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7/31/2019 Features of English Speech
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FEATURES OF THE
ENGLISH
SPEECH
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5. WORDCONNECTION
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Overview of todays lecture
Connected speech defined
Is connected speech casual?
Key features of connectedspeech
Student learning challenges
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Introduction
In spoken discourse, English words typicallyrun together.
They arent pronounced in an isolated fashion
within the stream of speech.
I think that a clear is awfully necessary, dont you?
enunciation
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The law of economy
According to Clarey & Dixson (1963), thisresults from a simple law of economy,
whereby the organs of speech, instead oftaking a new position for each sound, tend todraw sounds together with the purpose ofsaving time and energy.
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Is connected speech casual?
Some researchers classify connected speechas something that occurs in fast, informal,
relaxed or casual speech.
Authentic Spoken English! Others characterize connected speech as
naturally occurring talk or real spoken
English.
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Possible conclusions
Connected speech is found in all registers andall rates of speech; it is characteristic ofspoken English.
Register and rate may contribute to some rulesof appropriateness or production.
However, in general, reduced forms affect all
areas and all types of spoken English.Rogerson (2006)
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Linking / Liaison
Gotcha!
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Overview
It is the sound that matters, not thespelling.
They tell me the dime easier to understand.
They tell me that Im easier to understand.
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Linking / Liaison
Keep Out! Keep Out! K-E-E-P O-U-T.
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Overview
AmE liaisons:
Vowel & Vowel
Consonant & Vowel
Consonant & Consonant
T, D, S, Z & the Y sound
BrE Liaison:
Vowel to Vowel
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Liaison: Vowel & Vowel
/y/ glide and /w/ glide
Spelling Pronunciation
be able be(y)able
I am I(y)am
do it do(w)itgo away go(w)away
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Liaison: Consonant & Vowel
a cup of tea a cupevtea
Spelling Pronunciation
a cup_of tea a cupevtea
switch_off switchoff
fried_egg friedegg
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Liaison: Consonant & Vowel
By Russian standards, Tashtagol is a tiny
little townjust twenty-thousand people,
a few streets and a handful of roads. Soyou may be surprised to learn that traffic
problems here have been causing chaos
not because of cars but because of cows.
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Liaison: Consonant &Consonant
GEMINATION
Spelling Pronunciation
stop pushing stoppushing
bad dog baddog
handsome man handsomeman
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Liaison: Consonant &Consonant
AFFRICATIVE (STOP) + AFFRICATIVE
The first consonant is unreleased.
Spelling Pronunciation
pep talk pe(p)talk
pet cat pe(t)cat
black bag bla(ck)bag
bad check ba(d)check
fat judge fa(t)judge
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Liaison: Consonant &Consonant Im a bit tired.
We have a lot to do.
Tell me what to say.
Sit down.
Ive finished it.
I finished it.
Shes slept for three hours.
She slept for three hours.
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Liaison: T, D, S, Z + Y
COAELESCENT ASSIMILATION
Sound A + Sound B = Sound C
T + Y = CHD + Y = J
S + Y = SH
Z + Y = ZH
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Liaison: T, D, S, Z + Y
T + Y = CHstature
actuallyIs that your dog?
Don't you like it?
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Liaison: T, D, S, Z + Y
D + Y = Jgraduation
procedureWould you mind moving?
Did you like it?
What did you do?
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Liaison: T, D, S, Z + Y
S + Y = SH
insurance
issuesugar
Hes coming this year.
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Liaison: T, D, S, Z + Y
Z + Y = ZH
casual
pleasureusual
Does your mother know?
How's your family?
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Linking with /r/ (BrE)
Intrusive /r/
Africa(r) and Asia
banana(r) and almondsvodka(r) and tonics
I saw(r) a film today.
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Student learning challenges
Classroom teachers often
overarticulate to facilitate learner
comprehension.Listening materials are full of clearly
pronounced and articulated speech.
Language learners often developtheir listening and speaking skillsbased on these false premises.
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Student learning challenges
When they encounter authentic NS discourse,learners are often shocked to find that NSs dont
speak in the ways that they expect.
The language outside of the classroom seemsunfamiliar and fast. Students are unable todecipher word boundaries or recognize words orphrases.
Students who do not receive instruction orexposure to authentic discourse are going to havea very rude awakening when they try tounderstand native speech in natural
communicative situations