing or

rangefinding means due to changes in tempera-ture of the surrounding atmosphere.


nication) and Elements, subclass 820for lens mount with temperature com-pensation or control.

98 Ambient light compensating:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter having a means to correct forchanges in the operation of the focusing orrangefinding means due to changes in light of ascene to be photographed.

99 With amplification control:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter wherein the means for focusingthe exposure objective includes a variable gaincircuit.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:330, Amplifiers, subclass 254 and 278+ for

semiconductor amplifying devicewith gain control means.

100 Dual purpose photoelement:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter having a light responsive ele-ment used for another purpose besides focusingor rangefinding.

(1) Note. A dual purpose photoelement is,for example, a photoelement that moni-tors the brightness of a scene and trans-mits signals to an automatic focusingcontrol circuit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:111, for optical detail with photoelement

system in focusing or rangefindingmeans.

162, for photocell in the termination con-trol of an illumination means.

171, for photocell used as a flash trigger.172, for photocell measuring the light out-

put of an artificial illumination means.




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101 With electronic filtering:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter including a circuit for eliminat-ing unwanted components of a signal from thefocusing or rangefinding means (e.g., spatialfiltering, frequency filtering, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non-

linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 551+ for unwanted signalsuppression using electrical nonlineardevices.

333, Wave Transmission Lines and Net-works, subclass 166 and 167+, fortime domain or frequency domain fil-ters.

702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrat-ing, or Testing, subclasses 190+ forsignal extraction or separation (e.g.,filtering).

708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Pro-cessing and Calculating, subclasses300+, and 819 for digital and analogfilters, respectively.

102 Having in-focus threshold adjustable:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter including a circuit for generat-ing a variable reference signal representingadequate sharpness of an object image (e.g., anin-focus condition of an object image).

103 Manually selected preset focus position orrange:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter including a circuit to move theexposure objective to a memorized focus posi-tion chosen by the camera operator or within amanually chosen focus range.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:76, for a manually selected preset zoom

position or range.

104 Reliability of focus/distance signal:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter including a circuit for judging aperformance of focusing or rangefinding.

105 Using sound:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter wherein the distance from thecamera to the object is determined by emittingor detecting sound.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:56, for camera controlled by electromag-

netic signals or sound.FOR 701, for a foreign art collection involving

camera autofocusing using sound.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:367, Communications, Electrical: Acous-

tic Wave Systems and Devices, sub-classes 99+ for an acoustic echo sys-tem, per se, for distance or directionfinding.

106 Having auxiliary illumination:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter which includes an artificial illu-mination source.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:4, for studio structure with lighting.28, for underwater, waterproof, or water

resistant camera having an illumina-tion device.

61+, for flash system responsive to focallength or distance.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:340, Communications: Electrical, sub-

class 541 for burglar alarms combinedwith means to photograph the burglar.

348, Television, subclasses 370+ for videocamera, system, and detail with objector scene illumination.

352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclasses198+ for projection light sources.

355, Photocopying, subclasses 67+ forillumination systems with a projectionprinter.

361, Electricity: Electrical Systems andDevices, subclasses 248+ for electri-cal circuits of general utility for ignit-ing combustible or explosive devices.

362, Illumination, subclasses 3+ for pho-tographic lighting, per se.


February 2011

431, Combustion, subclasses 357+ forcombustible illuminating flashdevices such as photographic bulbs.

107 Intersecting focusing lights:This subclass is indented under subclass 106.Subject matter having means to project lightrays from two separate stations within the cam-era to a common point on the object for focus-ing or rangefinding.


a camera rangefinder using focusinglights.

108 Intensity control:This subclass is indented under subclass 106.Subject matter having means to adjust thebrightness of the artificial illumination source.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:205, for power supply control in artificial

illumination means.

109 Having plural emitters:This subclass is indented under subclass 106.Subject matter having more than one artificialillumination source.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:362, Illumination, subclasses 11+ for pho-

tographic lighting with plural lightsources.

110 Scanning emitter:This subclass is indented under subclass 106.Subject matter wherein the artificial illumina-tion source emits light rays that move acrossthe object.

111 Optical detail with photoelement system:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter including a photoelement sys-tem and a specific light-modifying means usedto control focusing or rangefinding.


photoelectric-type, automatic camerafocusing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 201.2+

for photocell controlling its own opti-cal systems with automatic focus con-trol.

348, Television, subclasses 336+ for videocamera, system and detail with colorseparating optics.

359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-nication) and Elements, subclasses618+ for light dividing, combining, orplural image forming.

112 Double wedge prism:This subclass is indented under subclass 111.Subject matter wherein the light modifyingmeans includes at least two triangular shapedrefracting elements.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:353, Image Projectors, subclass 81 for

prism in an image projector light path.359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-

nication) and Elements, subclass 625for focusing or defocusing using non-curved surfaces (e.g., prismatic, etc.),subclass 640 for light-dividing, com-bining, or image-forming by pris-matic-type refractor, and subclass 837for a prism with refracting surface.

362, Illumination, subclass 339 for lightmodifier with prismatic type refractor.

113 Microprism or lenslet:This subclass is indented under subclass 111.Subject matter wherein the light modifyingmeans includes an array of refracting elementsproducing a plurality of identical images.


nication) and Elements, subclasses621+ for light dividing, combining, orplural image forming using plural len-ticular plates.

114 Dual reimage lens type:This subclass is indented under subclass 111.Subject matter wherein the light modifyingmeans includes two lenses behind the lens sys-tem for producing images of the object.


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115 Photosensor area with unique edge pattern:This subclass is indented under subclass 111.Subject matter wherein the photoelement sys-tem includes a photosensor area having a spe-cific edge configuration (e.g., a sawtooth, acurve, a ramp, etc.).

116 Scanning type:This subclass is indented under subclass 111.Subject matter wherein the light modifyingmeans includes a moving optical element otherthan an exposure objective.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:359, Optical: Systems and Elements, sub-

classes 209.1 through 211.6 for lightdeflection using a moving transmis-sive element and 212.1 through 221.1and 223.1 through 226.1 for deflec-tion using a moving reflective ele-ment.

117 Mirror type:This subclass is indented under subclass 116.Subject matter wherein the moving optical ele-ment is reflective.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:359, Optical: Systems and Elements, sub-

classes 212.1 through 221.1 and 223.1through 226.1 for deflection usi ng amoving reflective element.

118 Moving photocell:This subclass is indented under subclass 111.Subject matter wherein the photoelement sys-tem is moved.

(1) Note. A photocell is an electronic devicehaving electrical properties which varyin accordance with illumination.



119 Photoelements with different optical pathlengths:This subclass is indented under subclass 111.Subject matter wherein the photoelement sys-tem includes photoelements located at differentdistances from the exposure objective.

(1) Note. The different distances may be theresult of a light-modifying element thatchanges the distance the light travels(i.e., optical distance) which may be dif-ferent than the distance measured by aruler (i.e., physical distance).



120 With Position Sensitive Device (PSD):This subclass is indented under subclass 111.Subject matter wherein the photoelement sys-tem is a light receiving element which can pro-duce two or more current outputs uponreceiving light from an object.

(1) Note. A distance from a camera to anobject is measured based on the ratio ofthe current outputs of the PSD.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 206.1 and

206.2 for position sensitive device inphotocell controlled circuit.

121 Plural focusing or rangefinding areas:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter including a circuit that obtainsdata from more than one object area for focus-ing or rangefinding.

122 Utilizing weight coefficients:This subclass is indented under subclass 121.Subject matter having a circuit to assign a pri-ority factor to each datum of the obtained data.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:104, for a circuit judging a performance of

focusing or rangefinding.

123 Automatic area selection:This subclass is indented under subclass 121.Subject matter wherein the object area isselected by a device using an algorithm fordetermining whether or not the object area is infocus.


February 2011

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:104, for a circuit judging a performance of

focusing or rangefinding.

124 Single focus area with variable size or loca-tion:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter having a photoarray and meansfor selecting a subset of the photoarray to per-form focusing or rangefinding.

125 Processing circuit:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter including details of an analyz-ing circuit that generates at least one signal forfocusing or rangefinding.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:102, for a circuit generating a variable ref-

erence signal of an in-focus condition.

126 Null type or zero-difference type:This subclass is indented under subclass 125.Subject matter wherein the processing circuitgenerates two signals and detects an in focuscondition when the two signals are essentiallyequal in magnitude.

(1) Note. An in-focus condition occurswhen the image of the object attains adesired sharpness.


linear Devices, Circuits and Systems, subclasses 63+ for an amplitude dis-criminator, per se, having pluralinputs.

127 Inflection point type:This subclass is indented under subclass 125.Subject matter wherein the processing circuitgenerates a signal and detects an in-focus con-dition when the signal is at a relative maximumor minimum magnitude (i.e., when the firstderivative of the signal function becomeszero).


linear Devices, Circuits and Systems, subclasses 58+ for signal extrema dis-criminating, per se.

128 Image correlation type:This subclass is indented under subclass 125.Subject matter wherein the processing circuitgenerates two image signals and determines thephase difference of the image signals for focus-ing or rangefinding.

129 Power supply control:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter wherein the means for adjustingan exposure objective includes details of anelectrical power generation, regulation, or con-trol circuitry.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:301+, for generic camera power supply.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regula-

tion Systems, appropriate subclassesfor power supply or regulation, ingeneral.

348, Television, subclass 372 for powersupply in video camera, system, anddetail.

130 Focus lock:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter including means to stop furtherfocusing or rangefinding once an in focus con-dition of the object is obtained to allow a cam-era operator to change an area of a scene to bephotographed while maintaining the in focuscondition.

131 Manually actuated power focus:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter wherein the means for adjustingthe exposure objective includes a manuallymanipulated member (e.g. lever, dial, knob,push button) and a motor (spring or electricaltype) responding to the manually manipulatedmember for displacing the exposure objectivefor focusing.


1February 2011

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:68, for manual manipulator in exposure

control system responsive to distance.216, for manual manipulator in exposure

control circuit with clamp or stop nee-dle device.

218, for manual manipulator in exposurecontrol circuit with direct drive galva-nometer device.

297+, for operator controlled data entry intocamera.

391, for a film drive double exposure pre-vention mechanism having manualoverride.

132 Dual purpose motor:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter having a single motor foradjusting the exposure objective and for con-trolling an exposure system.

133 Lens drive circuit or motor structure:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter wherein the means for adjustingthe exposure objective includes a circuit and amotor, or details of the motor structure,responding to the circuit for displacing theexposure objective. (e.g. motor drive controlcircuit, piezoelectric motor, wave motor).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:248, for shutter driven by piezoelectric

motor.256, for shutter controlled by stepping

motor.259+, for diaphragm controlled by stepping

motor.261, for diaphragm driven by piezoelectric

motor.


nication) and Elements, subclasses696+ for lens adjusting mechanismdriven by motor.

134 Backlash or jam detection:This subclass is indented under subclass 133.Subject matter which includes means to correcta deviation that occurs in the displacement of

the exposure objective or to detect a malfunc-tion of the exposure objective adjusting means.

135 Speed control:This subclass is indented under subclass 133.Subject matter having means to control the rateof motion of the motor.

136 Duty cycle:This subclass is indented under subclass 135.Subject matter wherein the speed of the motoris controlled by varying the percentage of timethat power is applied to the motor during aperiodic power cycle.

137 Auto/manual mode selection:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter having means to choosebetween automatic or manual focusing orrangefinding.

138 Mechanical rangefinder:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter including nonelectrical meansto measure the distance from the camera to theobject.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:94, for mechanical rangefinding means

with lens characteristic compensating.FOR 809+, for foreign art collections involving

camera structure and rangefinder.


classes 3+ for rangefinders, per se.

139 Rangefinder coupled with focusing:This subclass is indented under subclass 138.Subject matter wherein the mechanicalrangefinder is connected to the exposure objec-tive and both are moved simultaneously forfocusing.


camera structure and rangefinder cou-pled with focusing.


February 2011

140 Having parallax correction:This subclass is indented under subclass 139.Subject matter including means to correct forthe difference between an actual view coveredby the exposure objective and an apparent viewseen by the mechanical rangefinder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:149, for parallax correction with view-

finder in focusing or rangefindingoperation.

377, for parallax correction with view-finder in general.

FOR 811, for a foreign art collection involvingparallax correction in a camerarangefinder with coupled focusing.

141 Having viewfinder:This subclass is indented under subclass 139.Subject matter including an optical deviceattached to or part of a camera to indicate anextent of a scene to be photographed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:84, for direct viewfinder in camera struc-

ture with variable focal length of cam-era objective.

148, for viewfinder in focusing orrangefinding operation in general.

373+, for camera structure with viewfinderin general.

FOR 813, for a foreign art collection involvingcamera structure with rangefindercoupled with focusing and viewfinder.

FOR 839+, for foreign art collections involvingmanual camera focusing having view-finder.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:348, Television, subclass 341 for optical

viewfinder in video camera, system,and detail.

356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, sub-class 8, for combination of arangefinder and viewfinder, per se.

142 Cam means to actuate rangefinder:This subclass is indented under subclass 139.Subject matter wherein the mechanicalrangefinder and the exposure objective aremoved by a cam/follower mechanism.

(1) Note. A cam/follower mechanism is adevice that produces movement by usinga mechanical element that rides on thesurface of a rotating or translating eccen-tric.


a rangefinder actuated by a cam.

143 Lever means to actuate rangefinder:This subclass is indented under subclass 139.Subject matter wherein the mechanicalrangefinder and the exposure objective aremoved by a lever/fulcrum mechanism.

(1) Note. A lever/fulcrum mechanism is adevice that produces movement by usinga mechanical element that rotates on apivot point.


a rangefinder actuated by a leverwhere the rangefinder is focus cou-pled.

144 Mechanical mechanism for displacement ofexposure objective:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter having mechanical means (e.g.,gear train, lever) for moving the exposureobjective to obtain a sharp image.


manual camera focusing.


nication) and Elements, subclasses822+ for lens mount with adjustablefocusing mechanism.

145 Bed or bellows type:This subclass is indented under subclass 144.Subject matter including a flat platform uponwhich the exposure objective moves or apleated expandable element between the expo-sure objective and the camera body.


1February 2011

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:341+, for bellows objective camera exclu-

sive of recited focusing operation.

146 Having lock mechanism:This subclass is indented under subclass 144.Subject matter including a means to preventaccidental movement of the exposure objec-tive.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:344, for bellows objective camera with

guide and lock.503, for safety lock of shutter actuator.

147 Having indicator:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter having means to convey focus-ing or rangefinding information to a cameraoperator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:70, for indicator in exposure control sys-

tem responsive to distance.88, for indicator in camera structure with

a variable focal length camera objec-tive.

163, for indicator in camera structure withartificial illumination terminationcontrol.

201+, for indicator with object exposureillumination.

239, for indicator in exposure control cir-cuit with manually selective exposuremode.

255, for indicator in exposure control cir-cuit of shutter speed function.

281+, for camera indicator in general.515, for detachable film holder unit with

integral means to show film use whichis not visible to operator during nor-mal operation.

578, for fluid treating apparatus testing,calibrating, or indicating.

FOR 709, for a foreign art collection involvingautomatic camera focusing with focusindicator.

FOR 838, for a foreign art collection involvingmanual camera focusing with distanceindicator.


Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass 84 for light-controlling dis-play.

148 Having viewfinder:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter including an optical deviceattached to or part of the camera to indicate anextent of a scene to be photographed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:141, for viewfinder and a mechanical

rangefinder.373+, for camera structure with viewfinder

in general.FOR 839+, for foreign art collections involving

manual camera focusing with view-finder.

FOR 859+, for foreign art collections involvingcamera detail including viewfinder.


class 8 for combination of arangefinder and viewfinder, per se.

149 Having parallax correction:This subclass is indented under subclass 148.Subject matter including means to correct for adifference between an actual view covered bythe exposure objective and an apparent viewseen by the viewfinder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:140, for parallax correction with mechani-

cal rangefinder coupled with focus-ing.

377, for parallax correction with view-finder in general.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:348, Television, subclass 333.09 for paral-

lax correction.

150 Including focusing screen:This subclass is indented under subclass 148.Subject matter including an optical device hav-ing a surface upon which a scene image formedby the exposure objective can be seen.


February 2011


manual camera focusing with view-finder including focusing screen.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:355, Photocopying, subclasses 44+ for

focusing screen in projection printingor copying cameras.

151 Film and focusing screen interchangeable:This subclass is indented under subclass 150.Subject matter wherein the focusing screen anda photographic medium are successivelybrought into a same position relative to theexposure objective.


camera having interchangeable filmand focusing screen.

152 And reflector or refractor:This subclass is indented under subclass 150.Subject matter including an optical device thatturns back or bends light (e.g., mirror orprism), behind the exposure objective fordirecting light to the focusing screen.


manual camera focusing includingfocusing screen and reflector.

153 OBJECT MOTION DETECTION: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter wherein movement of aphotographic subject is sensed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:95, for focusing having means to predict

object movement.

154 FORESHOOTING:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter including means to par-tially expose a photographic medium prior tothe main picture taking exposure in order tomodify photographic medium sensitivity.

155 WITH OBJECT ILLUMINATION FOREXPOSURE: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to illumi-nate an object with artificial light (illuminationmeans; e.g., a flash device) for exposure pur-poses in combination with a camera structure.

(1) Note. Exposure purposes include, forexample, preexposure illumination forred-eye reduction, determining a properexposure, or providing illuminationwhen the shutter is open.

(2) Note. See “OBJECT ILLUMINATIONSUBCOMBINATIONS” note under themain class definition for line notes withother classes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:4, for studio structure with lighting.28, for underwater, waterproof, or water-

resistant camera having an illumina-tion device.

61+, for flash system responsive to focallength or distance.

106+, for focusing or rangefinding opera-tion with auxiliary illumination.

FOR 713+, for foreign art collections involvinga camera automatic exposure controlsystem including artificial illumina-tion.

FOR 771+, for foreign art collections involvingobject illumination with camera struc-ture.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,

see (2) Note above.315, Electric Lamp and Discharge

Devices: Systems, see (2) Note above.340, Communications: Electrical, sub-

class 541 for burglar alarms combinedwith means to photograph the burglar.

348, Television, subclasses 370+ for videocamera, system, and detail with objector scene illumination.

352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclasses198+ for projection light sources.

355, Photocopying, subclasses 67+ forillumination systems with a projectionprinter.


1February 2011

361, Electricity: Electrical Systems andDevices, subclasses 248+ for electri-cal circuits of general utility for ignit-ing combustible or explosive devices.

362, Illumination, subclasses 3+ for photo-graphic lighting, per se.

431, Combustion, see (2) Note above.

156 With Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter having an IGBT connected inseries with an illumination means circuit andused to control the start and termination of theartificial light producing from the illuminationmeans.

(1) Note. An Insulated Gate Bipolar Tran-sistor (IGBT) is a voltage-controlled,three-terminal, switching device that is acombination of a transistor of pnpnstructure and a MOS field effect transis-tor.


linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 427+ and 438+ for switch-ing device using field effect transistoror four-or-more layer device.

157 Having preexposure illumination:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter in which the illumination meansoperates a first time to illuminate the object fora preparatory photographic operation prior toexposure and operates a second time to illumi-nate the object for exposure.

(1) Note. A preparatory photographic opera-tion includes red-eye reduction, photom-etering, test flashing, etc.


automatic exposure control includingartificial illumination and preexposureflashing.

158 For red-eye reduction:This subclass is indented under subclass 157.Subject matter wherein the preparatory photo-graphic operation is to decrease the pupil sizeof a subject's eyes to minimize having the color

of a subject's eyes appear red in the developedpicture (e.g., red-eye effect).

159 Having artificial illumination terminationcontrol:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter having a means to stop the illu-mination means from producing light when-ever a proper amount of illumination has beengiven to the object.


automatic exposure control includingflash termination control of artificialillumination.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:315, Electric Lamp and Discharge

Devices: System, subclasses 307+ forautomatic current or voltage regula-tion of lamp or discharge devices.

160 Including multipurpose terminal:This subclass is indented under subclass 159.Subject matter having a detailed terminalwhich connects an illumination means to acamera body and through which plural distinctcontrol signals are transmitted in either direc-tion.

161 Including exposure control circuit:This subclass is indented under subclass 159.Subject matter having a circuit to control anexposure system (e.g., shutter or diaphragm).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:166+, for exposure control circuit with illu-

mination mode.171, for photocell that responds to a burst

of light for starting a flash operationor for starting an exposure system.

180+, for camera structure with object illu-mination and exposure synchronizer.

213+, for generic camera exposure controlcircuit.

FOR 720+, for foreign art collections involvingan automatic exposure control systemincluding artificial illumination whereexposure is controlled without con-trolling flash.


February 2011

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:348, Television, subclass 221.1, 229.1, and

362 through 368 for exposure controlcircuit in video camera, system, anddetail.

352, Motion Pictures, subclass 141 and177 for automatic diaphragm or shut-ter control in a motion picture camera;subclass 199 for projection lightsource synchronized with shutter.

162 Having photocell optical path structure:This subclass is indented under subclass 159.Subject matter wherein the termination controlincludes a photocell and an optical means forconducting, directing, or modifying lightreaching the photocell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:111+, for optical detail with photoelement

system in focusing or rangefindingoperation of the camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:250, Radiant Energy, subclass 201.1 for

photocell controlling its own opticalsystem.

348, Television, subclasses 336+ for videocamera, system, and detail with colorseparating optics.

359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-nication) and Elements, subclasses618+ for light-dividing, combining, orplural image forming.

163 Having indicator:This subclass is indented under subclass 159.Subject matter having a means to convey infor-mation to a camera operator.




147, for indicator with focusing andrangefinding means.

201+, for indicator with object exposureillumination.







Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass 84 for light-controlling dis-play.

164 Variable intensity control:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter having a means to adjust thebrightness of the artificial light from the illumi-nation means.


automatic exposure control includingartificial illumination which is chargelevel or power supply responsive.


Devices: Systems, subclasses 307+for automatic current or voltage regu-lation.

165 Activated under low light condition:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter in which the illumination meansis automatically enabled whenever scene lightis insufficient for a proper exposure.


automatic exposure control includingartificial illumination automaticallyactivated under low light condition.


1February 2011


Devices: Systems, subclasses 307+for automatic current or voltage regu-lation.

166 Exposure control circuit with illuminationmode:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter in which a circuit controlling ashutter or a diaphragm (i.e., exposure controlcircuit) is modified when the illuminationmeans is intended to be used.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:161, for artificial illumination termination

control with exposure control circuit.171, for photocell that responds to a burst

of light for starting a flash operationor for starting an exposure system.


213+, for generic camera exposure controlcircuit.

FOR 720+, for foreign art collections involvingan automatic exposure control systemincluding artificial illumination whereexposure is controlled without con-trolling flash.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:348, Television, subclass 221.1 and 229.1

and 362 through 368 for exposurecontrol circuit in video camera, sys-tem, and detail.

352, Motion Pictures, subclass 141 and177 for automatic diaphragm or shut-ter control in a motion picture camera;subclass 199 for projection lightsource synchronized with shutter.

167 Exposure control circuit responsive to illu-mination source readiness:This subclass is indented under subclass 166.Subject matter having means to detect whenthe illumination means is enabled in order toautomatically switch the shutter or diaphragmcontrol circuit to the illumination mode ofoperation.

168 Program mode function:This subclass is indented under subclass 166.Subject matter in which the exposure controlcircuit automatically determines both an aper-ture value and exposure time value in accor-dance with a scene illumination (i.e., nomanual setting of the aperture value or expo-sure time is required).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:242+, for program mode in generic exposure

control circuit.

169 Shutter speed function only:This subclass is indented under subclass 166.Subject matter in which the exposure controlcircuit adjusts an exposure time value to con-trol a shutter only.

(1) Note. Manual control circuit that has anillumination mode and that adjusts bothexposure time value and aperture valueis classified in subclass 166.


control circuit.246+, for adjustment of shutter speed func-

tion only in generic exposure controlcircuit.

170 Diaphragm function only:This subclass is indented under subclass 166.Subject matter in which the exposure controlcircuit adjusts an aperture value to control adiaphragm only.

(1) Note. Manual control circuit that has anillumination mode and that adjusts bothexposure time value and aperture valueis classified in subclass 166.


control circuit.257+, for adjustment of diaphragm function

only in generic exposure control cir-cuit.


February 2011

171 Having photocell used as flash trigger orused for camera release:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter in which a photoelementresponds to a burst of light for starting an illu-mination means (a flash operation) or for start-ing the exposure system.

(1) Note. Slave flashes are included in thissubclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:59, for a remote control circuit which pro-

vides a wireless signal to achievecamera release.

100, for dual purpose photoelement infocusing or rangefinding operation.

263+, for a release control circuit, in gen-eral.

FOR 724, for a foreign art collection involvingautomatic exposure control includinga photocell used as flash trigger forartificial illumination.

172 Photocell directly illuminated:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter wherein a photoelementreceives the artificial light directly from theillumination means to measure the light outputof the illumination means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:92, for lens characteristic compensating

by selecting effective photoelementsduring focusing.

96, for focusing or rangefinding withaccumulation photoarray and timecontrol.

100, for dual purpose photoelement infocusing or rangefinding.

111+, for focusing or rangefinding deviceswith optical details of a photoelementsystem.


171, for photocell used as a flash trigger.269, for a photocell having specific camera

location and responsive to an adjacentlight emitter in general.



173 Multiple flashing from a single unit for asingle exposure:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter in which one flash device oper-ates more than one time during one exposure.

174 Bounce type:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter in which the illumination meansrotates about an axis to make the artificial lightreflect from a surface, such as a ceiling, to theobject to more fully diffuse the artificial light.

175 Variable illumination angle:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter wherein the illumination meansincludes means to change the cross-sectionarea of the artificial light beam.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:274, for a camera photocell and means for

changing the photocell field of view.FOR 795, for a foreign art collection involving

camera structure and a variable angleartificial illumination system.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:348, Television, subclass 369 for changing

viewing angle via optics in videocamera.

362, Illumination, subclass 287 for angu-larly adjustable or repositionable lightsource with modifier.

176 Having flash built into camera:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter wherein the illumination meansand a camera body are constructed as a singleintegrated unit.


camera structure and flash built intocamera.


1February 2011

177 Pop-up flash:This subclass is indented under subclass 176.Subject matter wherein the single integratedunit includes a spring or a motor to extend theillumination means from the camera body.

178 Folding flash:This subclass is indented under subclass 176.Subject matter wherein the illumination meansis manually collapsed and extended from thecamera body.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:348+, for folding or collapsible camera.FOR 848, for a foreign art collection involving

double exposure preventing with fold-able camera.

179 Flash mode mechanical exposure control:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter including an all mechanicaldevice to adjust an aperture size or an exposuretime when the illumination means is enabled.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:472+, for shutter with mechanical delayed

release means.475+, for shutter with mechanically delayed

closing.

180 Having exposure synchronizer:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter including means to actuate theillumination means in timed relationship withan exposure.

(1) Note. This and the indented subclassesinclude shutter mechanism which is syn-chronized with an operation of an activa-tion switch in a flash lamp circuit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:FOR 776+, for a foreign art collection involv-

ing artificial illumination and camerasynchronization.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass

177 for motion picture camera withstarting or stopping means responsive

to shutter and subclass 199 for projec-tion light sources synchronized withshutter.

181 Shutter controlled by explosive force of flashdevice: This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter wherein a flash device includesa combustible material the ignition of whichprovides a mechanical force to open or close ashutter.


artificial illumination with synchro-nized shutter controlled by explosiveforce of flash device.

182 Multiple illumination units for single expo-sure:This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter including more than one illumi-nation means actuated during a single expo-sure.


artificial illumination and camera syn-chronizing including multiple illumi-nation units.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:362, Illumination, subclasses 11+ for plu-

ral light sources in photographic light-ing.

183 Shutter relay or solenoid: This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter including electromagneticmeans to actuate or release a shutter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:463+, for shutter with dynamoelectric actua-

tor.FOR 780, for a foreign art collection involving

artificial illumination and camera syn-chronizing with shutter relay or sole-noid.


February 2011


Devices, subclasses 139+ for electro-magnetic device control circuits.

184 Having pneumatic shutter release: This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter including gas pressure means toactuate a shutter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:476, for shutter mechanically delayed clos-

ing including pneumatic means.499, for shutter with plural oscillating

blades including pneumatic actuator.FOR 781, for a foreign art collection involving

artificial illumination and camera syn-chronizing having pneumatic shutterrelease.

185 Electromechanical energizing generator: This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter including an electromechanicaltransducer which produces electric current foroperating the illumination means.


artificial illumination and camera syn-chronizing having energizing genera-tor in flash unit.

186 Reflex mirror activates switch: This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter including a reflex mirror whichcloses a switch for activating the illuminationmeans when it moves from a viewing positionto an exposure position.

(1) Note. A reflex mirror is a mirror whichwhen in a viewing position diverts lightfrom the objective to the viewfinder, andwhen in an exposure position allowslight from an objective to pass to thephotographic medium (film).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:352, for camera structure having reflex

mirror to reflect image to film.353, for a twin lens reflex camera.

354+, for a single lens reflex camera.447, for camera detail with reflex mirror.FOR 783, for a foreign art collection involving

artificial illumination and camera syn-chronizing where a reflex mirrorcloses contacts.

187 Having time delay adjustment means: This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter including means to alter thestarting time of the illumination means withrespect to an initiation of shutter opening.


artificial illumination and camera syn-chronizing having time delay adjust-ment.

188 Positional: This subclass is indented under subclass 187.Subject matter wherein a mechanical device isdisplaced for altering the starting time of theillumination means with respect to the initia-tion of shutter opening.


artificial illumination and camera syn-chronizing having a positional timedelay adjustment.

189 Detachable synchronizer:This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter wherein the means to actuatethe illumination means in timed relationshipwith the exposure can be disconnected from thecamera.

(1) Note. Illumination means connected to acamera by a detachable cable are properfor this subclass.

(2) Note. The synchronizer is not part of thecamera nor of flash unit but onlyattached thereto.


artificial illumination and detachablecamera synchronizer.


1February 2011

190 Convertible: This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter including means for changingfrom one type of illumination means toanother.

(1) Note. A camera capable of alternativelyusing a percussive flash or electricallyactivated flash, or a flash unit capable ofusing two forms of flash bulbs, is properfor this subclass.


a convertible artificial illuminationsource and camera synchronizing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:362, Illumination, subclass 7 for a convert-

ible photographic lighting device.

191 Percussive illumination source: This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter wherein the illumination meansincludes combustible illuminating materialwhich is ignited by a mechanical striking blow.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:181, for a shutter controlled by the explo-

sive force of a flash device.FOR 788, for a foreign art collection involving

a percussive illumination source andcamera synchronizing.

192 Bulb substitution: This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter wherein the illumination meansincludes extra flash bulbs which are automati-cally substituted for flash bulbs that havealready been activated or are defective andwhich cannot produce light (e.g., flashcubes,flipflash, etc.).

(1) Note. A flash bulb is a light bulb givinga brief, intense light for exposure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:173, for multiple flashing from a single

unit for a single exposure.

197, for bulb substitution of the illumina-tion means without exposure synchro-nizer.

FOR 789+, for foreign art collections involvinga flash unit having spare lamps andcamera synchronizing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:362, Illumination, subclasses 13+ for lamp

substitution or selection in photo-graphic lighting devices.

193 Having unison film advancing and lampswitching: This subclass is indented under subclass 192.Subject matter including means for coordinat-ing an advance of a photographic medium(film) with the automatic substitution of theextra flash bulbs.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:387+, for camera structure with film drive.FOR 790, for a foreign art collection involving

a flash unit having spare lamps andcamera synchronizing including uni-son film advance and lamp switching.

194 Curtain shutter: This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter wherein the camera structureincludes a shutter which is formed by a flexiblesheet or curtain.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:479+, for curtain-type shutter, per se.FOR 792, for a foreign art collection involving

object illumination and camera syn-chronizing including a curtain shutter.

195 Actuated by shutter movement: This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter wherein the camera structureincludes a shutter and a switch responsive tothe shutter movement for activating the illumi-nation means.


object illumination and camera syn-chronizing where flash unit contactsare actuated by shutter movement.


February 2011

196 Bulb ejector:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter including means to remove aflash bulb from its socket.

197 Bulb substitution: This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter wherein the illumination meansincludes extra flash bulbs which are automati-cally exchanged for flash bulbs that havealready been activated or are defective andwhich cannot produce light (e.g., flashcubes,flipflash, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:173, for multiple flashing from a single

unit for a single exposure.192, for bulb substitution of the illumina-

tion means in timed relationship withan exposure.

FOR 794, for a foreign art collection involvingobject illumination with camera struc-ture having lamp substitution.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:362, Illumination, subclass 13 for lamp

substitution or selection in photo-graphic lighting devices.

198 Having adapter unit:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter including an additional housingdetachably mounted between the illuminationmeans and the camera body to connect the illu-mination means to the camera.

199 Lens mounted illumination unit:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter having a flash device attachedonto an exposure objective (e.g., lens) of thecamera.

200 Reflector detail:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter wherein the illumination meansincludes structure of an optical element thatturns back (i.e., reflects) the artificial lightfrom the illumination means to an object.



362, Illumination, subclass 16 for specificlight modifier in photographic light-ing.

201 Having indicator:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter having means to convey visibleillumination information to a camera operator.








281+, for camera indicator in general.515, for detachable, film-holder unit with


578, for fluid-treating apparatus testing,calibrating, or indicating.

FOR 772+, for foreign art collections involvingcamera structure and object illumina-tion having measuring, testing, orindicating.


Selective Visual Display Systems, subclasses 84+ for light-controllingdisplay.

362, Illumination, subclass 5 for measur-ing or indicating in photographiclighting devices.


1February 2011

202 Go/no-go indicator:This subclass is indented under subclass 201.Subject matter wherein the indicator informs acamera operator that the illumination means isready to produce light.


camera structure and object illumina-tion having flash ready indicator.

203 Indicating power source status:This subclass is indented under subclass 202.Subject matter wherein the indicator shows astatus of a capacitor charge level or a batterylevel of the illumination means.


camera structure and object illumina-tion having flash ready indicatorshowing power source status.


power supply diagnostics in an elec-trophotographic device.

204 Effective distance indicator:This subclass is indented under subclass 201.Subject matter wherein the indicator shows adistance an object should be from the camerafor proper illumination of the object.


camera structure and object illumina-tion having distance indicator.

205 With power supply detail:This subclass is indented under subclass 155.Subject matter including a specific structure ofan electrical power generation, regulation, dis-tribution, or control circuitry of the illumina-tion means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:301, for camera power supply in general.

FOR 718, for a foreign art collection involvingcamera automatic exposure controlincluding artificial illumination whichis charge level or power supplyresponsive.


tion Systems, appropriate subclassesfor power supply or regulation, ingeneral.

206 Having DC to DC converter:This subclass is indented under subclass 205.Subject matter including means to step up orstep down the direct voltage of the power sup-ply.

207 EXPOSURE DATA FROM FILM CON-TAINER:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter wherein exposure datawhich is stored on a photographic medium con-tainer is transferred to another camera compo-nent.

(1) Note. Exposure data includes, for exam-ple, mode information, film speed, lati-tude, etc.

(2) Note. Excluded herein is midroll inter-rupt means which may utilize informa-tion on a film container.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:390, for midroll interrupt means which

may utilize information stored on afilm container.

208 Electrical component on or in film con-tainer:This subclass is indented under subclass 207.Subject matter wherein the film container com-prises an electrical circuit element.

209 Controlling optical filter:This subclass is indented under subclass 207.Subject matter wherein the exposure data isused to regulate an optical path filter.

(1) Note. Intensity attenuation by such a fil-ter may occur over a particular range of


February 2011

optical frequencies or be uniform overall frequencies.


nication) and Elements, subclasses885+ for absorption filters, per se.

210 EXPOSURE DATA FROM FILM ITSELF:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter wherein exposure datastored directly on a photographic medium istransferred to another camera component.

(1) Note. Exposure data includes modeinformation as well as such informationas film speed or latitude.

(2) Note. Excluded herein is midroll inter-rupt means which may utilize informa-tion placed on film.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:390, for mid roll interrupt means which

may utilize information stored on aphotographic film.

211 EXPOSURE DATA FROM DETACHABLEMEMORY CARD:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter wherein exposure datastored in a semiconductive memory devicewhich is itself removable from a camera istransferred to another camera component.

(1) Note. This does not include, for exam-ple, a removable lens or electronic flashunit containing a fixed (i.e., nonremov-able) semiconductor memory device.

(2) Note. Exposure data includes modeinformation as well as such informationas film speed or latitude.


Retrieval, appropriate subclasses formemories, per se.

212 BULB OR TIME EXPOSURE MODE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to keep theshutter open as long as the shutter release but-

ton is depressed or to open the exposure pathupon the first depression of the shutter releasebutton and to close the exposure path upon thesecond depression.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:263+, for a camera release control circuit.502+, for a shutter release mechanism.

213 EXPOSURE CONTROL CIRCUIT: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having electric circuitmeans to control a shutter, a diaphragm, oranother optical element; e.g., a light filter forregulating the amount of light reaching a pho-tographic medium or film.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:48, for control circuit for sequencing at

least three functions which mayinclude exposure control.

63+, for exposure control system respon-sive to focal length.

65+, for exposure control system respon-sive to distance.

100, for photocell used for another purposebesides focusing or rangefinding.

161, for camera structure with artificialillumination termination controlincluding exposure control circuit.

166+, for exposure control circuit with illu-mination mode.

171, for photocell that responds to a burstof light for starting a flash operationor for camera release.


263+, for a generic release control electricalcircuit.

FOR 710+, for foreign art collections involvingcamera automatic exposure controlsystem or device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photo-

electric, subclasses 243+ for photo-electric devices, per se.

250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 200+ forgeneric photocell circuits.

313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Device, subclasses 523+ for photosensitivedevices and subclasses 103+ for pho-


1February 2011

tosensitive devices having secondaryemitters.

348, Television, subclass 221.1, 229.1, and362 through 368 for exposure controlin video camera.

352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass141 and 177 for automatic diaphragmor shutter control in motion picturecamera.

356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, sub-classes 213+ for photometers.

399, Electrophotography, subclasses 51+for control of exposure in an electro-photographic device.

214 Clamp or stop needle control device:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter in which the shutter or the dia-phragm responds to a device sensing adeflected position of a galvanometer needle.

(1) Note. A galvanometer is an instrumenthaving a needle attached to a coil rotatedby electrodynamic force when a currentis passed through the coil.


camera automatic exposure controlhaving clamp or stop needle-type con-trol of a diaphragm shutter.

FOR 747, for a foreign art collection involvingcamera automatic exposure controlhaving clamp or stop needle-type con-trol of a diaphragm.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing,

subclasses 76.11+ for measuring elec-tricity using a galvanometer.

215 To control exposure time:This subclass is indented under subclass 214.Subject matter in which the clamp or stop nee-dle control device regulates exposure time ofthe shutter.

216 Override or manual control:This subclass is indented under subclass 214.Subject matter having camera operator manip-ulated means to regulate the amount of lightreaching the photographic medium to super-

sede an automatic exposure control or indepen-dent of automatic exposure control.

(1) Note. Automatic exposure control is theadjustment of the shutter or the dia-phragm in accordance with the bright-ness of the scene as detected by aphotoelement without camera operatorintervention.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:297+, for operator-controlled data entry into

camera.

217 Direct drive galvanometer control device: This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter including a galvanometer hav-ing its rotation directly transmitted to controlthe shutter or the diaphragm.

(1) Note. A galvanometer is an instrumenthaving a needle attached to a coil rotatedby electrodynamic force when a currentis passed through the coil.


camera automatic exposure controlhaving direct drive galvanometer con-trol of a diaphragm.



218 Override or manual control:This subclass is indented under subclass 217.Subject matter having camera operator manip-ulated means to regulate the amount of lightreaching the photographic medium to super-sede automatic exposure control or indepen-dent of automatic exposure control.

(1) Note. Automatic exposure control is theadjustment of the shutter or the dia-phragm in accordance with the bright-ness of the scene as detected by aphotoelement without camera operatorintervention.


February 2011

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:297+, for operator-controlled data entry into

camera.

219 Circuit detail:This subclass is indented under subclass 217.Subject matter in which the electric circuitmeans contains another component (e.g., aswitch, transistor, etc.) in addition to a photo-cell or a battery.


camera automatic exposure controlhaving direct drive galvanometer con-trol of a diaphragm which uses abridge circuit.



220 Plural blades:This subclass is indented under subclass 217.Subject matter wherein the shutter or the dia-phragm comprises more than one blade.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:497, for shutter with plural oscillating

blades.510, for diaphragm with plural pivoted

blades.

221 Responsive to power source condition:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter having a means to avoidchanges in the operation of the exposure con-trol means due to fluctuations in current orvoltage of a power source (e.g., voltage/currentregulator).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:277+, for camera operation responsive to

battery condition in general.

222 Bracketing:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter having means to take a pluralityof exposures at incremented exposure times or

aperture values to obtain an intentional under,over, or proper exposure.

223 Override control:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter having means to regulate theamount of light reaching the photographicmedium to supersede automatic exposure con-trol.

224 Photometer lock:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter having means to allow a cameraoperator to store a value indicative of a scenebrightness which will be used by the exposurecontrol circuit during a future exposure (i.e.,AE lock).

225 Color temperature compensation or detec-tion:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter having means to correct orsense a spectral distribution of light reachingthe photographic medium.

(1) Note. Spectral distribution is the func-tion that represents intensity of each fre-quency of light in a visible spectrum.

226 Film latitude responsive:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter wherein the exposure controlcircuit operates in accordance with a range ofgray scale values or tonal values that can berecorded on the photographic medium; i.e.,film latitude.

227 Maximum or minimum f-number respon-sive:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter wherein the exposure controlcircuit takes into account the smallest and larg-est aperture size of an exposure objective.

(1) Note. F-number represents light passingability of a lens and is equal to the ratioof the lens focal length divided by theaperture size value.

228 Having log transformation circuit:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter in which the exposure controlcircuit includes means to convert a voltage or


1February 2011

current to a voltage or current having a loga-rithmic function.


camera automatic exposure controlhaving a logarithmic transformation.

229 Digital: This subclass is indented under subclass 228.Subject matter in which a counter, a register, orCPU is used in the transformation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:

FOR 726, for a foreign art collectioninvolving camera automatic exposurecontrol having a digital logarithmictransformation.

230 Antilog:This subclass is indented under subclass 228.Subject matter in which the logarithmic voltageor current is transformed to its original value.


camera automatic exposure controlwith log expansion.

231 Having temperature compensation circuit:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter having a means to correct forchanges in the operation of the exposure con-trol means due to changes in ambient tempera-ture.


camera automatic exposure controlwith temperature compensation.

232 Viewfinder light compensation:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter having a means to correct forchanges in the operation of the exposure con-trol means due to light entering a camera view-finder eyepiece.

233 Having plural photocells:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter having more than one lightresponsive device in the exposure controlmeans.


camera automatic exposure controlhaving plural photocells.



234 More than two photometering areas:This subclass is indented under subclass 233.Subject matter in which the light responsivedevice has more than two discrete light respon-sive areas.

(1) Note. A single photocell array or self-scanning photocell is considered to havemore than two discrete light responsiveareas unless it is explicitly stated to haveonly two.

235 Velocity control of shutter or diaphragmcomponent:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter wherein the exposure controlcircuit controls the rate of motion of a shutteror diaphragm element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:246, for exposure time circuit control of

the shutter.257, for aperture size circuit control of the

diaphragm.

236 Look-up table memory:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter wherein the exposure controlcircuit has an addressable semiconductor mem-ory for storing exposure related values.


Retrieval, appropriate subclasses formemories, per se.


February 2011

237 Manually set limit of exposure time or aper-ture value:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter wherein the exposure controlcircuit responds to a manually set rangerestricting an exposure time or aperture value.

238 Manually selective exposure mode:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter in which a plurality of exposuremodes can be selected by a camera operator.

(1) Note. Exposure modes include, forexample, manual mode, aperture prior-ity, shutter priority, or program mode.

239 Having indicator:This subclass is indented under subclass 238.Subject matter having means to convey photo-graphic related information to the camera oper-ator.






201, for indicator with object illuminationfor exposure.







352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclasses170+ for indicating means visible inviewfinder of motion picture camera.

240 Pulse train type:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter wherein the exposure controlmeans includes means producing a series ofpulses.


linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 291+ for pulse waveformgenerators, per se.

241 With exposure filter:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter includes an optical devicewhich eliminates unwanted components of thelight reaching the photographic medium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:209, for exposure data derived from film

container which controls an opticalfilter.

275, for filter in front of photocell to blockundesired wavelengths of light.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclasses

212+ for shutters with light-modify-ing blades including means to alter thecolor content of light.

359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-nication) and Elements, subclasses586 through 590 for light interfer-ence using device with layers of spec-ified refracting index, and subclasses885+ for generic color filters.

242 Program mode:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter wherein the exposure controlcircuit adjusts both exposure time and aperturevalue in accordance with a detected brightnessof the scene.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:168, for program mode circuits combined

with object illumination.


1February 2011

FOR 742, for a foreign art collection involvingcamera automatic exposure controlhaving selectable priority.

FOR 743, for a foreign art collection involvingcamera automatic exposure controlhaving programmed control only.

243 Program selection:This subclass is indented under subclass 242.Subject matter wherein a camera operator canchoose one of a plurality of algorithms foradjusting both exposure time and aperturevalue.

244 Stepping motor type:This subclass is indented under subclass 242.Subject matter in which the exposure controlcircuit drives a stepping motor for controllingthe amount of light reaching the film.

(1) Note. A stepping motor is an electrome-chanical device which rotates by a fixedamount each time it is pulsed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:256, for shutter speed function controlled

by stepping motor.260, for diaphragm function controlled by

stepping motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:310, Electrical Generator or Motor Struc-

ture, subclass 12.05, for a linearmotor structure designed as an X-Ypositioner; subclass 12.17, for a linearstepping motor; and subclasses 49.01-49.55, for a rotary stepping motor, perse.

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 685 for stepping motors in aclosed-loop servo environment, ingeneral.

245 Manual Av circuit with automatic Tv cir-cuit, or vice versa: This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter including a manual aperturecontrol circuit (Av circuit) responsive to a man-ually set aperture value with an automaticexposure time control circuit (Tv circuit) gen-erating an exposure time calculated from themanually set aperture value and a detectedscene brightness; or a manual Tv circuit

responsive to a manually set exposure timevalue with an automatic Av circuit generatingan aperture value calculated from the manuallyset exposure time value and a detected scenebrightness.

(1) Note. Aperture value (Av) or exposuretime value (Tv) is a logarithmic numberindicative of the aperture size or theexposure time.


camera automatic exposure controlhaving circuit for controlling separatediaphragm and shutter.

246 Shutter speed function only:This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter wherein the exposure controlcircuit determines an exposure time to control ashutter mechanism only.

(1) Note. Manual control circuit for both Avand Tv is classified in subclass 213.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:169, for shutter speed function control in

exposure control circuit with illumi-nation mode.

452+, for a camera shutter, per se.

247 Shutter lag correction:This subclass is indented under subclass 246.Subject matter wherein the exposure controlcircuit sets an exposure time that compensatesfor a built-in delay of the shutter mechanism.

248 Piezoelectric driven:This subclass is indented under subclass 246.Subject matter wherein the exposure controlcircuit drives the shutter mechanism using apiezoelectric device.

(1) Note. A piezoelectric device produces avoltage when stressed or undergoesmechanical stress when subjected to avoltage.


February 2011

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:261, for piezoelectric device driving a dia-

phragm mechanism.


ture, subclasses 311+ for a piezoelec-tric device, per se.

249 Electro-optical element:This subclass is indented under subclass 246.Subject matter wherein the shutter is an elec-tro-optical device (e.g., Kerr cell, liquid crystaldevice, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:457, for an electro-optical camera shutter.


nication) and Elements, subclasses237+ for an electro-optical modulatorper se.

250 With digital counter: This subclass is indented under subclass 246.Subject matter in which the exposure controlcircuit contains a digital counter or register.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse

Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuitsand Systems, appropriate subclassesfor an electrical counter, per se.

251 Having RC circuit for timing:This subclass is indented under subclass 246.Subject matter in which the exposure controlcircuit contains at least one RC (resistor andcapacitor) circuit, the time constant of which isused for exposure time control.

252 Including memory capacitor: This subclass is indented under subclass 251.Subject matter in which the RC circuit containsat least one capacitor to store a voltage propor-tional to a scene brightness for a period of timeduring which the exposure control circuit can-not sense the scene brightness.

(1) Note. A single capacitor which performsboth memory and timing is proper forthis subclass.

253 Including plural selective capacitors: This subclass is indented under subclass 251.Subject matter having multiple capacitors fromwhich to choose.

254 Including plural selective resistors: This subclass is indented under subclass 251.Subject matter having multiple resistors fromwhich to choose.

255 Having indicator:This subclass is indented under subclass 251.Subject matter having means to convey photo-graphic related information to the camera oper-ator.








281+, for camera indicator, in general.515, for detachable film holder unit with







1February 2011

256 Stepping motor:This subclass is indented under subclass 246.Subject matter in which the exposure controlcircuit drives a stepping motor for driving theshutter mechanism.


SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:244, for stepping motor under program

mode of an exposure control circuit.260, for stepping motor driving a dia-

phragm mechanism.



318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 685 for stepping motors in aclosed-loop servo environment.

257 Diaphragm function only: This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter wherein the exposure controlcircuit determines an aperture value to controla diaphragm mechanism only.

(1) Note. Manual control circuit for both Avand Tv is classified in subclass 213.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:170, for diaphragm function control in

exposure control circuit with illumi-nation mode.

505+, for a camera diaphragm, per se.FOR 746+, for foreign art collections involving

camera automatic exposure controlhaving circuit for controlling dia-phragm only.

258 Pawl/ratchet type:This subclass is indented under subclass 257.Subject matter in which the diaphragm isadjusted to obtain a specific aperture size by an

engagement of a mechanical device allowingrotation in only one direction (i.e., a pawl) witha toothed wheel (i.e., a ratchet).


camera automatic exposure controlhaving a ratchet/pawl mechanism forcontrolling diaphragm only.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:74, Machine Elements and Mechanisms,

subclasses 575+ for generic pawls andratchets.

259 Servo motor type:This subclass is indented under subclass 257.Subject matter wherein the diaphragm mecha-nism is controlled by an electric motor, therotation or speed of which is controlled by acorrective electrical signal that is fed back tothe motor circuit.


camera automatic exposure controlhaving servo motor type circuit forcontrolling diaphragm only.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems,

subclasses 560+ for motors in a posi-tional servo system.

260 Using stepping motor: This subclass is indented under subclass 259.Subject matter in which the exposure controlcircuit drives a stepping motor for driving thediaphragm to obtain a specific aperture size.


SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:244, for stepping motor under program

mode of an exposure control circuit.256, for stepping motor driving a shutter

mechanism.FOR 752, for a foreign art collection involving

camera automatic exposure control


February 2011

having servo motor-type circuit whichuses a stepping motor for controllingdiaphragm only.



318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 685 for stepping motors in aclosed-loop servo environment, ingeneral.

261 Piezoelectric driven: This subclass is indented under subclass 257.Subject matter wherein the exposure controlmeans drives the diaphragm mechanism usinga piezoelectric device.

(1) Note. A piezoelectric device produces avoltage when stressed, or undergoesmechanical stress when subjected to avoltage.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:248, for shutter driven by piezoelectric

device.FOR 753, for a foreign art collection involving

camera automatic exposure controlhaving special driving arrangementfor controlling diaphragm only.


ture, subclasses 311+ for a piezoelec-tric device, per se.

262 Electro-optical element:This subclass is indented under subclass 257.Subject matter wherein the diaphragm is anelectro-optical device (e.g., Kerr cell, liquidcrystal device, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:506, for an electro-optical camera dia-

phragm.FOR 753, for a foreign art collection involving

camera automatic exposure control

having special driving arrangementfor controlling diaphragm only.


nication) and Elements, subclasses237+ for an electro-optical modulator,per se.

263 CAMERA RELEASE CONTROL CIR-CUIT:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having an electrical circuitwhich controls a signal starting a photographicexposure cycle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:59, for a wireless remote control camera

release circuit.502+, for a mechanical shutter release or

actuator means.

264 Self-timer:This subclass is indented under subclass 263.Subject matter including a circuit which delaysfor a time the signal which starts a single pho-tographic exposure cycle.

(1) Note. An operator initiates the self-timerand then may enter the picture before ashutter is actuated.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:59, for a wireless remote control camera

release circuit.286, for a self-timer indicator.472, for a mechanically delayed release

means (e.g., self-timer).FOR 878, for a foreign art collection involving

an electrical circuit providing delayedshutter release.

265 Intervalometer (e.g., rapid sequence):This subclass is indented under subclass 263.Subject matter wherein a signal starting anexposure cycle is produced at a particular timeperiod after the end of a previous exposurecycle.


1February 2011


in general.

266 Safety lock:This subclass is indented under subclass 263.Subject matter having means to inhibit thecamera release signal to prevent accidental ini-tiation of an exposure cycle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:503, for a mechanical shutter safety lock.

267 WITH LIGHT PIPE OR GUIDE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter including an opticalwaveguide (e.g., a fiber optic cable) whichconveys light between points.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:385, Optical Waveguides, appropriate sub-

classes for an optical waveguide, perse.

268 HAVING PHOTOCELL AT SPECIFICPOSITION WITHIN CAMERA:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter in which a photocell islocated with respect to a specific camera struc-ture.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:54, for camera shake sensing using photo-

array.92, for lens characteristic compensating

by selecting effective photoelements.96, for focusing or rangefinding with

accumulation photoarray and timecontrol.

100, for dual purpose focusing photoele-ment.

111+, for focusing or rangefinding deviceswith optical details of a photoelementsystem.


171, for photocell used as a flash trigger.172, for photocell measuring the light out-

put of an artificial illumination means.

570, for fluid-treating apparatus with pho-tocell control.



269 Photocell responsive to adjacent illumina-tor:This subclass is indented under subclass 268.Subject matter wherein the photocell is radi-ated by a light emitter in close proximity to thephotocell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:172, for photocell measuring light output

of an object exposure illuminationmeans.

270 Movable into or out of light path:This subclass is indented under subclass 268.Subject matter including a mechanism to dis-place the photocell into or out of the lightentering the camera.

271 In viewfinder area:This subclass is indented under subclass 268.Subject matter in which the photocell ismounted in or in the vicinity of a viewfinder.

272 Having two or more mirrors:This subclass is indented under subclass 268.Subject matter in which the camera has at leasttwo mirrors and the photocell receives lightreflected by at least one of the mirrors.


nication) and Elements, subclasses850+ for generic plural mirror sys-tems.

273 Having light reflected from film or shutteror through film:This subclass is indented under subclass 268.Subject matter in which the photocell receiveslight reflected from a surface of the film in thecamera or from a surface of the camera shutteror through the film.


February 2011

274 Having means for changing the photocellfield of view:This subclass is indented under subclass 268.Subject matter including means to change across-section area through which the photocellreceives light from a scene to be photographed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:348, Television, subclass 369 for changing

viewing angle via optics in videocamera.

275 With color filter:This subclass is indented under subclass 268.Subject matter includes a filter in front of thephotocell to block undesired wavelengths oflight.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:209, for exposure data derived from film

container which controls an opticalfilter.

241, for exposure filter in exposure controlcircuit.


212+ for shutters with light-modify-ing blades including means to alter thecolor content of light.

359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-nication) and Elements, subclasses586 through 590 for light interfer-ence using device with layers of spec-ified refracting index and subclasses885+ for generic color filters.

276 Having variable light transmission means:This subclass is indented under subclass 268.Subject matter wherein the camera structurehas means to adjust a light flux received at thephotocell from an object to be photographed.

(1) Note. Predetector adjustable apertures orneutral density filters are properly classi-fied here.

(2) Note. This does not include the cameradiaphragm.


nication) and Elements, subclass 888for a neutral density absorption filter.

277 BATTERY INSERTION/REMOVAL/DEPLETION RESPONSIVE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter wherein a camera elementis responsive to loading, unloading, or lowvoltage condition of a battery.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:221, for exposure control circuit respon-

sive to power source condition.301+, for camera structure with power sup-

ply details.

278 Having battery backup:This subclass is indented under subclass 277.Subject matter having a device for maintainingpower upon removal or depletion of primarybattery.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:280, for a power switch responsive camera

system.

279 Having indicator:This subclass is indented under subclass 277.Subject matter having means to convey infor-mation regarding battery insertion, removal, ordepletion to a camera operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:281+, for camera structure with indicator, in

general.

280 INITIALIZING/STORING RESPONSIVETO POWER SWITCH:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to set acamera element or information to a preset con-dition upon turning a power switch on or off.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:277+, for camera responsive to battery inser-

tion, removal, or depletion.


1February 2011

301+, for camera structure with power sup-ply details.

281 HAVING CAMERA INDICATOR:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to conveyphotographic information to a camera operator.









515, for detachable film holder unit withintegral means to show film use whichis not visible to operator during nor-mal operation.


FOR 709, for a foreign art collection involvingautomatic camera focusing includingfocus indicator.

FOR 763, for a foreign art collection involvingan aerial camera and indicator.

FOR 772+, for foreign art collections involvingobject illumination and indicator.

FOR 819, for a foreign art collection involvingmotor film drive and spring tensionindicator.

FOR 838, for a foreign art collection involvingmanual camera focusing and distanceindicator.

FOR 855, for a foreign art collection involvingfilm advancing and film position indi-cating.

FOR 910+, for foreign art collections involvingcamera detail indicator or settingmeans.




282 Display intensity control:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.Subject matter having means to adjust a bright-ness of the indicator to render it easilyobserved.


Selective Visual Display Systems, subclasses 589 through 605 for inten-sity control for a visual display sys-tem.

283 Sound:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.Subject matter in which the indicator producesa sound or vibration perceptible to the cameraoperator.

284 Film condition indicator:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.Subject matter in which the indicator shows astatus of the film resulting from a camera oper-ation (e.g., end-of-film, film frame count, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:515, for a film cassette or cartridge with

integral means to show film use whichis not visible to an operator duringnormal operation.

FOR 855, for a foreign art collection involvingfilm advancing means including filmposition indicator.

285 Double exposure warning:This subclass is indented under subclass 284.Subject matter wherein the indicator shows thata film section has been exposed and the filmmust be fed to bring another section into posi-tion before another exposure can be made.


February 2011

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:389, for film drive with double exposure

prevention.

286 Self-timer indicator:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.Subject matter in which the indicator conveysinformation concerning delayed release of ashutter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:264, for camera release control circuit with

self-timer.

287 Nonmechanical visual display:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.Subject matter in which the indicator producesan optically perceivable indication withoutusing moving parts (e.g., lamps, LED's, etc.).

(1) Note. Excluded herein are mere compar-ison type indicators which produce lightadjusted by an operator until the lightintensity matches scene brightness.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:295, for comparison-type camera indicator.



288 Having holographic display:This subclass is indented under subclass 287.Subject matter in which the indicator exhibits athree-dimensional pattern (i.e., in holographicform).


nication) and Elements, subclasses 1+for generic holographic system or ele-ment.

289 Ambient light condition display using one ofthree light emitters:This subclass is indented under subclass 287.Subject matter in which brightness of a scene isshown as above, below, or correct for photo-graphic operation by using one of three indica-tor lamps.


Selective Visual Display Systems, subclasses 589 through 605 and sub-class 697 for selective color attributeswith optical means in visual displaysystems.

290 Bar graph/scale display:This subclass is indented under subclass 287.Subject matter in which the indicator is shownin the form of a bar whose length varies essen-tially in a continuous manner or by lighting oneof a plurality of emitters adjacent to a printedlegend.


Selective Visual Display Systems,subclasses 35+ and subclass 440.2 forbar graph dis.

291 Pictograph display:This subclass is indented under subclass 287.Subject matter in which the indicator shows animage symbol.


Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass 618 for display of specifiedimage of abnormal condition.

292 Character segment display:This subclass is indented under subclass 287.Subject matter in which the indicator includes aplurality of segments arranged to produce opti-cally viewable letters or numbers whenselected segments are activated.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:318, for camera structure with data record-

ing including segmented alphanu-meric indicia.


1February 2011


Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass 34 and subclasses 467-472.3for character display.

293 Galvanometer type:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.Subject matter in which the indicator includes aneedle of a galvanometer.



294 Having plural pointers or match needle:This subclass is indented under subclass 293.Subject matter which includes a second needlemanually displaced to a predetermined positionwith respect to the needle of the galvanometerin order to adjust a camera mechanism.

295 Comparison type:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.Subject matter in which the indicator produceslight that is adjusted by a camera operator untilthe intensity of the light matches a scenebrightness.

296 Having display in viewfinder:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.Subject matter wherein the indicator is dis-posed within the field of view of the viewfinderof the camera.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:373+, for camera structure with viewfinder,

in general.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:348, Television, subclasses 333.01 through

333.13 for video camera with view-finder or display monitor.


297 HAVING OPERATOR CONTROLLEDDATA ENTRY INTO CAMERA:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to inputdesired photographic operating parameters ormodes into a camera system by an operator.

(1) Note. Also included here are patentsreciting specific locations of cameramanual manipulators.

(2) Note. Excluded herein are mechanismswhich merely manually override doubleexposure prevention in a camera filmdrive.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:57, for wireless remote camera system

data/mode entry.68, for manual manipulator in exposure

control system responsive to distance.131, for manual manipulator actuating

power focus.216, for manual manipulator in exposure

control circuit with clamp or stop nee-dle device.

218, for manual manipulator in exposurecontrol circuit with direct drive galva-nometer device.

391, for a film drive double exposure pre-vention mechanism having manualoverride.

543, for photographic switch details.

298 Manual manipulators on lens unit or lensmount:This subclass is indented under subclass 297.Subject matter wherein manual manipulatorsfor entering data into the camera system are onthe exposure objective or lens mount.

299 Manual manipulators on camera body unit:This subclass is indented under subclass 297.Subject matter wherein manual manipulatorsfor entering data into the camera system are onthe camera housing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:535+, for a camera housing detail.


February 2011

300 Manual data entry using peripheral device:This subclass is indented under subclass 297.Subject matter wherein data is entered into thecamera system using an external device (e.g.,bar code readers, external general purposecomputers, etc.).

(1) Note. For data entry using detachablememory cards, see subclass 211.

301 WITH POWER SUPPLY DETAIL: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter including specifics ofelectrical power generation, regulation, or con-trol.


tion Systems, appropriate subclassesfor generic power supply or regula-tion.

399, Electrophotography, subclasses 88+for controlling power supply in anelectrophotographic device.

302 Having time-out circuit:This subclass is indented under subclass 301.Subject matter having a circuit which disablescamera power after a predetermined timeperiod.

303 Power distribution management:This subclass is indented under subclass 301.Subject matter wherein power is selectivelysupplied to various camera elements for powermanagement.

304 Having nonelectrochemical power source:This subclass is indented under subclass 301.Subject matter wherein power is generated bymeans other than an electrochemical battery.

(1) Note. This might include, for example,piezoelectric or solar cell sources.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photo-

electric, appropriate subclasses for athermoelectric or solar cell powersource, per se.

310, Electrical Generator or Motor Struc-ture, subclasses 311+ for a piezoelec-tric generator.

305 COLOR IMAGE USING MONOCHROMEFILM: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means for record-ing an image set on a light sensitive surface ofa monochromatic base, the individual picturesor images representing an intensity image ofthe scene photographed corresponding to a par-ticular color which is different from the colorof the other images of the set.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:322+, for means to record plural images, in

general.


66+ for motion picture cameras usingmonochromatic film for recordingcolor images.

353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclasses31+ for composite color image projec-tors.

355, Photocopying, subclasses 32+ formulticolor photocopying projectingand copying cameras; subclass 88, formulticolor contact printing.

359, Optical: Systems and Elements, sub-class 491.01 for polarization ele-ments with color filters, subclasses618+ for light dividing, combining orplural image forming and subclasses885+ for absorption filters, per se.

399, Electrophotography, appropriate sub-classes for plural diverse color involv-ing exposure, development, transfer,fixing, and cleaning in an electropho-tographic device.

430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Pro-cess, Composition, or ProductThereof, appropriate subclasses forchemical radiation imagery involvingcolor.

306 Using a lenticular element:This subclass is indented under subclass 305.Subject matter including means involving theinterposition of a planar surface composed of aplurality of transmitting elements, each havinga curved surface, between a subject and thelight-sensitive surface.


1February 2011

(1) Note. Lenticular elements may beapplied directly or in conjunction with aphotosensitive film. Apparatus designedfor use with such a composite film thatnecessitates the inclusion of additionalcolor selective elements (e.g., filters,etc.) is classified herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:322+, and particularly 327, for means to

record plural images that include len-ticular elements and not limited bycolor selective means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:353, Optics: Image Projectors, appropriate

subclasses for projectors involvinglenticular film.

359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-nication) and Elements, subclasses619+ for a surface composed of len-ticular elements, per se.

307 Plural color filter sections: This subclass is indented under subclass 306.Subject matter including a color selective ele-ment composed of plural portions that areselective to different colors, e.g., trichromic fil-ter disk composed of red, green, and blue selec-tive juxtaposed sections or portions.



308 Simultaneous recording of images: This subclass is indented under subclass 305.Subject matter wherein the individual picturesare recorded on separate light sensitive sur-faces at the same time.

(1) Note. Recording the individual picturesor images on contiguous portions of thesame film by separate light paths isproper for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:305, where the images are recorded succes-

sively.

306, for producing a color image usingmonochrome film utilizing an elementcomprising a planar surface havingmultiple lenses thereon.

322+, for plural simultaneous image record-ing, in general.

309 Images recorded on separate films: This subclass is indented under subclass 308.Subject matter wherein the separate light sensi-tive surfaces are on different light sensitivematerial.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:446, for plural film in a camera.

310 WITH DATA RECORDING: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter including camera struc-ture and means for storing photographic infor-mation either on the photographic medium oron a separate storage element.

(1) Note. Photographic information includesexposure information as well as otherinformation related to a photograph suchas date, place, or operator name.

(2) Note. The data recorded is auxiliary tothe image being recorded.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:322+, for plural image recording.549+, for phototype composing having letter

or other symbol transfer to a photo-graphic medium.

FOR 766+, for foreign art collections involvingexposure identification.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:346, Recorders, appropriate subclasses for

data recorders, per se.352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 90

for devices to place titles on motionpictures.

355, Photocopying, subclass 39 and 40+for means to mark photosensitive sur-faces which are also used to copy anoriginal or carrier (document or nega-tive) and does not involve a threedimensional subject.


February 2011

378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems orDevices, subclasses 162+ for expo-sure identification of X-ray photo-graphs.

311 Data for control of subsequent processing offilm:This subclass is indented under subclass 310.Subject matter wherein the data recorded bythe camera provides input for processing appa-ratus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:60, for a camera with pseudo zoom data

recording.

312 Sound:This subclass is indented under subclass 310.Subject matter wherein audio information isrecorded.

313 Having handwritten data:This subclass is indented under subclass 310.Subject matter wherein photographic data isplaced on the photographic medium by a hand-held instrument.

314 Having transfer strip:This subclass is indented under subclass 313.Subject matter wherein data is transferred tothe photographic medium from a carrier bypressure.


exposure identification by transferstrip.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:462, Books, Strips and Leaves for Mani-

folding, subclasses 25+ for transferstrips, per se.

315 Optical:Subject matter under 310 wherein data isrecorded using light.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:346, Recorders, subclasses 107.1+ for pho-

tographic data recorders, per se.

316 Mask or stencil:This subclass is indented under subclass 315.Subject matter including means for blockinglight from the film to form indicia.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:435+, for means to variably mask portions

of a frame, in general.556+, for phototype composing using sten-

cil-type characters.FOR 768+, for foreign art collections involving

exposure identification by stencil.

317 Having auxiliary illumination:This subclass is indented under subclass 316.Subject matter wherein a camera itself gener-ates light for illuminating the mask or stencil.

318 Segmented alphanumeric indicia:This subclass is indented under subclass 315.Subject matter wherein discrete optical ele-ments are patterned in such a way that indiciarepresenting letters or numbers are formed.

319 Magnetically on film or film cassette:This subclass is indented under subclass 310.Subject matter wherein data is recorded onto amagnetic medium which is a part of the film orfilm cassette.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Stor-

age and Retrieval, appropriate sub-classes for dynamic magnetic infor-mation storage or retrieval means.

365, Static Information Storage andRetrieval, appropriate subclasses forstatically storing or retrieving infor-mation on a magnetic medium in gen-eral.

320 Recording head position control:This subclass is indented under subclass 319.Subject matter which includes means to locatea recording head relative to the magneticmedium.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Stor-

age and Retrieval, subclasses 75+ forautomatic head control in dynamic


1February 2011

magnetic information storage orretrieval, in general.

321 Removable semiconductor memory:This subclass is indented under subclass 310.Subject matter wherein data is recorded into anintegrated circuit memory temporarily attachedto a camera body or film cassette.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:211, for a detachable memory card which

provides exposure data to a camerasystem.


Retrieval, appropriate subclasses forstatically storing or retrieving infor-mation utilizing semiconductive ele-ments in general.

322 PLURAL IMAGE RECORDING: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to photo-graphically record (1) plural images on one ormore frames by a single exposure or (2) pluralexposures on a single frame.

(1) Note. As indicated in the search notesbelow, this section does not provide for aplurality of single plate or frame expo-sures taken successively with a corre-sponding movement of unexposed plateor film frames into exposing position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:305+, for means for forming plural color

sensitive images utilizing mono-chrome film.

353, and 354+, for reflex cameras whichmay allow successive recording ofplural images.

360+, for a magazine camera which mayallow recording plural images succes-sively.

323 Having alternative single image recording: This subclass is indented under subclass 322.Subject matter including means to select pluralimage recording or single image recording dur-ing a single exposure.

(1) Note. A stereoscopic camera includingmeans to allow making nonstereoscopicexposures such as single frame expo-sures are proper for this subclass.

324 Stereoscopic: This subclass is indented under subclass 322.Subject matter wherein the plural imagesrecorded correspond to the perspectives offeredby a right and left eye.


57+ for stereoscopic motion picturecameras.

353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclasses7+ for stereoscopic image projectors.

359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-nication) and Elements, subclasses462+ for miscellaneous stereoscopicdevices.

378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems orDevices, subclasses 41+ for methodand apparatus for making stereoscopicX-ray photographic exposures.

325 Plural camera arrangement: This subclass is indented under subclass 324.Subject matter having more than one cameraeach with its own lens and housing system.

(1) Note. Included here is a stereoscopicplural camera mount, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:326+, for plural spaced lens systems with a

common housing, and subclasses322+ for dual cameras which recordplural images and are not limited tostereoscopic recording.

326 Single camera with plural spaced objectives: This subclass is indented under subclass 324.Subject matter wherein a single camera hasplural spaced lenses for recording separateimages.

327 With lenticular screen, mirror, or prism: This subclass is indented under subclass 326.Subject matter including a plane surface com-posed of a plurality of transmitting curved ele-ments, a reflector, or a transparent body


February 2011

bounded in part by two plane surfaces angu-larly related (i.e., not parallel) where at leastone of the plane surfaces is internally reflectingor refracting to impinging incident light.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:331, for plural image reflection onto a sin-

gle objective.


nication) and Elements, subclasses619+ for a surface composed of len-ticular elements, subclasses 831+ forprisms, and subclasses 838+ forreflectors.

328 Having film feed or guide: This subclass is indented under subclass 326.Subject matter including means to move a pho-tographic medium or to direct a photographicmedium in a desired path.


in general.440+, for film-restraining means or a pres-

sure plate.

329 Having adjustable camera mount:This subclass is indented under subclass 324.Subject matter including means to adjust thepositioning of a camera to effect the recordingof plural images that are to give the impressionof solidity or relief.

(1) Note. An adjustable single camera ste-reoscopic mount, per se, is classifiedhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:325, for a stereoscopic plural camera

mount, per se.FOR 914, for a foreign art collection involving

a stereoscopic mounting or rest.

330 Having lenticular screen:This subclass is indented under subclass 324.Subject matter including a planar surface com-posed of a plurality of transmitting elementseach having a curved surface.


nication) and Elements, subclasses619+ for a surface composed of len-ticular elements.

331 Plural image reflection onto single objective: This subclass is indented under subclass 324.Subject matter including means having two ormore mirrors or prisms for reflecting theirimages onto a lens.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:351, for means to reflect an image to film.


nication) and Elements, subclasses831+ for prisms, per se, and sub-classes 838+ for reflectors, per se.

332 Simultaneous recording of plural distinctsubjects:This subclass is indented under subclass 322.Subject matter which records at the same timetwo or more images of subjects at locationshaving diverse optical paths to a camera focalplane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:310+, for image and photographic data

recording.FOR 770, for a foreign art collection involving

exposure identification including aux-iliary identification photographingsystem.

333 Simultaneous recording of single subject: This subclass is indented under subclass 322.Subject matter having means within an integralhousing to facilitate simultaneously recordingplural images of a single subject.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:308+, for simultaneous recording of color

images using monochrome film.324+, for recording plural stereoscopic

images.


1February 2011

334 Different planes: This subclass is indented under subclass 333.Subject matter wherein the images are recordedin diverse planes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:309, for simultaneous recording of color

images using monochrome film wherethe images are recorded on separatefilms.

335 Sequential recording on different areas of asingle frame: This subclass is indented under subclass 322.Subject matter wherein exposures are madeupon successive portions of a single frame of aphotographic medium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:20+, for a scanning camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or

Devices, subclasses 167+ for photo-graphic detector supports includingfilm and plate moving and positioningmeans.

336 Including rotary objective or photographicmedium support: This subclass is indented under subclass 335.Subject matter wherein successive exposuresare obtained by relative revolving movement ofa lens and a light sensitive surface holderbetween exposures.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:387+, for camera structure and film drive, in

general.

337 Including preobjective mask: This subclass is indented under subclass 335.Subject matter wherein an element is disposedor attached between the subject and the lens tolimit the exposure areas of the successive por-tions of exposed material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:435+, for post-objective masking, in gen-

eral.

338 Including shiftable objective or photo-graphic medium support: This subclass is indented under subclass 335.Subject matter wherein successive sections arebrought into exposure position by relativeshifting movement between a lens and a lightsensitive surface holder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:336, for relative rotary movement.387+, for camera structure and film drive, in

general.

339 Shiftable photographic medium supportonly: This subclass is indented under subclass 338.Subject matter wherein only the light sensitivesurface holder is moved.

340 Including shiftable post-objective mask: This subclass is indented under subclass 335.Subject matter wherein successive light sensi-tive sections are exposed by shifting an aper-tured opaque device that is located between theobjective and the light sensitive surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:435+, for post-objective masking, in gen-

eral.

341 BELLOWS OBJECTIVE CAMERA:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter including a flexible (usu-ally pleated) opaque cylinder expandable alongthe optical axis of an objective and which con-nects the objective with a camera body.

(1) Note. The expandable (i.e., bellows) por-tion of this type of camera which joinsan objective to a camera body may eitherbe recited or disclosed for classificationherein.


February 2011

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:145, for a mechanical focusing mechanism

in a bed or bellows camera in whichan exposure objective is displaced.

350, for a foldable or collapsible camerawith pivoting lens which may havebellows structure joining diverse cam-era housing portions.

373+, for a bellows viewfinder.FOR 805, for a foreign art collection involving

a bellows reflex camera having singleobjective.

FOR 848, for a foreign art collection involvingdouble exposure prevention havingextensible camera structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, sub-

classes 121+ for corrugated bellows,per se.

342 Camera front or lens mount angularlyadjustable: This subclass is indented under subclass 341.Subject matter wherein a camera front orobjective mount is pivotable with respect to aphotographic medium plane so that the plane ofthe camera front or objective mount is not par-allel to the photographic medium plane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:437, for a camera back or film carrier

angularly adjustable.

343 Having lens movable in its plane: This subclass is indented under subclass 341.Subject matter including means to move anobjective within a single plane that is perpen-dicular to the lens axis.


nication) and Elements, subclasses813+ for lens support, per se, whichincludes relatively movable portionsto permit movement of the lens in asingle plane.

344 Having guide and lock: This subclass is indented under subclass 341.Subject matter including guides or ways on acamera base along which a lens holder movesand clamping means to hold the lens holder atvarious positions along the base.

345 Having hinged base attached to bellows: This subclass is indented under subclass 341.Subject matter including a hinge joining a baseor front of the camera with the pleated expand-able element.

346 Having self-erecting lens holder: This subclass is indented under subclass 345.Subject matter wherein a lens holder, con-nected to the bellows, is moved into operatingposition as the hinged base or front is movedfrom a closed inoperative position to an openoperative position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:349, for a folding camera which stows an

axially moving nonbellows objective.350, for a folding camera which stows a

pivoting nonbellows objective.

347 Hinged linkage between objective mountand housing: This subclass is indented under subclass 341.Subject matter wherein hinged braces betweenan objective support and a camera housing pro-vide support for the bellows or help to maintainthe bellows at a particular extension.

(1) Note. A typical example of such a struc-ture is the “lazy tong”.

348 FOLDING OR COLLAPSIBLE CAMERA: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter including means to effecta reduction in camera size from an operativecondition to an inoperative condition.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:341+, for a bellows objective camera.373+, for a folding or collapsible view-

finder.FOR 805, for a foreign art collection involving

a folding reflex camera having singleobjective.


1February 2011

FOR 848, for a foreign art collection involvingdouble exposure prevention havingfolding camera structure.

349 Having axially moving lens:This subclass is indented under subclass 348.Subject matter wherein a camera lens movesparallel to its optical axis during folding or col-lapsing.

350 Having pivoting lens:This subclass is indented under subclass 348.Subject matter wherein a camera lens partiallyrotates about an axis located in the plane of thelens during folding or collapsing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:346, for a bellows objective camera with

self-erecting lens holder.

351 HAVING MEANS TO REFLECT IMAGETO FILM: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter including a mirror toreflect the light rays from an object onto a lightsensitive surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:21, for a scanning camera which includes

a reflector.FOR 797, for a foreign art collection involving

a camera which reflects an image tofilm.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 94

for a motion picture camera withdeflected field of view.

359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-nication) and Elements, subclasses838+ for a mirror, per se.

352 Having reflex mirror:This subclass is indented under subclass 351.Subject matter which includes means to reflectlight passing through the objective lens to aviewfinder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:186, for illumination means and a reflex

camera.

353, for a twin lens reflex camera.354+, for a single lens reflex camera.447, for details of a camera reflex mirror.

353 TWIN LENS REFLEX CAMERA: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter comprising camera struc-ture with two similar lenses, one a camera lensand one for a viewfinder, which are so coupledthat they both focus on exactly the same planeand the viewfinder shows the view as focusedby the camera lens.


camera.354+, for a single lens reflex camera.447, for details of a camera reflex mirror.FOR 798, for a foreign art collection involving

a twin lens reflex camera.

354 SINGLE LENS REFLEX CAMERA: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter comprising camera struc-ture with one lens and a mirror to reflect imagelight passing through the lens to a viewfinder.


camera.353, for a twin lens reflex camera.447, for details of a camera reflex mirror.FOR 799+, for foreign art collections involving

a reflex camera with single objective.

355 Having shutter and additional means toblock light from film (e.g., screen): This subclass is indented under subclass 354.Subject matter having means to obstruct lightfrom the light sensitive surface in addition to ashutter.


a reflex camera with single objectiveand light blocking from film.

356 Having manually operated mirror:This subclass is indented under subclass 354.Subject matter wherein the mirror is movedinto and out of the image light path by hand.


February 2011


a reflex camera with single objectivehaving manipulating means.

357 Having focal plane shutter:This subclass is indented under subclass 354.Subject matter including a shutter positionedadjacent to the plane where an image will beformed on a photographic medium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:452+, for details of a camera shutter.

358 With mirror support or drive:This subclass is indented under subclass 354.Subject matter which includes a mount for themirror or means to move the mirror.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:356, for a manually operated mirror.


nication) and Elements, subclasses871+ for a mirror with mount, per se.

359 Plate camera:This subclass is indented under subclass 354.Subject matter including two or more light sen-sitive surfaces, herein called “plates,” not in thesame plane which are encased within a cameraand are brought to the exposure position one ata time without opening the receiver to light.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:360+, for a generic magazine camera which

utilizes photographic plates.FOR 804, for a foreign art collection involving

a reflex plate camera having singleobjective.

360 MAGAZINE CAMERA: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter wherein two or morelight-sensitive surfaces (herein called “plates”),not in the same plane, are encased within acamera structure or light-tight receiver attach-able thereto and are brought to the exposure

position one at a time without opening the cam-era or receiver to light or removing the receiverfrom the camera.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:30+, for self-developing cameras which

may include a film magazine.335+, for plural image recording formed

successively on a single plate.359, for a plate-type single lens reflex cam-

era.517+, for plate or cut film holders.FOR 822+, for foreign art collections involving

a magazine camera.


98+ for individual picture plate type.378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or

Devices, subclasses 167+ for photo-graphic detector supports includingfilm and plate moving and positioningmeans.

361 Rotatable magazine: This subclass is indented under subclass 360.Subject matter wherein the plates are mountedon a turret or drum magazine which is rotatable360 degrees and which places a new plate inthe exposure position upon a predeterminedamount of rotation (e.g., a turret may have 2 ormore sides with plates mounted on each sideand pivoted at its center).


a magazine camera having a rotatablemagazine.

362 Flexible light guard for entrance of hand: This subclass is indented under subclass 360.Subject matter wherein a flexible end to themagazine box or light guard admits the hand ofthe operator to the box to permit a change ofthe plate which is effected by hand guidance ofthe changing mechanism or by a handhold onthe plate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:590+, for a fluid-treating, dark cabinet with

hand insertion.


1February 2011

FOR 824, for a foreign art collection involvinga magazine camera with a hand-changed plate.

363 Tilting receiver: This subclass is indented under subclass 360.Subject matter wherein the change of the platefrom storage to exposure position or vice versa,necessitates vertical tilting of a receiver hold-ing more than one plate in different planes.

(1) Note. Receivers which are hinged to thecamera or to another in order that theymay be moved out of the way when notin use, but which can be kept immovablefor successive transfers, are not placedhere, but are classified according to themethod of transfer.


a magazine camera with tilting maga-zine.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:221, Article Dispensing, subclasses 186+

for article dispensers in which thesupply container is movably mountedfor dispensing.

364 Flexible carrier for plates: This subclass is indented under subclass 360.Subject matter wherein the magazine is charac-terized by flexible carrier means (e.g., a belt)for transferring the plates between the storageand exposure positions.


a magazine camera having flexiblecarrier for plates.

365 Having tab means: This subclass is indented under subclass 364.Subject matter wherein each sensitized platehas its own carrier with a tab portion for manu-ally pulling the plate around a curved track toor from the exposure area.


a magazine camera having flexiblecarrier for plates including tab means.

366 Sliding plate: This subclass is indented under subclass 360.Subject matter wherein plates are moved in astraight line.


a magazine camera having a slidingplate.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:221, Article Dispensing, subclasses 268+

for article dispensers not otherwiseprovided for having reciprocating(including oscillating) means forejecting the articles therefrom.

367 Sliding and return: This subclass is indented under subclass 366.Subject matter wherein plates are moved to anexposure position and back to the receiver inalternate directions.


a magazine camera having a platewhich slides and returns.

368 Intermediate exposure chamber: This subclass is indented under subclass 366.Subject matter wherein the plate is moved to anexposure position between two other platereceivers.


a magazine camera having a slidingplate and intermediate exposurechamber.

369 Quarter-turned plate: This subclass is indented under subclass 360.Subject matter including two receivers withplates, the planes of these plates are perpendic-


February 2011

ular to each other, and means for exposing theplates or transferring them from one receiver tothe other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:363, for rotating an entire receiver.FOR 831+, for foreign art collections involving

a magazine camera having a quarter-turned plate.

370 Tilting: This subclass is indented under subclass 369.Subject matter wherein the plate transfer fromone receiver to the other is effected by swing-ing the plate upon an axis in or near one of itsedges.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:363, for rotating an entire receiver.FOR 832+, for foreign art collections involving

a magazine camera having a tiltingquarter-turned plate.

371 Base guide: This subclass is indented under subclass 370.Subject matter wherein the plate is guided at itsbase during movement between its two storagepositions.


a magazine camera having a tiltingquarter-turned plate with base guides.

372 Rear plates replaceable: This subclass is indented under subclass 360.Subject matter wherein the plates are removedfrom one end or face of a receiver and replacedat the other end or back of the same receiver ina plane parallel to their first positions.

(1) Note. A space does not cease to be thesame receiver in the sense used in theabove definition because it is divided bya partition whose plane is parallel to thatof the plates and which moves trans-versely to this plane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:362, for hand-changed plates using a flexi-

ble light guard.363, for tilting the receiver.FOR 834, for a foreign art collection involving

a magazine camera with rear platereplaceable.

373 WITH VIEWFINDER: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter including camera struc-ture combined with means to show a scene thatwill be included in a frame.

(1) Note. If no camera structure is claimedthen the viewfinders, per se, will be clas-sified elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:141, for rangefinder and viewfinders. 148+, for lens focusing and viewfinders. 296, for a camera indicator in a viewfinder.FOR 859+, for foreign art collections involving

a camera viewfinder.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:33, Geometrical Instruments, subclasses

227+ for finders that do not deflectlight.

348, Television, subclasses 333 and 341for television camera viewfinder ordisplay monitor.

352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 171for viewfinder and motion picturecameras.

356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, sub-classes 247+ for fiducial instruments.

374 Electronic:This subclass is indented under subclass 373.Subject matter in which the scene is electricallyreproduced on a viewing screen, such as anLCD monitor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:348, Television, subclass 333.01 for televi-

sion camera electronic viewfinder ordisplay monitor.


1February 2011

375 Lensless: This subclass is indented under subclass 373.Subject matter in which the scene is vieweddirectly without any optics.

376 Pose reflector:This subclass is indented under subclass 373.Subject matter having means to reflect animage of a human subject as seen in the view-finder back to the human subject.


a camera viewfinder having posereflector.


nication) and Elements, subclasses838+ for mirror, per se.

377 Parallax correction:This subclass is indented under subclass 373.Subject matter including means to correct thedifference between an actual view covered bythe exposure objective and an apparent viewseen by the viewfinder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:140, for parallax correction in a mechani-

cal rangefinder coupled with focus-ing.

FOR 861, for a foreign art collection involvinga camera viewfinder having parallaxcorrection.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:348, Television, subclass 333.09 for paral-

lax correction.

378 Selective or adjustable viewfinder field:This subclass is indented under subclass 373.Subject matter having means to choosebetween plural viewfinder fields or to vary aviewfinder field.


a camera viewfinder having selectiveor adjustable viewfinder field.

379 Zoom:This subclass is indented under subclass 378.Subject matter in which a focal length or angleof view can be adjusted continuously.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:72+, for variable focal length of camera

objective.

380 Variable size of mask opening:This subclass is indented under subclass 378.Subject matter in which a portion of the scenethat is viewed is changeable by altering thedimension of a viewing aperture.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:435+, for variable frame masking.

381 Variable orientation of finder image:This subclass is indented under subclass 378.Subject matter in which the position of a maskopening is changeable between horizontal andvertical.

382 Lens detail:This subclass is indented under subclass 373.Subject matter including specifics of an opticalcomponent that refractively focuses light.


nication) and Elements, subclasses642+ for a lens, per se.

383 Selective or adjustable viewing position:This subclass is indented under subclass 373.Subject matter which permits an operator toview one of several viewfinder images on fixeddiverse planes or which permits angular adjust-ment of the viewfinder.

(1) Note. The viewfinder may have a view-ing window or screens which are at 90degrees to each other.


a camera viewfinder having selectiveor adjustable viewing position.


February 2011

384 With prism:This subclass is indented under subclass 373.Subject matter having means to internallyreflect or refract the light such as a pentaprismor porro prism.


nication) and Elements, subclasses831+ for a prism, per se.

385 With reflector:This subclass is indented under subclass 373.Subject matter having means for returning lightstriking a surface into the medium from whichit came.


a camera viewfinder having a reflec-tor.



386 Plural:This subclass is indented under subclass 385.Subject matter having more than one reflector.


a camera viewfinder having pluralreflectors.

387 WITH FILM DRIVE: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having camera structureand means to convert energy to produce orimpart motion to a light-sensitive material.

(1) Note. If no camera structure is claimed,then the drive means, per se, would beclassified in the appropriate mechanicaldrive class. See SEARCH CLASSbelow for typical mechanical driveclasses and search notes attached theretofor lines with other classes.


a camera motor film drive.FOR 852+, for foreign art collections involving

camera film advance.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate

Length, appropriate subclasses formaterial advancement, per se, by act-ing on the material intermediate itslength.

242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 324+ for unwinding andrewinding a machine convertibleinformation carrier, per se.

388 Detachable drive unit:This subclass is indented under subclass 387.Subject matter wherein a device providingpowered film movement is readily removablefrom or attachable to a camera body.

389 Double exposure prevention:This subclass is indented under subclass 387.Subject matter wherein the camera has somestructure which inhibits two superimposedimages.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:285, for double exposure warning.FOR 847+, for foreign art collections involving

camera double exposure prevention.

390 Midroll interrupt:This subclass is indented under subclass 389.Subject matter wherein the camera has struc-ture enabling the removal of a roll of film priorto exposure of the entire roll and to return theroll of film at a later time for completion of theexposure of the roll of film.

391 Having manual override:This subclass is indented under subclass 389.Subject matter including means to permit theoperator to manually manipulate a shutter actu-ating means so that the double exposure can bemade.


1February 2011


manual override of camera doubleexposure prevention.

392 Having film-sensing member:This subclass is indented under subclass 389.Subject matter including means for engaging afilm to detect a state of film advancement and,responsive to the detection, either permitting orprohibiting exposure.

393 Having double cable release:This subclass is indented under subclass 389.Subject matter including two synchronouslyoperated elongated actuators, one for the filmdrive and the other for a shutter release.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:504, for cable release, in general.

394 Responsive to film-winding lever:This subclass is indented under subclass 389.Subject matter in which a manually operatedmember for film transport cocks a shutter orreleases a shutter lock.

395 Film movement limiting means:This subclass is indented under subclass 387.Subject matter including means to restrict filmadvancement to an increment corresponding toone film frame.


interlocking film advance and shuttertension or setting including filmmovement limiting.

FOR 853, for a foreign art collection involvingfilm advancing means having filmmovement limiting.

396 From film drive transmission member:This subclass is indented under subclass 395.Subject matter wherein a mechanical drivingmechanism controls the amount of filmadvancement to the desired increment withoutsensing film movement.

397 From film itself:This subclass is indented under subclass 395.Subject matter including means to detect filmmovement and in response to the detection lim-iting advancement to the desired increment.

398 Having switch actuated by perforation sens-ing pawl:This subclass is indented under subclass 397.Subject matter wherein the means for detectingfilm movement is a member which rides on thefilm and in response to a film opening makesor breaks a circuit connection.

399 Having film locked by perforation sensingpawl:This subclass is indented under subclass 397.Subject matter wherein engagement of a mem-ber which rides on the film and in response to afilm opening directly restrains further advance-ment of the film.

400 Having film transport mechanism locked byperforation sensing pawl:This subclass is indented under subclass 397.Subject matter wherein movement of a memberwhich rides on the film and in response to afilm opening shifts a member to prohibit fur-ther operation of the film drive means.

401 Film transport cocks shutter:This subclass is indented under subclass 387.Subject matter wherein a motive power formoving the film also charges a shutter mecha-nism.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:443, for camera element cocking or reset-

ting in general.FOR 844+, for foreign art collections involving

interlocking film advance and shuttertension or setting.

402 Film transport cocks shutter and mirror:This subclass is indented under subclass 401.Subject matter wherein the motive power alsocharges a reflex mirror.

403 Having mechanically actuated circuit:This subclass is indented under subclass 387.Subject matter wherein a film drive circuit istriggered by the motion of a physical element.


February 2011

(1) Note. This would include, for example,a cam-actuated circuit.

(2) Note. A significant electronic film drivecircuit not mechanically actuated is clas-sified in subclasses 406+.

404 Film feed error detection or end of filmdetection:This subclass is indented under subclass 403.Subject matter wherein a mechanically actu-ated circuit senses improper film movement ormaximum film extension from its container.

405 Rewind:This subclass is indented under subclass 403.Subject matter wherein a mechanically actu-ated circuit reverses film movement at thecompletion of all desired exposures thereon.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:410, for a significant electronic rewind cir-

cuit.413, for mechanical detail of a rewind


film advance including rewind means.

406 Having significant electronic circuit detail:This subclass is indented under subclass 387.Subject matter having a particular electrical orelectronic device for controlling film move-ment.


automatic film advance having elec-tronically timed electrical motor.

407 Prewind:This subclass is indented under subclass 406.Subject matter wherein the electrical or elec-tronic device controls a mechanism to with-draw the entire length of film from the filmcontainer prior to a first exposure.

408 Initialization:This subclass is indented under subclass 406.Subject matter wherein the electronic circuitcontrols film movement prior to the firstdesired exposure.

409 Film feed error detection or end of filmdetection:This subclass is indented under subclass 406.Subject matter having electrical or electronicmeans to sense improper film movement ormaximum film extension from its container.

410 Rewind:This subclass is indented under subclass 406.Subject matter having an electrical or elec-tronic circuit which reverses film movement atthe completion of all desired exposuresthereon.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:405, for a mechanically actuated rewind

circuit.413, for mechanical details of a rewind


film advance including rewind means.

411 Mechanical detail:This subclass is indented under subclass 387.Subject matter wherein the subject matterrelates to miscellaneous mechanical structureor particular mechanical features of the filmdrive.

412 Spring motor:This subclass is indented under subclass 411.Subject matter including means to mechani-cally store energy.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:185, Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal

Powered, subclasses 37+ for a springmotor, per se.

413 Rewind:This subclass is indented under subclass 411.Subject matter comprising means to reversefilm movement at the completion of all desiredexposures thereon.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:405, for a mechanically actuated rewind

circuit.410, for a significant electronic rewind cir-

cuit.


1February 2011

FOR 854, for a foreign art collection involvingfilm advance including rewind means.


124 for rewinding of film strip.

414 Posterior film roll:This subclass is indented under subclass 411.Subject matter having a photographic mediumroll which lies behind the plane upon which anexposure is made.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:511+, for a removable film holder unit.FOR 856, for a foreign art collection involving

film advance including a posteriorroll.

415 Having threading structure:This subclass is indented under subclass 411.Subject matter including means for the initialadvancement of a film leader from a supplychamber to a take-up chamber.

416 Drive means having rectilinear path:This subclass is indented under subclass 411.Subject matter wherein a member supplyingmotive power to the film moves linearly whilein engagement with the film.

417 Sheet film:This subclass is indented under subclass 411.Subject matter wherein transported film com-prises an individual piece of rectangular or cutfilm.

418 Including electric motor:This subclass is indented under subclass 411.Subject matter also having means convertingelectrical energy to mechanical energy to pro-vide motive power.


automatic film advance having anelectric motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems,

appropriate subclasses for electricmotor.

419 CAMERA SUPPORT: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter including structure formaintaining a photographic camera in a fixedposition or fixed path of movement withrespect to some reference point.

(1) Note. Camera structure combined with acamera support is classified here.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12+, for an aerial camera support or holder.329, for an adjustable stereoscopic camera

support.FOR 913+, for foreign art collections involving

a camera mounting or rest.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:108, Horizontally Supported Planar Sur-

faces, appropriate subclasses for ahorizontally supported planar surface.

206, Special Receptacle or Package, sub-class 316.2 for a camera case.

224, Package and Article Carriers, appro-priate subclasses, particularly sub-class 185 for camera carriers that areattached to the operator's body or belt.

248, Supports, for supports of general util-ity, and especially subclasses 163.1+for a plural leg support.

294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-LineImplements, subclass 139 for an opti-cal instrument (e.g., camera) carriergripped and carried by hand.

352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass243 for a motion picture camera withsupport, and see (1) Note thereunder.

420 Operator supported: This subclass is indented under subclass 419.Subject matter wherein a camera operatorassists in maintaining the photographic camerain fixed position.

421 Having stabilization:This subclass is indented under subclass 420.Subject matter wherein provision is made fordamping out vibrations due to the movement ofan operator.


February 2011

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:13, for aerial camera stabilizing.55, for systems which actually sense cam-

era shake and provide subsequent sta-bilization.

422 Having means to attach other photographicaccessories:This subclass is indented under subclass 420.Subject matter which allows additional photo-graphic accessories to be connected to theoperator support.

423 Having strap:This subclass is indented under subclass 420.Subject matter wherein a flat belt providescamera operator support structure.

424 Integral with camera body:This subclass is indented under subclass 420.Subject matter wherein an interface structurebetween the operator and the camera is a con-stituent part of a camera housing.

425 Having release actuator on support:This subclass is indented under subclass 420.Subject matter wherein a shutter release islocated on the support itself.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:502+, for mechanical camera shutter release

means, per se.

426 Having actual or simulated handheldweapon structure:This subclass is indented under subclass 425.Subject matter including an individually carri-able implement of hunting or war or simulatedversion thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:42, Firearms, appropriate subclasses for a

firearm, per se, such as a rifle.124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors,

appropriate subclasses for a mechani-cal projector, per se, such as a cross-bow.

427 Surveillance type:This subclass is indented under subclass 419.Subject matter wherein a camera mount is par-ticularly adapted to permit surreptitious photo-graphic monitoring of an area usually forsecurity purposes.

428 Adjustable support:This subclass is indented under subclass 419.Subject matter wherein the support may beselectively fixed in any one of a plurality ofpositions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:329, for an adjustable stereoscopic camera

support.

429 CAMERA COMBINED WITH OR CON-VERTIBLE TO DIVERSE ART DEVICE: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter wherein a camera is com-bined with means recognized as the subjectmatter of some other class, or selectively per-forms two dissimilar functions by appropriaterearrangement of parts or use of special adaptorstructure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:544+, for a camera attachment, per se.


137 for conversion from a still tomotion picture camera.

430 Convertible to developed image projector orviewer:This subclass is indented under subclass 429.Subject matter wherein a camera is convertibleto a device which projects or allows observa-tion of a visible image.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:353, Image Projectors, for an image pro-

jector, in general.

431 With light beam projector for delineatingfield of view:This subclass is indented under subclass 429.Subject matter wherein a camera is combinedwith a light source which marks object bound-


1February 2011

aries which will appear in a photographicframe.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:362, Illumination, appropriate subclasses

for illumination devices, per se.

432 With diverse compound lens system (e.g.,microscope): This subclass is indented under subclass 429.Subject matter wherein a camera is combinedwith a separate plurality of lenses or lensgroups arranged in series coaxially along anoptical axis so that light rays passing from anobject external to the plurality of lenses forman image of that object, which is subsequentlyviewed and which plurality of lenses or lensgroups is recognized as subject matter ofanother class.


nication) and Elements, subclass 363for a compound lens system whichmay have a broadly recited photo-graphic image recorder where the pri-mary purpose of the system is that ofviewing.

433 With camouflage structure (e.g., spy cam-era):This subclass is indented under subclass 429.Subject matter wherein a camera is combinedwith structure intended to hide the presence ofsuch camera from an outside observer.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:427, for a surveillance-type camera sup-

port.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:89, Ordnance, subclass 36.01 for ord-

nance shrouds or cloaks.428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti-

cles, subclass 919 for a Cross-refer-ence Art Collection related to camou-flaged articles.

434 With radio or clock:This subclass is indented under subclass 429.Subject matter wherein a camera is combinedwith either a wireless audio receiver or time-keeping device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:368, Horology, subclasses 10+ for a

detailed horological device combinedwith disparate device.

455, Telecommunications, subclasses 344+for a detailed telecommunicationsreceiver combined with diverse artdevice.

435 VARIABLE FRAME MASKING: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to changethe physical dimensions of the exposed area ofa frame utilizing an opaque element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:337, for plural image recording which

includes a preobjective mask.FOR 806, for a foreign art collection involving

camera with picture size variable.


79+ for plural picture size motion pic-tures.

436 Having wide aspect ratio:This subclass is indented under subclass 435.Subject matter wherein longitudinal strips atthe top and bottom of a frame are simulta-neously blocked off by an opaque element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:20+, for a scanning camera.

437 CAMERA BACK OR FILM CARRIERANGULARLY ADJUSTABLE: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to cover therear of a camera or means to support a photo-graphic medium wherein either is shiftablewith respect to an objective so that the verticalplane of the objective is not parallel to a planeof the means to cover the rear of a camera or ofthe means to support a photographic medium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:342, for a bellows objective camera having

a front or lens mount which is angu-larly adjustable.


February 2011

FOR 807, for a foreign art collection involvinga camera having camera back or filmcarrier angularly adjustable.

438 DAGUERREOTYPE: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter relating to that branch ofphotography known as “daguerreotypy” inwhich sensitization and development aresecured by the use of mercury vapor to producea positive image on a silver coated copperplate.

(1) Note. Included here also is a plate vise orholder, per se, which is adapted fordaguerreotype use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:579, for gaseous treating photographic

apparatus, in general.654, for photographic plate holders, in gen-

eral.658+, for burnishing, in general.

439 CAMERA DETAIL: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter which defines miscella-neous structure or particular details of a cam-era.


camera details.


diaphragm, shutter, or shading boardin an electrophotography device.

440 Film restraining means or pressure plate:This subclass is indented under subclass 439.Subject matter having means to press or hold afilm in a plane.


film restraining means.

441 Pneumatic or magnetic:This subclass is indented under subclass 440.Subject matter in which a force to press or holdthe film is generated by a pressure differentialcreated by a gas medium or by a magnet.

442 On camera door:This subclass is indented under subclass 440.Subject matter in which the means to press orhold the film is located on a closure member.

443 Camera element cocking or resetting:This subclass is indented under subclass 439.Subject matter having means to move cameracomponents to a ready position in preparationfor taking a picture.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:401+, for film transport that cocks shutter.FOR 891, for a foreign art collection involving

a pivoting or rotating blade shutterand cocking means.

444 Shutter charging lever on lens housing:This subclass is indented under subclass 443.Subject matter wherein an elongated memberfor cocking a shutter is on the body structuresurrounding the optical elements.

445 Film cutoff:This subclass is indented under subclass 439.Subject matter having means for cutting a por-tion of a light-sensitive material from a strip.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:613, for photographic cutting in a fluid

treating apparatus.FOR 851, for a foreign art collection involving

film cut-off.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:242, Winding and Reeling, subclasses

522+ for convolute winding with cut-ting.

355, Photocopying, subclass 29 for meansto cut film in projection printing.

446 Plural film types:This subclass is indented under subclass 439.Subject matter wherein the camera structureprovides for an alternative use of more than


1February 2011

one type of supply or size of light sensitivematerial for recording.

(1) Note. Excluded herein are mere plateholders having provision for acceptingplates of diverse sizes (i.e., plate holderkit).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:309, for plural film in a camera used for

color photography which utilizesmonochrome film.

322+, for plural image recording.519+, for plate or cut film holder kit.FOR 850, for a foreign art collection involving

a plural film-type camera.


79+ for motion pictures with pluralpicture sizes or types.

447 Reflex mirror:This subclass is indented under subclass 439.Subject matter comprising means for selec-tively reflecting light from an optical path ofthe camera lens to a viewfinder to enablethrough the lens viewing of the object.

(1) Note. Included here are submirrorswhich operate in conjunction with thereflex mirror.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:353, for twin lens reflex camera.354+, for single lens reflex camera.


nication) and Elements, subclasses838+ for mirrors, per se.

448 Lens cover:This subclass is indented under subclass 439.Subject matter comprising integral camerastructure for protecting the object side of alens.

449 Diaphragm shutter unit:This subclass is indented under subclass 439.Subject matter comprising a single means tointerrupt and control light passing through thelens to a light sensitive material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:471, for plural shutters.FOR 870, for a foreign art collection involving

a shutter and diaphragm formed fromthe same pivoted or sliding plates.

450 Sliding plate:This subclass is indented under subclass 449.Subject matter wherein the light interruptermeans is a stiff sheet which travels in a linearpath.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:483+, for sliding plate-type shutter.

451 Between the lens components:This subclass is indented under subclass 449.Subject matter wherein the light interrupter isplaced between the front and rear lens compo-nents of an objective.

452 Shutter:This subclass is indented under subclass 439.Subject matter comprising means to interruptthe light passing through the lens to a light sen-sitive material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:180+, for shutters synchronized with illumi-

nation means.246+, for exposure control circuit control-

ling shutter speed function only.FOR 866+, for foreign art collections involving

details of a camera shutter.


subclasses, especially subclasses204+ for shutters utilized in motionpicture apparatus.

355, Photocopying, subclass 121 for shut-ter utilized in photocopying, and seesearch notes for other search areas inClass 355.


February 2011

359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-nication) and Elements, subclasses227+ for movable opaque light con-trol element, per se; subclasses 237+for optical modulator (including elec-tro-optical), and subclasses 738+ forlens having light limiting or control-ling means, and see notes attachedthereto for the line with Class 396.

453 Having braking or damping:This subclass is indented under subclass 452.Subject matter comprising means to slow thespeed of the light interrupting member.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:235, for exposure control circuit with

velocity control of shutter or dia-phragm component.

FOR 892, for a foreign art collection involvingcamera shutter having pivoting orrotating blade and brake means.

454 Having braking or damping member in pathof shutter:This subclass is indented under subclass 453.Subject matter wherein the means to slow thespeed intersects a path of travel of the lightinterrupting member so that there is contactbetween the light interrupting member and themeans to slow a speed.

455 Having pneumatic or electromagnetic brak-ing or damping:This subclass is indented under subclass 453.Subject matter wherein a force to slow thespeed is generated by a pressure differentialcreated by a gas medium or by a soft-irondevice wound with a current carrying coil ofinsulated wire.

456 Of focal plane shutter:This subclass is indented under subclass 453.Subject matter wherein the light interruptingmember is at an image plane of the lens.

457 Electro-optical, magneto-optical, or photo-chromic type:This subclass is indented under subclass 452.Subject matter having an optical mediumwhose light transmission characteristics can bechanged by an application of an electric ormagnetic field or light.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:249, for exposure control circuit for elec-

tro-optical shutter.506, for diaphragm of electro-optical, mag-

neto-optical or photochromic type.FOR 867, for a foreign art collection involving

an electro-optical shutter.


nication) and Elements, subclasses237+ for light intensity modulation.

458 Including diaphragm:This subclass is indented under subclass 452.Subject matter including means to selectivelyvary the amount of light passing through thelens from the given object to a light sensitivematerial.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:505+, for a diaphragm, per se.FOR 868+, for foreign art collections involving

a shutter and diaphragm.

459 Plural selectable apertures:This subclass is indented under subclass 458.Subject matter including multiple differentsized openings which may be chosen to controlthe light.


a shutter having a plural apertureddiaphragm.

460 Including coupled shutter and diaphragm:This subclass is indented under subclass 458.Subject matter having means to connect theshutter and diaphragm so that a means to adjustone will also adjust the other.


a shutter having a coupled diaphragm.


1February 2011

461 Diaphragm blades open for focusing orviewing:This subclass is indented under subclass 458.Subject matter having means for movingblades of a diaphragm to allow the maximumamount of light to pass through for focusing orviewing or means to hold blades of a dia-phragm fully open until the shutter release isactuated.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:509, for a diaphragm, per se, which opens

for focusing or viewing.FOR 872, for a foreign art collection involving

a shutter and diaphragm which opensfor focusing or viewing.

462 Having shutter between lens components:This subclass is indented under subclass 452.Subject matter wherein the shutter is placedbetween front and rear components of a lens.


a shutter located between lens.


nication) and Elements, subclasses642+ for a lens, per se.

463 Dynamo-electric actuator:This subclass is indented under subclass 452.Subject matter having means to convert electri-cal energy to mechanical energy by means ofan electromagnet to cause the shutter to actu-ate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:183, for illumination means combined with

a shutter actuated by a relay or sole-noid.

508, for dynamo-electric actuator of dia-phragm.

FOR 874+, for foreign art collections involvinga dynamo-electric actuated shutter.


Devices, subclasses 160+ for controlcircuits of relays or solenoids.

464 Having planar coil:This subclass is indented under subclass 463.Subject matter wherein the windings of theelectromagnet lie in a single plane.

465 Latching relay:This subclass is indented under subclass 463.Subject matter wherein the armature of theelectromagnet engages a drive element of thelight-intercepting member to hold the drive ele-ment in a fixed position.

466 Plural latching relays:This subclass is indented under subclass 465.Subject matter including more than one arma-tured electromagnet.

467 Plural linear solenoids:This subclass is indented under subclass 463.Subject matter having more than one dynamo-electric means which are constrained to movein a straight line.


Devices, subclasses 166+ for a pluralsolenoid control circuit.

468 Single linear solenoid:This subclass is indented under subclass 463.Subject matter having only one dynamoelectricmeans which is constrained to move in astraight line.


a shutter actuated by a single linearsolenoid.


Devices, subclasses 160+ for a sole-noid control circuit.


February 2011

469 Plural dynamo-electric actuators:This subclass is indented under subclass 463.Subject matter having more than one means toconvert electrical energy to mechanical energyby means of an electromagnet to cause theshutter to actuate.

470 Having spring return:This subclass is indented under subclass 463.Subject matter wherein the means to providethe motive force for restoring the light-inter-cepting member to an initial position is a resil-ient member.

471 Plural shutters:This subclass is indented under subclass 452.Subject matter having more than one means tointerrupt the light.

(1) Note. The means to interrupt the lightare not plural blades for a single openingbut means to interrupt the light in morethan one plane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:449, for diaphragm shutter.FOR 876, for a foreign art collection involving

plural shutters.

472 Having mechanical delayed release means(e.g. self-timer):This subclass is indented under subclass 452.Subject matter including means to mechani-cally defer for a time the initial actuation of theshutter.

(1) Note. An operator actuates the delaymeans and then may enter the picturebefore the shutter is actuated.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:59, for camera release by wireless remote

control circuit.191, for means to delay movement of a

shutter with respect to actuation of anillumination source.

264, for self-timing release control circuit.475+, for mechanically delayed closing of

shutter.502, for mechanical shutter release or actu-

ator means.

FOR 877+, for foreign art collections involvinga shutter having delayed releasemeans.


classes 3.5+ for a retarded latch trip.267, Spring Devices, subclass 71 for a

retarded compression spring and sub-class 74 for a retarded tension spring.

473 Having gear train:This subclass is indented under subclass 472.Subject matter wherein the means to delay theshutter release includes plural gearing.


a shutter having clock-train delayedrelease means.

474 Detachable from camera:This subclass is indented under subclass 473.Subject matter having means to remove thedelay means from the camera.


a shutter having clock-train delayedrelease means which is detachablefrom camera.

475 Having mechanically delayed closing:This subclass is indented under subclass 452.Subject matter having means to mechanicallyhold the shutter fully open for a certain periodof time.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:472, for mechanically delayed release.FOR 896+, for foreign art collections involving

a shutter having pivoting or rotatingblade with retard means.

FOR 907, for a foreign art collection involvinga shutter release and timing means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses

1.42+ for timing apparatus for a cam-era shutter.


1February 2011

476 Including pneumatic means:This subclass is indented under subclass 475.Subject matter wherein the means to hold theshutter open is a member utilizing gaseouspressure differentials.


a pivoting or rotating blade shutterhaving pneumatic retard means.

477 Including gear means:This subclass is indented under subclass 475.Subject matter wherein the means to hold theshutter open is provided by a member with oneor more protuberances or grooves whichinterengage and cooperate with mating protu-berances on, or grooves in, another member toform therewith a positive force means.


a pivoting or rotating blade shutterhaving a gear retard means.

478 Including cam means:This subclass is indented under subclass 475.Subject matter wherein the means to hold theshutter open is provided with a surface of fixedpoints of varying distance from a fixed pointwhich surface is in contact with a follower tovary the time the shutter remains open.


a pivoting or rotating blade shutterhaving a cam retard means.

479 Curtain type:This subclass is indented under subclass 452.Subject matter wherein the light interruptermeans is a resilient or flexible sheet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:194, for curtain shutter and illumination

means.FOR 881+, for foreign art collections involving

a curtain or flexible plate-type shutter.

480 Plural curtains:This subclass is indented under subclass 479.Subject matter having more than one resilientor flexible sheet to form an opening whichpasses across the light sensitive material to pro-duce an exposure.


a shutter having plural curtains orplates.

481 Curtain width opening adjustable:This subclass is indented under subclass 480.Subject matter including means to adjust orcontrol an extent of the opening to produce theexposure.


a curtain shutter having variable cur-tain width opening.

482 Three or more rollers:This subclass is indented under subclass 481.Subject matter including three or more supplyand takeup spools for storing the curtains orflexible plates.


a curtain shutter having variable cur-tain width opening and three or morerollers.

483 Sliding plate type:This subclass is indented under subclass 452.Subject matter wherein the light interruptermeans is a stiff sheet which travels in a linearpath.


a shutter formed by a sliding rigidplate.


February 2011

484 Plural plates:This subclass is indented under subclass 483.Subject matter having more than one stiffsheet.


a shutter formed by plural slidingrigid plates.

485 Having apertured plate:This subclass is indented under subclass 484.Subject matter including light passing openingsin the stiff sheets.

486 Having base plate detail:This subclass is indented under subclass 484.Subject matter including specific structure ofthe mounting member which supports the shut-ter components.

487 Having plate support detail:This subclass is indented under subclass 484.Subject matter including specific structure ofan elongated linkage means determining thepath of travel of the stiff sheets.

488 Having plate detail:This subclass is indented under subclass 484.Subject matter including specific structure ofthe stiff sheets.

489 Having drive detail:This subclass is indented under subclass 484.Subject matter including specific structure ofthe means to provide motive force to the stiffsheets.

490 Move in opposite directions:This subclass is indented under subclass 484.Subject matter wherein one of the stiff sheetsslides in a reverse direction with respect to theother sheet.


a shutter formed by plural slidingrigid plates which move in oppositedirections.

491 Rectilinear reciprocation:This subclass is indented under subclass 483.Subject matter wherein a rigid plate is movedin alternate directions in a straight line.


a sliding rigid plate shutter havingrectilinear reciprocation.

492 Vertical motion:This subclass is indented under subclass 491.Subject matter wherein the rigid plate is movedin a straight line so as to form a right anglewith the plane of the horizon.


a sliding rigid plate shutter havingrectilinear reciprocation with verticalmotion.

493 Pivoting or rotating blade type:This subclass is indented under subclass 452.Subject matter wherein the shutter includesmeans which is mounted for movement in onedirection only or is rotatably reciprocated abouta fixed axis.


a shutter having pivoting or rotatingblade.

494 Having auxiliary light blocking:This subclass is indented under subclass 493.Subject matter comprising two or more bladesto stop light from entering a camera.

(1) Note. One blade allows light to enter anaperture when actuated, while the otherblade will block the light so that theblade allowing light can return to itsoriginal position without allowing lightto enter the aperture.


1February 2011


a shutter having pivoting or rotatingblade and aperture cover or lid.

495 Shutter blade moves continuously fromclosed to open to closed position:This subclass is indented under subclass 493.Subject matter comprising means for moving ablade with a first aperture in it past a secondaperture so that the first aperture moves on pastthe second aperture to close it from light.


a shutter having pivoting or rotatingblade which moves continuously fromclosed to open to closed position.

496 Blade moves in opposite directions on alter-nate exposures:This subclass is indented under subclass 495.Subject matter wherein the blade with the aper-ture moves first in one way past the secondaperture and then moves back past the secondaperture when another picture is taken.


a shutter having pivoting or rotatingblade which moves continuously fromclosed to open to closed position inopposite directions on alternate expo-sures.

497 Plural oscillating blades:This subclass is indented under subclass 493.Subject matter wherein there are two or moreblades that are rotatably reciprocated about afixed axis from an open to a closed position.


a shutter having plural oscillatingblades.

498 Having gear means:This subclass is indented under subclass 497.Subject matter wherein the means to drive theshutter blades is a toothed wheel whichengages one or more similar wheels.


a shutter having plural oscillatingblades including gear means.

499 Having pneumatic actuator:This subclass is indented under subclass 497.Subject matter wherein the blades are movedby gas pressure means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:184, for illumination means combined with

pneumatic shutter actuating means.FOR 903, for a foreign art collection involving

a shutter having plural oscillatingblades and a pneumatic actuator.

500 Symmetrical opening:This subclass is indented under subclass 497.Subject matter wherein the blades move indiverse directions from or toward a center andform an aperture which always varies the samefrom the center.


a shutter having plural oscillatingblades forming a symmetrical open-ing.

501 Opposite movement:This subclass is indented under subclass 497.Subject matter wherein one blade moves in onedirection while another blade moves in anotherdirection.


a shutter having plural oscillatingblades of opposite movement.


February 2011

502 Release or actuator means:This subclass is indented under subclass 452.Subject matter comprising means to allow ashutter to operate or means to apply a bias ormechanical advantage to effect movement of ashutter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:59, for camera release by wireless remote

control.263+, for camera release control circuit.472+, for mechanically delayed release.FOR 906+, for foreign art collections involving

a shutter release or actuator.


178 for manual control of a motionpicture camera.

503 Having safety lock:This subclass is indented under subclass 502.Subject matter comprising means to preventthe shutter actuator from being accidently actu-ated.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:266, for a safety lock in a camera release

control circuit.FOR 908, for a foreign art collection involving

a shutter having release or actuatorand safety lock.

504 Cable release:This subclass is indented under subclass 502.Subject matter comprising a flexible elementfor transmission of tension or compression.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:393, for a double cable release in film drive

double exposure prevention.FOR 909, for a foreign art collection involving

a shutter cable release or actuator.


classes 500.5+ for flexible transmit-ter.

352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass179 for remotely operated motion pic-ture cameras.

505 Diaphragm:This subclass is indented under subclass 439.Subject matter having means to selectivelyvary the amount of light passing through thelens from the given object to a light-sensitivematerial.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:257+, for exposure control circuit control-

ling diaphragm function only.449+, for diaphragm shutter.458, for a shutter with diaphragm.


nication) and Elements, subclasses237+ for optical modulator (includingelectro-optical), and subclasses 738+for lens having light-limiting means,and see notes attached thereto for theline with Class 396.

506 Electro-optical, magneto-optical, or photo-chromic type:This subclass is indented under subclass 505.Subject matter having optical media whoselight transmission characteristics can bechanged by an application of an electric ormagnetic field or of light.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:262, for exposure control circuit for elec-

tro-optical diaphragm.457, for shutter of electro-optical, mag-

neto-optical, or photochromic type.


nication) and Elements, subclasses237+ for light-intensity modulation.

507 Including irregular diaphragm opening:This subclass is indented under subclass 505.Subject matter having a nonsymmetrical aper-ture.


1February 2011

508 Dynamo-electric actuator:This subclass is indented under subclass 505.Subject matter having means to convert electri-cal energy to mechanical energy by means ofan electromagnet to cause the diaphragm toactuate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:463+, for dynamo-electric actuator of shut-

ter.


Devices, subclasses 160+ for controlcircuits of relays or solenoids.

509 Diaphragm opens for focusing or viewing:This subclass is indented under subclass 505.Subject matter comprising means for manualadjustment of a diaphragm aperture settingmeans so that the aperture remains fully openuntil a setting means is released or the dia-phragm aperture is set or a device is pressed tofully open the aperture and returns to set posi-tion after release of a pressed device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:461, for a shutter with diaphragm that

opens for focusing or viewing.

510 Plural pivoted blades:This subclass is indented under subclass 505.Subject matter comprising more than one bladeand means to restrain a motion of the blade toan arcuate path.

511 Detachable or removable film holder unit:This subclass is indented under subclass 439.Subject matter comprising means to support asupply of light-sensitive material, and the sup-port is extractable from a camera housing sothat light-sensitive material can be put on thesupport and replaced in the camera housing soa picture can be recorded or the support maycontain the light-sensitive material for place-ment into a camera housing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:414, for removable film holder unit and

posterior roll with camera film drive.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:242, Winding and Tensioning, or Guiding,

subclasses 348+, 538.4, 588.5, and588.6 for a holder of coiled materialwhich includes image film.

512 Film cassette or cartridge:This subclass is indented under subclass 511.Subject matter having the light-tight enclosurecontaining a supply spool such that the entireenclosure including the spool is removable andinsertable as a unit.

513 Light seal:This subclass is indented under subclass 512.Subject matter having means to prevent lightfrom entering a film exit opening of the light-tight enclosure.

514 Film or spool locking means:This subclass is indented under subclass 512.Subject matter having means for preventingrotation of the film or spool except when thelight-tight enclosure is in an operative positionin the camera.

515 Including film use indicator:This subclass is indented under subclass 512.Subject matter having means integral with thelight-tight enclosure providing a demonstrationof an exposure status of the film.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:281, for camera indicator.

516 Thrust type:This subclass is indented under subclass 512.Subject matter wherein the light-tight enclo-sure contains a single spool having the filmwound completely thereon and means are pro-vided for ejecting the film leader from thelight-tight enclosure.

517 Plate or cut film holder:This subclass is indented under subclass 511.Subject matter wherein the support meansholds a sheet of light-sensitive material duringits exposure in the camera, and the holder mustbe removed from the camera after each expo-sure to place the next sheet of film in positionfor exposure or protects the material while it isbeing transported.


February 2011

(1) Note. Devices which are not merely dou-ble plateholders, but by means of whichseparate light-sensitized surfaces or sep-arate portions of the same light-sensitivematerial are simultaneously exposed in astereoscopic camera, are classified inthis class, subclasses 324+. Where theseseparate surfaces or portions are succes-sively brought into the same position rel-ative to a lens for exposure, even whenthey are not separable from the camera,they are classified according to themeans used in subclasses 333+, 335+,360+, and 414.

(2) Note. Ground glass screens combinedwith plateholders and camera guides arefound in this class, subclasses 150+.

(3) Note. Magazines in which two or morelight-sensitive surfaces not in the sameplane are brought to an exposure posi-tion one at a time without opening thereceiver to the light are classified in thisclass, subclasses 360+.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:235, Registers, subclasses 91+ for devices

which register the number of times theplateholder has been opened to indi-cate the number of prints taken.

378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems orDevices, subclasses 167+ for photo-graphic detector supports includingfilm and plate moving and positioningmeans.

430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Pro-cess, Composition, or ProductThereof, appropriate subclasses for aholder in combination with chemi-cally defined radiation-sensitive filmor plates.

518 Light seal:This subclass is indented under subclass 517.Subject matter wherein the support meansincludes one or more movable means to pre-vent the admission of light to the plateholderthrough openings therein, except such slides ordoors that close front or rear openings used toadmit the plate or to expose it when in place.

519 Plate fastening or kit:This subclass is indented under subclass 517.Subject matter which has particular corner-pieces, catches, or other devices which supportor retain a light sensitive material within aplateholder or which provides an adapter struc-ture (i.e., kit) to permit one size of light-sensi-tive material to be inserted in a plateholdernormally supporting light sensitive material ofa different size.

(1) Note. Adaptations of kits to special typesof magazine cameras are classified withcamera structure. Thus, extended basesupon kits occur in this class, subclass371.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:446, for camera using plural film types.

520 Adjustable:This subclass is indented under subclass 519.Subject matter wherein the retaining parts areadaptable to fit surfaces of different sizes.

521 Solution drain or resistant:This subclass is indented under subclass 517.Subject matter wherein the support means per-mits collection of a liquid from wet plates orprevents or withstands the injurious effects ofsuch liquid.

522 Closure lock or check:This subclass is indented under subclass 517.Subject matter including means to retain theslide, door, or other plateholder closure or pre-vent reexposure of the light-sensitive material.

523 Auxiliary:This subclass is indented under subclass 517.Subject matter wherein the support means arefor the purpose of supplying plates or light-sen-sitive material to and removing the same from“principal” plateholders in daylight and eitherdo not themselves hold the plate or light-sensi-tive material during exposure or have indepen-dent front closures and are otherwise light-excluding.

(1) Note. When these auxiliary holders con-tain more than one plate and are capableof successively supplying these plates to


1February 2011

exposure positions, the holders becomemagazines and are classified in thisclass, subclasses 360+, if claimed aloneor with a detailed camera, unless thedevice is a mere double plateholder.

524 Having dark slide:This subclass is indented under subclass 517.Subject matter wherein a removable or dis-placeable sliding member, located parallel andadjacent to the image-receiving plate or sheet,protects the light- sensitive material from out-side light before and after exposure and isremoved or displaced while in exposing posi-tion to uncover the image receiving surface topermit exposure.

525 Having hinged part:This subclass is indented under subclass 524.Subject matter wherein a cover or other mem-ber (other than the light seal protecting the darkslide entrance) is mounted by means of hingesor the equivalent relative to the portion of thesupport means supporting the plate.

526 Double holder:This subclass is indented under subclass 524.Subject matter wherein two plates, sheets orlight sensitive materials are supported so as tobe parallel but facing in opposite directions.

527 Self-developing:This subclass is indented under subclass 517.Subject matter wherein each sheet of light-sen-sitive material carries the chemicals necessaryfor processing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:30+, for a complete self-developing cam-

era.

528 Flexible holder:This subclass is indented under subclass 517.Subject matter wherein the means for contain-ing the light sensitive material is made of anonrigid material.

529 Lens mount:This subclass is indented under subclass 439.Subject matter including structure engaging therim portion around substantially the entire cir-cumference or rim of the objective or its com-

ponents to secure the objective to the camerasupporting structure.


subclasses for lens supports togetherwith motion picture structure.

359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-nication) and Elements, subclasses819+ for lens mounts, per se, and themere recitation of a camera wall ormounting plate or focal plane is notsufficient to remove the lens mount-ing structures therefrom. Also see (2)Note of subclass 819.

530 Lens adapter:This subclass is indented under subclass 529.Subject matter including means for connectinga lens having one type of engaging structurewith a camera having a different type of engag-ing structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:71, for supplemental optical device that

attaches to the objective and whichmodifies focal length or which per-mits closeup photography.

531 Bayonet mount:This subclass is indented under subclass 529.Subject matter wherein the engaging structurecomprises a rotatable pin and slot mechanismon the lens and camera body.

532 Having electrical contact detail:This subclass is indented under subclass 531.Subject matter including specific structure ofthe means for transmitting electrical power orsignals from the lens to the camera body.

533 Threaded mount:This subclass is indented under subclass 529.Subject matter wherein the engaging structurecomprises mutually engaging helical grooveson the lens and camera body.

534 Hood:This subclass is indented under subclass 439.Subject matter having means for reducing lightupon or excluding light from a focusing surfacein order that an image formed upon it may beclearly seen (e.g., curtains, shade, cover, etc).


February 2011

535 Body structure or housing:This subclass is indented under subclass 439.Subject matter having structure for receivinglight sensitive material for cooperating withsignificant camera mechanism or for substan-tially encasing or enclosing camera mecha-nism.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclass

121 for flexible corrugated bellows,per se.

312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, sub-class 10.1 for cabinet structure forprojector.

352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass242 for motion picture projector hous-ings.

353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclass119 for image projector housings.

536 Rear door or latch detail:This subclass is indented under subclass 535.Subject matter including specific structure of arear closure member or the mechanism forholding the rear closure member in closed posi-tion.

537 Having viewing port:This subclass is indented under subclass 536.Subject matter including a transparent windowfor observing selected conditions interiorly of acamera housing.

538 Film chamber detail:This subclass is indented under subclass 535.Subject matter including specific structure of acompartment holding the light-sensitive mate-rial.

539 Battery compartment:This subclass is indented under subclass 535.Subject matter wherein the body has structureparticularly adapted for receiving a batterytherein.

540 Ergonomic design:This subclass is indented under subclass 535.Subject matter wherein the structure has a par-ticular shape intended to enhance a comfort ofan operator during use of the device.

541 Modular body:This subclass is indented under subclass 535.Subject matter wherein the camera body iscomprised of individual component partswhich may be selectively assembled in adesired configuration.

542 Having printed circuit detail:Subject matter under 439 including details of aphysical circuit layout or a printed circuitarrangement.

543 With mechanical switch detail:This subclass is indented under subclass 439.Subject matter including mechanical details ofa photographic switch.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and

Breakers, appropriate subclasses forelectrical switches, per se.

544 CAMERA ATTACHMENT: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter comprising accessorymeans which may be attached to a camera tofacilitate taking a photograph.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:71, for camera lens converter.429+, for a complete camera combined with

diverse art device.



545 Vignetter:This subclass is indented under subclass 544.Subject matter having means for partiallymasking a portion of the transverse area of alight path to produce a graduated shadingeffect.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:355, Photocopying, subclasses 125+ for a

diffusing or masking device used incontact printing.


1February 2011

359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-nication) and Elements, subclass 599for miscellaneous optical diffusingsystems or elements.

546 EXPOSING MULTICOLOR CATHODE-RAY TUBE TARGETS: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter including means to recordan image on a photosensitive surface, andwhich recorded image upon development is tobe used as a multicolor luminescent target of acathode-ray tube.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:430, Radiation Image Chemistry-Process,

Composition or Product, subclasses23+ for radiation image chemistryinvolved in making a CRT element.

445, Electric Lamp or Space DischargeComponent or Device Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for genericCRT manufacturing process and appa-ratus.

547 Having light source or optical element whichmoves during exposure:This subclass is indented under subclass 546.Subject matter wherein an illuminating sourceor light path modifying element is in motionduring the exposure of multicolor cathode-raytube targets.

(1) Note. A moving light source may com-prise a scanned light beam.

548 LINE GENERATION: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to generatea line by exposing a photosensitive surface to alight beam moving over the surface.

(1) Note. The line may be part of a patternor design to be drawn.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:549+, for composing by selecting charac-

ters.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:346, Recorders, subclasses 107.1+ for a

photographic-ray type recorder.

549 PHOTOTYPE COMPOSING: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter including means forselecting, in a desired order or sequence, char-acters to be reproduced and reproducing animage of the characters in the desired arrange-ment on a photographic medium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5, for object support in a studio.548, for composing by generating a line.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:346, Recorders, subclasses 107.1+ for a

photographic recorder.

550 Photoelectronic type: This subclass is indented under subclass 549.Subject matter wherein the characters to bereproduced are shown on a cathode-ray tube.

551 Having character printing control by pro-gram card, tape, or disk: This subclass is indented under subclass 549.Subject matter including means to sense holes,indentations, or other index marks on a sheet,tape, or disk and means responsive to the con-dition of such sensing means for governing theprinting of the characters.

552 Having justifying, tabulating, centering, orspacing apparatus: This subclass is indented under subclass 549.Subject matter including means to adjust thespace before, after, or between characters of acompleted line.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:554, for line correction by optics.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching),

subclasses 4+ for type width andinterword space totalizer.

553 With electrical pulse counter:This subclass is indented under subclass 552.Subject matter which includes a circuit whichelectrically totalizes pulses applied thereto.


February 2011

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:377, Electrical Pulse Counter, Pulse Divid-

ers, or Shift Registers: Circuits andSystems, appropriate subclasses foran electrical pulse counter, per se.

554 Optical line correction: This subclass is indented under subclass 549.Subject matter including optical means tochange the length of a line or the size of theobject to be reproduced.

555 Having means to detect indicia: This subclass is indented under subclass 549.Subject matter including means to sense holes,indentations, or other index markers on thecharacter or character support and meansresponsive to the conditions of such sensingmeans for insuring the character will be repro-duced in the desired arrangement.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:551, for the sensing of holes, indentations,

or index marks, etc., on a web or tapeto control printing of characters.

556 Having stencil-type character means: This subclass is indented under subclass 549.Subject matter including opaque planar meanshaving a mark, sign, or symbol shaped perfora-tion thereon.

557 Plural character types: This subclass is indented under subclass 556.Subject matter having two or more differentstyles of characters; e.g., upper or lower caseletters.

558 Having a moveable carrier: This subclass is indented under subclass 556.Subject matter including means to hold or sup-port said characters and means to apply a forceto said holder or support to effect a motion in aparticular direction, or means to constrain themotion of said holder or support in a desireddirection.

559 Rotary: This subclass is indented under subclass 558.Subject matter comprising means to cause theholder or support to move in a curvilinear path.

560 Key operative: This subclass is indented under subclass 559.Subject matter wherein the movement iscaused by a manually actuated lever.

561 Fixed carrier: This subclass is indented under subclass 556.Subject matter including means to hold or sup-port the characters in a desired position fixedlywith respect to a reproducing device.

562 Photographic medium handling:This subclass is indented under subclass 549.Subject matter including manipulation of alight-sensitive film or plate.

563 SENSITOMETRY: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter relating to the determina-tion of the sensitivity of photographic materialto light.

(1) Note. Sensitometers test the sensitivityof photographic material to lightwhereas actinometers or exposuremeters test light intensity and densitome-ters test the light transmission character-istics of material.

(2) Note. This subclass also provides for themaking of optical wedges of varyinglight transmission characteristics involv-ing the controlled exposure of photosen-sitive material to light for use insubsequent sensitometric apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:355, Photocopying, subclasses 38, 68, and

83 for combinations including photo-cells or light-monitoring means.

356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, sub-classes 213+ for light exposuremeters, per se, and subclasses 443+for means which measure film densityby light transmission or absorption.See (3) Note under subclass 443 forclassification of methods whichinvolve the comparison of opticaldensities of the type found in sub-classes 443+ in combination with anexposure of a visible light sensitivefilm.


1February 2011

359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-nication) and Elements, subclasses885+ for light filters, per se, and theclasses recited thereat, under (1) Note.

564 FLUID-TREATING APPARATUS: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having a device for sub-jecting a photographic medium to a gas or liq-uid or to related subcombinations not classifiedelsewhere.

(1) Note. See the note to “Fluid TreatingApparatus” in the main class definition.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:30+, for a self-developing camera.FOR 915+, for foreign art collections involving

fluid-treating apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treat-

ment and Chemical Modification ofTextiles and Fibers, subclasses 400through 696 for the process of dyeinga plastic.

34, Drying and Gas or Vapor ContactWith Solids, see (1) Note above.

68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for analogousapparatus applied to fluid treatment oftextiles.

118, Coating Apparatus, appropriate sub-classes for apparatus for coating a sur-face with a sensitized solution.

355, Photocopying, see (1) Note above.366, Agitating, see (1) Note above.399, Electrophotography, subclasses 237+

for liquid toner development in anelectrophotographic device.

430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Pro-cess, Composition, or ProductThereof, subclasses 401+ for chemi-cal post imaging processing of radia-tion imagery materials.

565 Having fluid filter:This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter including a device whichremoves undesired particulate matter from thetreatment fluid.

566 Having program card, tape, or disk:This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter which utilizes an informationbearing device that controls a fluid treatingsequence of operations.

567 Photographic medium or cartridge sensing:This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter wherein a characteristic or pres-ence of a light-sensitive medium or containertherefor is detected.

568 Photographic medium length, width, area,or amount sensing:This subclass is indented under subclass 567.Subject matter wherein a geometric property orthe quantity of a light- sensitive medium isdetected.

569 Transmittivity/reflectivity of photographicmedium sensing:This subclass is indented under subclass 567.Subject matter having means to project lightonto or through a photographic medium and adetecting photoresponsive device which deter-mines the density of the photographic mediumor the extent of development.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:563, for sensitometry which may include a

subsequent density determination.

570 Photocell controlled: This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter with a lightresponsive devicewhich regulates some portion of the fluid-treat-ing apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:213+, for photocell exposure control cir-

cuits.FOR 916, for a foreign art collection involving

photocell controlled fluid-treatingapparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:137, Fluid Handling, subclass 93 for mix-

tures maintained by optical properties.250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 200+ for

photocell circuits.


February 2011

571 Heating, cooling, or temperature detecting: This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter with means for changing thetemperature of the apparatus, fluid or materialor sensing the thermal condition thereof.

(1) Note. This subclass includes a process-ing fluid tank combined with a thermo-statically controlled heat exchanger forthe fluid in the tank.

(2) Note. Mere recitation of elements whichmay inherently affect the temperature,such as a circulating water bath, is insuf-ficient for placement in this subclass.


fluid-treating apparatus and tempera-ture control.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 666 for

automatic temperature control of coat-ing apparatus.

126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 374.1for an open-top liquid heating vesselthat may include a lid and a conditionresponsive feature.

134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact WithSolids, subclasses 56+ for automaticcontrol of apparatus of that class.

572 Temperature detecting or controlling of dry-ing station:This subclass is indented under subclass 571.Subject matter which senses or regulates a tem-perature condition of or surrounding a photo-graphic medium in an area adapted to removemoisture from the photographic medium.

573 Having liquid bath or jacket:This subclass is indented under subclass 571.Subject matter wherein a temperature conditioninside a fluid-treating vessel is modified bysurrounding liquid.

574 Processing vapor from source other thanphotographic medium:This subclass is indented under subclass 571.Subject matter wherein a latent image on aphotographic medium is made visible by a gas-

eous substance provided externally to the pho-tographic medium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:579, for generic gaseous treating of a pho-

tographic medium.

575 Thermal developing, controlling tempera-ture of photographic medium or controllingof developing amount:This subclass is indented under subclass 571.Subject matter wherein heat causes a latentimage on a photographic medium to becomevisible, the temperature of a light sensitivematerial is modified, or heating or coolingdetermines the extent of photographic develop-ment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:572, for temperature detecting or control-

ling of a drying station.

576 Heating processing liquid before entry totreating station:This subclass is indented under subclass 571.Subject matter wherein a liquid which per-forms a treating operation is warmed prior toits introduction to a treating station.

577 Plural stations:This subclass is indented under subclass 571.Subject matter including multiple treating sta-tions.

578 Having testing, calibration, or indicating:This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter including an evaluation of afluid-treating operation or the presentation ofthe result of such evaluation to an operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:281+, for camera structure with indicator.

579 Gaseous-treating: This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter wherein the fluid is a gas orvapor.

(1) Note. This subclass includes an ammo-nia gas generator with means for con-taining a specific light-sensitive material


1February 2011

in a specific orientation to allow treat-ment of the material by the generatedgas.

(2) Note. See the note to “Fluid TreatingApparatus” in the main class definition.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:438, for subject matter related to daguerre-

otype photography.FOR 918, for a foreign art collection involving

gaseous-type, fluid-treating apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact

With Solids, see (2) Note above.

580 Treating superimposed or laminar sheets: This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter wherein an image-exposed stripis brought into contact with a second strip forfluid treatment.

(1) Note. This subclass includes apparatusfor bringing a first sheet with an exposedimage thereon into contact with a second(receptor) sheet after fluid has beenapplied thereto to effect the transfer ofthe image of the first sheet to the secondsheet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:31+, for analogous apparatus in a self-

developing camera.FOR 919+, for foreign art collections involving

fluid-treating of superimposed or lam-inar sheets.

581 Rollers sequentially submerge and presssheet: This subclass is indented under subclass 580.Subject matter including revolving cylinders toimmerse at least one of the strips in treatingfluid and subsequently squeeze the stripstogether.


fluid-treating of superimposed or lam-inar sheets where rollers sequentiallysubmerge and press sheet.

582 Having fluid dispensing: This subclass is indented under subclass 580.Subject matter including means for distributingtreating fluid to one of the strips.

(1) Note. This subclass includes dispensingmeans such as metered spray devicesand wetting rollers or belts.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:42, for a self-developing camera with a

fluid applicator.FOR 921+, for foreign art collections involving

fluid-treating of superimposed or lam-inar sheets including fluid dispensing.


dispensing of liquid toner in an elec-trophotographic device.

583 Collapsible container: This subclass is indented under subclass 582.Subject matter wherein the distributing meansincludes a rupturable holder.


fluid-treating of superimposed or lam-inar sheets including fluid dispensingand having a collapsible container.

584 Removable or variable pressure roller orparticular roller texture, composition, con-figuration or spacing:This subclass is indented under subclass 583.Subject matter in which a roller may be readilyinserted or removed, exerts a modifiable force,or in which a detail is provided of a roller sur-face characteristic, chemical makeup, shape, oroffset distance.

585 Roll film handling:This subclass is indented under subclass 583.Subject matter which includes manipulation ofa photographic medium which has been formedinto a cylindrical mass by revolving.


February 2011

586 Nonrolling fluid spreading apparatus:This subclass is indented under subclass 583.Subject matter wherein fluid is distributed bymeans other than a rotating cylinder.

587 Having fluid reservoir: This subclass is indented under subclass 580.Subject matter including means to store thetreating fluid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:641, for a film processing vessel having a

reservoir.FOR 923, for a foreign art collection involving

fluid-treating of superimposed or lam-inar sheets and having a fluid reser-voir.

588 Reversal processing: This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter with means for re-exposing thematerial with an initial latent image thereon.

(1) Note. This subclass includes means forexposing the material to diffused lightafter the material has been initiallyexposed, developed, but not fixed, toproduce a positive image when againdeveloped.


reversal processing fluid-treatingapparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Pro-

cess, Composition, or ProductThereof, subclass 407 for reversalprocessing involving radiation imag-ery chemistry.

589 Dark cabinet: This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter with a light-excluding caseadapted to hold the material while it is beingsubjected to the fluid subsequent to exposure.

(1) Note. The light-excluding features mustbe positively recited for placement inthis subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:30+, for a self-developing camera.517+, for a detail of a camera plate or cut

film holder.FOR 925+, for foreign art collections involving

a fluid-treating dark cabinet.

590 Hand or body insertion: This subclass is indented under subclass 589.Subject matter wherein the case includesmeans to admit a portion of an operator's bodythrough flexible lightguards.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:362, for a magazine camera with light

guard for entrance of hand.FOR 926+, for foreign art collections involving

a fluid-treating dark cabinet havinghand or body insertion.

591 Hand/arm access ports on opposite sides ofcabinet:This subclass is indented under subclass 590.Subject matter wherein there are hand/armopenings located on noncontiguous sides of adark cabinet.

592 Multiple hand/arm access ports on singleside of cabinet:This subclass is indented under subclass 590.Subject matter wherein there are plural hand/arm openings located on one side of a dark cab-inet.

593 Having ventilation: This subclass is indented under subclass 590.Subject matter including means for circulatingair through the case.


a fluid-treating dark cabinet havinghand or body insertion and ventila-tion.

594 Daylight loading: This subclass is indented under subclass 589.Subject matter having means for introducingthe material into the case without the necessityof using a dark room.


1February 2011

(1) Note. This subclass includes meanswhereby the nonsensitive end of thematerial in a roll or cartridge is attachedto a device which may be actuated after alightproof cover of the case is closed towithdraw the sensitive portion for treat-ment within the lightproof environmentof the dark cabinet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:612+, for disclosed but unclaimed dark cabi-

net combinations including materialfeed means.

FOR 928, for a foreign art collection involvinga daylight loading dark cabinet.

595 Having film-holding cabinet insertable intodeveloping tank: This subclass is indented under subclass 589.Subject matter including means to support thematerial in a casing which is insertable into afluid-treating receptacle.


a film-holding cabinet insertable intodeveloping tank.

596 Protective cover stripping:This subclass is indented under subclass 595.Subject matter wherein a backing which pre-vents damage to a photographic medium ispeeled off.

597 Film in spaced spiral for processing:This subclass is indented under subclass 595.Subject matter including rolled film which isinserted into means providing a spaced spiralconfiguration to the film or wherein rolled filmis wrapped on the outside of an elongated cyl-inder prior to further processing.

598 Having film support or handling means: This subclass is indented under subclass 589.Subject matter including means to hold thematerial in position or manipulate the material.


a dark cabinet and film support orhandling means.

599 Roll film handling: This subclass is indented under subclass 598.Subject matter having means for manipulatingthe material that is wound into a cylindricalmass.


a dark cabinet and roll film handlingmeans.

600 Having motor driven film winding spool: This subclass is indented under subclass 599.Subject matter including means to convertenergy to produce or impart motion to a reelupon which the material is wound.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:387+, for a camera motor film drive.FOR 932, for a foreign art collection involving

a dark cabinet and roll film handlingmeans having motor driven filmwinding spool.

601 Film in spaced spiral for processing:This subclass is indented under subclass 599.Subject matter wherein the rolled film isinserted into means providing a spaced spiralconfiguration to the film or wherein the rolledfilm is wrapped on the outside of an elongatedcylinder prior to further processing.

602 Plate film handling means: This subclass is indented under subclass 598.Subject matter wherein the material is rela-tively inflexible.


a dark cabinet and plate film-handlingmeans.


February 2011

603 Film immersed and removed: This subclass is indented under subclass 598.Subject matter wherein the means to manipu-late the material effects a dipping action.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:617+, for dipping means not limited to use

in a dark cabinet.FOR 934, for a foreign art collection involving

a dark cabinet having film support andfilm immersed and removed.

604 Fluid application to one side only of photo-graphic medium: This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter wherein the device applies thefluid to only a single side of the material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:582+, where superimposed or laminar sheets

are treated.FOR 935+, for foreign art collections involving

fluid-treating apparatus having fluidapplication to one side only of film.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:118, Coating Apparatus, appropriate sub-

classes for means for applying a sur-face coating on a base.

134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact WithSolids, subclasses 88+ for meansincluding fluid-applying means.

401, Coating Implements With MaterialSupply, subclasses 137+ and 208+ formanually operated means for dispens-ing or applying material to work.

605 By web:This subclass is indented under subclass 604.Subject matter wherein fluid is applied by a pli-able belt.


fluid-treating apparatus having fluidapplication by web to one side only offilm.

606 By roller: This subclass is indented under subclass 604.Subject matter having a revolving cylinder asthe fluid applicator.


fluid-treating apparatus having fluidapplication by roller to one side onlyof film.

607 Having clutch or specified speed:This subclass is indented under subclass 606.Subject matter which includes structure to cou-ple or decouple driving means to a roller orhaving details of the rotational speed thereof.

608 Having doctoring or wiper blade:This subclass is indented under subclass 606.Subject matter which, in addition to a roller,includes the spreading of a predeterminedamount of fluid to one side of a photographicmedium by a broad, flat device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:610, for fluid application by means other

than a roller to a photographicmedium contained in a cassette or car-tridge which may additionally includea blade detail.

609 Nonroller fluid application to downwardfacing emulsion surface:This subclass is indented under subclass 604.Subject matter wherein fluid is dispensedtowards the downward facing emulsion side ofa photographic medium by means other than arotating cylinder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:606+, for a roller applying fluid to a down-

ward facing emulsion surface.

610 Having photographic medium cassette orcartridge:This subclass is indented under subclass 604.Subject matter wherein a light-sensitivemedium is in a light-tight, portable container.


1February 2011

611 Plate or wafer-type photographic medium:This subclass is indented under subclass 604.Subject matter wherein the light responsivemedium is planar and relatively rigid.

612 Having photographic medium feed: This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter including means to introduce orwithdraw the material into or from a fluid-treating area.

(1) Note. This and indented subclassesinclude means that provide sprocketsthat engage perforations in the materialand which are driven by motive powermeans as well as means that grip one endof a film strip to pull the film strip.

(2) Note. Mere guide means that do notinclude drive or propelling means is notsufficient for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:387+, for camera structure with film drive.FOR 937+, for foreign art collections involving

fluid-treating apparatus having filmfeed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:242, Winding and Reeling, appropriate

subclasses, for winding and reelingmeans, per se.

271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, appro-priate subclasses for feeding or deliv-ering sheet material means.

613 And cutting device:This subclass is indented under subclass 612.Subject matter which includes means for sever-ing the photographic medium or its container.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:445, for camera detail having film cutoff.

614 And scrub brush, wipers, squeegee, orsqueeze rollers:This subclass is indented under subclass 612.Subject matter including means providing arubbing action to the photographic medium.

615 Variable path length, variable path width,or alternative path:This subclass is indented under subclass 612.Subject matter wherein the route taken by thephotographic medium during processing isadjustable in length, width, or wherein pluralselectable routes are provided.

616 Having clutch, speed detail, or variable pro-cessing time:This subclass is indented under subclass 612.Subject matter which includes structure to cou-ple or decouple driving means in the photo-graphic medium feed, provides a detail ofphotographic medium feed velocity, or permitsadjustable treatment time of the photographicmedium.

617 And photographic medium immersed andremoved: This subclass is indented under subclass 612.Subject matter with means to dip the materialin the fluid.


fluid-treating apparatus including filmfeed where the film is immersed andremoved.

618 Having band, belt, or chain:This subclass is indented under subclass 617.Subject matter in which the photographicmedium transmission mechanism includes anelongated loop of material.

619 Having detail of feed mechanism cleaning:This subclass is indented under subclass 617.Subject matter including means to remove dirtor debris from the photographic medium feedstructure or to facilitate cleaning thereof.

620 Strip type: This subclass is indented under subclass 617.Subject matter wherein the material is rela-tively long and narrow.


fluid-treating apparatus including


February 2011

strip film feed where the film isimmersed and removed.


Length, appropriate subclasses forstrip advancing means, per se.

621 Crane type:This subclass is indented under subclass 620.Subject matter wherein the strip-type materialis suspended from an overhead device whichtransports it to a processing area.

622 Plural stations: This subclass is indented under subclass 617.Subject matter wherein there is more than onetreating area.


fluid-treating apparatus including filmfeed where the film is immersed intoand removed from plural stations.

623 Film in spaced spiral for processing:This subclass is indented under subclass 612.Subject matter wherein film is inserted intomeans providing a spaced spiral configurationto the film or wherein the rolled film iswrapped on the outside of an elongated cylin-der prior to further processing.

624 Plural stations:This subclass is indented under subclass 612.Subject matter including photographic mediumfeed between multiple processing areas.

625 Single station and plural fluids: This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter wherein plural diverse fluids areselectively applied to the material and thenwithdrawn from a single processing area.

(1) Note. This subclass includes means forsupplying a liquid to a material process-ing tank, withdrawing the liquid, andrepeating the sequence with a differentliquid.


fluid-treating apparatus having a sin-gle station and plural fluids.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With

Solids, subclasses 94.1+ for means forsupplying or applying plural differentfluids.

626 Having fluid-circulating means: This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter including means for introducingand withdrawing the fluid to and from a treat-ment area.


fluid-treating apparatus and fluid cir-culating means.

627 And fluid-spraying means: This subclass is indented under subclass 626.Subject matter with fluid spraying means.


fluid-treating apparatus includingfluid circulating and spraying means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Dif-

fusing, appropriate subclasses forfluid spraying means, per se.

399, Electrophotography, subclass 246 forspraying.

628 And photographic medium support means: This subclass is indented under subclass 626.Subject matter with means to hold the photo-graphic medium in position for treatment.


fluid-treating apparatus includingfluid circulating and plate supportmeans.


1February 2011

629 And rocking tray or support: This subclass is indented under subclass 626.Subject matter including means to effect oscil-lation of a fluid vessel or material holder.


fluid-treating apparatus includingfluid circulating by rocking tray orsupport.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:366, Agitating, subclass 239 for a mixing

chamber having rocking motion with-out a separate workholder.

630 Plural stations:This subclass is indented under subclass 626.Subject matter including multiple processingareas.

631 For wash station:This subclass is indented under subclass 626.Subject matter wherein circulating fluid is uti-lized in the processing area which providesrinsing of a photographic medium.

632 Having electrical circuit:This subclass is indented under subclass 626.Subject matter wherein the fluid circulatingmeans includes plural interconnected electricalelements.

(1) Note. Examples of electrical elementsare transistors, diodes, resistors, andcapacitors.

633 Having fluid-agitating means: This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter including means within a treat-ing vessel for vibrating the fluid or means tovibrate the vessel or a material holder to pro-duce fluid vibration.


fluid-treating apparatus includingfluid agitating means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:366, Agitating, subclasses 108+ for agita-

tion by vibration.

634 Rotating carrier: This subclass is indented under subclass 633.Subject matter wherein the means includes arevolving material holder.


fluid-treating apparatus includingfluid-agitating and rotating carrier.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With

Solids, subclasses 157+ for apparatusincluding a rotary work holder.

635 Motor driven: This subclass is indented under subclass 634.Subject matter including means to convertenergy to produce or impart motion to theholder.


fluid-treating apparatus includingfluid agitating and motor driven rotat-ing carrier.

636 Photographic medium processing vessel: This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter wherein the device includes afluid receptacle for the treatment of the mate-rial.


a fluid-treating apparatus film or printprocessing vessel.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:220, Receptacles, appropriate subclasses

for receptacles, per se, and the searchnotes therein for other pertinentclasses.

366, Agitating, subclass 166.1 for printwasher-type agitator. Also, see LinesWith Other Classes and Within This


February 2011

Class, Fluid-treating Apparatus Clas-sified Elsewhere, in the class defini-tion of this class (396).

637 Having interlocking doors: This subclass is indented under subclass 636.Subject matter including treating areas sepa-rated by a light-excluding partition and inter-linked closures.


a fluid-treating apparatus film or printprocessing vessel having interlockingdoors.

638 Attachment or accessory: This subclass is indented under subclass 636.Subject matter including a device which maybe attached to the receptacle or to a support forthe receptacle.


a fluid-treating apparatus film or printprocessing vessel including an attach-ment or accessory.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:220, Receptacles, subclasses 694+ for

attachments for metallic receptacles.

639 Visual photographic medium scanner: This subclass is indented under subclass 638.Subject matter wherein the attachment deviceincludes means to permit the visual scanning ofthe material.


a fluid-treating apparatus film or printprocessing vessel including an attach-ment or accessory which allows visualfilm scanning.

640 Adjustable photographic medium holdingmeans: This subclass is indented under subclass 638.Subject matter wherein the device includesmeans to alter the position of a material sup-port.


a fluid-treating apparatus film or printprocessing vessel including an attach-ment or accessory which allowsadjustment of film holder.

641 Reservoir: This subclass is indented under subclass 638.Subject matter wherein the attachable device isa fluid storage means.

(1) Note. This subclass includes structuredefining a fluid recess that may dependupon the position of the vessel. That is,the attachment may form a lip with thetop of the vessel so that when the vesselis placed on a side, a fluid recess isformed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:587, for fluid-treating of superimposed or

laminar sheets having a fluid reser-voir.

FOR 954, for a foreign art collection involvinga fluid-treating apparatus film or printprocessing vessel including an attach-ment or accessory reservoir.

642 Having photographic medium support: This subclass is indented under subclass 636.Subject matter including structure to hold thelight-sensitive material.

(1) Note. This subclass includes a tank ortray with film supports that are integralwith the tank or tray such as projectionsthat space the material from the bottomof the tank or tray.


a fluid-treating apparatus film or printprocessing vessel including film orplate support.


1February 2011

643 In shallow tray or pan:This subclass is indented under subclass 642.Subject matter wherein the support of the light-sensitive medium is located in an open con-tainer of negligible depth.

644 For plate:This subclass is indented under subclass 642.Subject matter which provides support for arelatively rigid photographic medium.

645 Having film-guiding ribs: This subclass is indented under subclass 636.Subject matter including passive means to limita path of movement of the material during itstreatment by a fluid.


a fluid-treating apparatus film or printprocessing vessel and film guidingribs.

646 Film guide: This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter having passive means to limit apath of movement of the material during itstreatment by a fluid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:642, for a film-processing vessel with film

support.FOR 957, for a foreign art collection involving

a fluid-treating apparatus includingfilm guide.


Length, may include a nominal recita-tion of a supply or take-up coil (e.g.,less than a support for such a coil or acooperative relationship between atension or exhaust detector and reeldriving or reel stopping means, etc.),subclass 196.1 for a passive guidecombined with a material feeder.

242, Winding, Tensioning, Guiding, sub-classes 615+ for a residual guide orguard that directs elongated flexiblematerial that may be combined withmore than nominal winding structure.

647 Photographic medium holding device: This subclass is indented under subclass 564.Subject matter having structure by which thematerial is lifted, stretched or supported fortreatment and wherein the structure is indepen-dent of a fluid vessel.

(1) Note. This subclass provides for film,print, or plateholders, per se, that aremanually manipulated by an operatorand are generally designed to contact thelight-sensitive material in areas that willnot mar the image areas while allowingfluid contact with the image areas whenthe holder and material is moved intotreatment areas.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:642, for a film-processing vessel with film

support.FOR 958+, for foreign art collections involving

a fluid-treating apparatus film-holdingdevice.

648 Spool: This subclass is indented under subclass 647.Subject matter wherein the structure is cylin-drical usually having a rim or ridge at each endand an axial portion on which or about whichthe material is placed.


a fluid-treating apparatus film holdingspool device.

649 Tensioning means: This subclass is indented under subclass 647.Subject matter wherein the structure includesmeans for stretching the material.

(1) Note. “Tensioning” as used herein doesnot include the inherent tensioning thatoccurs when the material is bowed orslightly bent when inserted into retainingslots or grooves.


February 2011


a fluid-treating apparatus film-holdingtensioning device.

650 Adjustable means: This subclass is indented under subclass 647.Subject matter wherein the structure includesmeans to permit movement of elements toaccommodate material of different sizes.


a fluid-treating apparatus film holdingdevice which is adjustable.

651 Retaining means: This subclass is indented under subclass 647.Subject matter wherein the structure includesmeans for restraining the material.

(1) Note. This subclass includes hangers orholders with slots, guides, or compart-ments for loosely holding the materialand does not include clamping.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:652+, for photographic medium clamping

means.FOR 962, for a foreign art collection involving

a fluid-treating apparatus film-retain-ing device.

652 Gripping means: This subclass is indented under subclass 647.Subject matter wherein the structure includesmeans to clamp the material.


a fluid-treating apparatus, film-grip-ping device.

653 Frame with opposed force-gripping means: This subclass is indented under subclass 652.Subject matter having an open structure pro-viding means in fixed spatial relationshipwhich can apply opposing force to both sidesof at least one set of noncontiguous film edges.


a fluid-treating apparatus opposedframe-gripping means.

654 Plate: This subclass is indented under subclass 652.Subject matter wherein the structure is adaptedto clamp relatively rigid material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:438, for a daguerreotype plate vise.FOR 965, for a foreign art collection involving

a fluid-treating apparatus, plate-grip-ping means.

655 RETOUCHING: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter including mechanicalmeans for improving a photographic surface byadding lines, stipples, etc.

(1) Note. Broadly claimed tools, per se, thatare disclosed for multiple utility will beclassified with the other art device; e.g.,cleaning, abrading, coating, etc.


photographic retouching.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:401, Coating Implements With Material

Supply, and the notes thereto inregard to manually manipulateddevices for applying or spreading acoating on a work surface by move-ment of the device relative to the sur-face and contact therewith. Noteespecially section V of the definitionsthereat.

433, Dentistry, subclasses 118+ for similartools.

656 Stand: This subclass is indented under subclass 655.Subject matter having means for holding anarticle which is to be retouched, usually char-acterized by an open framework which permitsillumination of the underside of the article.


1February 2011


a photographic retouching stand.

657 Vibrating: This subclass is indented under subclass 656.Subject matter including means to give a vibra-tory motion to the holder.


a photographic vibrating retouchingstand.

658 BURNISHING: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter having means to polish aphotographic image by applying friction to it orheat and pressure to it.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:438, for a daguerreotype plate vise that

may be used for burnishing.FOR 969+, for foreign art collections involving

photographic burnishing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:12, Boot and Shoe Making, appropriate

subclasses for burnishing machinesand tools adapted for boot or shoemaking.

29, Metal Working, subclasses 90.01+ formachines or processes for condens-ing, compacting, smoothing or polish-ing the surface of metallic ornonmetallic articles, usually by rub-bing them with a smooth surface ofgreater hardness than that of the arti-cle being operated upon.

38, Textiles: Ironing or Smoothing, appropriate subclasses for ironing andsmoothing fabrics generally.

100, Presses, appropriate subclasses forpresses not otherwise provided for.

659 Rotary burnishing surface: This subclass is indented under subclass 658.Subject matter wherein the surface which actu-ally polishes the photograph revolves aroundan axis.


photographic rotary machine burnish-ing.

660 Internally heated: This subclass is indented under subclass 659.Subject matter including means to raise thetemperature of a rotary tool.


photographic burnishing by a rotarymachine which is internally heated.

661 MISCELLANEOUS: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter which is not provided forin any of the preceding subclasses of this class.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:462, Books, Strips and Leaves for Mani-

folding, subclasses 25+ for transferstrips, per se.

FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS

Subclasses 1-661 in this class may have associated for-eign-patents/nonpatent-literature from that portion ofClass 354 foreign-patents/nonpatent-literature whichwas reclassified. The remaining foreign-patents/non-patent-literature from old Class 354 have been trans-ferred directly to foreign art collections below (FOR700-FOR 971) which are intended as repositories foronly foreign-patents/nonpatent-literature. Foreign-pat-ents/nonpatent-literature in subclasses 1-661 as well asin the foreign art collections (FOR 700-FOR 971)should be considered in completing a search. The Class354 subclass reference in parentheses following eachsubclass title below provides the source of the respec-tive foreign-patents/nonpatent-literature. Definitionsbelow correspond to the respective Class 354 subclassdefinitions.

FOR 700 AUTOMATIC CAMERA FOCUSING:(354/400)Foreign art collection including meansresponsive to a focus condition of the cam-era and for automatically adjusting the lenssystem of the camera to produce a desireddegree of sharpness of an image.


February 2011

FOR 701 Using sound: (354/401)Subject matter under subclass FOR 700 inwhich the distance to an object is deter-mined by emitting or detecting sound.

FOR 702 Having photoelectric focusing system ordevice: (354/402)Subject matter under subclass FOR 700including a photoelectric means responsiveto the focus condition of the camera and foradjusting the lens system of the camera toproduce a desired degree of sharpness of animage.

FOR 703 Using active ranging: (354/403)Subject matter under subclass FOR 702 inwhich the photoelectric means responds toartificially generated light reflected off anobject.

FOR 704 Having moving optical means in front ofphotocell: (354/404)Subject matter under subclass FOR 702 hav-ing an optical means other than the cameralens which is moved in a manner in front ofthe photoelectric means for focusing pur-poses.

FOR 705 Having moving mirror: (354/405)Subject matter under subclass FOR 704 inwhich the optical means is a mirror.

FOR 706 Having stationary beam splitter: (354/406)Subject matter subclass FOR 702 having astationary optical means which splits theimage light into a plurality of paths forfocusing purposes.

FOR 707 Having split image means: (354/407)Subject matter under subclass FOR 706 inwhich the stationary optical means fracturesthe image light into more than one partialimage for focusing purposes.

FOR 708 Having two separate stationary predetec-tor optical systems: (354/408)Subject matter under subclass FOR 702 hav-ing two photoelectric means each one hav-ing a stationary lens system of focusing theimage of an object.

FOR 709 Having focus indicator: (354/409)

Subject matter under subclass FOR 702 hav-ing an indicator which shows the state offocus of the camera.

FOR 710 AUTOMATIC EXPOSURE CONTROLSYSTEM OR DEVICE: (354/410)Foreign art collection having means whichautomatically controls the exposure of pho-tographic film in combination with camerastructure.

FOR 711 Nonphotoelectric exposure control type:(354/411)Subject matter under subclass FOR 710 hav-ing a radiant energy responsive devicewhich does not employ the photoelectriceffect (e.g., comparison photometer).

FOR 712 For controlling entire photographic oper-ation: (354/412)Subject matter under subclass FOR 710which includes circuitry for controlling theentire photographic operation of exposingphotographic film.

FOR 713 Including artificial illumination system ordevice: 354/413)Subject matter under subclass FOR 710including a light source to direct light to anobject, or means to control the intensity ortime interval of light from the light source.

FOR 714 For fill-in illumination: (354/414)Subject matter under subclass FOR 713 inwhich the artificial light is used to supple-ment natural lighting.

FOR 715 Having preexposure flashing: (354/415)Subject matter under subclass FOR 713 inwhich an entire flash cycle occurs prior tocommencing an exposure cycle and secondflash cycle occurs during the exposure cycle.

FOR 716 Having flash termination control: (354/416)Subject matter under subclass FOR 713 inwhich illumination from the artificial lightsource is terminated after a time determinedby a light responsive device.

FOR 717 Quench type: (354/417)Subject matter under subclass FOR 716 inwhich termination occurs by shorting orshunting the flash power source.


1February 2011

FOR 718 Charge level or power supply responsive:(354/418)Subject matter under subclass FOR 713 hav-ing circuitry responsive to the charge levelor power supply condition of the flashdevice.

FOR 719 Automatically activated under low lightcondition:(354/419)Subject matter under subclass FOR 713 inwhich the flash device is automaticallyenabled whenever insufficient scene lightexists.

FOR 720 Controlling exposure without controllingflash: (354/420)Subject matter under subclass FOR 713 inwhich artificial illumination is held constantand circuitry adjusts either the diaphragm orexposure time dependent on the artificialillumination.

FOR 721 Having follow focus control of exposure:(354/421)Subject matter under subclass FOR 720 hav-ing means for setting the distance to the sub-ject which controls the exposure circuitry.

FOR 722 Having single circuit controlling the shut-ter and diaphragm: (354/422)Subject matter under subclass FOR 720 inwhich a single circuit controls both the shut-ter and diaphragm.

FOR 723 Having means for controlling only thediaphragm: (354/423)Subject matter under subclass FOR 720 inwhich circuitry controls only the diaphragmfunctions.

FOR 724 Having photocell used as flash trigger:(354/424)Subject matter under subclass FOR 713 inwhich the light responsive means respondsto a burst of light for triggering the start offlash operation.

FOR 725 Having log transformation circuit: (354/425)Subject matter under subclass FOR 710 inwhich the voltage or current from a lightresponsive means is transformed to a naturallog function.

FOR 726 Digital: (354/426)Subject matter under subclass FOR 725 inwhich a counter or register is used for trans-formation.

FOR 727 Having log expansion: (354/427)Subject matter under subclass FOR 725 inwhich the logarithmic voltage or current isinversely transformed to its original value.

FOR 728 Having temperature compensation cir-cuit: (354/428)Subject matter under subclass FOR 725 hav-ing circuitry which electrically compensatesfor changes in the logarithmic transforma-tion circuitry due to temperature changes.

FOR 729 Having plural photocells: (354/429)Subject matter under subclass FOR 710 hav-ing more than one light responsive device.

FOR 730 Measuring special property of light orsubject (e.g., color, speed, etc.): (354/430)Subject matter under subclass FOR 729 inwhich the light responsive means measuresproperties of the light other than intensity.

FOR 731 Having light reflected from film or shut-ter: (354/431)Subject matter under subclass FOR 729 inwhich the light responsive means receiveslight which has been reflected from the filmor shutter in the camera.

FOR 732 Having more than two cells: (354/432)Subject matter under subclass FOR 729 inwhich more than two discrete light respon-sive means are present.

FOR 733 Having only two cells measuring lightdirectly from subject: (354/433)Subject matter under subclass FOR 729 inwhich only two light responsive means arepresent and each receive light directly fromthe object with no more than a lens or aper-ture in front of each light responsive means.

FOR 734 Having only two cells used to controlexposure time: (354/434)Subject matter under subclass FOR 729 inwhich only two light responsive means arepresent and the outputs of each are used tocontrol exposure time.


February 2011

FOR 735 Having circuit for controlling a dia-phragm shutter: (354/435)Subject matter under subclass FOR 710including a circuit which controls a singlemeans behind the camera's optical systemfor limiting both the cross sectional area ofthe admitted light and the length of time thefilm is exposed to the light.

FOR 736 Walking beam type: (354/436)Subject matter under subclass FOR 735 inwhich the diaphragm shutter is formed bytwo sliding rigid plates which move in oppo-site directions.

FOR 737 Using digital control: (354/437)Subject matter under subclass FOR 736 inwhich the circuit contains either a counter,register or analog to digital converter.

FOR 738 Clamp or stop needle type: (354/438)Subject matter under subclass FOR 735 inwhich the specific maximum aperture is setby a follower making mechanical contactwith the needle of a galvanometer which iscontrolled by the circuit.

FOR 739 Stepping motor type: (354/439)Subject matter under subclass FOR 735 inwhich the diaphragm shutter is driven by astepping motor.

FOR 740 Solenoid control type: (354/440)Subject matter under subclass FOR 735 inwhich a solenoid is used to release the dia-phragm shutter or to stop the diaphragmshutter at a specific aperture size.

FOR 741 Having circuit for controlling separatediaphragm and shutter: (354/441)Subject matter under subclass FOR 710including a circuit which controls a separatemeans for limiting the cross sectional area ofthe admitted light and a separate means forlimiting the length of time the film isexposed to the light.

FOR 742 Having selectable priority: (354/442)Subject matter under subclass FOR 741 inwhich electrical parameters of the circuitmay be manually set to selectively set expo-sure time or aperture or to have both expo-

sure time and aperture automaticallydetermined.

FOR 743 Having programmed control only: (354/443)Subject matter under subclass FOR 741 inwhich aperture and exposure time are bothalways automatically set.

FOR 744 Having exposure time priority only: (354/444)Subject matter under subclass FOR 741 inwhich exposure time is always manually setand aperture is always automatically set.

FOR 745 Having aperture priority only: (354/445)Subject matter under subclass FOR 741 inwhich aperture is always manually set andexposure time is always automatically set.

FOR 746 Having circuit for controlling diaphragmonly: (354/446)Subject matter under subclass FOR 710including a circuit which is limited solely tocontrolling the cross sectional area of theadmitted light.

FOR 747 Clamp or stop needle type: (354/447)Subject matter under subclass FOR 746 inwhich the specific maximum aperture is setby a follower making mechanical contactwith the needle of a galvanometer which iscontrolled by the circuit.

FOR 748 Ratchet/pawl type: (354/448)Subject matter under subclass FOR 746 inwhich the diaphragm is stopped at a specificaperture by engagement of a pawl with aratchet.

FOR 749 Direct drive galvanometer type: (354/449)Subject matter under subclass FOR 746 inwhich the rotation of a galvanometer con-trolled by the circuit is directly transmittedvia a shaft or gear train for moving the dia-phragm to a specific aperture.

FOR 750 Having bridge circuit: (354/450)Subject matter under subclass FOR 749 inwhich the circuit contains a network havingtwo terminal pairs one of which is connectedto a galvanometer and arranged such thatwhen power is fed to one terminal pair, bysuitable adjustment of the elements in the


1February 2011

network, zero output is obtained at the ter-minal pair connected to the galvanometer.

FOR 751 Servo motor type: (354/451)Subject matter under subclass FOR 746 inwhich the circuit contains a feedback sectionindicative of the specific aperture valuewhich is used to make further adjustment tothe aperture.

FOR 752 Using stepping motor: (354/452)Subject matter under subclass FOR 751 inwhich the servo circuit is used to control astepping motor which drives the diaphragmto a specific aperture.

FOR 753 Including special driving arrangement:(354/453)Subject matter under subclass FOR 746 inwhich the diaphragm is driven directly by alinear solenoid, electrostatic force or by anelectro-optical means.

FOR 754 Including irregular diaphragm opening:(354/454)Subject matter under subclass FOR 746 inwhich the diaphragm means produces anirregularly varying aperture.

FOR 755 Having interchangeable lens: (354/455)Subject matter under subclass FOR 746 inwhich the circuit is adapted to be used incameras having interchangeable lens.

FOR 756 AERIAL CAMERA: (354/65)Foreign art collection wherein a camera isspecifically adapted for aerial photographyor a camera combined with or speciallyadapted for attachment to a support which isat a practically inaccessible altitude or acamera with means specially adapted forcontrolling exposures at inaccessible alti-tudes.

FOR 757 Having shutter or film feed speed and airor spin speed synchronizing: (354/66)Subject matter under subclass FOR 756wherein the camera has means for varyingthe speed of the shutter or light sensitivematerial feeding mechanism in response to achange in the speed of an air vehicle.

FOR 758 Remote exposure control: (354/67)

Subject matter under subclass FOR 756including means to control a camera by adevice actuated by radiation whereby anoperator or a radiation source can control thecamera through the device from a remotepoint.

FOR 759 Simultaneous recording of plural images:(354/68)Subject matter under subclass FOR 756wherein two or more images are recorded atthe same time.

FOR 760 Plural images recorded on plural film:(354/69)Subject matter under subclass FOR 759wherein the plural images are recorded onseparate light sensitive materials.

FOR 761 Having camera direction stabilizing (e.g.,gyroscope, etc.): (354/70)Subject matter under subclass FOR 756wherein the camera has an image stabilizingsystem to compensate for the movement ofthe camera holding structure.

FOR 762 Including continuously moving film: (354/71)Subject matter under subclass FOR 756wherein a film is shifted without interrup-tion during the recording of a picture.

FOR 763 Having indicator, signal or scale: (354/72)Subject matter under subclass FOR 756including means to indicate information per-taining to the operation of the camera to anoperator.

FOR 764 Including synchronization: (354/73)Subject matter under subclass FOR 756 hav-ing means for operating in timed relationtwo or more devices, e.g., shutter and dia-phragm, shutter and illumination means, etc.

FOR 765 Support or holder: (354/74)Subject matter under subclass FOR 756including means for supporting the cameraagainst gravity.

FOR 766 EXPOSURE IDENTIFICATION: (354/105)Foreign art collection including camerastructure and means to facilitate marking


February 2011

light sensitive surfaces for identificationpurposes.

FOR 767 Autos:graphic camera: (354/106)Subject matter under subclass FOR 766wherein said means is part of the camerastructure.

FOR 768 Stencil or indicia transfer strip: (354/107)Subject matter under subclass FOR 767wherein said means involves the use of astencil or transfer strip.

FOR 769 Removable: (354/108)Subject matter under subclass FOR 768wherein said strip is inserted or extractedfrom said camera during normal usage.

FOR 770 Having auxiliary identification photo-graphing system: (354/109)Subject matter under subclass FOR 766including means for recording a plurality ofobjects in a plurality of planes, the reproduc-tion of which is recorded on a single frameof said surface.

FOR 771 OBJECT ILLUMINATION COMBINEDWITH CAMERA STRUCTURE: (354/126)Foreign art collection having artificialmeans to illuminate a subject in combinationwith camera structure.

FOR 772 Having measuring, testing or indicating:(354/127.1)Subject matter under subclass FOR 771including means for measuring, testing orindicating some condition of the illumina-tion source or the camera structure.

FOR 773 Having flash ready indicator: (354/127.11)Subject matter under subclass FOR 772 inwhich the readiness of the flash device isindicated.

FOR 774 Indicating power source status: (354/127.12)Subject matter under subclass FOR 773 inwhich the indicator is responsive to thequantity of charge on a capacitor, the quan-tity of voltage or current of a battery or oper-ative status of an electric energy sourcewhich powers the flash unit.

FOR 775 Having distance indicator: (354/127.13)Subject matter under subclass FOR 772 inwhich the indicator sets or displays the dis-tance from the flash unit to the subject.

FOR 776 Having camera synchronization: (354/129)Subject matter under subclass FOR 771including means to actuate the shutter intimed relationship with the illuminationmeans.

FOR 777 Shutter controlled by explosive force offlash device: (354/130)Subject matter under subclass FOR 776including a combustible material whoseignition provides a mechanical force tooperate a shutter mechanism.

FOR 778 Remote control (e.g., radio wave, etc.):(354/131)Subject matter under subclass FOR 776including means to control a camera by adevice actuated by radiation whereby anoperator or a radiation source can control thecamera through the device from a remotepoint.

FOR 779 Multiple illumination units: (354/132)Subject matter under subclass FOR 776including more than one illumination meanssimultaneously operated.

FOR 780 Having shutter relay or solenoid: (354/133)Subject matter under subclass FOR 776including electromagnetic means to actuateor release a shutter.

FOR 781 Having pneumatic shutter release: (354/134)Subject matter under subclass FOR 776including gas pressure means to actuate ashutter.

FOR 782 Energizing generator contained in flashunit: (354/135)Subject matter under subclass FOR 776including an electromechanical transducerwhich forms part of a flash unit to produceelectric current for energizing the illumina-tion means.


1February 2011

FOR 783 Reflex focusing mirror closes contacts:(354/136)Subject matter under subclass FOR 776including an illumination circuit that isclosed by the movement of a reflex focusingmirror from a focusing position to an expo-sure position.

FOR 784 Having time delay adjustment means:(354/137)Subject matter under subclass FOR 776wherein means are provided for varying thetime interval between the initiation of theillumination and the shutter actuation.

FOR 785 Positional: (354/138)Subject matter under subclass FOR 784including means to change the time intervalby moving an element to a selected position.

FOR 786 Having detachable synchronizer: (354/140)Subject matter under subclass FOR 776including means to disconnect the synchro-nizer from the camera.

FOR 787 Convertible illumination means: (354/141)Subject matter under subclass FOR 776including means for changing from one typeof illumination means to another.

FOR 788 Percussive illumination source: (354/142)Subject matter under subclass FOR 776including mechanical means to deliver astriking blow to combustible illuminatingmaterial.

FOR 789 Flash unit includes spare lamps: (354/143)Subject matter under subclass FOR 776including means for sequentially substitut-ing operative lamps for expended lamps.

FOR 790 Having unison film advance and lampswitching: (354/144)Subject matter under subclass FOR 789including means for coordinating the intro-duction of unexposed light sensitive surfaceinto an exposing position and the substitu-tion of an operative illumination lamp intoillumination position.

FOR 791 Electronic flash unit: (354/145.1)Subject matter under subclass FOR 776 hav-ing an illumination source of the gas dis-charge type.

FOR 792 Curtain shutter: (354/146)Subject matter under subclass FOR 776including a light excluding member which isa flexible sheet or curtain with an openingwhich passes across a light sensitive surfaceto produce an exposure and is usually rollermounted.

FOR 793 Flash unit contacts actuated by shuttermovement: (354/147)Subject matter under subclass FOR 776including an electrical firing circuit withswitch contacts that are mechanically con-trolled by the mechanical movement of ashutter or shutter actuator mechanism.

FOR 794 Lamp substitution: (354/148)Subject matter under subclass FOR 771including means for permitting movementof a spare source into illumination position.

FOR 795 Having variable illumination angle: (354/149.1):Subject matter under subclass FOR 771 inwhich the illumination angle is adjustable.

FOR 796 Having flash built into camera: (354/149.11)Subject matter under subclass FOR 771 inwhich the illumination unit is part of thecamera body.

FOR 797 INCLUDING MEANS TO REFLECTIMAGE TO FILM: (354/150)Foreign art collection having a mirror toreflect the light rays from an object onto alight sensitive surface.

FOR 798 TWIN LENS REFLEX CAMERA: (354/151)Foreign art collection comprising camerastructure with two similar lenses, one a cam-era lens and one for a viewfinder, which areso coupled that they both focus on exactlythe same plane and a mirror in a fixed posi-tion to reflect, through the viewfinder lens,exactly the same view as viewed by thecamera lens.


February 2011

FOR 799 REFLEX CAMERA WITH SINGLEOBJECTIVE: (354/152)Foreign art collection comprising camerastructure with one lens and a mirror toreflect an exact view of a scene to a view-finder and then the mirror is moved so thescene will be recorded.

FOR 800 Film advance means sets mirror: (354/153)Subject matter under subclass FOR 799including means to move a light sensitivesurface from one frame to another andmeans to position the mirror so that it willreflect the scene to the viewfinder.

FOR 801 Having means to block light from film(e.g., screen, etc.): (354/154)Subject matter under subclass FOR 799 hav-ing means to obstruct light from the lightsensitive surface in addition to a shutter andmirror.

FOR 802 Plural optical means in view finder: (354/155)Subject matter under subclass FOR 799including a combination of two or more sim-ilar or diverse optical elements which areoptically related.

FOR 803 Having manipulating means (e.g., lever,etc.): (354/156)Subject matter under subclass FOR 799 hav-ing a lever which is operated by hand tomove the mirror.

FOR 804 Plate camera: (354/157)Subject matter under subclass FOR 799including two or more sensitized surfaces,herein called “plates”, not in the same planeare encased within a camera and are broughtto the exposure position one at a time with-out opening the receiver to light.

FOR 805 Folding, collapsible or bellows camera:(354/158)Subject matter under subclass FOR 799including means to effect a reduction incamera size from an operative condition toan inoperative condition.

FOR 806 PICTURE SIZE VARIABLE: (354/159)

Foreign art collection having means to per-mit the recording of an image and means tochange the physical dimensions of a frame.

FOR 807 CAMERA BACK OR FILM CARRIERANGULARLY ADJUSTABLE: (354/160)Foreign art collection having means to sup-port a light-sensitive surface or means tocover the rear of a camera wherein either isshiftable with respect to an objective so thatthe vertical plane of the objective is not par-allel to a vertical plane of the light-sensitivesurface or means to cover the rear of thecamera.

FOR 808 CAMERA FILM AND FOCUSINGSCREEN EXCHANGEABLE: (354/161)Foreign art collection having a focusing sur-face and plateholder which are removable ordetachable so that the surface and the plate-holder can be successively brought into thesame position relative to the lens.

FOR 809 WITH RANGEFINDER: (354/162)Foreign art collection having camera struc-ture and means to measure the distance of anobject from two fixed stations on the cam-era.

FOR 810 Rangefinder coupled with focusing: (354/163)Subject matter under subclass FOR 809wherein the means to measure the distanceis joined to a camera lens and they both aremoved simultaneously.

FOR 811 Having parallax correction: (354/164)Subject matter under subclass FOR 810including means to correct for the change inposition of a scene seen in a viewfinder andthat which will actually be photographed bya lens.

FOR 812 Focusing lights: (354/165)Subject matter under subclass FOR 810including means for projecting intersectingfocusing light rays from a camera.

FOR 813 Having viewfinder: (354/166)Subject matter under subclass FOR 810including a viewing device attached to orpart of a camera so as to indicate what por-tion of the view in front of the camera willactually be recorded.


1February 2011

FOR 814 Having adjustable coupling to compen-sate for change of camera lens: (354/167)Subject matter under subclass FOR 810including means to shift the means joiningthe rangefinder and lens to synchronizethem.

FOR 815 Cam means to actuate rangefinder: (354/168)Subject matter under subclass FOR 810wherein the means to move the rangefinderis a surface of fixed points of varying dis-tance from a fixed point which surface is incontact with a follower.

FOR 816 Lever means to actuate rangefinder: (354/169)Subject matter under subclass FOR 810wherein the means to move the rangefinderis an element which moves accurately abouta fulcrum member.

FOR 817 MOTOR FILM DRIVE (e.g., spring,etc.): (354/170)Foreign art collection having camera struc-ture and means to convert energy to produceor impart motion to a light-sensitive mate-rial.

FOR 818 Automatic film advance: (354/171)Subject matter under subclass FOR 817wherein the light-sensitive material ismoved upon each actuation of a shutter byautomatic mechanism.

FOR 819 Having spring tension indicator: (354/172)Subject matter under subclass FOR 818including means to indicate to an operator ofa camera information pertaining to the oper-ation of a spring motor.

FOR 820 Having electric motor: (354/173.1)Subject matter under subclass FOR 818 inwhich the automatic mechanism includes anelectric motor.

FOR 821 Having electronic timing: (354/173.11)Subject matter under subclass FOR 820 inwhich the operation of the electric motor islimited and controlled by an electronic cir-cuit having an electronic timing means.

FOR 822 MAGAZINE CAMERA: (354/174)Foreign art collection wherein two or morelight sensitive surfaces, herein called“plates”, not in the same plane are encasedwithin a camera structure or light-tightreceiver attachable thereto and are broughtto the exposure position one at a time with-out opening the receiver to light.

FOR 823 Rotatable magazine: (354/175)Subject matter under subclass FOR 822wherein the plates are mounted on a turret ordrum magazine which is rotatable 360degrees and which places a new plate in theexposure position upon a predeterminedamount of rotation (e.g., a turret may have 2or more sides with plates mounted on eachside and pivoted at its center).

FOR 824 Hand-changed plate: (354/176)Subject matter under subclass FOR 822wherein a flexible end to the magazine-boxor light-guard admits the hand of the opera-tor to the box to permit a change of the plateto be effected by hand guidance of thechanging mechanism or by a handhold onthe plate.

FOR 825 Tilting magazine: (354/177)Subject matter under subclass FOR 822wherein the change of the plate from storageto exposure position or vice versa, necessi-tates vertical tilting or rotating a receiverconstituting at least a part of the magazineand itself holding more than one plate in dif-ferent planes.

FOR 826 Flexible carrier for plates: (354/178)Subject matter under subclass FOR 822wherein the magazine is characterized byflexible carrier means for transferring theplates between the storage and exposurepositions.

FOR 827 Having tab means: (354/179)Subject matter under subclass FOR 826wherein each sensitized plate has its owncarrier with a tab portion for manually pull-ing the plate around a curved track to orfrom the exposure area.

FOR 828 Sliding plate: (354/180)


February 2011

Subject matter under subclass FOR 822wherein the plate moves in a straight line.

FOR 829 Sliding and return: (354/181)Subject matter under subclass FOR 828wherein the plates in the receiver are movedin alternate directions from an exposureposition and back to the receiver.

FOR 830 Intermediate exposure chamber: (354/182)Subject matter under subclass FOR 828wherein the plate is moved to an exposureposition between two other plate receivers.

FOR 831 Quarter-turned plate: (354/183)Subject matter under subclass FOR 822including two receivers with plates, theplanes of these plates are perpendicular toeach other, and means for exposing theplates or transferring them from one receiverto the other.

FOR 832 Tilting: (354/184)Subject matter under subclass FOR 831wherein the plate transfer from one receiverto the other is effected by swinging the plateupon an axis in or near one of its edges.

FOR 833 Baseguides: (354/185)Subject matter under subclass FOR 832wherein the plate is guided at its base duringmovement between its two storage posi-tions.

FOR 834 Rear plate replaceable: (354/186)Subject matter under subclass FOR 822wherein the plates are removed from oneend or face of a receiver and replaced at theother end or back of the same receiver in aplane parallel to their first positions.

FOR 835 MANUAL CAMERA FOCUSING: (354/195.1)Foreign art collection having manuallyadjustable means for moving lenses of acamera to obtain sharpness of an image on alight sensitive surface and camera structure.

FOR 836 Diaphragm controlled by focusing: (354/195.11)Subject matter under subclass FOR 835wherein the lens is coupled to a diaphragm

so that the diaphragm is set by movement ofthe lens.

FOR 837 Plural lenses: (354/195.12)Subject matter under subclass FOR 835 hav-ing two or more lenses to direct light raysupon a light sensitive surface.

FOR 838 Having distance indicator: (354/195.13)Subject matter under subclass FOR 835including means to indicate the distancebetween the camera and the object to bephotographed.

FOR 839 Having viewfinder: (354/199)Subject matter under subclass FOR 835including a viewing device attached to orpart of a camera that will show a scene thatis to be recorded.

FOR 840 Including focusing screen: (354/200)Subject matter under subclass FOR 839including a surface upon which the imageformed by the lens can be seen.

FOR 841 And reflector: (354/201)Subject matter under subclass FOR 840including a mirror surface wherein lightstriking said mirror surface will return backinto the medium from which it came andonto said focusing surface or screen.

FOR 842 CAMERA DETAILS: (354/202)Foreign art collection wherein the subjectmatter relates to miscellaneous structure orparticular details adapted for or intended foruse with a camera.

FOR 843 Film-restraining means: (354/203)Subject matter under subclass FOR 842 hav-ing means to press or hold a film in a planein which an image formed by a lens is sharp.

FOR 844 Interlocking film advance and shuttertension or setting: (354/204)Subject matter under subclass FOR 842 hav-ing means for moving a light-sensitive mate-rial wherein the means is coupled withshutter mechanism.

FOR 845 Focal plane shutter: (354/205)Subject matter under subclass FOR 844wherein a shutter is located near the focalplane of a lens.


1February 2011

FOR 846 Including film movement limiting means:(354/206)Subject matter under subclass FOR 844 hav-ing means to limit the light sensitive mate-rial to one frame.

FOR 847 Double exposure prevention: (354/207)Subject matter under subclass FOR 842wherein the camera has some structure orindicator which prevents or warns an opera-tor of double exposure.

FOR 848 Foldable, collapsible, or extensible cam-era structure: (354/208)Subject matter under subclass FOR 847including means to effect a reduction in sizeof a foldable, collapsible, or extensible lensholder from an operative condition to aninoperative condition.

FOR 849 Having manual override (i.e., permitsdouble exposure): (354/209)Subject matter under subclass FOR 847including means to permit an operator tomanually manipulate a shutter actuatingmeans so that a double exposure can bemade.

FOR 850 Plural film type: (354/210)Subject matter under subclass FOR 842wherein the camera structure provides formore than one supply of light sensitivematerial for recording.

FOR 851 Film cut-off: (354/211)Subject matter under subclass FOR 842 hav-ing means for cutting a portion of a light-sensitive material from a strip.

FOR 852 Film-advancing means: (354/212)Subject matter under subclass FOR 842 hav-ing means for moving light-sensitive mate-rial.

FOR 853 Having film movement limiting means(i.e., movement stops after oneframe):(354/213)Subject matter under subclass FOR 852including means to limit the light-sensitivematerial advance to one frame.

FOR 854 Including rewind means: (354/214)

Subject matter under subclass FOR 852comprising means to reverse the winding ofthe light-sensitive material.

FOR 855 Including film position indicating means:(354/215)Subject matter under subclass FOR 852comprising means to convey information toan operator related to the light sensitivematerial position with an exposure plane.

FOR 856 Posterior roll: (354/216)Subject matter under subclass FOR 852 hav-ing a roll which lies behind the plane uponwhich an exposure is made.

FOR 857 Film frame counting or measuring: (354/217)Subject matter under subclass FOR 842comprising means to indicate the number ofpictures taken or means to indicate howmuch sensitive material is used or left to beused.

FOR 858 Measuring: (354/218)Subject matter under subclass FOR 857including the means to indicate the length oflight- sensitive material used or left to beused.

FOR 859 Viewfinder: (354/219)Subject matter under subclass FOR 842 foran attachment to or used as part of a camerathat will show a scene that will be includedin a frame.

FOR 860 Pose reflector: (354/220)Subject matter under subclass FOR 859 hav-ing means for returning a light striking a sur-face into the medium from which it came sothat a person can see a view of himself.

FOR 861 Parallax correction: (354/221)Subject matter under subclass FOR 859including means to correct for the change inposition of a scene seen in a viewfinder andthat which will actually be photographed bya lens.

FOR 862 Selective or adjustable viewfinder field:(354/222)Subject matter under subclass FOR 859 hav-ing means to permit a person to determine


February 2011

the areas included on a negative or means toregulate the area on a negative.

FOR 863 Selective or adjustable viewing position:(354/223)Subject matter under subclass FOR 859 hav-ing means to permit angular adjustment ofthe viewfinder or person to select the angleof viewing.

FOR 864 Having reflector: (354/224)Subject matter under subclass FOR 859 hav-ing means for returning light striking a sur-face into the medium from which it came.

FOR 865 Plural: (354/225)Subject matter under subclass FOR 864 hav-ing more than one reflector.

FOR 866 Shutter: (354/226)Subject matter under subclass FOR 842 hav-ing means to interrupt the light passingthrough a lens to a light-sensitive material.

FOR 867 Electro-optical type: (354/227.1)Subject matter under subclass FOR 866 hav-ing optical media that can be changed by theapplication of an electric or magnetic field.

FOR 868 Having diaphragm: (354/228)Subject matter under subclass FOR 866including means to control the amount oflight passing through a lens to a light sensi-tive material.

FOR 869 Plural apertured diaphragm: (354/229)Subject matter under subclass FOR 868including more than one opening to controlthe light.

FOR 870 Shutter and diaphragm formed by thesame pivoted or sliding plates: (354/230)Subject matter under subclass FOR 868wherein the same means interrupts and con-trols light passing through a lens to a lightsensitive material.

FOR 871 Including coupled shutter and dia-phragm: (354/231)Subject matter under subclass FOR 868 hav-ing means to connect the shutter and dia-phragm so that a means to adjust one willalso adjust the other.

FOR 872 Diaphragm opens for focusing or view-ing: (354/232)Subject matter under subclass FOR 868 hav-ing means for moving the blades of a dia-phragm to allow the maximum amount oflight to pass through for focusing or viewingor means to hold the blades of a diaphragmfully open until the shutter release is actu-ated.

FOR 873 Having shutter between lens: (354/233)Subject matter under subclass FOR 866wherein the shutter is placed between frontand rear components of a lens.

FOR 874 Dynamo-electric actuated: (354/234.1)Subject matter under subclass FOR 866 hav-ing means to convert electrical energy tomechanical energy by means of an electro-magnet to cause the shutter to actuate.

FOR 875 Single linear solenoid: (354/235.1)Subject matter under subclass FOR 874 hav-ing only one dynamoelectric means which isconstrained to move in a straight line.

FOR 876 Plural shutters: (354/236)Subject matter under subclass FOR 866 hav-ing more than one means to interrupt thelight.

FOR 877 Having delayed release means: (354/237)Subject matter under subclass FOR 866including means to defer for a time the ini-tial actuation of the shutter.

FOR 878 Including electric circuit means: (354/238.1)Subject matter under subclass FOR 877wherein the means to delay the shutterrelease includes an electric system.

FOR 879 Having clocktrain: (354/239)Subject matter under subclass FOR 877wherein the means to delay the shutterrelease includes plural gearing.

FOR 880 Detachable from camera: (354/240)Subject matter under subclass FOR 879 hav-ing means to remove the delay means fromthe camera.

FOR 881 Curtain or flexible plate type: (354/241)


1February 2011

Subject matter under subclass FOR 866wherein the light interrupter means is a resil-ient or flexible sheet.

FOR 882 Plural curtains or plates: (354/242)Subject matter under subclass FOR 881 hav-ing more than one resilient or flexible sheetwherein two resilient or flexible sheets forman opening which passes across a light sen-sitive material to produce an exposure.

FOR 883 Curtains width opening: (354/243)Subject matter under subclass FOR 882including means to adjust or control theextent of the opening to produce an expo-sure.

FOR 884 More than two rollers: (354/244)Subject matter under subclass FOR 883including three or more supply and take-upspools for storing the curtains or flexibleplates.

FOR 885 Sliding rigid plate: (354/245)Subject matter under subclass FOR 866wherein the light interrupter means is a stiffsheet.

FOR 886 Plural plates: (354/246)Subject matter under subclass FOR 885 hav-ing more than one stiff sheet.

FOR 887 Moves in opposite directions: (354/247)Subject matter under subclass FOR 886wherein one of the stiff sheets slides in adiverse direction with respect to the othersheet.

FOR 888 Rectilinear reciprocation: (354/248)Subject matter under subclass FOR 885wherein a rigid plate is moved in alternatedirections in a straight line.

FOR 889 Vertical motion: (354/249)Subject matter under subclass FOR 888wherein the rigid plate is moved in a straightline so as to form a right angle with theplane of the horizon.

FOR 890 Pivoting or rotating blade: (354/250)Subject matter under subclass FOR 866wherein a shutter is mounted for movementin one direction only or is rotatably recipro-cated, about a fixed axis.

FOR 891 Having cocking means: (354/251)Subject matter under subclass FOR 890comprising means to set a shutter actuationmeans.

FOR 892 Having brake means: (354/252)Subject matter under subclass FOR 890comprising means to stop a shutter bladeafter a complete shutter actuation.

FOR 893 Including aperture cover or lid: (354/253)Subject matter under subclass FOR 890comprising two or more blades to stop lightfrom entering a camera.

FOR 894 Shutter blade moves continuously fromclosed to open to closed position: (354/254)Subject matter under subclass FOR 890comprising means for moving a blade with afirst aperture in it past a second aperture,e.g., diaphragm, so that the first aperturemoves on past the second aperture to close iffrom light.

FOR 895 Blade moves in opposite direction onalternate exposures: (354/255)Subject matter under subclass FOR 894wherein the blade with the aperture movesfirst in one way past the second aperture andthen moves back past the second aperturewhen another picture is taken.

FOR 896 Having retard means: (354/256)Subject matter under subclass FOR 890 hav-ing means to hold a shutter fully open for acertain period of time.

FOR 897 Including pneumatic means: (354/257)Subject matter under subclass FOR 896wherein the means to hold the shutter openis an expansible chamber motor.

FOR 898 Including electric circuit means: (354/258.1)Subject matter under subclass FOR 896wherein the means to hold a shutter open is amagnet or solenoid that is controlled byelectrical components connected together sothat an electric current will flow through thecomponents.

FOR 899 Including gear means: (354/259)


February 2011

Subject matter under subclass FOR 896wherein the means to hold a shutter open isprovided with one or more protuberances orgrooves which interengage and cooperatewith mating protuberances on, or grooves in,another member to form therewith a positiveforce means.

FOR 900 Including cam means: (354/260)Subject matter under subclass FOR 896wherein the means to hold a shutter open isprovided with a surface of fixed points ofvarying distance from a fixed point whichsurface is in contact with a follower to varythe time the shutter remains open.

FOR 901 Plural oscillating blades: (354/261)Subject matter under subclass FOR 890wherein there are two or more blades thatare rotatably reciprocated about a fixed axisfrom an open to a closed position.

FOR 902 Having gear means: (354/262)Subject matter under subclass FOR 901 hav-ing means to actuate the blades which meanshave plural protuberances which interen-gage and cooperate with mating protuber-ances.

FOR 903 Having pneumatic actuator: (354/263)Subject matter under subclass FOR 901wherein the blades are moved by gas pres-sure means.

FOR 904 Symmetrical opening: (354/264)Subject matter under subclass FOR 901wherein the blades move in diverse direc-tions from or toward a center and form anaperture which always varies the same fromthe center.

FOR 905 Opposite movement: (354/265)Subject matter under subclass FOR 901wherein one blade moves in one directionwhile another blade moves in another direc-tion.

FOR 906 Release or actuator means: (354/266)Subject matter under subclass FOR 866comprising means to allow a part of a cam-era structure to operate or means to apply abias or mechanical advantage to effectmovement of a part of a camera structure.

FOR 907 Timing means: (354/267.1)Subject matter under subclass FOR 906comprising means to allow a shutter to beopen for a predetermined time period.

FOR 908 Having safety lock: (354/268)Subject matter under subclass FOR 906comprising means to prevent the shutteractuator from being accidently actuated.

FOR 909 Cable release: (354/269)Subject matter under subclass FOR 906comprising a flexible element for transmis-sion of tension or compression.

FOR 910 Indicator or setting means: (354/289.1)Subject matter under subclass FOR 842comprising structure for exhibiting, as byregistry or nonregistry of significantlyplaced indicia, the displacement or theadjusted position of some camera part.

FOR 911 Indicia on lens ring or housing: (354/289.11)Subject matter under subclass FOR 910 inwhich the indicator or setting means is in theform of markings on the lens ring or lenshousing of the camera.

FOR 912 Having electric circuit means: (354/289.12)Subject matter under subclass FOR 911 inwhich the indicator or setting meansincludes electric circuit means.

FOR 913 CAMERA MOUNTING OR REST: (354/293)Foreign art collection including structure formaintaining a photographic camera in afixed position or fixed path of movementwith respect to some other body or the earth;or including structure facilitating the hold-ing of the camera by an operator.

FOR 914 Stereo: (354/294)Subject matter under subclass FOR 913including means to facilitate the positioningof one or two cameras to effect the recordingof plural images that are to give the impres-sion of solidity or relief.

FOR 915 FLUID-TREATING APPARATUS: (354/297)


1February 2011

Foreign art collection having a device forsubjecting light sensitive material to a gas orliquid or to subcombinations not classifiedelsewhere.

FOR 916 Photocell controlled: (354/298)Subject matter under subclass FOR 915 witha light responsive device which regulatessome portion of the fluid treating apparatus.

FOR 917 And temperature control: (354/299)Subject matter under subclass FOR 915 withmeans for regulating the temperature of theapparatus, fluid or material.

FOR 918 Gaseous treating: (354/300)Subject matter under the subclass FOR 915wherein the fluid is a gas or vapor.

FOR 919 Treating superimposed or laminar sheets:(354/301)Subject matter under subclass FOR 915wherein an image-exposed strip is broughtinto contact with a second strip for fluidtreatment.

FOR 920 Rollers sequentially submerge and presssheet: (354/302)Subject matter under subclass FOR 919including revolving cylinders to immerse atleast one of the strips in treating fluid andsubsequently squeeze the strips together.

FOR 921 Having fluid dispensing: (354/303)Subject matter under subclass FOR 919including means for distributing treatingfluid to one of the strips.

FOR 922 Collapsible container: (354/304)Subject matter under subclass FOR 921wherein the distributing means includes arupturable holder.

FOR 923 Having fluid reservoir: (354/305)Subject matter under subclass FOR 919including means to store the treating fluid.

FOR 924 Reversal processing: (354/306)Subject matter under subclass FOR 915 withmeans for reexposing the material with aninitial latent image thereon.

FOR 925 Dark cabinet: (354/307)

Subject matter under subclass FOR 915 witha light-excluding case adapted to hold thematerial while it is being subjected to thefluid subsequent to exposure.

FOR 926 Hand or body insertion: (354/308)Subject matter under subclass FOR 925wherein the case includes means to admit aportion of an operator's body through flexi-ble lightguards.

FOR 927 Having ventilation: (354/309)Subject matter under subclass FOR 926including means for circulating air throughthe case.

FOR 928 Daylight loading: (354/310)Subject matter under subclass FOR 925 hav-ing means for introducing the material intothe case without the necessity of using adark room.

FOR 929 Having film-holding cabinet insertableinto developing tank: (354/311)Subject matter under subclass FOR 925including means to support the material in acasing which is insertable into a fluid-treat-ing receptacle.

FOR 930 Having film support or handling means:(354/312)Subject matter under subclass FOR 925including means to hold the material in posi-tion or manipulate the material.

FOR 931 Roll film handling: (354/313)Subject matter under subclass FOR 930 hav-ing means for manipulating the material thatis wound into a cylindrical mass.

FOR 932 Having motor driven film winding spool:(354/314)Subject matter under subclass FOR 931including means to convert energy to pro-duce or impart motion to a reel upon whichthe material is wound.

FOR 933 Plate film handling means: (354/315)Subject matter under subclass FOR 930wherein the material is relatively inflexible.

FOR 934 Film immersed and removed: (354/316)


February 2011

Subject matter under subclass FOR 930wherein the means to manipulate the mate-rial effects a dipping action.

FOR 935 Fluid application to one side only of film:(354/317)Subject matter under subclass FOR 915wherein the device applies the fluid to only asingle side of the material.

FOR 936 By roller or web: (354/318)Subject matter under subclass FOR 935 hav-ing a revolving cylinder or a belt as the fluidapplicator.

FOR 937 Having film or paper feed: (354/319)Subject matter under subclass FOR 915including means to introduce or withdrawthe material into or from a fluid-treatingarea.

FOR 938 And film immersed and removed: (354/320)Subject matter under subclass FOR 937 withmeans to dip the material in the fluid.

FOR 939 Strip type: (354/321)Subject matter under subclass FOR 938wherein the material is relatively long andnarrow.

FOR 940 Plural stations: (354/322)Subject matter under subclass FOR 938wherein there is more than one treating area.

FOR 941 Single station and plural fluids: (354/323)Subject matter under subclass FOR 915wherein plural diverse fluids are selectivelyapplied to the material and then withdrawnfrom a single processing area.

FOR 942 Having fluid circulating means: (354/324)Subject matter under subclass FOR 915including means for introducing and with-drawing the fluid to and from a treatmentarea.

FOR 943 And fluid spraying means: (354/325)Subject matter under subclass FOR 942 withfluid sprinkling means.

FOR 944 And plate support means: (354/326)

Subject matter under subclass FOR 942 withmeans to hold relatively rigid material inposition for treatment.

FOR 945 By rocking tray or support: (354/327)Subject matter under subclass FOR 942wherein means effect fluctuation of a fluidvessel or material holder.

FOR 946 Having fluid-agitating means: (354/328)Subject matter under subclass FOR 915including means within a treating vessel forvibrating the fluid or means to vibrate thevessel or a material holder to produce fluidvibration.

FOR 947 Rotating carrier: (354/329)Subject matter under subclass FOR 946wherein the means includes a revolvingmaterial holder.

FOR 948 Motor driven: (354/330)Subject matter under subclass FOR 947including means to convert energy to pro-duce or impart motion to the holder.

FOR 949 Film or print processing vessel: (354/331)Subject matter under subclass FOR 915wherein the device includes a fluid recepta-cle for the treatment of the material.

FOR 950 Having interlocking doors: (354/332)Subject matter under subclass FOR 949including treating areas separated by a light-excluding partition and interlinked closures.

FOR 951 Attachment or accessory: (354/333)Subject matter under subclass FOR 949including a device which may be attached tothe receptacle or to a support for the recepta-cle.

FOR 952 Visual film scanner: (354/334)Subject matter under subclass FOR 951wherein the attachment device includesmeans to permit the visual scanning of thematerial.

FOR 953 Adjustable film-holding means: (354/335)Subject matter under subclass FOR 951wherein the device includes means to alterthe position of a material support.

FOR 954 Reservoir: (354/336)


1February 2011

Subject matter under subclass FOR 951wherein the attachable device is a fluid stor-age means.

FOR 955 Having film or plate support: (354/337)Subject matter under subclass FOR 949including structure to hold the light sensitivematerial.

FOR 956 Having film-guiding ribs: (354/338)Subject matter under subclass FOR 949including passive means to limit a path ofmovement of the material in order that thematerial may be supported or stretched dur-ing its treatment by a fluid.

FOR 957 Film guide: (354/339)Subject matter under subclass FOR 915 hav-ing passive means to limit a path of move-ment of the material in order that thematerial may be supported or stretched dur-ing its treatment by a fluid.

FOR 958 Film-holding device: (354/340)Subject matter under subclass FOR 915 hav-ing structure by which the material is lifted,stretched or supported for treatment andwherein the structure is independent of afluid vessel.

FOR 959 Spool: (354/341)Subject matter under subclass FOR 958wherein the structure is cylindrical whichusually has a rim or ridge at each end and anaxial portion on which or about which thematerial is placed.

FOR 960 Tensioning means: (354/342)Subject matter under subclass FOR 958wherein the structure includes means forstretching the material.

FOR 961 Adjustable means: (354/343)Subject matter under subclass FOR 958wherein the structure includes means to per-mit movement of elements to accommodatematerial of different sizes.

FOR 962 Retaining means: (354/344)Subject matter under subclass FOR 958wherein the structure includes means forrestraining the material.

FOR 963 Gripping means: (354/345)

Subject matter under subclass FOR 958wherein the structure includes means toclamp the material.

FOR 964 Opposed frame-gripping means: (354/346)Subject matter under subclass FOR 963wherein the clamping means include ele-ments that act on opposite portions of thematerial.

FOR 965 Plate: (354/347)Subject matter under subclass FOR 963wherein the structure is adapted to clamprelatively rigid material.

FOR 966 RETOUCHING: (354/348)Foreign art collection having means forimproving a photographic surface by addinglines, stipples, etc., mechanically and com-pounds for preparing the surface to receivethe lines or stipple marks.

FOR 967 Stand: (354/349)Subject matter under subclass FOR 966 hav-ing means for holding an article which is tobe retouched, usually characterized by anopen framework which permits illuminationof the under side of the article.

FOR 968 Vibrating: (354/350)Subject matter under subclass FOR 967including means to give a vibratory motionto the holder.

FOR 969 BURNISHING: (354/351)Foreign art collection having means to pol-ish a photographic image by applying to itheat-pressure or friction and such com-pounds as facilitate these operations.

FOR 970 Rotary machine: (354/352)Subject matter under subclass FOR 969 hav-ing means that move in a circular motion forpolishing the photograph.

FOR 971 Internally heated: (354/353)Subject matter under subclass FOR 970including means to raise the temperature ofa rotary tool.

END

Documents

February 2011 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 396 - 1