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Global Weather Trade Winds etc.notebook
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February 17, 2017
Global
Weather
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northern hemisphere
southern hemisphere
equator
north pole
south pole
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We have seasons because of the Earth's tilt
The seasons are opposite in the northern and southern hemispheres
winter
summer
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High Pressure System "H"In the northern hemisphere, high pressure system winds spin clockwise, moving from the center outwardHigh pressure systems usually bring sunny days
Low Pressure Systems (L)In the northern hemisphere, a low pressure system forces winds to spin counterclockwiseAir is forced toward the center of this spiral and has nowhere to go but up. As the air rises, it cools (because the atmosphere gets colder as the altitude increases)Cold air can't hold as much water vapor, so it condenses and forms cloudsWhen the water droplets get too heavy, they may fall as rain or snow
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High Pressure System
Low Pressure
System
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High Pressure vs. Low Pressure
High Pressure AreaAir sinks and the pressure gets higherThis makes condensation unlikely
No condensation= No clouds= Happy Weather
Low Pressure AreaAir rises and causes the pressure to get lowerRising air cools and the water vapor in the air condensesThis condensation makes clouds
Condensation= Clouds= Lousy Weather
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Global WeatherBecause the Earth is round and not flat, the Sun’s rays
don’t fall evenly on the land and oceans
The Sun shines more directly near the equator bringing these areas more warmth
The polar regions get little or no sunlight during the winter, causing colder temperatures. These differences in temperature create a restless movement of air and
water in great swirling currents to distribute heat energy from the Sun across the planet
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LatitudeInvisible lines around the globe that run west and east and measure degrees north and south of the
equator
Like climbing ladder rungs
0 30 N
60 N90 N
30 S60 S
90 S
equator
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LongitudeInvisible lines around the globe that run north and south and measure degrees west and east of the
prime meridian
0 30 E
60 E90 E
30 W60 W
90 W
prime meridian
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Global Wind Patterns
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trade winds
trade winds
westerlies
westerlies
equator
polar easterlies
polar easterlies
N
S
W E
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Trade WindsA belt of winds that blow towards the equator
They are warm, steady breezes that blow almost continuously
equator
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Prevailing WesterliesResponsible for many of the weather movements across the United States and Canada in the northern hemisphere
The winds that move toward the poles appear to curve to the east. This is because winds are named from the direction in which they originate
equator
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How the wind is blowing at the earth's surface is often different than
the how it is blowing in the upper levels in the atmosphere...
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Jet StreamUpper level winds located at the top of the troposphere
A fast flowing and narrow (skinny) air current
Jet streams can move weather systems around
They blow most weather systems from west to east in the United States
In conclusion... They are a river of air at the top of the troposphere!
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Jet Stream
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The Coriolis Effect"The curving of the path of a moving object caused by Earth's rotation"
The Coriolis effect causes trade winds to bend/curve
Winds curve to the right in the northern hemisphere
Winds curve to the left in the southern hemisphere
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Gulf StreamOne of the strong ocean currents that carries warm water to higher latitudes
Stretches from the Gulf of Mexico up the east coast of the United States
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Climate pattern where water in the Pacific Ocean near the equator becomes warmer than usual, which affects the atmosphere and weather around the world
El Niño climate conditions occur every few years, and they are not predictable
El Niño
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El Niño Climate PatternThe climate pattern can change the weather of the United States, particularly in California and the southern states
El Niño brings more rain and higher temperatures
El Niño may also bring warmer than normal winter temperatures to the eastern part of the United States
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El NiñoCause Effect
Surface water becomes warm Kills nutrients
Nutrients (food) decrease Plankton, fish, and sea birds die.
Trade winds calm down Causes warm water to come to the surface
Scientists do not know what causes El Nino. It occurs naturally every 27 years and lasts for approximately
810 months
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La Niña is sort of the opposite of El Niño
During a La Niña, the water along the tropical west coast of South America becomes cooler, which affects weather around the globe and in the U.S.
Trade winds and ocean currents bring this cold water to the surface
According to scientists, La Niña cycles generally create a more active hurricane season in the Atlantic
La Niña
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La Niña Cause Effect
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Warmer water is push out of the way by wind
Colder waters are exposed to the surface
The air above the ocean in the eastern Pacific becomes
cool
Prevents rain needed in this part of the world (dry)
Waters in the western Pacific become warmer
Humidity and temperature increase in the west
Humidity and temperature increase in the west
The number of rain storms increases in the west4
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cooler temperatures
low pressure
warmer temperatures
high pressure
affect patterns of rainfall and air pressure
El Niño La Niña
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