Upload
egbert-ross
View
219
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Feb 2007WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 1
Introduction Wireless Sensor Networks and Crossbow’s Hardware Products
Topics Crossbow Background & the WSN
Market End-user Benefits/Motivation MoteWorks and Wireless Products
Overview
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 2 Feb 2007
San Jose Headquarters
Corporate Overview
Global Leader in Sensory Systems Founded 1995 MEMS-Based Inertial Systems Wireless Sensor Networking
125 Employees World Wide
$25M in Venture Capital Cisco Systems, Intel Corporation Morgenthaler Ventures, Paladin Capital
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 3 Feb 2007
CrossbowUnited States
Switzerland
Japan
China
DistributorsMost European Countries
Key Asian Markets
Crossbow Corporate Overview -- Worldwide Locations
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 4 Feb 2007
Sensor Systems for Avionics and Land Vehicles First Silicon MEMS IMU/Gyro System First MEMS Gyro FAA certification
Another Side of Crossbow – Inertial Systems
Eclipse 500
Virgin Atlantic Global Flyer
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 5 Feb 2007
WSN Market Overview – “The Next Tier of the Internet"
Year
Availa
bili
ty o
f co
mp
uti
ng
InteractivityProductivity
Mainframe
Workstation
Number CrunchingData Storage
Connectivity withPhysical World
Personal Computer
Cellular phone
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 6 Feb 2007
WSN Industries
Research,Education
Industrial Automation
Building Automation
Mobile Asset Management
EnvironmentMonitoring
Physical Security
Feb 2007WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 7
Introduction Wireless Sensor Networks and Crossbow’s Hardware Products
Topics Crossbow Background & the WSN Market End-user Benefits/Motivation MoteWorks and Wireless Products Overview
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 8 Feb 2007
Why Deploy Wireless Sensor Networks?
Across the various industries and markets, the benefits of
wireless sensor networks can be grouped into three areas
1. Lower the cost of wiring or deploy “off-the-grid”
2. Build sensing networks for ad-hoc infrastructure
3. Enable new sensor applications where wiring is not possible
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 9 Feb 2007
Benefits/Motivation
Lower cost of wiring Retrofit of existing systems No power or IT infrastructure Intrinsically safe apps
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 10 Feb 2007
Benefits/Motivation (cont’d)
Sensing networks for ad-hoc infrastructure
Start small and scale up Incremental improvement of operations Temporary monitoring or site auditing
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 11 Feb 2007
Benefits/Motivation (cont’d)
New applications where sensors have not been used before
Mobile equipment/people Rapidly changing environment Below ground / covert sensors Atmospheric monitoring
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 12 Feb 2007
XAV (Crossbow Aerial Vehicle) for Really Difficult Locations
XAV
Ground Station PC
R/C Transmitter
High Gain Wi-Fi
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 13 Feb 2007
XAV Flight Test Data: 3D and 2D Position
A separate training class on the XAV is available. Visit our website or see Susan Lee for details
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 14 Feb 2007
Wireless Sensor Network – Architecture
Processor-Radio-Data Logger“Mote”
Sensor cluster or interface
card
Crossbow’s Focus
Feb 2007WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 15
Introduction Wireless Sensor Networks and Crossbow’s Hardware Products
Topics Crossbow & The WSN Market End-user Benefits/Motivations MoteWorks and Wireless Products Overview
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 16 Feb 2007
Crossbow Solution
Design Engineering Services, Support and Training
Software Platform
HardwarePlatform
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 17 Feb 2007
Software Platform -- MoteWorks™
Hardware Platform
Database
Mote Network Tier
SW Development Tools
TinyOS
XMesh
XOtap
Server Tier
Gateway Server SW(“XServe”)
XMesh
XOtap XML
Database
Custom
Serial Forwarder
Client Tier
Monitoring &Management
MoteView
Data Visualization
Analysis
Management
Configuration
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 18 Feb 2007
Design Engineering Services
Hardware Platform
Processor/Radio Boards
OEM Modules Sensor Boards Gateway Boards
Evaluation &
Development Kits
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 19 Feb 2007
Basic Anatomy of a Sensor Node
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 20 Feb 2007
“What Type of Mote Do I Have?” (Review)
Look at the number on the label with units in MHz or GHz
MICA2 433 MHz
MICA2 915 MHz
MICAz 2.4 GHz
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 21 Feb 2007
MICA2 and MICAz Wireless Modules
Logger Flash
ATMega128LcontrollerAnalog I/ODigital I/O
FSK, Freq. Tunable Radio
51-Pin
Exp
ansio
n C
on
nec
tor
Antenna
MMCX connector
LE
Ds
Serial ID
FCC/ARIB certified
Logger Flash
ATMega128LcontrollerAnalog I/ODigital I/O
DSSS, 802.15.4 Radio
51-Pin
Exp
ansio
n C
on
nec
tor
Antenna
MMCX connector
LE
Ds
Serial ID
MICAz(MPR2400)
MICA2(MPR400, MPR410, MPR420)
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 22 Feb 2007
MICAz and MICA2 Core Hardware Components
Platform MICAz MICA2 Information
Microprocessor
ATmega128L ATmega128L http://www.atmel.com
Radio CC2420(2.4 GHz)
CC1000(433 MHz, 868/916 MHz)
http://www.chipcon.com/
External Serial Flash
AT45DB041512 Kbyte
AT45DB041512 Kbyte
http://www.atmel.comThe serial flash can be used for over-the-air-programming (OTAP) and/or data logging
Unique ID (integrated circuit)
DS2401P64-bit
DS2401P64-bit
http://www.maxim-ic.com/This chip contains a unique 64 bit identifier.
51-Pin expansion connector
Yes, except for OEM modules
Yes, except for OEM modules
This connector brings out most of the ATmega128L signal
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 23 Feb 2007
Atmega128 Resources (1 of 2)
Resource Value Information
Program Memory (Flash Memory)
128K BytesThis memory stores the application code. It is programmed through an MIB base station or using OTAP. When reprogrammed, the entire memory is erased except for the boot code section.
SRAM 4K BytesThis memory section is used to store user application parameters, XMesh variables and TinyOS variables. It also contains the stack.
EEPROM 4K BytesThis memory is used to store persistent values such as mote_id, radio frequency, etc.
Timers4 Timers, two 8 bit, two 16 bit
TIMER0: (8 bit) is used by TinyOS and is available to the user only through the standard TinyOS clock services.TIMER1: (16 bit) is available to the userTIMER2: (8 bit) is only available to the user on the MICA2. For MICAz it is used by the TinyOS radio stack and cannot by used otherwise.TIMER3: (16bit) is available to the user.
SPI Bus1, but not available
The SPI bus is reserved exclusively for the radio interface and is not available for user applications. The SPI bus is also used during reprogramming by the MIB units.
I2C Bus 1 This is a standard serial interface to many sensors
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 24 Feb 2007
Atmega128 Resources (2 of 2)
Resource Value Information
UART 2
The processor has two UARTs that can be run in either an asynchronous or synchronous mode. UART0 is used for base station communication. UART1 is available to users. The control pins for this uart are shared with the serial flash.
ADC 8 channels
There is a 10 bit ADC available for users. On MICA2 one channel is allocated for the radio’s RSSI. The ADC inputs are also used for JTAG so users should try to use other ADC inputs if possible if they wish to use the JTAG capability.
GPIOThere are many general purpose I/O lines available. Some of these support additional functionality (see ATmega128 manual)
External Clock (High Speed)
7.3228 MHz
This crystal speed is chosen to generate correct UART baud rates (57.6K baud). It is only needed for base station Motes that communicate over the UART or other user applications that communicate to external serial devices. Normally a non-base station mote is fuse programmed to use an internal 8 MHz clock as this clock has a faster start-up time and reduces the overall power consumption for a low-power mesh. The high speed clock is off when the MICA is sleeping.
External Clock(Low Speed)
32 kHzThis clock is used for TinyOS timing (TIMER0). It is always running even when the mote is sleeping as it’s used to wake-up the mote after the required sleep interval.
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 25 Feb 2007
Atmega128 Fuses
What are fuses? Programmable settings to put the ATMega128L processor into different modes of operation For complete discussion of the fuses see
http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/2467s.pdf.
There are 3 types of fuses that MoteWorks users should be aware1. Atmega103 compatibility fuse
2. JTAG fuse
3. XMesh operationsSee Appendix C of the XMesh User’s Manual for further reference
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 26 Feb 2007
Syntax for UISP to Set and Read Fuses
--<fuse operation> is optional and can be left out. See the next slide for different settings
--rd_fuses lets you read and print to screen the fuse’s states
For more information type uisp –h in a Cygwin window for documentation
MIB Type General Format for the UISP Command Line in CygwinMIB510 uisp -dprog=mib510 -dserial=/dev/ttyS<COM#> -dpart=ATMega128
–-<fuse_operation> –-rd_fuses
MIB520 (Use the higher of the two COM ports)
uisp -dprog=mib520 dserial=/dev/ttyS<COM#+1> -dpart=ATMega128
–-<fuse_operation> –-rd_fuses
MIB600 uisp -dprog=stk500 -dhost=<IP_Addr> -dpart=ATMega128
--<fuse_operation> –-rd_fuses
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 27 Feb 2007
Important Fuse Operations for XMesh
Example: To make a high power mesh node use the internal oscillator via a MIB510 on COM1
XMesh configuration
wr_fuse_h wr_fuse_l wr_fuse_e Description
XMesh-LP or XMesh-ELP andOTAP disabled
0xd9 0xc4 0xff Internal oscillator (8MHz) enabled.JTAG disabled.
XMesh-LP or XMesh-ELP andOTAP enabled
0xd8 0xc4 0xff Internal oscillator (8 MHz) enabled.JTAG disabled. Bootloader for OTAP
XMesh-HP and OTAP enabled
0xd8 0xff 0xff Bootloader for OTAP
Base Station(XMeshBase)
0xd9 0xff 0xff Enable the use of an external oscillatoruisp -v -dprog=mib510 -dpart=ATmega128 -dserial=/dev/ttyS0
--wr_fuse_h=0xd9 --wr_fuse_l=0xff --wr_fuse_e=0xff --rd_fuses
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 28 Feb 2007
A Shortcut to Set and Read Fuses
Typing in the long UISP command can be cumbersomeThere is a script called “fuses” in /MoteWorks/tools/bin which
allows the fuses to be read and written easily. (Screen shot below.) You should be able to do this in any directory in a Cygwin window
An even nicer alternative: Use MoteConfig (more later).$ fusesfuses Ver:$Id: fuses,v 1.1.4.1 2006/07/21 15:42:59 mturon Exp $ Usage: fuses [command] [port] [args] read = read fuses clkint = set to internal oscillator clkext = set to external oscillator jtagen = enable JTAG jtagdis = disable JTAG
Command Flag ------- ------------------------------------------------------------ clkext --wr_fuse_l=0xff clkint --wr_fuse_l=0xc4 jtagdis --wr_fuse_h=0xd9 jtagen --wr_fuse_h=0x19 read --rd_fuses
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 29 Feb 2007
MTS300/310 General Experimental Board
Microphone / Tone DetectorTemperature: Panasonic ERT-J1VR103J
CdSe Photoresistor
Sounder: Ario (centered at 4.5 kHz)
Magnetometer: Honeywell HMC1002 (MTS310CA only)
• Resolution: 134 mGaussAccelerometer: ADI ADXL202 (MTS310CA only)• 2 axis• Resolution: ± 2mG
XSensor App XMesh App Driver directoryXMTS310_XXX_HP
XMTS310_XXX_LP
NotesUse XMeshBase for Mote on gateway board.
Use XMeshBase for Mote on gateway board
Program Name
XSensorMTS310 /opt/MoteWorks/tos/sensorboards/mts310
WSN Training: Intro to WSN & Mote Kits 30 Feb 2007
MTS3x0CA or MTS3x0CB?
Probably most of you have the MTS300CBs and MTS310CBs.
While they are largely identical to the MTS300CA and MTS310CA, there are two ways to distinguish them CBs have a white sticker label on them CBs have a green “jumper” wire soldered on one side of the
board
Take a moment to note which board you have and write that down at the front of your WSN training manual