Features & Benefits - Glencoeglencoe.com/sites/alabama/student/science/assets/pdfs/...rainfall for that period? A 2.0 cm B 3.0 cm C 5.5 cm D 10.0 cm Day Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Rainfall

Features & Benefits• Provides practice questions for the

Science Assessment Framework

• Practice for benchmarks eligible forCriterion Reference Testing

Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such materials be reproduced only for classroom use;be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with theGlencoe Science program. Any other reproduction, for sale or other use, is expressly prohibited.

Send all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus, OH 43240

ISBN 0-07-874268-4Printed in the United States of America1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 045 10 09 08 07 06 05

Alabama Science Advisory BoardThe Alabama Science Advisory Board gave the editorial staff feedback on the content ofthe Alabama State Assessment Program. They provided valuable input in the developmentof these middle school and high school materials.

Randall BlackwoodGrissom Virgil High School

Huntsville, AL

Marlaine ByrdTheodore High School

Theodore, AL

Parham B. CainOxford Middle School

Birmingham, AL

Terri ColeEchols Middle School

Northport, AL

Trudy CunninghamS.L. Scarborough Middle School

Mobile, AL

Natalie DavisMae Eanes Middle School

Mobile, AL

Tricia HudsonJ. Larry Newton Middle School

Fairhope, AL

Tamisha JacksonWoodlawn High School

Birmingham, AL

June KalangeGrissom Virgil High School

Huntsville, AL

Janie LloydRobertsdale High School

Robertsdale, AL

Jane MobleyBooker T. Washington Magnet

High SchoolMontgomery, AL

Nancy RoyMillbrook Junior High

Millbrook, AL

Donald SeayHuffman High School

Birmingham, AL

Jessie SimsWoodlawn High School

Birmingham, AL

Rebecca StriplingClay-Chalkville High School

Pinson, AL

Athenia TannerPrattsville Jr. High School

Prattville, AL

Nancy WigginsPrattville High School

Prattville, AL

Contents To the Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv

Alabama Grade 7 Life Science Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v

Grade 6 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Pretest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Objective 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Objective 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Objective 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Objective 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Objective 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Objective 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Objective 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Objective 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Objective 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Objective 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Objective 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Posttest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

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To the StudentIn today’s world, knowing science is important for thinking critically, solving problems, and

making decisions. But understanding science sometimes can be a challenge.

Mastering the Alabama Science Assessment Grade 7 provides an opportunity for you to preparefor the state science test. A Grade 6 Review lets you practice with the standards you learned lastyear. The questions in this book are correlated to the Alabama Science Assessment Standards andare based directly upon Grade 7 content. This book contains:

• Grade 6 Review

• Pretest

• Objective-Specific Assessment

• Posttest

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Alabama Grade 7 Life Science Standards

Students will:

1. Describe characteristics common to living things, including growth and development,reproduction, cellular organization, use of energy, exchange of gases, and response to theenvironment.

• Identifying homeostasis as the process by which an organism responds to its internal orexternal environment

• Predicting how an organism’s behavior impacts the environment

• Identifying unicellular organisms, including bacteria and protists, by their methods oflocomotion, reproduction, ingestion, excretion, and effects on other organisms

• Identifying the structure of a virus

2. Identify functions of organelles found in eukaryotic cells, including the nucleus, cell membrane,cell wall, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles.

Example: mitochondria releasing energy for use in cellular respiration

• Identifying components of the cell theory

• Identifying cells as prokaryotic or eukaryotic

• Listing the sequence of the mitotic cell cycle

3. Relate major tissues and organs of the skeletal, circulatory, reproductive, muscular, respiratory,nervous, and digestive systems to their functions.

• Arranging in order the organizational levels of the human body from the cell through organsystems

4. Describe organisms in the six-kingdom classification system by their characteristics.

• Recognizing genus and species as components of a scientific name

• Identifying contributions of Aristotle and Linnaeus to the early history of taxonomy

5. Identify major differences between plants and animals, including internal structures, externalstructures, methods of locomotion, methods of reproduction, and stages of development.

• Describing the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

6. Describe evidence of species variation due to climate, changing landforms, interspeciesinteraction, and genetic mutation.

Examples: fossil records over geologic time, rapid bacterial mutations due to environmentalpressures

7. Describe biotic and abiotic factors in the environment.

Examples: biotic—plants, animals;abiotic—climate, water, soil

• Classifying organisms as autotrophs or heterotrophs

• Arranging the sequence of energy flow in an ecosystem through food webs, food chains,and energy pyramids

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8. Describe the function of chromosomes.

• Identifying genes as parts of chromosomes that carry genetic traits

9. Identify the process of chromosome reduction in the production of sperm and egg cells duringmeiosis.

10. Identify differences between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

Examples: DNA—double helix, contains thymine;RNA—single stranded, contains uracil

• Identifying Watson and Crick as scientists who discovered the shape of the DNAmolecule

11. Identify Mendel’s laws of genetics.

• Recognizing Down’s syndrome and sickle cell anemia as inherited genetic disorders

• Using a monohybrid Punnett square to predict the probability or traits passed from parentsto offspring

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Name: Date: Class:

Low, layered gray clouds that producelight precipitation are

A cirrus clouds

B stratus clouds

C nimbus clouds

D cumulus clouds

El Niño is a weather phenomenon relatedto currents in which ocean?

A Arctic

B Atlantic

C Indian

D Pacific

Which of the following helps returnnutrients to soil and reduces the amountof trash in landfills?

A Burrowing

B Composting

C Fertilizing

D Mining

A geologist is studying an area that hasmany long, teardrop-shaped hills. Eachhill is made of sedimentary material. Allof the hills slope in the same direction.These hills are evidence of

A glacial activity

B asteroid impact

C volcanic eruption

D colliding continents

4

3

2

1 What happens to the total amount ofcarbon as it moves through the carboncycle?

A It fluctuates.

B It remains constant.

C It steadily decreases.

D It continually increases.

A thermometer would be most helpfulfor studying

A wind patterns

B annual precipitation

C average temperature

D atmospheric pressure

Study the chart below.

Students used a rain gauge to measurerainfall for five days. What was therainfall for that period?

A 2.0 cm

B 3.0 cm

C 5.5 cm

D 10.0 cm

Day

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Rainfall(cm)

1.5

0

3.0

0

5.5

7

6

5

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSChoose the best answer for each of the following questions. Mark your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher.

Grade 6 Review

Till is a mixture of different-sizedparticles, ranging from clay to boulders.Till is usually created by

A wind

B mudslides

C glacial deposition

D river sedimentation

Most ocean plant and animal life lives inwhich zone?

A abyssal

B benthic

C intertidal

D pelagic

Volcanic activity is most likely to befound at which location?

A abyssal plain

B mid-ocean ridge

C continental shelf

D continental slope

An undersea probe collects data at twodepths, 4 km and 6 km below the surface.Which data will differ MOST betweenthe two depths?

A water pressure

B available sunlight

C water temperature

D amount of plant life

11

10

9

8 Which of the following is formed whenan oceanic plate sinks under anotherplate and moves into Earth’s interior?

A abyssal plain

B deep sea trench

C mid-ocean ridge

D continental slope

A chaparral biome is best described as

A coastal

B cold

C marine

D wet

Which biome is home to animals thathibernate during the winter?

A taiga

B desert

C tropical rain forest

D savanna grassland

Earth’s polar areas are very cold becausethey

A are very small areas

B have little animal life

C never get any sunlight

D are far from the equator

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Grade 6 Review

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Name: Date: Class:

Study the figure below.

Which two factors cause the south poleto become warmer during summer?

A longer days and more direct sunlight

B longer days and being closer to theequator

C being closer to the equator and moredirect sunlight

D being closer to the sun and longerdays

Earth’s ocean tides are caused by

A the rotation of Earth

B the force of the wind

C the positions of Mars and Venus

D the gravitational pull of the Moonand the Sun

17

Day Night

N

S

Sun’s rays

0˚

90°

16 Our solar system is found

A circling around Earth’s orbit

B spread across the whole universe

C in the disk of the Milky Way galaxy

D between the Sun and the asteroid belt

About how many stars are found in agalaxy?

A hundreds

B thousands

C millions

D billions

The distance between Earth and theMoon varies as the Moon revolvesaround Earth. In general, how are tidesaffected when the Moon is closest toEarth?

A Tides increase and decrease.

B Tides only decrease.

C Tides do not occur.

D Tides do not change.

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19

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Grade 6 Review

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Grade 6 Review

Most weather maps have large letters such as “H” and “L” over different regions of the map.Explain what these letters mean and how you could use these letters to help predict theweather.

21

OPEN-RESPONSE QUESTIONSWrite your answers to the following questions on the lined answer sheets provided by your teacher.

Use the terms weathering, deposition, tectonic activity, and erosion to describe how a mountaincan change shape.22

Describe the structure of Earth’s crust. Explain what causes the parts of the crust to move.23

Describe a temperate deciduous forest biome, including its climate, as well as its plant andanimal life.24

What is the unit of measurement used to describe distances from Earth to stars? Explain whatone unit of this measurement represents. What is the unit, other than meters, kilometers, ormiles, used to measure distances within our solar system? What does this unit represent?

25

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Name: Date: Class:

Even though the weather is cold, thesquirrel maintains a constant bodytemperature. What is this trait called?

A biogenesis

B homeostasis

C hypothesis

D metamorphosis

A unicellular eukaryote that haschlorophyll but not cell walls would be a

A bacterium

B plant

C protist

D virus

After the last step of mitosis, the nextthing a cell does is

A make a copy of its DNA

B split into two identical cells

C condense its DNA into chromosomes

D line up its chromosomes in themiddle of the cell

The heart helps circulate blood. Theheart is a type of

A organ

B organelle

C organism

D organ system

The pharynx, larynx, and trachea are allcomponents of which system?

A digestive

B circulatory

C endocrine

D respiratory

5

4

3

2

1 The alveoli in our lungs help us by

A carrying oxygen to the brain

B storing oxygen until it is needed bythe body

C diffusing oxygen from the lungs intothe blood

D breaking down oxygen into moreuseful chemicals

Amoebas cannot produce their ownfood, whereas diatoms can, becausediatoms contain

A chlorophyll

B cilia

C cytoplasm

D flagella

Which of the following does NOTbelong to either the plant or the animalkingdom?

A bacteria

B gymnosperms

C sponges

D vertebrates

The scientific name for a wolf is Canislupus. What does the second word in thename represent?

A domain

B genus

C kingdom

D species

9

8

7

6


Grade 7 Pretest

Which of the following is NOT adefining characteristic of animals?

A ability to move

B multicellular organisms

C radial or bilateral symmetry

D ability to produce their own food

New cells are formed when existing cells

A die

B divide

C grow

D mutate


The figure shows one phase of mitosis.Which of the following happens next?

A The cell copies its chromosomes.

B Chromosomes condense into densebundles.

C The cell divides its cytoplasm in half.

D Chromosomes line up in the middleof the cell.

12

11

10 Which of the following is true, accordingto cell theory?

A All cells come from other cells.

B Each cell has a central nucleus.

C All cells can make their own food.

D Each cell has a cell wall.

A tree’s bark is most similar in functionto a

A bull’s horns

B clam’s shell

C cat’s whiskers

D zebra’s stripes

Some plant cells contain chloroplasts, butanimal cells do not. Which statement bestexplains why animal cells are able tofunction without chloroplasts?

A Animal cells do not need outsideenergy.

B Animals obtain energy by consumingother organisms.

C Photosynthesis occurs in otherorganelles in animal cells.

D Animal cells have circulatory systems,but plant cells do not.

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14

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Grade 7 Pretest

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Name: Date: Class:

Study the diagram below.

Based on the pyramid, which populationof organisms holds the most energystored within them?

A grasses

B grasshoppers

C owls

D starlings

Which of these word equationsrepresents the process of respiration?

A water + oxygen → sugar + carbondioxide

B carbon dioxide + oxygen → sugar +water

C carbon dioxide + water → sugar +oxygen

D sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide +water

17

Starling

Grasshopper

Grass

Owl

16


Grade 7 Pretest

Among plants and animals,photosynthesis occurs in

A plants

B animals

C both plants and animals

D neither plants nor animals

Which of the following is a biotic factorin an aquatic ecosystem?

A freshwater

B dissolved nitrates

C dissolved oxygen

D photosynthetic algae

Which of the following is an abioticfactor in a forest ecosystem?

A deer

B fungus

C moss

D sunlight

Which type of organism is a heterotroph?

A oak trees

B slime mold

C green algae

D photosynthetic bacteria

21

20

19

18

The oldest horse species shown in thefigure fed on leaves in a forestenvironment. Over time, theenvironment changed to an opengrassland. Which of the following bestexplains why the horse evolved?

A to eat more food at once

B to escape fast predators

C to chase and catch its prey

D to be able to reach high leaves

Study the food web diagram below.

The missing organism in this food web ofa forest could be a

A deer

B hawk

C pine tree

D wildflower

Rabbit

Grasses

Squirrel

Fox

Owl

Trees

?

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Grade 7 Pretest

Use the figure below to answer Questions22 and 23. The figure shows the modernhorse species, Equus cabullus, along withsome of its ancestors.

Which of the following best describes theevolutionary trend seen in the figure?

A fewer toes and shorter tail

B smaller body and more teeth

C greater height and fewer toes

D smaller body and greater height

22

Modern horse

Pliohippus

Merychippus

Mesohippus

Eohippus

Hei

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0.4

m

1 m

illio

nye

ars

ago

10 m

illio

nye

ars

ago

30 m

illio

nye

ars

ago

40 m

illio

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ars

ago

60 m

illio

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ars

ago

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0.6

mH

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0 m

Hei

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1.0

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eigh

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6 m

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Name: Date: Class:

Chromosomes are cell structures that

A release energy

B protect the cell

C store genetic information

D kill microorganisms

Which process results in a decrease in thenumber of chromosomes?

A mitosis

B meiosis

C fertilization

D asexual reproduction


Which of the following best describes thestructure shown in the figure?

A It is made up of many genes that codefor traits.

B It is made up of many cells that worktogether to survive.

C It is made up of many amino acids,forming a long protein.

D It stores the energy that a cell uses tocarry out life processes.

27

26

25 Which of the following are formed bymeiosis?

A egg cells only

B sperm cells only

C both egg and sperm cells

D neither egg nor sperm cells

James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, andFrancis Crick each played an importantrole in

A discovering the structure of DNA

B inventing the gene theory of heredity

C theorizing the germ theory of disease

D determining the structures of viruses

The process of an organism passing ontraits to its offspring is called

A heredity

B a pedigree

C phenotyping

D a Punnett square

30

29

28


Grade 7 Pretest


Study the Punnett square below.

In horses, the allele for black coat color(B) is dominant over the allele forchestnut coat color (b). What percentageof offspring from the cross shown in thisPunnett square would be expected tohave black coats?

A 0 percent

B 25 percent

C 50 percent

D 100 percent

B b

b

b

Bb

Bb

bb

bb

Horse 1

Hor

se 2

31 Sickle cell disease is caused by

A some types of air pollution

B genes inherited from parents

C parasites that are passed through food

D microorganisms from theenvironment

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Grade 7 Pretest

Describe some characteristics that are common to all living things.33

Describe homeostasis, and explain why it is important to an organism’s survival.34

Name four organelles or parts of a cell, and describe their functions.35

Carolus Linnaeus made important contributions to the field of biology. He is often called thefather of taxonomy. Describe Linnaeus’s contribution to biology. Explain how his contributionhelped other scientists.

36

Early ancestors of the horse were smaller, slower mammals that ate soft forest leaves. Themodern horse is well adapted to be a grass-eating animal that can run quickly. These changesare thought to be related to changes in the climate and to interactions between species.Explain how each of these could be related to the evolution of the modern horse.

37

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Grade 7 Pretest

OPEN-RESPONSE QUESTIONS CONTINUEDWrite your answers to the following questions on the lined answer sheets provided by your teacher.

A desert ecosystem includes cacti and desert grasses, insects, coyotes, rodents, snakes, andhawks. Draw a food web to represent this ecosystem.38

Some viruses insert a piece of DNA into a gene of the infected host cell. This changes the gene.Explain why this will have an effect on the infected host cell.39

Scientists have collected a sample of nucleic acid. What tests could scientists run to determinewhether the sample is DNA or RNA? Explain your answer.40

Where do most plants obtain the energythat they use to start the process ofphotosynthesis?

A minerals

B nitrogen

C sulfur

D sunlight

One source of energy for animals is

A oxygen

B carbohydrates

C water

D vitamins

Which of the following functions do cellscarry out in organisms?

A providing structure

B containing genetic material

C extracting energy from molecules

D all of the above

Which gas is a waste product for animalsbut a necessary resource for most plantscarrying out photosynthesis?

A oxygen

B nitrogen

C carbon dioxide

D ammonium hydroxide

Most living organisms require all of thefollowing to survive EXCEPT

A water

B energy

C a source of bismuth

D a place to live

5

4

3

2

1 All organisms that reproduce must

A mate before producing their offspring

B pass on inherited traits to theiroffspring

C bring food and water to their youngoffspring

D live with their offspring until theoffspring are adults

The material that controls heredity inalmost every living thing on Earth is

A DNA

B RNA

C a trait

D a nucleus

When the cells of an organism aredividing rapidly but are not cancer cells,the organism is

A dying

B growing

C mating

D sleeping

A community of animals lives together ina habitat. All animals living in the samehabitat generally

A use the same nesting sites

B eat the same food

C require similar climatic conditions

D bear the same number of offspring

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Objective 1

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A person has a low blood-sugar level.Which response helps restore balance inthe body?

A eating fruit

B drinking water

C doing homework

D stretching muscles

To survive, an individual plant or animalmust be able to

A take in and release gases

B produce its own food

C produce offspring

D move around in its environment

Study the figures below.

Which characteristic is shared by all ofthe organisms shown in the figure?

A Each undergoes metamorphosis as itdevelops.

B Each must have carbon dioxide toobtain energy.

C Each carries instructions that arecoded as genes.

D Each absorbs nutrients and mineralsfrom the soil.

12

11

10 Homeostasis helps an organism adapt tochanges in

A the external environment only

B the internal environment only

C both external and internalenvironments

D neither the external nor the internalenvironment

The homeostatic response to coldtemperatures is

A eating

B shivering

C sleeping

D sweating

José is studying an object to determinewhether or not it is a living thing. Hefound out that the object moves, usesenergy, can reproduce, and changes insize. Which one of these characteristicsshows that the object must be a livingthing?

A It moves.

B It uses energy.

C It can reproduce.

D It changes in size.

Suppose a person has low levels ofoxygen. What activity would raise his orher oxygen levels the fastest?

A exercising

B breathing faster

C drinking fruit juice

D holding his or her breath for longperiods

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Objective 1


As a result of the beaver’s dam building,the area upstream of the dam is MOSTlikely to see

A decreased water depth

B faster currents

C increased tree growth

D increased deposition of sediments

Most protists are unicellular organisms.Some protists have flagella that helpthem

A turn sunlight into energy

B develop into adult protists

C move in their environments

D survive periods without water

21

20Ancient photosynthetic bacteria played amajor role in making Earth’s atmospheresuitable for other organisms by

A adding oxygen to the atmosphere

B giving off heat to warm theatmosphere

C adding carbon dioxide to theatmosphere

D removing harmful chemicals from theatmosphere

Some flowering plants produce nectar.What benefit do they get from this?

A They attract herbivores that eat planttissue.

B They repel decomposers that breakdown tissue.

C They attract pollinators that help withreproduction.

D They repel predators that feed plantsto their young.

Worms dig tunnels through the upperlayer of soil. This helps plants by

A providing nutrients directly togrowing roots

B making it easier for roots to grow andget air

C adding fertilizing nitrogencompounds to soil

D enabling more cells to carry outphotosynthesis

19

18

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Post TestObjective 1

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The organism in the figure, which movesby using its pseudopod, is called a(n)

A alga

B amoeba

C bacterium

D virus

One of the defining characteristics ofVolvox, which live in freshwater, is thatthey live in

A colonies

B isolation

C interbreeding couples

D non-interbreeding couples

An organism that normally reproducesby dividing into two identical copies ofitself is probably a(n)

A insect

B bacterium

C adult starfish

D plant seedling

24

23

22 A virus is made up of

A a nucleus and a cell wall

B cytoplasm and plasmids

C a core of nucleic acid in a protein coat

D a colony of genetically identicalbacteria

The outside covering of a virus ismade of

A DNA

B lipids

C protein

D RNA

The outer coats of some viruses havestructures that are used to

A assemble fats

B stick to cell membranes

C absorb essential nutrients

D provide camouflage coloring

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26

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Objective 1

Which of the following is a virus?

A

B

28

C

D


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Objective 1


Viruses are microscopic particles that exist both outside and inside living things. When theyenter living things, they can cause disease. Viruses are unable to reproduce on their own andmust use materials from cells they invade to make copies of themselves. Why do somescientists think that a virus is NOT a living thing? Explain your answer.

29

Mountain lions are warm-blooded animals that live and hunt in steep areas. They move abouton four limbs and reproduce year-round. Which of these characteristics do all living thingsshare? Explain your answer.

30

Henry wants to determine if a piece of dry cork was once part of a living organism. Howcould he use a microscope to find out? 31

Describe homeostasis, and give an example of how homeostasis helps a person survive.32

Briefly describe two ways that living organisms have contributed to the formation and fertilityof soil.33

Describe how the bacteria in a person’s body can be both helpful and harmful.34

Describe two structures of a virus. Explain how each is used.35

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Name: Date: Class:

Which part of a cell is responsible forkeeping harmful materials out of the cell?

A chloroplast

B membrane

C mitochondrion

D nucleus


The cell wall around a plant cell helpsit to

A copy its DNA

B keep its shape

C absorb sunlight

D reproduce quickly

Which organelle is MOST responsible formaking the cell’s proteins?

A chloroplast

B mitochondrion

C ribosome

D vacuole

3

PLANT CELL STRUCTURE

Cell membrane

Cell wall

2

1 A mature red blood cell has no nucleus.As a result, it CANNOT

A transport nutrients in the body

B produce cells identical to itself

C keep its cytoplasm from leaking out

D absorb materials from itssurroundings

Which cell structure is most involvedwith photosynthesis?

A chloroplast

B flagellum

C membrane

D mitochondrion


The arrow in the figure points to a cellstructure BEST described as the cell’s

A water reserve

B fueling station

C command center

D internal skeleton

6

5

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Objective 2

Which cell probably has the mostmitochondria?

A a fat cell that stores a large amount ofchemical energy

B a muscle cell that needs to use a largeamount of energy

C a surface skin cell that has died anddoes not need energy

D a plant root cell that stores a largeamount of chemical energy

A cell’s cytoplasm will perform all ofthese functions EXCEPT

A contain the cell’s framework

B house the cell’s different organelles

C contain valuable materials inside thecell

D control passage of hereditary materialto new cells

According to the cell theory, allorganisms are made of

A one or more cells

B the same type of cells

C more than one cell type

D the same number of cells

A scientist might explain that, accordingto the cell theory, a virus is not a livingthing. The main reason for this scientificview is that the virus

A is able to kill cells

B is not made of cells

C does not use cells for food

D does not interact with cells

10

9

8

7 Which figure best represents the processthat forms new cells?

A

B

C

D

Cells are best described as an organism’s

A parents and other ancestors

B most important source of energy

C basic units of structure and function

D offspring that have not yet been born

Animal cells are eukaryotic. What aredistinguishing features of everyeukaryotic cell?

A mitosis and meiosis

B cytoplasm inside a cell wall

C chloroplasts and photosynthesis

D a nucleus inside a membrane

13

12

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Which of the following is a prokaryote?

A fire ant

B plant root

C earthworm

D soil bacterium

Which of these is a prokaryotic cell?

A

B

C

D

15

14 Which of the following is a eukaryote?

A amoeba

B bacterium

C mineral

D virus

Which of the following lists the stages ofmitosis from the beginning in the correctorder?

A prophase, metaphase, anaphase,telophase

B anaphase, metaphase, prophase,telophase

C prophase, anaphase, telophase,metaphase

D telophase, prophase, metaphase,anaphase

Before a cell can undergo anaphase,it must

A divide its chromosomes between twodaughter cells

B moves its chromosomes to oppositeends of the cell

C line its chromosomes up along themiddle of the cell

D combine all of its DNA into a singlelarge chromosome

18

17

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Objective 2

Before a cell can begin mitosis, it must

A make a copy of its DNA

B produce all of its offspring

C dissolve its cell membrane

D split into two identical cells

19 The final step of mitosis is

A copying the DNA

B moving the chromosomes

C forming a new nuclear membrane

D breaking down the nuclear membrane

20


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Objective 2


Describe the functions of a vacuole.21

Describe the structure and function of a plant cell wall.22

What are the three components of the cell theory?23

A scientist is looking at cells in a microscope. Explain how the scientist can tell whether thecells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic.24

Study the cell in the figure below.

What stage of mitosis is shown? Explain your answer. Describe what will happen to the cell as mitosis continues.

25

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Both the respiratory and excretorysystems eliminate

A carbon dioxide

B water

C urea

D salt

Which organ functions in thereproductive system to help regulatetemperature for sperm production?

A penis

B semen

C scrotum

D seminal vesicle

Which of these is NOT a function of theskin?

A sensory response

B formation of vitamin D

C regulation of body temperature

D manufacture of red blood cells


Which tissue in a bone produces whiteblood cells?

A cartilage

B red marrow

C spongy bone

D compact bone

Spongy boneCompact bone

Red marrow

Cartilage

4

3

2

1 Study the figure below, which shows thepath that food follows through a human’sdigestive system.

If the organ represented by the questionmark were removed, the person wouldhave trouble

A absorbing water from food

B storing wastes from digestion

C breaking food into small particles

D absorbing sugars and proteins in food

A mail carrier travels through aneighborhood, dropping off mail atdifferent houses. Which function in thebody is MOST similar to the mailcarrier’s function in the neighborhood?

A a bone’s support

B blood’s delivery of nutrients

C the stomach’s digestion of food

D a muscle’s movement of a body part

The main function of the esophagus inthe digestive system is

A absorption

B digestion

C support

D transport

7

6

Mouth Esophagus Stomach

Smallintestine

Largeintestine

Anus?

5


Objective 3

Which of the following is a function ofbones in the skeletal system?

A storing useful minerals

B producing blood cells

C protecting soft organs

D all of the above

A group of one type of cells workingtogether to perform a certain function iscalled a(n)

A organ

B organ system

C tissue system

D tissue

Which of the following is the most basiclevel of organization in the body?

A cell

B organ

C organ system

D tissue system

10

9

8 The specialized functions of cells in thenervous system are

A absorbing and processing nutrients

B receiving and transmittinginformation

C destroying and removing waste

D generating and modifying sugars

Which of the following is NOT part ofthe digestive system?

A stomach, which breaks up food andmixes it with acid

B small intestine, which absorbs manyimportant nutrients

C lung, which supplies oxygen andremoves waste

D mouth, which mashes up food andmixes it with enzymes

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Objective 3

The muscular system is made up mostly of muscle tissue. This tissue is organized into organscalled muscles. Explain how muscle tissue and muscles function in the muscular system.13

Suppose a patient has a cancer of the small intestine. Doctors remove 75 percent of the smallintestine. How will the functioning of the patient’s digestive system be affected? Explain youranswer.

14

Use what you know about levels of organization in the body to write an argument that could be used to convince someone that a complete muscle is an organ.15


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What is the main reason that trees belongto the plant kingdom instead of theanimal kingdom?

A Trees use chemicals and physicalfeatures to protect themselves.

B Many animals live in trees and eattheir fruits.

C Many trees can adapt to differentenvironments.

D Trees use water and sunlight toproduce their own food.

A cell containing chlorophyll couldbelong to an organism in Kingdom

A Fungi or Plantae

B Plantae or Protista

C Animalia or Plantae

D Fungi or Animalia

An organism is made up of many cells,all of which have cell walls. None of thecells, however, contains chlorophyll. Theorganism belongs to Kingdom

A Animalia

B Eubacteria

C Fungi

D Plantae

Which of the following should beclassified as a fungus?

A mold

B a tree

C algae

D an amoeba

4

3

2

1 Which of the following does NOTdescribe the Linnaean classificationsystem?

A It minimizes confusion amongscientists.

B The system primarily groupsorganisms by size.

C The system names provideinformation about the species.

D It classifies organisms by traits andevolutionary histories.

The two organisms known as Homoerectus and Homo sapiens would belong to

A the same genus and species

B different species in the same genus

C the same kingdom and species

D different species in different kingdoms

Which person made an earlycontribution to the field of taxonomy?

A Aristotle

B Darwin

C Mendel

D Newton

7

6

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Objective 4

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Objective 4


The table lists the partial classification of four different species.

Which two species are most closely related? Explain your answer.

9

Domain

Order

Family

Genus

Species W

Eukarya

Insectivora

Acrididae

Chorthippus

Species X

Eukarya

Araneae

Araneidae

Argiope

Species Y

Eukarya

Insectivora

Diapriidae

Cotesia

Species Z

Eukarya

Insectivora

Acrididae

Orthoptera

Use what you know about plants and mushrooms to explain why scientists might classify themin the same kingdom. Explain why plants and mushrooms should actually be classified intoseparate kingdoms.

8

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Name: Date: Class:

Scientists use many differentcharacteristics to classify organisms. Themain difference between plants andanimals, for example, is

A how the cytoplasm of their cellscontains mitochondria

B how they obtain energy

C how their cell membranes work

D how nuclear envelopes surround theircells’ nuclei

A scientist trying to determine whether acell belongs to a plant or an animalshould look for

A a nucleus

B ribosomes

C a cell wall

D mitochondria

Both plants and animals have asystem for

A making their own food

B controlling body movements

C extracting nutrients from soil

D transporting nutrients through thebody

Trees are able to maintain a rigid uprightshape by having

A a state of constant muscularcontraction

B more stored iron than flowers orgrasses

C cell walls that keep cells fromchanging shape

D an internal skeleton made ofmineralized bones

4

3

2

1 Study the diagram below.

The BEST evidence that a cell is ananimal cell is its

A irregular shape

B multiple organelles

C thin cell membrane

D membrane-bound nucleus

Unlike the vascular system in an animal,the system in a plant is NOT

A needed for survival

B powered by a beating heart

C able to carry oxygen to cells

D made up of tube-shaped vessels

6

5


Objective 5

Manuel is writing a research paper aboutthe characteristics and life processescommon to both animal and plant cells.Which book below would be the MOSTuseful?

A Respiration in Living Things

B The Chemistry of Photosynthesis

C How Consumers Obtain Their Food

D Composition and Function of Cellulose

The diagram below compares organellesand other cell parts found in animal andplant cells.

Which organelle or other cell part isplaced incorrectly in the diagram?

A ribosome

B mitochondrion

C cell membrane

D nuclear membrane

Plants convert the energy in sunlight intostored energy through a series ofchemical reactions. This process isknown as

A digestion

B absorption

C photosynthesis

D respiration

9

Cell membrane

ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

Nuclearmembrane

Ribosome

Mitochondrion

Cell wall

Chloroplast

8

7 Cellular respiration is the way cells

A take in necessary gases

B get rid of carbon dioxide

C use energy stored in sugar

D get materials from their environment

Which of these word equationsrepresents the process of photosynthesis?

A water + oxygen → sugar + carbondioxide + water

B carbon dioxide + oxygen → sugar +water + oxygen

C sugar + carbon dioxide → oxygen +water + sugar

D carbon dioxide + water → sugar +oxygen + water

Plants take in oxygen from theatmosphere so they can

A capture energy from sunlight

B assemble atoms into sugar molecules

C break down carbon dioxide molecules

D release energy stored in sugarmolecules

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Objective 5

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Objective 5

One major difference between plants and animals is their ability to move. Movement is apowerful adaptation that allows animals to survive and reproduce. Plants are rooted in oneplace. Describe two ways the ability to move helps animals to survive and reproduce. Describetwo ways plants are able to compensate for being rooted in one place.

13

Kathy is observing a cell under her microscope. She notices that the cell is irregularly shaped.She has located some organelles, including a nucleus, a nucleolus, and a very small vacuole. IsKathy most likely observing an animal cell or a plant cell? Provide two details to support youranswer.

14


Animals obtain energy from food through theprocess of respiration. There are four mainchemicals involved in respiration: carbohydrates,carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water. Which twoof these are reactants? Which two are products?Explain how animals get each of the tworeactants.

15 RESPIRATION

Products1.

2.

Reactants1.

2.

Use the fossil record in the figure below toanswer Questions 1 and 2.

Scientists are interested in learning why theinsect species is not found in layers M andN. Based only on this fossil record, whichhypothesis is MOST likely to be correct?

A The insects were poisoned by Plant B.

B The worms preyed on the insects.

C The worm is the adult form of theinsect.

D The insects fed on Plant A.

Scientists are interested in learning whythe worm species is seen in layer O butnot in layer P. Based only on this fossilrecord, which hypothesis is MOST likelyto be correct?

A A growing insect population began toprey upon the worms.

B The worms needed to feed on Plant B.

C Increased rainfall, along with gradualcooling, improved the climate forworms.

D Worms became extinct when adrought left the worms withoutenough plants to eat.

2

1

M

N

O

P

Estimated age(years)

100,000

5 million

6 million

8 million

Layer

Insect

Worm

Plant A

Plant B

A storm blew several butterfly-eatingbirds to a distant island. The island,which previously had no birds, was filledwith butterflies of all colors. One yearlater, all of the butterflies were dark greenand brown. Which of the following is theMOST likely explanation for the changein the butterfly population?

A The birds brought new genes to theisland.

B The butterflies had mutations in theircolor genes.

C Some of the birds found a food sourceother than butterflies.

D The surviving butterflies had a traitthat protected them from the birds.

Insecticides were used to control insectpests on farmland. A small amount ofpoison sprayed on a crop killed most ofthe insects right away. However,subsequent sprayings were less effective.Many insect species became resistant toinsecticides over several generations.Which statement BEST explains why thisoccurred?

A The insecticides are strong enough tokill only some insect species.

B The insecticides used today are not asstrong as those used in the past.

C Competition for food decreasedbecause most of the insects werekilled.

D Insects that survived sprayings passedtheir resistance genes to theiroffspring.

The average annual rainfall in a forestdecreases. Over many years, the trees inthe forest will MOST likely grow

A more extensive roots

B more large leaves

C floating seeds

D crooked trunks

5

4

3


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Objective 6

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A change in ocean current causes theclimate on an island to become drier. Asa result, the grasses that cover the islandchange from dark green to light brown.Over time, how might a species of greentoads subject to predation respond tothese changes?

A Their size will increase.

B Their size will decrease.

C Their coloration will change to white.

D Their coloration will change tobrown.

While studying heredity in lab mice, ascientist discovers a mouse that has anaturally short tail, despite the fact thatall of its ancestors had long tails. Whichof the following BEST explains why thisoccurred?

A isolation

B mutation

C competition

D natural selection

7

6 Individuals in a moth population havedifferent colors, including white, black,and many shades of grey. The graphshows how many moths have each color.

The change in the moth population isprobably due to

A a decrease in the food supply

B the introduction of a new predator

C a period of little climate change

D the new mutation of a color gene

MOTH POPULATION

1990

2000

Num

ber

of m

oths

White Grey Black

8


Objective 6


Mastodons and mammoths are extinct animals that lived as recently as several thousand years ago. Explain how scientists use fossils to show that elephants,mastodons, and mammoths share a common ancestor.

10

Many antibiotics are no longer as effective as they were when first introduced because bacteriahave become resistant. Describe the process by which bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics,and explain why the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has increased.

9

Which of the following consists only ofliving things that may be found in anecosystem?

A bullfrogs, flies, tadpoles, grasses

B fungi, seedlings, leaves, sediment

C earthworms, field mice, soil, water

D carpenter ants, caterpillars, pine trees,sunlight

Which of these is a nonliving part of anaquatic ecosystem?

A algae

B bacteria

C minerals

D plankton

Which example describes a relationshipbetween biotic and abiotic factors in anecosystem?

A A bumblebee pollinates a tomatoplant.

B A catfish eats the green algae in apond.

C A yucca plant absorbs water from thesoil.

D A sparrow uses an oak tree as anesting place.

3

2

1 Which of these is a biotic factor of soil?

A bacteria

B minerals

C oxygen

D water

Which organisms obtain energy by eatingother organisms?

A autotrophs

B heterotrophs

C producers

D rocks

Lichens are made up of algae and fungiliving together. The algae carry outphotosynthesis. The fungi provide shelterand break down rocks to absorbminerals. In arctic regions, some animals,such as caribou, depend on lichen forfood. Which of the following is anautotroph?

A algae

B caribou

C fungi

D rocks

6

5

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Objective 7

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Name: Date: Class:

What would happen if the horned owlpopulation were reduced by disease?

A The rate of photosynthesis woulddecrease.

B The number of dead leaves woulddecrease.

C Berries and nuts would become moreplentiful.

D The number of voles, mice, andshrews would increase.

7

Which of the following would lead to adecline in the mouse and shrewpopulations without affecting the volepopulation?

A a large increase in the owl population

B a drought that reduces growth ofgrasses

C a tree disease that limits leaf, nut, andberry production

D a new insect that arrives and begins tofeed on dead leaves

Which of these shows the food chain inthe correct order?

A minnows → bear → salmon

B salmon → minnows → bear

C minnows → salmon → bear

D bear → minnows → salmon

Which of the following is an autotroph?

A parasitic tapeworm

B photosynthetic bacterium

C isolated ant colony

D single adult human being

Which of the following is heterotrophic?

A fertile soil

B pure water

C earthworm

D rose bush

The top of an energy pyramid representswhich of the following?

A carnivorous animal

B smallest bacterium

C most common plant

D source of all energy

12

11

10

9

8


Objective 7

Use the energy web below to answer Questions7 and 8.

Horned owls

Mice

Berries and nuts

Trees and shrubs

Sun, rain, and soil

ENERGY WEB

Dead leaves

Worms and insects

Shrews

Grasses

Voles

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Objective 7


Arrange the following species in a food web.

gull, prawn, fish, plankton, crab, mussels

15

The diagram shows a pond ecosystem. Briefly describe four examples of relationships betweenthe living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem13

Consider the parts of a forest ecosystem listed below:

soil minerals, maple trees, white-tailed deer

Identify any autotrophs or heterotrophs. Explain your answers.

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Name: Date: Class:

The function of chromosomes is directlyrelated to which of the following?

A observing prey

B passing on traits

C releasing energy

D recycling nutrients

A cell that has lost its chromosomes willbe unable to

A produce offspring

B keep from leaking

C take in new materials

D move through the body

Study the figure.

Chromosomes take on the form shownin the figure so they can

A more easily direct cell processes

B store a greater amount of information

C more easily divide among daughtercells

D provide greater strength and supportto the cell

3

2


Part of a chromosome breaks off; it isbroken down by the cell and lost forever.As a result, the cell will MOST likely

A lack a central nucleus

B be missing some genes

C not contain enough energy

D lose its entire cell membrane

A gene is best described as

A all of a cell’s DNA

B a cell’s nuclear wall

C the coded instruction for a trait

D the cell organelle that storeschromosomes

5

4


Objective 8


Describe the relationship among genes, chromosomes, and genetic traits.7

Describe the function of chromosomes.6

A parent cell has 24 chromosomes. Aftermeiosis, the cells produced will have

A 6 chromosomes

B 12 chromosomes

C 24 chromosomes

D 48 chromosomes


The figure shows the first step in spermcell production. When this process iscomplete, there will be

A 2 sperm cells, each with16 chromosomes

B 4 sperm cells, each with8 chromosomes

C 2 sperm cells, each with32 chromosomes

D 4 sperm cells, each with64 chromosomes

16 32

Spermatogonium Primaryspermatocyte

2

1 Which of the following BEST describesthe process of meiosis in a cell?

A creating and storing chemical energy

B decoding information stored in genes

C reducing the number of chromosomes

D making hundreds of identical copiesof a cell

Meiosis is the process that produces

A specialized brain cells

B all new cells in the body

C new sperm and egg cells

D new offspring for a bacterium

4

3


A cell with 22 chromosomes begins meiosis. Describe the products of this process, includingthe number of cells produced, the type of cells produced, and the number of chromosomes ineach cell.

5

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Objective 9

OPEN-RESPONSE QUESTIONWrite your answer to the following question on the lined answer sheet provided by your teacher.

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Name: Date: Class:

Objective10

Study the figure.

The molecule shown in the figure isBEST described as

A a single strand of DNA with somebase pairing

B a single strand of RNA with somebase pairing

C double-stranded RNA without anybase pairing

D double-stranded DNA without anybase pairing

Which scientist was awarded a NobelPrize for helping to figure out thestructure of DNA?

A Rachel Carson

B Carl Linnaeus

C Rosalind Franklin

D James Watson

2

ACGCUU

AA

G A C A CC U

A

G

CT

GUGUCC

UG

GAGGUC

A

H

AAGU

C

AGAC C

GC GAG

AGGG

DD G A

C U C GA

UUUAGGC G

1


Which scientist helped discover thestructure of DNA?

A Francis Crick

B Marie Curie

C Charles Darwin

D Stephen Jay Gould

A scientist trying to decide whether amolecule is RNA or DNA should test forthe presence of

A adenine

B cytosine

C guanine

D thymine

The structure of a DNA molecule isBEST described as a

A thin ribbon-like structure

B hollow tube-like structure

C irregular blob-like structure

D twisted ladder-like structure

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4

3

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A scientist trying to decide whether amolecule is RNA or DNA should test for

A number of base pairs

B presence of cytosine

C presence of phosphate

D number of strands

The shape of DNA is commonly referredto as a

A base bilayer

B double helix

C single sphere

D chain of organelles

7

6 Compared with RNA, DNA has

A more types of bases

B more strands

C fewer types of bases

D fewer strands

8


Objective 10


Study the figure.

What type of molecule is shown in the figure? Provide two reasons that the structure of the molecule supports your answer.

R P

Adenine

Guanine

Uracil

Cytosine

PhosphateRibose

P= R=

A U G C

10

Compare and contrast the structure of DNA and RNA.9

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A pea plant has white flowers and yellowseeds. What does Mendel’s law ofindependent assortment say about thesetraits?

A These traits must be inheritedtogether.

B One trait is dominant over the othertrait.

C One trait is paternal and the other ismaternal.

D Inheritance of one trait does not affectthe other.

Maria Rosa crossbreeds two plants, onewith dark blue flowers and one withwhite flowers. Weeks later she discoversthat the offspring have light blue flowers.Maria Rosa determines that the

A dark blue flower allele is dominant

B light blue flower allele is dominant

C white flower allele is completelydominant

D dark blue flower allele is incompletelydominant

Which disease is inherited rather thanacquired from the environment?

A polio

B malaria

C Lyme disease

D sickle cell disease

3

2

1 A pea plant has alleles for green andyellow seed colors. According to Mendel’slaw of segregation of characteristics, agamete of this plant must carry

A both alleles

B only one allele

C the recessive allele

D the dominant allele

A dog has alleles for fur color and taillength. The inheritance of one allele doesnot affect the inheritance of the other.This is an example of the law of

A genetic drift

B survival of the fittest

C independent assortment

D random genetic mutation

The likelihood that an offspring will havea genetic disorder, such as sickle celldisease, depends on

A the offspring’s environment

B the traits passed on by parents

C what the offspring decides to eat

D what the parents teach the offspring

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5

4


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Objective 11

38

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Down’s syndrome is a disease caused by

A some types of air and water pollution

B a microbial attack on a person’s DNA

C the chromosomes passed on byparents

D some types of viruses that can bepassed from person to person

A fish has alleles for both long and shortfin lengths. Each gamete produced by thisfish will carry only one of these alleles,either for the long or short trait. This isan example of the law of

A dependent assortment

B independent assortment

C segregation of characteristics

D aggregation of characteristics

The allele for white flowers in pea plantsis recessive. The allele for purple flowersis dominant. If two pea plants with whiteflowers are crossed, what is theprobability that the flowers produced bythe cross will be white?

A 0 percent

B 25 percent

C 50 percent

D 100 percent

9

8

7 In humans the allele that produces a cleftchin C is dominant. If a man withgenotype Cc marries a woman withgenotype cc, what is the probability thattheir first child will NOT have a cleftchin?

A 0 percent

B 25 percent

C 50 percent

D 100 percent


In humans the allele for brown eyes B isdominant to the allele for blue eyes b.With the alleles shown in the Punnettsquare, what is the probability that theseparents will have a child with blue eyes?

A 0 percent

B 25 percent

C 50 percent

D 100 percent

Mother’s Alleles

Fat

her’

s A

llele

sb

b

B b

Bb

Bb

bb

bb

11

10


Objective 11

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Neil crossbreeds two plants, both withorange flowers. Weeks later he discoversthat three-quarters of the offspring plantshave orange flowers and one-quarterhave yellow flowers. Neil should concludethat

A both parent plants carried the allelefor yellow flowers

B neither parent plant carried the allelefor yellow flowers

C only one parent plant carried theallele for orange flowers

D only one parent plant carried theallele for yellow flowers

12


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Objective 11

Study the figure below, which shows a genotype.

Jana is heterozygous for sickle cell disease. The figure shown represents her genotype. Jana isinterested in the possible genotypes of her gametes (egg cells). Use what you know aboutMendel’s law of segregation of characteristics to explain what genotypes Jana’s gametes couldhave. Be sure to use the name of the law in your answer.

Ss

non-sickle cell allele

sickle cell allele

13

Describe Mendel’s laws of independent assortment and segregation of characteristics.14

In pea plants, the allele for purple flowers (P) is dominant to the allele for white flowers (p).Draw a Punnett square to show the cross PP � pp, and predict the number of offspring fromthis cross that will have white flowers.

15


On a bright, sunny day, a desert snakecurls up inside a dry, rocky cave andremains still. At night the snake leaves thecave. In the cave, the snake was probablytrying to maintain homeostasis by

A finding extra water

B keeping its body cool

C looking for a food source

D trying to produce offspring

A scientist places a candle inside a sealedglass jar. The candle burns for a fewminutes and then goes out. Which object,if placed in the jar, might help the candleburn longer?

A a small plant

B a large animal

C a mineral sample

D another lit candle


Because of its flagellum, or tail, thesperm cell is

A autotrophic

B bacterial

C motile

D viral

3

2

1 Which structure supplies energy throughaerobic respiration?

A nucleus

B cell wall

C ribosome

D mitochondrion

Scientists discover a microscopic objectthat has two parts: an outer covering ofprotein and an inner core of DNA. Theobject is MOST likely a(n)

A amoeba

B cell

C gene

D virus

The “command center” of a cell is its

A chloroplast

B membrane

C mitochondrion

D nucleus

What is the primary function of thenephrons in the kidney?

A to remove wastes from blood

B to remove extra water from lung cells

C to provide enough oxygen for cells

D to provide salt for the body

7

6

5

4


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Posttest

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Name: Date: Class:

The spinal cord, which consists of manydifferent types of nerve cells, bloodvessels, and other cells, is an exampleof a(n)

A cell

B organ

C tissue

D organ system

The scientific name for a killer whale isOrcinus orca. What does the first word inthe name represent?

A family

B genus

C order

D species

Which of the following is prokaryotic?

A protist

B plant cell

C bacterium

D animal cell

What is the first step in cell division?

A The cytoplasm is divided betweendaughter cells.

B The chromosomes move to oppositeends of the cell.

C The chromosomes line up along thecenter of the cell.

D The nucleus breaks down and thechromosomes condense.

11

10

9

8 Which structure in a plant cell has afunction similar to that of an animalskeleton?

A nucleus

B vacuole

C cell wall

D cell membrane

Blood is a tissue that is made up of cellsand other materials carried in a liquid.The liquid is useful because it helps thistissue to

A evaporate to give off heat

B travel throughout the body

C be excreted easily from the body

D freeze when the body gets too cold

The heart helps to pump blood. Thelungs help you breathe. The lungs andthe heart are all examples of

A cells

B tissues

C organs

D organ systems

14

13

12


Posttest


The diagram shows part of a food web ina forest ecosystem. According to thediagram, which two organisms share acommon source of food?

A deer and frogs

B mice and hawks

C frogs and snake

D crickets and mice

Which is the correct order of energytransfer in an aquatic ecosystem?

A algae ≈ fish ≈ crayfish ≈ sunlight

B algae ≈ sunlight ≈ crayfish ≈ fish

C sunlight ≈ fish ≈ crayfish ≈ algae

D sunlight ≈ algae ≈ crayfish ≈ fish

16

Hawk

Snake

Deer Mouse

Frog

Cricket

TreesGrass


The cell in the diagram could belong towhich of the following kingdoms?

A Animalia and Protista

B Plantae and Eubacteria

C Plantae and Protista

D Eubacteria and Animalia

Aristotle made contributions to thedevelopment of biology by

A designing an early microscope

B discovering how species change

C learning how germs cause disease

D grouping similar organisms together

Frogs and butterflies are similar in that

A they rely on the same source of food

B they have the same means of traveling

C they migrate when the weather getstoo cold

D they have young that look differentfrom the adults

19

18

17


42

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Name: Date: Class:

Each fall, when the weather gets cold,some types of trees lose their leaves andstop making food. Their body processesslow down, and they live on stored food.Which animal deals with winter in asimilar way?

A a bird that migrates south

B a wolf that hunts with a pack

C a deer that feeds on low bushes

D a chipmunk that hibernates in aburrow

Photosynthesis occurs in

A plants

B animals

C both plants and animals

D neither plants nor animals

A scientist visiting an island finds manybird species that look similar but havedifferent beak shapes. Looking at fossils,the scientist finds that all ancestors ofthese birds had the same beak shape. Themany different beak shapes probablyresulted from

A changes in climate that better suitedthe birds

B consumption of different foods bydifferent birds

C a new predator that fed on birds withbright feathers

D a disease that killed all but a few ofthe ancestor birds

22

21

20 Photosynthesis requires all of thefollowing EXCEPT

A light

B water

C oxygen gas

D carbon dioxide


Chromosomes assume the denselypacked form shown in the figure during

A birth

B death

C division

D feeding

Which of the following is an abioticfactor in a marine environment?

A a whale

B plankton

C salt water

D a kelp bed

25

24

23


Posttest

Use the graph below to answer Question26. The graph shows how the number ofbeach snails with each shell color haschanged over time.

Which of the following MOST likelycaused the change shown in the graph?

A a new disease that was especiallyharmful to the brown snails

B a new predator that specialized ineating brown and tan snails

C a storm that washed the white sandaway and left tan sand

D a mutation that changed tan shellcolor to white

During some parts of the cell cycle,chromosomes are unwound. This allowsthe chromosome to

A gain energy for the next cycle

B provide support to the rest of the cell

C store a greater amount of information

D interact with cell proteins and expressgenes

Which of the following is an autotroph?

A ant

B sunflower

C mushroom

D wolf

28

27

26

SNAIL POPULATION

1990

2000

Num

ber

of s

nails

White Tan Brown

The scientists credited with determiningthe structure of DNA are RosalindFranklin, James Watson, and

A Jonas Salk

B Francis Crick

C Louis Pasteur

D Charles Darwin


In a plant species, the allele for tall stems,T, is dominant to the allele for shortstems, t. This Punnett square representsthe cross Tt � Tt. What percentage of theoffspring of this cross will have shortstems?

A 0 percent

B 25 percent

C 50 percent

D 100 percent

T

t

TT Tt

Tt tt

T t

Plant 1P

lant

2

30

29


44

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Name: Date: Class:

Jen crosses a plant producing wrinkledpeas with a plant producing smoothpeas. Weeks later, she discovers that allthe offspring plants have smooth peas. IfP represents the dominant allele, and p the recessive allele, which were thegenotypes of the parents?

A PP and pp

B Pp and pp

C Pp and Pp

D pp and Pp

31 Which disease is inherited rather thanacquired from the environment?

A flu

B strep throat

C chicken pox

D Down syndrome

32


Posttest


Describe four characteristics common to all living things.33

In the human body, where are the most rigid and immovable bones? How is this related to thefunction of the skeletal system?34

Students see a eukaryotic cell that has cell walls. Which three kingdoms could it belong to?What information do the students need to determine which kingdom the cell belongs to?35

Suppose a scientist collects data showing that the numbers of white, tan, and brown snails areabout the same in 2010. Describe a change that could cause this change in the snailpopulation. Explain your answer.

36

Draw a food web to represent a grassland ecosystem. Your web should include at least six typesof organisms.37

The product of meiosis (gametes) differs from the product of mitosis (normal body cells).Explain the importance of that difference.38

46

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Posttest



Plants make sugars through the process of photosynthesis. There are four main chemicalsinvolved in photosynthesis: carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water. Which of theseare reactants? Which are products? In photosynthesis, is light a reactant or a product? Explainhow plants obtain the reactants for photosynthesis.

PHOTOSYNTHESISProducts

1.

2.

3.

Reactants

1.

2.

3.

39

Study the table.

Three years ago, the temperature of thewater in a large river varied during theyear between 12°C and 24°C. At that time, researchers studied the populationsof different fishes in the water. Theirresults are shown in the table. Thefollowing year, a nuclear power plant opened and began to add heated water to the river. The average watertemperature rose 8°C. What is the MOST likely distribution of fish in the river now, two years after the nuclear power plant opened?

40

Type of Fish

Carp

Perch

Skipjack

Whitefish

Percentage of Population

(%)

15

35

35

15

PreferredTemp. (°C)

26–29

13–16

22–26

10–14

Lethal Temp. (°C)

44

35

38

25

ISBN 0-07-874268-4

9

780078742682

90000

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