Featured Viewpoint: Another Tradition Outmoded? …1).pdf · Featured Viewpoint: Is Another Tradition Outmoded? Charging Fees for Taxonomic Services Reprinted with permission from

Featured Viewpoint: I s Another Tradition Outmoded?

Charging Fees for Taxonomic Services Reprinted with permission from specimens than they will ever have time to study. A

ASC Newsletter 20(4), August 1992 request for identifications from a university or an ex-

The following article addresses a question that is gaining in importance as many institutions face budgetary constraints. It was submitted [to the Association for Systematics Colledions Newsletter] by Dr. Dave Wahl (American Ent. Inst., 2005 SW 56th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32608, on behalf of the late Dr. Townes. Comments [to Inocvlurn] are encouraged.

by Henry K. Townes

It has been a tradition that taxonomic identifications of biological specimens are courtesies extended without charge. Free services to members of the same profession are common, based on a spirit of professional cooperation and the expectation that the giver will be repaid in kind, directly or indirectly. Previously, when a larger percentage of biologists were basically taxonomists, free identifications did carry the probability of some kind of return. And from these service contacts a taxonomist could add specimens to his collection, or acquire miscellane- ous bits of information.

But now few biologists are taxonomists, and most taxonomists already have or can easily get more

periment station, if accepted, usually means receiving one or several packages of specimens, taking time off to identify the material, replying by letter, and re- packing and mailing back the specimens. Often there are additional specimens received later, and queries to be answered about literature or the distribution of biology of the species concerned. Never is there a suggestion that time or postage will be paid for, though return postage may range up to $1 0.00, and time from a minimum of an hour for a single request to more than a week.

In giving free assistance, some taxonomists are probably remembering their own restricted finances. But most requests now come from well-funded projects. The specimens sent for naming probably cost hundreds of dollars to collect and rear. The time of the project supervisor, research assistant, laboratory technician, typist, package wrapper, and the postage that sent the specimens would all have been paid by the project budget. Only the taxonomist, the one person who must always have uncommon qualifica- tions, would have been forgotten in the budget, and

Upcoming Events ....................................... 8 MSA Sustaining Members ........................... 22

1993 MSA Awards, Fellowships ............ 14 Application for MSA Membership .............. 23

Death Reported ........................................ 16 lnoculum Questionnaire .............................. 24 B. 5. Mehrotra

. 1993 Annual Meeting .................................. 25 Membership News ................................... 17 Registration, Housing, Call for Papers .......... 25

Registration Form (due June 8) ...................... 27 .......................... Mycological Classifieds 18 Housing Application (due June 8) .................. 28 ......................... Fungi & Mycological Items 18 Abstract Preparation ....................................... 29 ....... ProfessionaI/Education Opportunities 19 Application for Place on Program .................. 30

The Last Word ........................................... 21 DUE 24 FEBRUARY 1993

he is forgotten only because traditionally he does not ask to be paid.

As long as taxonomists find free determination work interesting enough, and there are enough in the profession, this system could continue. But that time has about pass- ed. Certainly the services now available free are not sufficient. Taxonomy has been downgraded and under- paid for the last three decades, and its ratio to the rest of biological sciences has reached a low ebb.

Some larger tax-supported institutions, particularly those in Washington, Ottawa, and London, have staff members whose primary job is to provide free identifications for the scientific public, or for parts of it. These staffs handle a large volume of work but are not able to keep up with the demand, and in many taxonomic areas none of them has a competent staff member. A fourfold increase in such staffs would help, but even then demand would ex-

ceed any free supply. Free identifications have to be rationed. This is done by not advertising their availability, by selective outright refusals, by various evasive or avoid- ance tactics when dealing with certain kinds of requests, or by discouraging certain correspondents with long de- lays (sometimes continuing till the correspondent is dead).

Production of a good taxonomist requires at least ten years of intensive study, a collection which may take 10 to 40 years to assemble, and almost complete library on the taxonomic group concerned, and floor space to house the collection and library. Institutions have neglected building collections beyond elementary or intermediate . levels, and private collections of stature are scarce. Equip- ping a taxonomist is not like equipping a physiologist by ordering already engineered instruments from supply cata- logues. A taxonomist can borrow parts of collections for limited research jobs, but for general competence must start some years (or a lifetime) of building a collection of his own.

A quick increase in taxonomists of broad capability i s logistically not possible, but these persons do not have the maneuvering ability and the aggressive habits needed to take professional advantage of their scarcity in relation to their importance. The present generation of them have been worms to be stepped on for so long that they are accustomed to and accept that status. There is also the entrenched attitude of others toward taxonomy to be overcome. Only gradual changes can be expected.

It i s not the purpose of this article to appeal for more direct public support for taxonomy. That has been done many times already. It is rather to suggest that taxonomists themselves must do something to change the situation. They must demand payment for services. There should be no more free identifications except for colleagues actually working as taxonomists. There should not be free work for staff or students of institutions that can pay for subprofes- sional help, travel, translations, publication costs, and computer time but to no pay for outside taxonomic work in their research budgets. Acceptance of specimens in return for identifications should be discontinued. If the specimens do have value, they are crumbs from the table, not real pay. If they are needed, it is cheaper and more efficient to buy specimens from commercial collectors or to get them by personal field work.

Identifications for the scientific public should be on a fee basis. The fees should be comparable to those the taxonomist himself pays -to the doctor, lawyer, plumber, car mechanic, or television repairman. His fees could be a bit higher because those professionals have skills easily acquired by hundreds of others, while his own special skill, i f duplicated at all, i s often by less than a dozen persons in the world. Moreover, his skill is salable only at ir- regular times. For the fee, a customer should expect

prompt work, the taxonomist's best effort whether or not A related, but separate problem is whether fees to taxo- an exact and complete identification results, and a letter nomists working in institutions should go to the person or in reply (enclosing a bill) that may contain brief information about the species or literature references that might be useful.

Income from identification fees would rarely be substantial, but the most valuable result would be a changed relation with colleagues in other fields. There would be aneasy reply to the petitions for assistance: "Yes, I should be glad to name your specimens. My fee is $-.- per species, plus $5.00 if a package is to be shipped back. You can expect an answer two weeks after receipt of the specimens." The customer also would be in a better position. He would be paying for the work and could expect a responsible job, and promptness. And some of the best specialists who have tired of giving free services might again be willing to render opinions. Maybe their fees would be higher, but at least they would be available on a business-like basis.

When or if fees become a general practice, a research project involving the need for identifications could be planned with more confidence, and executed with more efficiency. Budgeting some dollars for taxonomic work would give a reasonable surety that the work could be done promptly and by good specialists. Begging for free time, and uncertainty about whether or not the giver of free time really would function or function promptly, would become less important hazards.

The 'Hardrock Mycologist Traipsed in foray

Death Valley to Ouray inoculum falling from craw

Couldn't ident wherever I went

but falling down I saw

Rocks have fossils not just dinosaur colossal

but miniscule evidence too

Dissolved in acid under the scope

fungi diverse out the kazoo

Just dust to others but to me

a palynological foray

Made my day WCE, 1 1/21/92

This poem by William C. Elsik was written upon reflection on the annual forays enjoyed by amateur and professional mycologists alike. As a palynologist, Bill i s more aligned

with paleomycology, the study of fossil fungi.

to his institution. That would depend on the employment agreement. This or some other system is needed to make more available the information stored in taxonomic literature, in collections, and in the experience of specialists. Taxonomists have studied about 10 times as may species as have all other kinds of biologists combined (easily proved by a literature check) and even in the case of well-known species they have some data not available elsewhere. But this information is only partly accessible, because in taxonomy most modern biologists are func- tionally illiterate. They need intermediaries to make the contents of this filed available to them, just as some need translators for papers in foreign languages. Such intermediaries need not be the same persons as those who write the research papers, but they must have experience, time for doing identifications and increasing their competence, and each must have a first-class collection and library. And if such persons are to exist in any number and be available for consultation, they will have to be paid.

[Editor's Note: This article raises a delicate but urgent issue that too few biologists seem willing to face openly. Shrinking research budgets make it an ever harder decision to contract for vital systematics services wen while direct support for taxonomic/systematics research and identification services falls farther behind that for other specialties in spite of ris- ing demands for taxonomic services from the decreasing number of specialists whose own activities are increasingly sophisticated and costly. lnoculum invites your comments on this issue.] LEO

Macromycete studies in Prague? Czech it out!

Dr. Jaroslav Kldn. Head of the National Laboratory for Mushroom Toxins [Institute of Toxicology, Fa- culty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 1 21 08 Prague, Czech Republiclnotes that his laboratory has several services available to mycologists. This lab is actively involved in the analysis of plant and fungal intoxications by microscopic and chemical methods, and in research on mushroom toxins, macromycete cultivation, and the taxonomy and ecology of macromycetes.

The laboratory is well outfitted with modern equipment, and has access to mice, rats, rabbits, and guinea pig colonies for experimental work.

They are interested in collaborating with foreign scientists in research projects or grants, and would be pleased to accept visitors for joint work or training. Dr. Kldn encourages enquiries for reprints, mushroom material, or further information about his laboratory's capabilities and interests.

Biodiversity amon st Microorganisms and its 8 elevance

Reprinted with permission from World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 8, IUMS News No. 3

by David L. Hawksworth and Rita R. Colwell

With the 24th General Assembly held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1-6 September 1991, the IUBS (Interna- tional Union of Biological Sciences) accomplished an important step in fostering its key role and leadership for the development of international cooperation among scientific organizations.

The adoption of the Ecosystem Function of Biodiversity Programme, cosponsored by I UBS, SCOPE and UNESCO and in collaboration with lUMS [International Union of Microbiological Sciences], provides a good example of bringing together the assets and strengths of both governmental and non-governmental organizations.

The following paper by David L. Hawksworth (Presi- dent, lnternational Mycological Association) and Rita R. Colwell (President, IUMS), which is published by kind permission of Biology International, presents the goals, magnitude priority hypotheses and expected outcome of this very important joint-venture.

Report of a Joint IUBSIIUMS Workshop in Support of the IUBS/SCOPE/UNESCO Programme on Biodiversity

introduction Microorganisms exhibit the greatest breadth of genetic

diversity on Earth, are essential to the survival of all organisms as basal components of food chains and mutualists, and perform crucial and unique roles in the planet's biogeochemical cycles. Less than 5% of the world's microorganisms have yet been described, and it i s not improb- able that their real number on Earth exceed even that of the insects

Despite these considerations, microorganisms have to date been largely ignored in international debates on the extent of biological diversity on Earth, its relevance, and also its conservation. The need to redress this situation was recognized by the SCOPEIIUBS workshop on Eco- system Function of Biological Diversity held in Washing- ton, DC, on 29-30 June 1989 (Di Castri & YounCs 1990). A meeting of the SCOPE Co-ordinating Committee on Bio- diversity and Ecosystem Function, held in London on 18 February 1991, accepted a proposal that a special meeting be held to explore further the microorganism dimension of biodiversity. An IUBS/IUMS workshop on Biodiversity amongst Microorganisms and its Relevance was therefore convened in Amsterdam on 7-8 September 1991 to pursue the matter further.

Objectives: 1. To provide a basis for both future discussion and action

on the extent of microbial diversity and its importance in ecosystem function - and so to the maintenance of biodiversity itself.

2. To propose actions required to improve our knowledge of microbial diversity and its importance.

3. To consider actions required to ensure the in situ and ex situ conservation of microorganisms.

Participants and Proceeding The meeting was attended by representatives of the key

international organizations and commissions affiliated to IUMS and/or IUBS concerned with the various microorganism groups, together with selected other specialists:

Dr. R. A. Andersen Director, Provasoli-Guillard Center for Culture of Ma- rine Phytoplankton

Professor J. W. Bennett Past-President, American Society for Micro- biology

Dr. V. P. Canhos Secretary, World Federation for Culture Collections Professor G. A. Codd Council Member, Society for General Micro-

biology Prof. R. R. Colwell President, IUMS; Chairman, American Academy o f

Microbiology Dr. J. 0. Corliss International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature Prof. C. R. Curds Keeper o f Zoology, Natural History Museum, London Dr. T. N. Embley Natural History Museum, London Dr. D. Galloway President, lnternational Association for Lichenology Prof. D. L. Hawksworth President, lnternational Mycological Association;

Chairman, lnternational Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi, IUMS

Mrs. B. Kirsop, President World Federation for Culture Collections Prof. A. Martini Universitd di Perugia Dr. D. van der Mei Director, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcukures Prof. Dr. F. Oberwinkler Institut fur Biologie i Spezielle, Botanik und Bot-

anischer Carten, Tubingen Dr. H. Oyaizu University o f Tokyo Dr. D. Peters Agricultural University, Wageningen Dr. M. H. V. Van Regenmortel Secretary General, IUMS Prof. U. Simidu Secretary, International Committee on Microbial Ecology Prof. E. Stackebrandt Secretary for Subcomminees, International Commis-

sion on Systematic Bacteriology Prof. H. G. Triiper, Chairman lnternational Commission on Systematic

Bacteriology Professor K. Vickerman University of Glasgow Dr T. Younes Executive Director, IUBS Prof. A. J. B. Zehnder Landbouwuniversiteit, Wageningen

On the first day, in order to provide a background to debates on the second, overview presentations were made covering algae (R. Andersen), filamentous fungi (F. Ober- winkler), lichens (D. T. Galloway), yeasts (A. Martini), protozoa (K. Vickerman), viruses (M. H. V. Van Regenmortel), bacteria (H. Truper) and cyanobacteria (G. Codd). These

were followed by contributions on microorganisms in an- aerobic ecosystems (A. ). B. Zehnder), molecular methods of analysing bacterial diversity (H. Oyaizu), and uncultur- able microorganisms detected by molecular probes (E. Stackebrandt). The papers presented are currently being edited for publication (Hawksworth & Colwell 1992).

On the second day, discussions were held which focus- ed in turn on: numbers of described and estimated species; methods of inventory production; significance in ecosystem function, biodiversity maintenance, and global ecology; and conservation in situ and ex situ. An Action Statement, Microbial Diversity 21, covering these and related matters was compiled during the day and is repro- duced below.

Action Statement : Microbial Diversity 21

The Relevance of Microorganisms in Biodiversity

Microorganisms, i.e., algae, bacteria (including cyanobacteria and mycoplasmas), fungi (including lichens and yeasts), protozoa, viroids and viruses, are vital to the function and maintenance of the Earth's ecosystems and biosphere. As major contributors in biogeochemical cycles they perform unique and indispensable activities in the circulation of matter in the world, on which all larger organisms, including humans depend. They constitute a genetic resource of great potential for contributing to the sustainable development of the plant as well as human, animal and plant health. Urgent attention to redress our ignorance on many key aspects of their scientific understanding, their distribution and functions is required.

Recognizing the magnitude of the task and the need to integrate the existing and develop additional expertise in both developed and developing countries, concerted international action on a scale hitherto not contemplated is required.

Action 1: Establish a major international initiative, a decade of microbiological diversity, provisionally called Microbial Diversify 2 1, to complement, and where appropriate work in conjunction with, ongoing international programs and new ones now being developed.

Inventorying Microorganisms No inventory of the microbial species of the world exists, and it is estimated that less than 5% of the Earth's species are known. Recognizing the scale of the problem, emphasis should be placed on those groups of functional importance to the biogeosphere and to ecosystem function at all levels, including those relevant to the activities of man and the development of sustainability. Considering the declining numbers of microbial systematists, it will not be possible to provide the necessary support to fully implement the Actions identified in this plan without a concomitant strengthening of the world's systematic capability.

Action 2: Produce an inventory of all known microbial species, in collaboration with existing indexing centers.

Action 3: Hold workshops, in collaboration with CODATA, on the variety of microbial functions at the ecosystem, biochemical and molecular levels, produce an inventory of all known microbial functions, and standard- ize the terminology of and methods for determining functional attributes.

Action 4: Develop standard systems for sampling microbial communities and associations in different environments in order to provide a firm scientific basis for discussions related to biodiversity and ecosystem functions at all levels.

Action 5: Develop the microbial systematic base through the potentiation of existing centers, identifying gaps, and forming regional networks in order to provide the essential underpinning for inventory work and ecological investiga- tions.

Action 6: Hold a conference on the species concept in microbial groups in order to clarify these and increase the comparability of these concepts.

Significance of Microorganisms in Ecosystem Function, the Maintenance of Biodiversity of

Other Organisms, and Global Ecology Microorganisms are responsible for nitrogen fixation, and other components of the nitrogen cycle, and have unique roles in the cycling of elements essential to life on Earth. They can also serve as early warning systems in the bio- monitoring of global ecology, climate change, and the effects of pollutants, and habitat disturbance. An understanding of their function is also relevant as they both contribute and respond to ecosystem change. They are the primary producers and dominate the biogeochemical cycles in all extreme environments and oceans, and food webs. In addition, mutualisms and food webs involving microorganisms are critical to the maintenance of animals and most plants. Microorganisms have an immense functional diversity and capability, and constitute a major genetic resource to coun- teract environmental changes and stresses. The meeting also recognized the tremendous role of microorganisms in many aspects of sustainable agriculture.

Action 7: Prepare a list of habitats meriting conservation because of the importance of microorganisms in those habitats for ecosystem function and maintenance of the biosphere.

Action 8: Ensure the inputs of microbiologists to programs on global biogeochemistry and climatic change, and to studies on ecosystem function and food webs, especially in "hot-spot" sites and also in the conservation of plants and animals.

Action 9: Hold workshops to establish pilot projects and longer term studies to provide clearer scientific basis for the understanding of the role of microorganisms in the

functions identified in Action 8.

Conservation of Micmrganisms In situ and Ex situ Microorganisms constitute the major part of genetic diversity on Earth, which is of vital importance in evolution, and a major source of useful bioactive compounds and other activities that can be used for human benefits The importance of in situ conservation is recognized, but because of the uncertainty of long-term security of this strategy and as the isolation from nature of many microorganisms is problematic, ex situ methods are essential to complement in situ conservation. Ex situ collections are the mechanism by which microbial diversity is secured and made available for exploita- tion and study by man.

Action 10: Provide inputs at the international and national level to the selection of nature reserves and other sites to be protected in the long-term.

Action 1 1: Encourage the conservation of environmental samples from disappearing habitats by long-term cryopre- servation methods, for example in regional genetic resource centres, in order to safeguard their microbial genetic potential.

Action 12: In collaboration with the WFCC, develop networks between, and increase the capacity of, service culture collections of microorganisms and isolated genomes in other laboratories in order to increase their value and minimize unnecessary duplication, and identify priority areas for additional support.

posals under the above Action Points for a period of 1 year, after which it was anticipated the relevant international scientific organizations would appoint delegates of their choice. Co-chairpersons

R.R. Colwell Maryland Biotechnology Institute 11 23 Microbiology Building '

College Park, Maryland 20742, USA Tel: (+I) 301 404 5189; Fax: (+I) 301 454 8123

D. L. Hawksworth CAB International Mycological lnstitute Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TY, UK Tel: (+44) 0748 470 1 11; Fax: (+44) 0748 470 909

Committee Members R. Andersen, USA (algae) A. j. B. Zehnder, The Netherlands (bacteria) D. van der Mei, The Netherlands (fungi) C. R. Curds, U K (protozoa) M. H. V. Van Regenmortel, France (viruses) V. do L. Canhos, Brazil (culture collections)

Concurrently, action is being taken by the Steering Com- mittee to alert agencies involved in developing major programs in biodiversity to the Action Statement Microbial Diversity 21, and to encourage them to incorporate elements of it in their programs.

References De Castri, R & Youn6s, T. 1990. Ecosystem function of biological diversity. Biology lnternational Special Issue 22, 1-20.

Action 13: Encourage programs to develop techniques for Hawksworth, D. L., and Colwell, R. R., eds. 1992. Biodiversity the isolation, culture, and long-term preservation of micro- amongst microorganisms and i ts relevance. Biodiversity and organisms. Conservation (in preparation).

Inforination Networks in Biodiversity Information on microbial biodiversity will proliferate as the international programs discussed here and other initiatives develop. Support for the establishment of databases and net- Callins *I1 Mvcolo~ical Herbaria: works /s necessary, and, in addition, links with bioinfor- matics information resources in botany, zoology, the envi- ronment, conservation, and the utilization of genetic

I s There Life After Fumiqation?

resources are required. Y

Action 14: Convene an IUBS/IUMS/CODATA workshop of bioinformaticdbiodiversity specialists, in collaboration with the WFCC and other organizations active in this field, to establish the means and specifications for such an integrating mechanism.

Implementation The IUMS Executive Board agreed to work with IUBS on this initiative at its meeting in Prague on 18-1 9 May 1991. Further, the 24th General Assembly of IUBS in Amster- dam on 6 September 1991 adopted a proposal to develop a program in this filed in collaboration with IUMS.

The following joint IU BSIIUMS Steering Committee was established at the joint workshop to develop and cost pro-

The University of Toronto Cryptogamic Herbarium is compiling information of fumigants and their impact on post-fumigation culturability. They hope to conduct some research on this and would like your help.

Curators of mycological herbaria are requested to send their responses to the following questions to Kenneth Bar- bour, Department of Botany, Royal ontario Museum, 1 00 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario Canada M5S 2C6 [fax: 41 6-586-551 61:

Your herbarium's name Your name and address Fumigants used Other pest control measures used Safety concerns about pest control measures used Your experiences regarding post-treatment culturability Other comments

Consortium of US Federal Agencies Create New Biodiversity Program

A unique new biodiversity program funded jointly by three federal agencies has been created to encourage the preservation of the world's disappearing ecosystems and development of new drugs from natural products.

The effort, called the lnternational Cooperative Biodi- versity Groups (ICBG) Program, i s cosponsored by the US Agency for lnternational Development, the National Sci- ence Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health.

The agencies will combine their resources to award grants totalling $1.5 million in the first year to international consortia to inventory, collect and study bioactive plants and other organisms from endangered ecosystems such as rain forests, coral reefs, and deserts. The goal of the program is to isolate compounds with potential pharmaceutical value to produce new, more effective drugs for a wide variety of medicinal uses, including treating cancer and mental disorders. Awards will also support efforts in developing nations to conserve native species and to enhance these countries' capabilities to study biodiversity.

''The world community has become quite alarmed at the accelerated loss of biological diversity, especially in tropical ecosystems where unique species are disappearing every day," said Dr. Philip E. Schambra, Director of the Fogarty lnternational Center of NIH, which will admi- nister the program on behalf of the three agencies.

"The reasons for the loss of biodiversity are many and complex, with the pressures of economic development prime among them," he explained. "Many poor communities feel pressed to choose between the preservation of their natural resources and immediate survival. We want to help them realize that developing their natural products may be far more valuable than simply clearing the areas for planting regular crops."

In an effort to find new solutions to the problem of loss of biodiversity, USAID, NSF, the National Cancer lnstitute and the Fogarty Center convened an international conference in 1991, the first of its kind. Participants included experts in biological diversity, drug development from natural products, intellectual property law, and ethnobiology. Attendees included representatives from US Government agencies, the pharmaceutical industry, and developing countries. They discussed how pharmaceuticals derived from natural products might help promote economic growth in developing countries while encouraging the conservation of environments where uninvestigated natural products can most often be found.

Participants in the meeting developed a list of general principles and observations that led the involved governmental agencies to create the ICBG program. Among these principles was the view that equal partnership and a spirit of cooperation should guide multinational efforts to maintain and use biodiversity resources. Also, the participants observed that traditional knowledge of effective nat-

urally-occurring medicines i s as threatened and valuable to humankind as species diversity.

Based on such observations, the agencies sponsoring the 1991 meeting, joined by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, and the National lnstitute of Mental Health (which became part of NIH on October 11, developed and published a Request for Applications (RFA) earlier this year announcing the ICBG program and soliciting applications for grants.

In the RFA, consortia ('groups') of university, non-profit and industrial units were invited to submit proposals for the collection and cataloging of organisms from endangered ecosystems in developing countries and for compiling inventories of native species and indigenous knowledge. The groups may also prepare extracts from collected species to test against cancer, AIDS, infectious and cardiopul- monary diseases, and mental disorders, and to pursue further work on those with interesting biological properties.

In addition, each group i s encouraged to provide training and infrastructural support for the needs of the involved developing countries; at least one component of each group must be based in a developing country. The awards will be made as cooperative agreements, indicating that the US Government anticipates substantial advi- sory involvement with each awardee ICBG.

Each funding agency hopes the program will demon- strate the viability of combining scientific progress, economic growth and sustainable uses of natural resources. Unique and valuable resources - such as the world's rain forests - need not be destroyed in the process of development. Drug development is only one of many possible ways these resources might be used productively in a sustainable development pattern.

Biomedical researchers across the world are beginning to realize the incredible wealth of biological diversity. Plants and other organisms hold tremendous potential for new therapeutics to combat old and new diseases and disorders. A recent example is taxol. derived from the Pacific yew tree, used to treat breast and ovarian cancer.

While little specific information is available from the Fogarty lnternational Center at this point, two or more of the 33 proposals received deal with fungi. It is anticipated that three or four proposals will be funded under this biodiversity program, and that the funding decisions will be announced in May 1993. The $1.5 million funding level for this program has been criticized in Nature magazine as being very low in comparison to the actual needs for this sort of work. While acknowledging with regret that this funding'level is low, the agencies contributing funds to this program hope that the number and caliber of proposals received may be used to encourage greater funding for this sort of program in the future.

UPCOMING EVENTS st-~emard, Paris [phone 33 1 44 27 59 70 or fax 33 1 44 07 15 851. See Mvcotaxon 44: 51 7 for further information.

ATCC Laboratory Workshops for 1992 and 1993. Contact: ATCC Workshops, 12301 Parklawn Dr., Rock- ville, MD 20852. Phone: 301-231 -5566.

Recombinant DNA: Techniques & Applications. 22-26 February 1993 Polymerase Chain Reaction/Cycle DNA Sequencing. 2-5 March 1993 In-Vitro Toxicology: Techniques & Applications. 8-1 1 February 1993

nal workshop on higher fungi i s to occur in late March 1993, at

th

March 8-1 2, 1993: A Fusarium Workshop providing "information on all you ever wanted to know about Fusarium but were afraid to ask" is limited to six participants will be given at the Fusarium Research Center, Dept of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University. Workshops include daily discussions of several generalized topics and detailed examinations of 23 Fusarium species. Fees: $500; $250 for graduate students. Contact: Paul Nelson, phone 81 4-865-9773 (fax 81 4-865-31 03).

April 1-2,1993: Focus on Fungal Infections-3. Contact Michael G. Rinaldi.

April 5-8,1993: The British Mycological Society is sponsoring a symposium, The Biology of Aspergillus, to be held at the University of Kent. Organizer: K. A. Powell.

April 17-1 8, 1993: 14th Annual Mid-Atlantic States My- cology Conference and Morel Foray, Dept. of Botany, Duke University, Durham, NC. Dr. Linda Kohn will present lecture. For housing and registration information, contact: Rytas Vilgalys [phone 91 9-684-371 5; fax 91 9-684-541 2; e- mail: [email protected]]. Registration (including re- freshements, banquet, tailgate lunch at foray) is $50 ($25, students), due by 31 March 1993.

May 1 1-1 4,1993 - 1st International Workshop on As- comycete Systematics: Problems and Perspectives in the Nineties [a NATO Advanced Research Workshop]. will be held in Paris. Participation is limited; please indicate your interest promptly! The program and circulars are available from: 1 st Ascomycete Systematics Workshop, Uni- versit6 Paris 6, Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, Boite 33, 7 quai

25 May-5 June, 1 993: Introductory Mycology (3 credits, grad or undergrad) at the Univ. of Oklahoma Biological Station; instructor: Clark L. Ovrebo*. Contact: Dr. Loren Hill, Director, Univ. of Oklahoma, Biological Station, 8Norman, Oklahoma 7301 9-0235; phone 405-325-5391.

May 1993: A workshop in medical mycology will be held prior to the annual meeting of the American Society for Micro- biology in Atlanta. Contact: James L. Harris, 513458-7566 or fax 51 2458-7294.

June 13-1 8, 1993: LABSHOP: a Different Kind of Faculty Workshop for Instructors of Large Enrollment, Multiple Section Biology Laboratories. Illinois St. University, Normal, IL. Contact Marshall Sundberg, Biology Coordinator, LSU, 32 Agricultural Administration Bldg., Baton Rouge, LA 70803 [phone 504-388-8563; fax 504-388-8459] and see announcement elsewhere in this newsletter.

June 19-23 1 993: Annual Meeting of the MSA. See the An- nouncements elsewhere in this newsletter. B€ SURE TO /NCLUnE 7UL FON)Y/N YOUR PLANN/NGI

June 24-26, 1993: Workshop on Molecular Medical Mycology, to be held at the University of Minnesota (Min- neapolis), will be sponsored by the University of Minnesota and NIH National lnstitute of Allergy and Infectious Disease to consider the growing importance of medical mycology and opportunities afforded by advances in molecular biology. The workshop offers and overview of the systems repre- sented by fungal pathogens of humans and encourages innovative approaches to public health programs posed by fungi. Sessions will include morphogenesis, sexual and asexual cycles, secretion, cell surface' & signalling, and genome structure in various medical and non-medical model systems. Registration $50 (nonrefundable; deadline for receipt: 1 June 1993); room~board $1 25 (3 days and 4 nights in a University residence hall). For further information, contact: Dennis Dixon (see MSA Directory) or write: Professional Development and Conference Service, 21 4 Nolte Center for Continuing Education, 315 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455.

July 19-23, 1993. Cordon Conference: Plant and Fungal Cytoskeleton will be held at Proctor Academy in Andover, NH. The complete list of talkss will appear in Science, 79 February 1993. For information on this conference, contact Don Fosket, Dept. of Developmental & Cell Biology, Univ. of California, Irvine, CA 9271 7 (phone 71 4-856-5851 ). For

Proposed Series of NIHINIAID Workshops in Medical Mycology

The NIH National lnstitute of Allergy and lnfectious Diseases sponsored a workshop on "Mycology Research in the 1990's" in Chicago in September 1991 to address the increasing importance of medical mycology. Twenty medical mycologists from throughout the US were invited to discuss the issues and to con- ceptualize and to condense active research areas into topics needing further development. Five areas - molecular mycology, diagnosis and treatment, immunology, antigen structure and function, and epidemiology - were targeted for focus in a series of separate workshops or minisymposia that should be held at

nine-month intervals. The main theme of these meetings should be to effect technology transfer, with a resultant infusion of molecular approaches to medical mycology. It is apparent that the NIH has recognized medical mycology as an important area and wishes to facilitate an interaction of mycologists to effect an ul- timate goal of improving the public health.

The following workshops are projected: I. Molecular Mycolo~y (24-26 June 1993; Minneapolis, MN).

Subtopics: genetics, transformation, and gene manipulation. II. Diagnosis and Treatment (December 1993). Subtopics:

Clinical laboratory diagnosis, drug discovery, and new drug tar- gets.

information on the open poster session, contact Sue Wick, Dept of Genetics and Cell Biology, Univ. of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 551 08-1 095 (phone 61 2-625-471 8).

July 19-31, 1993: Field Mycology course at the Outdoor Education Center, SUNY College at Cortland, Raquette Lake, NY (in the Adirondack State Park). 3 credits; emphasis on fleshy Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes. Instructor: Tim Baroni. Contact Tim for further information.

July 28-August 6, 1993: 6th lnternational Congress of Plant Pathology, Palais des Congr6s de Montreal, Canada. If you plan to attend but have not contacted the Secretariat, do so NOW. Abstracts are due 29 January 1993. Contact: Secretariat, 6th lnternational Congress of Plant Pathology [Attention: Mrs. Doris Ruestl, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1 A OR6 [phone 61 3- 993-9228; fax 61 3-957-98281.

August 1-6, 1993: Society for Industrial Microbiology Canadian Society for Microbiology, Joint Meeting; Toronto, Ontario.

August 1 -6, 1993: Society for Invertebrate Pathology, annual meeting, Hilton Resort and Conferemce Center, Asheville, North Carolina.

August 8-1 3,1993: 9th lnternational Congress of Virology. Glasgow, Scotland. Contact: Registration Sec- retariat ICV 93, CEP Sconsultants Ltd., 26-28 Albany Street, Edinburgh EH1 3QH, Scotland, UK.

August 28 - September 3,1993: 15th lnternational Botanical Congress, Congres Center of Pacifico, Yokohama, Japan. Contact Registration Secretariat, XV lnternational Botanical Congress, d o lnternational Communications Inc. (ICS), Kasho Bldg. 2f, 2-14-9, Nihombashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103,Japan. Fax: [81] 3-3273-2445; telex: 72-0222-3585 ICS J. Advance registration and abstracts are due by 10 April 1993.

September 5-1 0,1993: The 9th lnternational Biodeterio- ration and Biodegradation Symposium (sponsored by the lnternational Biodeterioration Association), University of Leeds, UK. Organizers solicit tentative titles of presentations, suggestions for topic areas to be covered and early indications of intent to attend. Contact: Conference Secretary (RE), Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK [phone (0532) 332424 or fax (0532) 3324051 for first circular or other information.

September 6-1 1, 1993: The British Mycological Society i s sponsoring the 1st lnternational Conference on

Myxomycete Taxonomy and Ecology, to be held at Chester College. Organizer: B. Ing.

October 23-24,1993: Fungal Palynomorph Shortcourse, sponsored by the American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists will be offered in association with the AASP's annual meeting in New Orleans, LA. Contact: Dr. John H.I. Wrenn, Amoco Produc-tion Company, PO Box 3092, Houston, TX 77253.

December 4-8, 1993: lnternational Symposium on Pulses Research. Kanpur, India. Contact: Dr. A.N. Asthana, Organizing Secretary, lnternational Symposium, ISPRD, Directorate of Pulses Research, Kanpur - 208 024, India, for first circular or other information.

August 14-21,1994: 5th lnternational Mycological Congress. Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. There will be continuing notices in lnoculum about the planning and program for this meeting.

For Other Long-Range Planning: 1994 (March 13-1 8): The 12th Congress of the lnterational

Society for Human and Animal Mycology. Adelaide Con- vention Centre, Adelaide, Australia). Contact: Congress of the lnternational Soc. for Human and Animal Mycology, 80 Brougham Place, North Adelaide 5006, S. Australia.

1994 uune 26-July 1 ): 7th International Symposium on Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms (GIM-941, Mont- real, Quebec. The First Circular is available. Contact: Claude V6zina or Nicole Leger, Symposium Manager - GlM94, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIA OR6 (phone 61 3-993-9431 or fax 61 3-957-9828).

1994 (July 3-8): 7th International Congress, IUMS Divisions of Bacteriology & Applied Microbiology and of Myco- logy. Contact Dr. Mah Lee Ng [Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Kent Ridge, Singapore 051 1; fax 65-77668721 for the First Circular and/or a list of scheduled symposium topics for these joint congresses.

1995 (August 11 -1 5): Mycological Society of America meets with AlBS at San Diego (CAI Town & Country.

1996 (August): IUMS, Bacteriology and Applied Microbio- logy Division. Three back-to-back congresses will occur in Jerusalem, Israel: Virology (1 2-1 6 August), Bacteriology (1 9-23 August), and Mycology (1 9-23 August).

Ill. Immuno lo~ (September 1994). Subtopics: host-parasite interactions, host immune response, pathogenic mechanisms.

IV. Antigen - Structure and Function (April 1995). Subtopics: structural biology, carbohydrate chemistry, signaling.

V. Epidemiolow (December 1995). Subtopics: classical epidemiology, molecular epidemiology.

Planning for the first workshop on Molecular Mycology is well underway. A steering committee has been organized to include Dr. Pete Magee (Dean, College of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Minnesota), Dr. Stewart Scherer (Human Genome Center, Berke- ley, CAI, and ten other mycologists. The program is under development and will include sessions on (1 ) fungal genome structure, (2) fungal morphogenesis and development, (3) fungal sex-

ual and asexual cycles, (4) fungal secretion, transport, and mem- branes, and (5) fungal cell wall structure and function. Four hours will be devoted to each session including one hour where participants are sequestered into working groups of 10-1 5 to provide for interaction and free discussion, and one hour for group discussion at large. It i s hoped that this will facilitate the goal of technology transfer and the infusion of molecular ap- proached to medical mycology. Emphasis will be placed on using available funding to bring young investigators such as senior-level postdocs to the meeting and attracting them to the field.

Contact Dennis Dixon* for further information about this proposed series of workshops and minisymposia.

A Sampler of INTERNET Items of Mycological Interest

From Out of the Electronic Ether ... Michigan's Mighty Armillaria

Myron Smith's and Jim Anderson's report on the giant Armil- laria bulbosa excited quite a bit of reaction on the networks. Rytas Vilgalys sent in the following (somewhat) random excerpts from the BIONET electronic bulletin board messages about the "giant fungus" since last April when the first press releases on this phenomenon caught the imagination of the news media.

The First Flush of Reaction ... 4 I heard a short blurb on the radio today (04-02-92) about a large fungus/fungi discovered in Michigan, any truth to this or is this just an April Fool's prank? ... Isn't this in a recent Nature or Science? Just gossip I overheard in the photocopy room ... l read briefly in today's Atlanta Constitution and]ournal that the fungus does exist, is living, and is somewhere in the neighborhood of 37 acres. (I think).

J I read it in today's Oregonian too. It was said that this fungus produces edible mushrooms and can truly be called the largest living organism on earth ... The discovery was to have been published in Nature for April 2. The authors are James B. Anderson, Myron L. Smith, and Johann N. Bruhn. Alas, my local library had not yet received their copy as of Saturday.

/ There was a short front-page article in the local newspaper (Honolulu Star-Bulletin) about the fungus. It did appear on April 1 st, but sounded too serious to not be serious. My memory is that it's a fungus that i s growing underground, associated with tree roots. DNA 'fingerprinting' showed that it was the same individual fungus, covering an area of about 37 acres. We should probably see something about it in an upcoming issue of Science News.

J It also appeared in the Washington Post. I loved the graphic that accompanied the story. There was a picture of a mushroom, and next to that a puny blue whale and giant sequoia. I imagine some editor actually thought there's a 200,000 pound mushroom cap growing out of the ground. What i s it about news- papers and science?

J At least they put the story on the front page ... " /See the accompanying article in the News and Views section by Clive Brasier @. 382) for arguments against this fungus's being the largest organism in the world. The simplest argument against this is that there is no way to tell whether the 'single organism' i s not fragmented into several independent clones.

J I (also) heard the report on NPR, and it sounded too plausible to be an April Fool's Joke. The funny thing is that when they cut to the pledge drive, the local announcer insisted that they always have an April Fool's story, and that must have been it. I didn't hear another story that even seemed remotely whimsical, so I was a little confused. Maybe the joke was to do a true story that sounded bizarre enough to be a joke.

J I heard the report on NPR on April 1 and from Charles

Osgood on April 2. NPR did have an April Fool's joke (Rich Little impersonating Richard Nixon saying he was running for Presi-dent again). For those who missed hearing about it, if it is real, i s that a researcher in Michigan discovered an extremely large fungus in the Upper Penninsula of Michigan. By examining mushrooms (DNA analysis) taken from various parts of a 37 acre woodlot, it was determined that they were all the same mushroom, connected through subsurface growth. The estimated total biomass of the fungus was estimated to be ca. 100 tons, if I remember that right. It grows at the rate of about 20 cmlyear. Backcalculating, they figure it's been growing for about 1500 years. Pretty impressive. ...

... Some Better Considered Musings

J The news i s true! There is a huge amount of microbial biomass in the soil beneath your feet. I question whether the network they're talking about is really as old as claimed, but the basic idea of massive amounts of fungal tissue in the soil in not really new. The take home message here is that there is nothing to fear here ... these are the good guys in the cycle of nutrients in the biosphere. I will not be surprised when new ones are reported in the news real soon. Don't be alarmed! Just remember that these are our friends.

J nonsense! ... l heard some hype about this giant mushroom as the 'largest living thing' or some such. The fungus in question wasn't a mushroom. It is a tree root colonizer. A 15 hectare mushroom, that would be something!

/OK, so I got a little hyperbolic. I did hear that one of the investigators ate some of the fruiting bodies of the fungus, which are mushrooms ... J I told a botanist here about it, and he was wondering if aspens out in Colorado can achieve even more biomass, since new trees can grow out of living roots. Anyone know anything about this?

J Your botanist buddy was right on target. The oldest aspen clones date back to the last glaciation, and the biggest one I know about covers 80ha [200 acres] (Kemperman and Barnes, 1976. Clone size in American aspens. Can. J. Bot. 54: 2603-260).

/ Yikes! ... Of course, the biomass of said Populus clone far ex- ceeds that of the mushroom, though it probably doesn't taste as good in spaghetti sauce...

J How did the authors determine that the trees were one clone? The authors of the fungi paper used RFLP and RAPD. One of the most startling aspects of the paper is that the clone (#I) appears not to have changed much genetically over it's life span. For example, new hyphae have not undergone much detectable mutation or recombination. Of course, clonality cannot be proven by any genetic test, only some statistical confidence placed on the likelihood that ramets are (not) different from each

other. The aspen work preceded DNA markers, but since I have a few hundred polymorphic nuclear markers for Populus, I could loan them to you for this purpose. Spring bud flush and (more beautifully) fall leaf color timing is highly heritable, and aspen clones are often delineated most easily in this way. Visit the Rockies in September or the Yukon in late August for a visual demonstration of the clonal habit. Some enterprising souls have excavated the root network of aspen clones, to verify a common origin. Root sprouting is thought to be an adaptation to frequent fire. Maybe so. Clonal fidelity is pretty well known in trees, witness Lombardy poplar (tall, skinny clone of Populus nigra) propagated for around 400 years and still looking the same. Not that somatic mutants never arise, otherwise our apple, stone fruit, and citrus selection would be lousy.

would know. Lots of clonal and apomictic grasses out there, but the apomicts might be physically separate from each other, despite being genetically identical.

/ On the subject of the sometimes blurry definition of an individual, check out Stephen Jay Gould's essay, 'A Humongous Fungus Among Us', in his This View of Life' column in the July '92 "Natural History". Fans of either the Michigan or Washington giant fungi will especially enjoy it. (Hmm, isn't that matchup a rematch of the Rose Bowl?)

... And The Bottom Line

/You don't run into these kinds of questions working with Dro- sophila.

/ Does anyone know if sequoias are clonal? I think the / "My boy," he said, "you are descended from a long line of de- biomass of a single tree roughly equals the Michigan termined, resourceful, microscopic tadpoles--champions every fungus. Also, what about vegetatively reproducing grasses? one." -- Kurt Vonnegut from Galapagos. Could there be giant grass clones out there somewhere? Of course, if you believe in the Gaia hypothesis,the whole J Obviously what we're all waiting for are the straight-line and

earth is one big happy organism (yeah, right). exponential extrapolations which will show us just exactly when this creature will devour the entire planet. I expect to see this at

/ Sequoias can be vegetatively propagated, and I believe they the supermarket on Saturday." sometimes do this in nature by layering. Bill Libby at Berserkeley

A Very Seasonal Sighting Subject Identify this strange toadstool known as the Snowman Mushroom (not to be confused with the From: Bob Wildfong, bob~csg.uwaterloo.ca Snow Mushroom, which is a Gyromitra, I believe). A distant rel- Date: Tue, 1 7 Nov 1992 16:49:50 CMT ative of the Giant Puffball (Calvatia Gigantica), it distributes its

I wonder if any mycologists out there can identify the weird spores in a similar way; while the Puffball dries out and then ex- growths which have appeared on the lawns on my street. I've plodes, sending spores everywhere, the Frosteus (or "Frosty") re- seen toadstools before, but these specimens are truly bizarre. quires an outside agent, such as a child, to pick up a young

They're generally white, but sometimes with a few brown specimen and throw it at an object, such as another child. The specks near the bottom, height ranging from 3 feet to over 6 feet, mushroom explodes on impact, distributing its spores. with a roughly conical shape, sornetimes reminiscent of two or three large spheres stacked one on top of the other. Q response to the speed of timing of their appearance:] Yes, this is

They seem to require cold weather to grow, since they always true; in fact, in warmer weather they undergo a selfdigestion appear immediately after the first snowfall and they grow amaz- process similar to that of the Coprinus (Inky Caps, Shaggy ingly quickly, often within a few hours. Manes, etc), sometimes completely disappearing within the

I've seen the neighbourhood children playing with these mon- space of a few hours. Where the Coprinus mushrooms turn to a strous toadstools, putting hats and scarves on them and dec- black, ink-like fluid, the Frosteus turns to a clear, water-like orating their surfaces with buttons, twigs and other scraps to fluid. make them look like towering, white, bloated people. I do hope, for the childrens' sake that they're not poisonous. [In response to concerns about whether these things are poisonous and

Please, if anyone can help me identify this species, if would about the way in which children play with them:] Oh, they're not put my mind at rest I'm particularly interested in their growth poisonous, nor are they detrimental to your lawn. Calvatia habits. Are they detrimental to the lawn? If not, I'd appreciate Frosteus is edible when raw, but because of the self-digestion any hints on how to encourage them to grow in my yard, process mentioned before, it cannot be cooked as they dissolve too. They have a kind of, I don't know, charm about fluid. The flavor is preferred by children, but most when they're dressed up like that them somewhat bland and watery. ( ~ o n ' t eat yel-

All replies appreciated. low specimens!) To encourage them to grow in your yard, remember

that the spores are most easily spread by children, as I Subject Re: Identify this strange toadstool mentioned earlier. Encourage children to come play on From: Ilana Stem, [email protected] your snow-covered lawn; if their mittens are covered Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1992 23:15:46 GMT with Frosteus spores, you may soon find a Calvatia [In response to the possible identification of these mange ap- e Frosteus in your own yard! paritions:] Ah, yes. The Calvatia Frosteus, commonly

inoculum The Newsletter of the Mycological Society of America

ISSN 05414938 Volume 44, no. 1 January 1993

Richard A. Humber, Editor USDA-ARS Plant Protection Research US Plant, Soil, 81 Nutrition Laboratory Tower Road Ithaca, NY 14853-2901

phone: (607) 255-1276 (office) (607) 255-1 274 (lab) (607) 272-6801 (home)

fax: (607) 255-2459 E-Mail (via Internet):

rhumberQqmrelay.mail. cornell.edu

Members are heartily encouraged to submit news, views, tips, graphics, and other material for the newsletter. lnoculum will be mailed four times a year - i n January, April, May/June/July (according t o the dates of the MSA Annual Meeting), and October. Submission deadlines are the second Fridays of September, December, March and of April, May or June when the Annual Meeting occurs in June, July, or August, respectively.

I welcome and encourage you to submit items by electronic mail or, for extended or complicated items, on 3.5" computer disks (together with hard copy). NB: Disks are NOT needed for simple or short items! Include a self-addressed, stamped envelope if you want the disk returned. Disk labels should l ist disk format (Mac or DOS) and file name(s); formatted word processing files created by MS-Word (Mac or DOS versions), WriteNow!, MacWrite, or Wordperfect or unformatted ASCII text files are acceptable.

Dear lnoculum e e e Book Reviews Revisited

As one who for some fifty years did a lot of book reviews, especially on various aspects of natural history, I developed a firm view of the responsibility of a reviewer - one that i s certainly closer to Butlefs than Michele Heath's viewpoint. A review is not a free advertisement for the book, although a few publishers(and doubtless a few authors) would like it to be just that.

The overwhelming function of a book review must be to inform the reader. When a book is aimed at undergraduates with limited training and experience, accuracy is particularly important: statements that are not universally true should be omitted or carefully qualified.

If a book is bad we must say so, with documentation. I once did pan a book of what we may call unnatural history, loaded with errors and half truths, and even including (without acknowledgment) an illustration from a copyrighted book. The publisher was mad as hell, instead of being thankful for my showing the weak- ness of his in-house reviewer. The editor and I sent back the book unreviewed.

If a book is good I praise it, stressing its strengths. Serious errors should be indi- cated to helr, <he reader (but never mind tv~o31

If the revikwer is well informed on the i i l d of a book, he can occasionally fill out a passage with information not seen by the author, or occasionally with unpublished observations. My proudest achievement in this area was a review in Mycologia 65: 259-263 of Ingold's 1971 Fungal spores. Yes, it was long (4 pages in the smaller page format of 19731, but much of the space was taken up by information not familiar to mycologists or even unpublished. The book review editor of the day was happy with it (bless his heart), and it was strongly informa- tive. Perhaps the most valuable of all reviews I ever wrote! It was entirely written to aid the reader (and hopefully the author although he never said so). Browsing through my copy of lngold I see several other annotations that I might have used, but I had to stop somewhere.

This screed is obviously not publishable; but, if any of the ideas expressed in it will help your assigned reviewers, do pass it on.

Yours truly, D. 6. 0. Savife Agriculture Canada, Centre for Land and Bidogical Resources Research

More from INTERNE? Permitted Picking of Mushrooms

in a National Forest OLYMPIA, WA - If you enjoy hunting for wild mushrooms, permits are available from Olympic National Forest. Forest Supervisor Ron R. Humphrey said personal and commercial-use permits are available at ranger district offices located around Olympic Peninsula in Hoodsport, Quilcene, Forks, and Quinault Ac- cording to Humphrey, a permit policy has been in effect since 1989 due to an increasing demand for large quantities of mushrooms. "It allows Forest officials to manage this important natural resource,"he said. A personal-use pemit is free allowing up to 50 pounds per family. Many like to preserve mushrooms for later use and the permit allows for greater quantities to be taken for home consump- tion. Commercial-use permits are required for individuals or groups intending to sell mushrooms and a fee is charged based upon appraised prices. For incidental gathering of less than 20 mushrooms for a meal, a permit is not required. Hum- phrey said failure to have a permit for picking more than 20 mushrooms may result in a citation. Chanterelles, morels, matsutake and king boletus are non- poisonous and the most popular mushrooms sought after on the Olympic.

'To ensure future crops, pick or cut mushrooms one by one taking care not to disturb growing sites," Humphrey said. If you are unsure about identifying mushrooms for eating, it is strongly recommended that you refer to a mushroom guide. Forest Service officials have information available for the asking when obtaining a permit.

Announcement and Call for Papers

14th Annual Mid-Atlantic States Mycology Conference and Morel Foray April 17018,1993

Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

This popular annual event provides an opportunity for m cologists from K the middle- and sout east states to get together in a less formal atmosphere than regular society meetings. This year's meeting will be held on the Duke University Campus, located in the heart of the Carolinas. Early spring i s considered to be one of the best times to visit the area, particularly the Sarah P. Duke Gardens with its many flowering azaleas and dogwoods.

Contributed papers (1 0-1 5 min including discussion) will be presented during Saturday morning and afternoon. An evening reception and banquet are also planned, which will feature a guest lecture by Dr. Linda Kohn (University of Toronto).

The traditional MASMC morel foray will take place Sunday morning in the nearby Duke Forest, followed by a tailgate lunch before participants depart.

755 ///A ///A ///A Y/// Y/5 Y//. 2x5 Y/A WL 755 v/+ +-/A V/A ;/// 4 REGISTRATION F O R M $

Mid-Atlantic States Mycology Conference 1993 DEADLINE FOR REGISTRATION: March 31,1993

P d

Name:

Department: I

Address:

Title for tal k:

5 A - Check here if graduate student housing is desired

(likely the home of another graduate student),

I Indicate any preferences (maldfernale, vegetarian, etc).

Participants are encouraged to regi- ster early. A variety of local lodging options are available in the Durham-

REGISTRATION FEES: (includes refreshments, Saturday banquet and tailgate lunch on Sunday) 9 4

Regular participants: $50

Graduate Students: $25

Banquet only (for accompanying nonregistrants): $30

Chapel Hill area. As in previous years, 9 free I I ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ lodging with reduced Send completed reginration forms to: MASMC, Dr. Rytas Vilgalys, I registration costs are offered to gradu- ,, Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham NC 27708-0338 . , at6 students to encourage partidpation. 2 Transportation to and from airportshus For more information: contact Rytas Vilgalys [phone 91 9-684-371 5; % terminals and hotels will also be fax 91 9-684-541 2; internet: fungiQacpu b.du ke.edu]

Y available. %A ~ f i VA WA VA VA w VA +-A RW V& V/A //fi

LABSHOP: goal i s to have an initial set of activities field-testable by Fall Semester. Before leaving, participants wil log-on to BIOLAB, a

A Different Kind of Facult Worksho X for lnstructqrs o f Large Enro me@, nulEPle computer bulletin board being established to allow participants

Secbon Biology Laboratories to share post-LABSHOP follow-up activities and to give the biological community access to the laboratories which we develop.

13-18 June 1993 - Illinois St. University, Normal, IL

Have you seen or heard of great, investigative-type, hands-on laboratories that work well for an individual instructor who teaches one or two laboratory sections of a course?

Unfortunately, such exercises seldom transplant well into large courses taught primarily by graduate assistants. LABSHOP is not a show-and-tell workshop for you to come and see how someone else did it. Rather, it is a true workshop where small teams of faculty will work to develop investigative-type laboratory activities specifically for large enrollment multiple section biology courses. LABSHOP will concentrate on a handful of essential concepts which traditional give students problems. The

Fees: $250.00 [room, partial board (breakfast & lunch), materials]. Support from NSF will provide refunds of the registration deposit, LABSHOP fee waivers, and travel allowances for 36 participants. Registration deposit, $50.00.

To apply: send a vita, description of your program, and list of five concepts for which you would like to have a good investigative-type laboratory by 1 March 1993 to: Marshall D. Sundberg, Biology Coordinator, Louisiana State University, 32 Agricultural Administration Bldg., Baton Rouge, LA 70803 [phone 504-388-8563; fax 504-388-8459; e-mail SUND- BERGQLIFE.JSC.NASA.GOV or BTMARSH@LSUVMl

Distinguished Mycologist Award The Distinguished Mycologist Award is awarded annually to an individual who has been outstanding in his or her mycological career. Nominees for the award will be evaluated on the basis of quality, originality, and quantity of their published research and on the basis of service to the MSA or to mycologists in general. The requirements for a candidate's nomination are that:

1. The nominee must be a current member of the MSA or eligible for emeritus membership. The nominee must also have been a member of MSA for at least five years.

2. The nominee must have received his or her first terminal degree at least twenty years prior to the year in which the award i s given. Honorary degrees shall not be considered in determining the time interval.

3. An individual may receive the Distinguished Mycologist Award only once.

As the Distinguished Mycologist i s one of the highest awards bestowed by the MSA, self nomination is not allowed. Nominators must also be a member of the MSA. Awards Committee members are not eligible to nominate or to be nominated for this honor. The Chairperson of the Awards Committee will appoint ad hoc committee members in place of committee members whose major professor may be nominated for the award.

The nominator should send the required nomination material to each member of the Awards Committee. The names and addresses of the committee members are listed at the end of this announcement. The nomination folder should include the following:

1. A detailed evaluation of the nominee's outstanding contributions to mycology.

2. A curriculum vitae.

3. A list of the nominee's publications.

The Awards Committee will use the above criteria for judging the nominees. The committee may choose to make more than one award in a given year, i f it i s appropriate. Presentation of the award, a plaque, will take place at the awards ceremony of the annual meeting of the MSA. The recipient will be notified so that he or she may plan to attend the award presentation. The name of the winner of the award will be published along with the announcement of the awards.

Alexopoulos Prize The Alexopoulos Prize is awarded annually to an outstanding 'young' mycologist based on an evaluation of his or her research. The nomi-nees will be evaluated primarily on the basis of quality, originality, and quantity of their published mycological work. The requirements for a candidate's nomination are that:

1. The nominee must be a member of the MSA.

2. Nominees are to have received their last degree within the ten year period immediately preceding January 1 st of the year in which the award i s given. This will normally be an individual who received his or her degree 7-1 0 years previously.

3. An individual may receive the Alexopoulos Prize only once.

4. Nominee's who are not chosen for the prize in the year they are nominated will be reconsidered for up to two additional years (within the 1 0 year limit). The chairman will request updates of the nominee's materials.

As the Alexopoulos Prize i s one of the highest awards bestowed by

the MSA, self nomination is not allowed. The Chairman of the Awards Committee will appoint an a d hoccommittee member in place of an Awards Committee member who i s nominated for the prize. Nominators must also be a member of the MSA.

The nominator should request that the nominee send a curriculum vitae and reprints to each member of the Awards Committee. The names and addresses of the committee members are listed at the end of this announcement. The nomination folder i s complete when it includes the following:

1. A curriculum vitae.

2. A complete set of the nominee's reprints. 3. A letter from the nominator which states the nominee's merits. Additional letters of support have, in the past, been requested by the nominator. Letters should be sent to the Awards Committee chairman who will collate and distribute them to committee members.

The Awards Committee will use the above criteria for judging the nominees. Although in most years a single award is given, the committee may choose to award prizes to two outstanding candidates who are both in the last (1 0th) year of their eligibility. The committee may also choose not to make an award if suffi-cient nominations are not received. Presentation of the award will take place at the awards ceremony of the annual meeting of the MSA. The award con- sists of an appropriate plaque as well as a monetary award derived from the annual interest on the principal deposited in the MSA Alex- opoulos Fund. The recipient will be notified so that he or she may plan to attend the award presentation. The name of the winner of the award will be published as part of the announcements of the awards.

MSA Graduate Fellowships Two MSA Graduate Fellowships of $1 000.00 each are awarded annually to promising graduate students in mycology. Applicants will be evaluated on the basis of their scholastic merit. research ability, and promise shown as a mycologist. The MSA ~el iowshi~ stipends are intended as supplementary grants and may be used,by the recipients in any way to further their graduate studies. They are

awarded in addition to any fellowship or assistantship support from other sources. The requirements for applicants are as follows:

1. Applicants must be student members of the MSA.

2. Applicants must be a candidate for a PhD degree and a resident during the tenure of the fellowship in a university in the United States or Canada.

3. Previous MSA fellows are not eligible. The application should be sent to each member of the committee. The names and addresses for the Awards Committee is listed at the end of this announcement. The application is complete when it con- sists of the following:

1. A curriculum vitae that includes a paragraph concerning the student's training in preparation for the proposed work. 2. A detailed plan of study. The text of the proposal should be no longer than five (5) pages, single spaced. See below for suggestions.

3. Two letters of recommendation, one of which is from the student's advisor.

4. Graduate school transcripts showing courses taken and grades received. Xerox copies are acceptable if signed by the advisor.

Suggestions for the plan of study:

Use a one paragraph abstract at the beginning.

An introduction should explain what you want to do and why it is interestinghmportant.

A methods section should convince the reader that the project i s feasible.

A discussion section should explain results and significance.

Be concise. Use double spacing between paragraphs to make reading easier. Use sedion heading to make the organization easier to follow.

The Awards Committee will use the above criteria and the plan of study for judging the candidates. The chairman will appoint an ad hoc member to replace any committee member who has a student applying for a fellowship or who otherwise feels a conflict of interest. The winning applicants will be notified upon dection so that they may plan to attend the awards presentation at the annual meeting. Winning a fellowship is a good basis for asking your advisor, department chairman or dean for funds to travel to the meeting. The stipends are awarded after confirmation of university registration. The names of MSA Fellows are published as part of the awards announcements.

MSA Graduate Research Prizes Two MSA Graduate Fellowships of $1 00 each are awarded annually to the two best research papers in mycology presented orally by graduate students at the annual MSA meeting. Two MSA Graduate Research Prizes of $1 00 are awarded annually to the best research posters presented by graduate students at the annual meeting. An evaluation of the papers and posters will be based on significance of the work, creativity, appropriateness of the methods, clarity of presentation, and validity of conclusions. The requirements for consideration are as follows:

1. The applicant must be a member of the MSA.

2. Persons eligible for a Graduate Research Prize are Master's or Ph.D. candidates or those who haw been awarded the degree within one year of the annual meeting.

3. Previous recipients of either category of Graduate Research Prize are not eligible for a second award.

4. An individual should apply for consideration for a Graduate Research Prize by so indicating on the Call for Papers for the MSA meeting. Application may be made for either but not both categories of Graduate Research Prizes. A student can apply for and receive both the Graduate Fellowship and a Graduate Research Prize.

The Awards Committee will evaluate applicants on the basis of the above criteria. An effort will be made to send at least two members of the committee to each oral presentation and for all the members to view the poster competition. A d hoc members of the Awards Committee will be appointed by the chairman to avoid a conflict of interest or to facilitate judging. The Graduate Student Research Prizes are presented at the awards ceremony. The names of the recipients will be published along with the announcement of the awards.

MSA Awards Committee Members for 1992-1 993

Dr. Robert W. Roberson (Chairperson) Department of Botany phone: 602-965-861 8 Arizona State University fax: 602-965-6899 Tempe, AZ 85287-1 601 e-mail: ICRWR@ASUACAD

Dr. John Cooke Department of Ecology and Evoulationary Biology University of Connecticut phone: 203-446-1 020 Groton, CT 06340-1 020 fax: 203-445-3498

Dr. Linda Kohn Department of Botany Erindale Campus University of Toronto Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6 Canada

phone: 41 6-828-3997 or 8285338

fax: 41 6-828-3792

Dr. Rodney Roberts USDA-ARS Tree Fruit Research Laboratory 1 104 N. Westem Ave. phone: 509-664-2280 Wenatchee, WA 98801 fax: 509-664-2287

William H. Weston Award for Excellence in Teaching

The William H. Weston Award for Excellence in Teaching of mycology is usually awarded annually by the Mycological Society of America to a person selected by the Teaching Committee. However, if none of the nominees meets the standards of excellence acceptable to the committee, an award need not be made.

Awardee preference should be given to active teachers of either graduate or undergraduate courses in mycology. No preference should be made according to candidate's age, sex, or type of institution (e.g., liberal arts college, agricultural school, medical school, junior college).

A nominee's folder should be made up by a responsible qualified person who knows the nominee and the award requirements. The nominator or person designated by the MSA Teaching Committee Chairperson in consultation with the committee, the nominee, and the nominator should prepare the nominee's folder.

The folder should contain the following:

1. Current curriculum vitae, including courses taught in mycology, plant pathology and related areas.

2. A list of graduate students with research (thesis) topia, degrees and dates, publication of these, and current addresses.

3. A list of publications related to the teaching of mycology; textbooks; teaching seminars, symposia or workshops given by the nominee to either lay or academic groups; and natTonal, . regional, state or local committees, panels, etc., on teaching.

4. A statement from the nominee on teaching philosophy, i.e., what the nominee personally believes it takes to make an excellent teacher and what the candidate is trying to accomplish in teaching mycology and how various teaching techniques and strategies help to accomplish this goal.

5. A list of previous awards or recognition for outstanding teaching.

6. Evaluation of the nominee's teaching. (lo be completed by the folder compiler.) This section should contain: solicited and unsolicited letters from students and colleagues who have taken or audited the nominee's courses; course evaluation forms; and any other information documenting teaching excellence. Letters of evaluation should address the nominee's interest in teaching, enthusiasm for the subject, special attributes, innovative and special techniques, ability to present clearly ideas or concepts, capacity to motivate students, concern for students, ability to relate to students, and the characteristic of going above and beyond normal teaching duties. The chairperson of the MSA Teaching Committee should contact a minimum of three former students, listed by the nominee, requesting letters of evaluation.

The nomination folder of unsuccessful nominees will be retained by the MSA Teaching Committee for two years. The nominee will have the option of updating or adding to the folder each year.

Presentation of the award will be at the annual meeting of the Myco- logical Society of America.

Send one copy of the candidate's folder to John C. Clausz, Chairper- son - MSA Teaching Committee, Department of Biology, Carroll Col- lege, Waukesha, WI 531 86.

Alexander H. and Helen V. Smith Research Fund Guidelines and Call for Applications

Purpose The primary purpose of the fund shall be to encourage the

study of specimens of fungi collected by Alexander H. Smith and his associates. These collections, and materials relating to them, are currently deposited at the University of Michigan Herbarium. The Fund wil l distribute grants-in-aid to cover all or a significant part of the expense of coming to the Herbarium and working with the collections and materials relating to them.

Criteria for Awarding Grants Grants may be made available to members of the Mycological

Society of America who are working actively on the taxonomy of floristics of the fleshy fungi. They should be to a point in their studies where having full access to Alex's material would advance the applicant's work. These grants wil l not be used for preliminary studies of possible lines of investigation.

Methods of Choosing Recipients Applications for a grant should include (1 ) a proposal in-

dicating how the study of Alex's specimens and manuscripts would advance the applicant's work, (2) an estimated budget to cover all or part of the anticipated expenses (e.g., travel, per diem, copying), and (3) a current curriculum vitae.

Recipients wi l l be chosen by an awards committee designated by the President of the Mycological Society of America. In addition, the agreement of the Director of the University of Michigan Herbarium (or its successor as custodian for Alex's specimens and materials relating to them) to have the potential recipient(s) work there must be obtained before the grant is awarded.

Additional Matters In case there are no suitable applicants who with to utilize

Alex's collections, the awards committee, at its discretion, may award grants to be used to support field work on the fleshy fungi of North America. Representative collections made while using such a grant are to be deposited at the University of Michigan Herbarium. Prior arrangement should be made with the Di- rector.

Recipients of these grants-in-aid are asked to give the Uni- versity of Michigan Herbarium a minimum of one copy of all publications based, at least in part, on studies made with the aid of these grants. A summary of activity as a grant recipient should be forwarded to the grant committee in a timely manner.

In compliance with Internal Revenue Service regulations, the recipient is asked to keep receipts of all expenditures made using grant funds. Such receipts may be necessary before complete funding of the proposal can be made.

Application deadline: 15 April 1993

Submit application to:

Dr. Timothy J. Baroni Department of Biological Sciences SUNY - College at Cortland PO Box 2000 Cortland, NY 13045

Mycological Obituary Prof. B. S. Mehrotra

Professor Brahma Swaroop Mehrotra was born on 10

October 1928 in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, and died on 13 August 1992 after a brief illness (a malignant brain tumor). He obtained his M.Sc. and D.Phil. degrees from Allahabad University. Professor Mehrotra joined the Allahabad University as lecturer in 1949 and was elevated to the position of Reader in 1966. He left the university in 1978 to joining the Kumaon University as Professor and Head of the Department of Botany, where he continued until 1985. During this period, he occupied served several prestigious positions at the University, including Dean of the Faculty of Science (1 980-84) and Vice-Chancellor (1 981 -82). He rejoined Allahabad University in March 1985 as Professor and Head of the Department of Botany until his retirement in October 1987. He continued in the

Department after his retirement as emeritus scientist of DST. Dr. Mehrotra was a mycologist of international repu- tation, and a distinguished authority on the Mucorales. He handled a number of projects and published over 150

papers in international journals. Over 30 students received doctorates under his supervision. He was an inspiring scientist and a cordial and affectionate human being. He had travelled widely and was invited to a number of national and international conferences, and was invited to contribute many chapters to special publications. It is especially notable that Prof. Mehrotra wrote a paperback textbook of mycology that was readily affordable by Indian students and contained much material on the common

fungi of India. Professor Mehrotra was a member of many scientific societies. In 1956, he received the coveted Professor Birbal Sahni gold Medal for his outstanding contributions.

When regis ter ing for the Annual Meeting in Athens,

DON'T FORGET THE FORAY AND WORKSHOPS!

These are educational, sociable and very interesting events

that can be of benefit to you and to the MSA.

Note: Throughout the News from the MSA Membership and Mycological Classified sections, names followed by a dot ( 0 ) indicate that their address, phone number, or fax number printed in the 1992 MSA Directory has been changed, and that the corrected infor-mation is included here or in a previous Inoculum.

Aguirre, C. C. - Departamento be Botanical lnstituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 70-233, Del. Coyoacan, Mexico, DF 0451 0, Mexico.

Barr Bigelow, Margaret E. - 94754 lnvemess Ave., Sidney, BC V8L 5G8, Canada

Burk, William R. - fax: 91 9-962-1 625 Cotter, Van - phone: 609-799-0400, ext. 2479;

fax: 609-275-3569 Constantinescu, Ovidiu - Botanical Museum, Uppsala

University, PO Box 541, S-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden; phone 18-1 82794; fax 18-508702.

Curry, Kenneth J. - University of South Mississippi, Box 501 8, Hattiesvurg, MS 39406-501 8; phone 601 -266- 4930; p h ~ 601 -266-5829.

Dugan, Frank M. - USDA-ARS Tree Fruit Research, 1 104 N Western. Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801; phone 509- 664-2280.

Dunn, Paul H. - Forest Insect & Disease Research, USDA Forest Service, 201 -1 4th St. S.W., Washington, DC 20250. Phone: 202-205-1 659; fax: 202-205-6207

Hutchison, Leonard J. - phone 403-435-7321 ; fax 403-492-4323.

Kuehn, Kevin A. - Dept. of Biology, University of Alabama, Tuskaloosa, AL 35487; phone 205-348-1 795.

Liu, Bo - Dept. of Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China [not ROC, as in Directory! 1

Lucarroti, Christopher J. - Forests Canada, PO Box 4000, Fredericton, NB UB 5P7, Canada; phone 506- 542-3538; f a 506-452-3525.

Mak, Mayling - Eastrelo Pte. Ltd., 291 Quality Road, Singapore 2261, Singapore.

Mallett, Ken - Forestry Canada, 5320-1 22 St., Edmon- ton, Alta. T6H 3S5, Canada; phone 403-435-7314;

fax 403-435-7359. Nakagiri, Akira - Institute for Fermentation, Osaka, 1 7-

85 Juso-honmachi 2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532, Japan

O'Dell, Thomas E. - 860 NW Van Buren #2, Corvallis, OR 97330; phone 503-757-3438.

Ovrebo, Clark L. - phone: 405-341 -2980, ext. 5783; fax 405-341 -4964

Siefert, Keith A. - CLBRR, Bldg. 49, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ont. K1 A OC6, Canada; phone 61 3-996-1 665, fax 61 3-943-0953.

Strack, Betty - Field Museum of Natural History, Dept. of Botany, Chicago, IL 60605; phone 31 2-922-941 0.

Taylor, John - phone 51 0-642-5366; fax 51 0-642-4995 [new area code].

Thorn, R. Greg - Center for Microbial Ecology, Mich- igan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; phone 51 7-355-9286; fax 51 7-355-291 7.

Tulloss, Rodham E. - fax: 609-639-31 97 Vilgalys, Rytas - Depr. of Botany, Duke University, Dur-

ham NC 27708-0338; phone 91 9-684-2870; fax 91 9-684-541 2.

Weber, Nancy S. - phone 503-737-6561; fax 503-737- 1393.

Wu, Mei-Lee - Taipei Municipal Teacher College, 1, Ai-Kuo West Rd., Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.; phone 02-31 13040, ext. 405.

Electronic Mail Addresses: NOTE: E-mail addresses will be requested on your MSA membership renewals, and will be published in the next MSA Directory. In the meantime, lnoculum will be happy to include electronic addresses of MSA members.

Baroni, T - BARONI%SNYCORVA.BlTN ET @CORNELLC.cit.cornelI.edu

Burk, WR - [email protected] Cochran, KW - [email protected]

OR userGDC6@umichum Cotter, V - [email protected] Dixon, D - Dennis-M.-Dixoneexec. niaid.pc.

niaid.nih.gov Dunn, P - >INTERNET /S=P.Dunn/OU=WOIC/

PRMD=USDA.FS.x400/@SPRINT.COM Hoch, H - [email protected] LaGreca, S - [email protected] Longcore, JE - [email protected] McCain, JW - [email protected] Palm, M - [email protected] Reynolds, DR - [email protected] Thorn, RC - 21 394RGTGlMSA.BITNET Tulloss, RE - [email protected] OR [email protected] Ullrich, R - [email protected] Vilgalys, R - [email protected] Walker, C - [email protected] Weber, NS - [email protected] Wright, JE - [email protected] Zak, JC - [email protected] .EDU

COMPUTERS and MYCOLOGY come together racefully

,+f,+.$% in both Norkshops to e held a t 5&\

! the MSA Annual Meeting in Athens, GA Go on the Foray ... then use a computer

to help identify and/or curate your specimens.

Where are you all? . a.:...- .

Paul Dunn* is heading an expanded national research program on ecosystem functions and beneficial ef fea of forest microbes YOU have been and arthropods within the USDA-FS Forest Insect and Disease Research staff. doing things,

going places, starting projects, moving,

-

T.E. Chase - (1) Molecular diagnostic techniques for the iden- getting promoted tification of races of Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea (Phytophthora sojae), utilizing PCR, RAPD and RFLP techniques. and SO forth. (2) Molecular variability within Macrophomina phaseolina utilizing PCR, RAPD, and RFLP techniques.

Whv hold back? ,<. Y

- - -

William C. Elsik is finalizing form generic descriptions for fossil fungal palynomorphs to;ubmitting hi; lecture notes from the AMP Fungal Palynomorph Short Course for publica- Share it all here!

Fungi Wanted Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea isolates representing known races T.E. Chase

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Coil. isolates T.E. Chase

Publications Wanted T. Petch (1 921 ), Studies in entomogenous fungi: II. The genera Hypocrella and Aschersonia. Rich Humber

Ammirati, JF et al., 1985, Poisonous Mushrooms of the Northern US and Canada. Rumack, BH, and E. Salzrnan (eds.), 1978, Mushroom Poisoning: Diagnosis, Treatment. [CRC Press]. Zoberi, MH, 1972, Tropical Macrofungi [Macmillan; London].

Amanita collections (s) with good field notes and, if possible, H. Thiers, Boletes of ~alifomia. H ~ h i i r s and AH Smith, Boletes color photographs. kod ~ ~ l l ~ ~ ~ . of Michigan. Mikola, Tropical Mycorrhizae. Lindey & Gilbert-

son, 1978, Basidiomycetes that Decay Aspen in North America Fresh (living) or dried specimens of Rarnalina arnericana and its [Cramer]. PD Orton, 1986, Pluteaceae. Brit. Fung. Flora #4. allies; fresh (living) material of other Rarnalina spp. Orton & Watling, 1978, Coprinus Brit. Fung. Flora #2

Scott LaGreca (Coprinaceae, Pt. 1 ). D. Reid, 1975, Type studies of the Larger Basidiomycetes Described from South Africa, Contrib. Bolus Herb. #7. F. Donson, 1979, Lichens: an Illustrated Guide

Identifications Available [Tichmond Publ., Co.]. Beihefte ziir Sydowia, ser. It; Vll l (1979, Festschrift fur Dr. Singer). Jorge E. Wright*

Amanita spp. (s); please inquire before sending. Rod Tulloss*

Publications Available Mycological Services Wanted Catalog of Strains, USDA-ARS Collection of Entornopathogenic

Volunteers to write keys and treatments for various genera and Fungal Cultures (December 1992; newly revised, extensively

families of ascomycetes for the New York Botanical Garden indexed treatment of ca. 3700 isolates from more than 250 taxa;

Flora of the Greater Antilles. 1 77 pp). Printed version only available on request, free of

Sabine Huhndorf charge. Rich Humber

Publications Available Mycotaxon, vols. 1-44 (complete run). Best offer. Please inquire: William R. Burke

Reprints, collection notes, and other research materials from the lab of F.K. Sparrow on the genus Physoderma are available to a library, herbarium, or someone studying Physoderma. Will send as a unit in exchange for shipping costs. Joyce Longcore.

Illustrations of Agarics of Changbai Mountains, China (1 986; Chinese), US# 12.00. A collection of Shanxi Phytopathological Works (1991; in Chinese), US$ 10.00; both items include surface postage). Bo Liu.

Four feet of unorganized reprints are available thanks to a move to a new building on the University of South Florida campus in early 1993; these reprints will be brought to the MSA meeting in Athens for your inspection and culling. Diane TeStrake

Mycological Services Wanted Volunteers to write keys and treatments for various genera and families of ascomycetes for the New York Botanical Garden Flora of the Greater Antilles. Sabine Huhndorf

Other Items Available Original watercolor paintings of boletes by William Hamilton Gibson, 1895, signed by the artist Best offer.

William R. Burke

Computer Software Available Hyphomycete Database: I will sell the rights to own a copy of a database of all hyphomycete combinations that have been published since 1940. It has nearly 22,000 records, 17,500 of which have journal or book references (the records without citations are basionyms published before 1940. All isonyms (nomenclaturally obligatory synonyms) show the basionym from which they were derived and basionyms show all isonyms derived from them since 1940. The database does not show taxonomic (facultative) synonym relationships. A copy of this first released version of the database will cost US$100.00; an additional US$10.00 will be charged for each additional format requested. It is available in HyperCard, Panarama, and ASCII formats for the Macintosh, and in ASCII format for MS-DOS computers (IBM compatibles). For the Mac, it comes on BOOK, 31/211 disks; for MS-DOS, it comes on either 7201(/311,", 1 .44M/3112", or 1 .2M/511qU disk formats requiring MS-DOS version 3.3 or higher. In the ASCII format, fields are separated with tabs and the records are separated by hard returns. To order, specify the type of computer you use (Mac or MS-DOS), file format (if for the Mac), size of disk (311zU or 51~4")~ and disk density (720K or 1.44M) that your computer i s able to read. Send order (specify Purchase Order Number if you prefer) to: Blaise Darveaux, 3250 Donald Ave., Eagan, MN (work phone 61 2-588-0836, home phone 61 2-454-51 72; fax 61 2-588-881 3). Blaise Daweaux

Important N o t e to All MSA Members!

All job and educational placement opportunities sent to Andy Methven, Chair of the Placement Committee, will be made immediately available for inspection by inquiry to Andy's E-mail addresses ([email protected] OR [email protected]

Vacancies Postdoctoral Positions, Molecular Genetics of Homeo- domain Mating-Type Genes and Target Genes in Schizo- phyllum commune. Mutagenesis of homeodomain genes to examine the self/nonself interaction which i s the basis for developmental activation, or use of antibody to study protein interactions, or study of regulated target genes. See PNAS 89:7169-7173 & 71 74-71 78 (1 992). Positions open: Spring 1993. Applicants must have experience in nucleic acids or proteins or antibodies. Submit resume and direct three letters of reference to Dr. Robert C. Ullrich [phone: (802)-656-0432], Department of Botany, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0086

Andrew E. Mellon Foundation Postdoctoral Positions in Plant Systematics (including Furigi) in the Department of Botany, Duke University. The Department of Botany of Duke University offers a two-year postdoctoral fellowship in plant systematics. This position has been made possible by an Andrew E. Mellon Foundation training grant. Appli- cants may apply to do research with any "plant" group (or across plant roups) including fungi. The award includes B stipend and ringe benefits plus some funds for research travel and supplies. The Department is particularly interested in fellows who will enhance our systematics program through interactions with graduate students and faculty in seminars, discussion groups, and involvement in research.

Applications for 2-year postdoctoral fellowships are due by May 1993. They should include a curriculum vitae, a research proposal including indications of any special strengths that the applicant will bring to the program, and copies of publications. Letters of recommendation should be sent by three people who are familiar with the research of the applicant.

Applications and letters of recommendation should be sent directly to the Chairman, Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706.

Postdoctoral position available immediately to study multiple chitin synthase genes in melanized fungal pathogens of humans. Project involves the roles these genes play in site-specific deposition of chitin during Ca2+ regulated polarized and nonpolarized development. Candidates must be experienced in molecular biology, including gene

expression, PCR, sequencing, and enomic and cDNA cloning. Send curriculum vitae an t f names of three references to: Dr. Paul J. Szaniszlo, Department of Micro- biology, University of Texas at Austin, TX 7871 2-1 095.

Assistant Professor of Plant Molecular Genetics. The Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan invites applications for a tenure-stream position at the Assistant Professor level in the area of plant molecular genetics. This position is subject to budgetary approval. Candidates should have a PhD degree and, preferably, additional research experience in recombinant DNA techniques. Candidates will have a strong background in plant molecular biology. The post will take effect 1 July 1993. In accordance with Canadian immigration requirements, this advertisement is directed to Canadian citizens and permanent residents. The University of Saskatechewan is committed to the principle of employment equity. Women candidates, candidates of aboriginal descent, and candidates from other minority groups are especially encouraged to apply. Send curriculum vitae and the names, addresses and telephone or fax numbers of at least three referees to: R.J.F. Smith, Dept. of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask., S7N OWO, Canada. Telephone (306) 966-4400, FAX (306) 966-4661, Electronic mail: [email protected]. The closing date for applications is 1 5 February 1 993 or thereafter until the position is filled.

Career Develo ment Awards Avai P able

Women's Faculty Awards. The Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, invites applications for nomination for NSERC Women's Faculty Awards. In compliance with NSERC guidelines, the applicant must be a female Canadian citizen or landed immigrant. A PhD is required, and postdoctoral experience is preferred. The Department is seeking a Botanist capable of teaching in our evolutionary survey courses and developing senior courses in her subject area. Preferred areas of research are aquatic biology, mycology, and plant morphology. Applicants should submit a curriculum vitae, names and addresses of three referees, a statement of research interests, and available reprints to: R.J.F. Smith, Head, Dept. of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada S7N OW0 by 1 5 February 1993. Preliminary inquiries are welcome by phone (306-966-4400), fax (306-966-4461 ) or E-Mail (SMITHRBSASK.USASK.CA).

Assistantships or Fellowships Available

our founder, Thomas H. Macbride. Applicants will be doctoral candidates or graduates whose work has a field component for which a summer at our biology station would be especially profitable. Applicants should be at the level of independent investigator. Lakeside Lab i s in northwestern lowa on recent glacial terrain, with adjacent lakes, wetlands, virgin prairie, prairie rivers, and pockets of forest. The lakes country is continuous to the north and the Great Plains to the west. our own 55 ha grounds bor- der large and deep West Okoboji Lake; we have forest and manipulable grassland. Conditions are rustic but not primitive, an air of relaxed intensity, and the food is unbelievable. Research labs are relatively new and we have a small library.

Interested applicants should write the director for more about the area and facilities. An application will contain a cover letter, curriculum vitae, and a 1-3 page synopsis of the proposed project. Specific reasons why our station i s so suitable are critical to the application. Two letters are requested, including one from the research sponsor. Applications will be considered up to 1 April 1993. Inquiries or applications should be directed to Robert W. Cruden, Acting Director; Department of Biological Sciences; The university of lowa; lowa City, IA 52242; phone 31 9-335-1 31 7 or 31 9-335-2620.

NIH-Supported Predoctoral Stipends are available at the University of Georgia to support students working in cellular and molecular biology of fungi. These assistantships are available to US citizens who enroll in any one of the four following departments: Botany, Biochemistry, Genetics, Plant Pathology. For information, contact Charles W. Mims, Dept. of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602; phone (706) 542-1 291.

Graduate Fellowships In Plant Systematics The Department of Botany of Duke University is

pleased to announce the availability of graduate fellowships in plant systematics, including systematic mycology. These fellowships have been made possible by a training grant from the A. W. Mellon Foundation. Applicants may pursue Ph.D. studies on any plant group (or across plant groups) including fungi (especially fungi!R Vilgalys). These prestigious awards include tuition, stipends and medical benefits. Separate funds are available for research, travel and laboratory supplies.

Applicants for the Ph.D. degree in Botany at Duke University wi I I be considered automatically for these fellowships if their applications indicate plans to study systematics. Applications may be obtained by writing to the Graduate School, Duke University, Box 90070, Durham, NC 27708-0070. The deadline for applications is January 4,1993. lnterested mycology students are encouraged to contact Rytas Vilgalys at the Department of Botany, Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338 [phone:919-684-2870, fax: 91 9-684-541 21.

Summer Fellowships in Field Biology. lowa Lakeside La- boratory announces Founder's Fellowships for the summer of 1993 in field biology for predoctoral students or recent PhD graduates. Stipends of up to $2,000. Fellows pay modest fees for room and board. The fellowships honor

This issue brings a couple of major articles reprinted from other newsletter (those of the Association of System- atics Collections and the International Union of Microbio- logical Sciences), as well as digested news releases from the NIH, AIBS, and AAAS to the editors of newsletters in the affiliated scientific societies. I felt that these articles would be of considerable interest to a large segment of the MSA membership. Let me know if you want more of this sort of article and don? hesitate to comment on the contents of these articles either! Please send me copies of similar items that you feel would be worthy inclusions for Inoculum.

It was a scramble for me to complete this issue to get it mailed out to you with enough time to allow your last second panic to complete and submit the abstracts that you let slide to the last second. Please note that your abstracts and applications for a place on the program for the MSA meeting in Athens must be submitted directly to Inoculum for early incorporation into the newsletter, and will be forwarded to Alan Jaworski from my office. This timing problem for the newsletter has necessitated push- ing back the deadline for the receipt of abstracts and applications for places on the program; you can thank Alan Jaworski's graciousness in accepting a later date in order to accommodate all of you while leaving him that much less time to arrange the program for the meeting. None- theless, it appears that planning for the meeting is going well, and you are all strongly encouraged to attend.

The early scheduling of the MSA Annual Meeting this year poses an interesting challenge to the intent to provide you with four relatively evenly spaced numbers of the newsletter each year. Because the abstracts for the Athens meeting are being submitted directly to the newsletter and then forwarded to the Program Committee, the abstracts, information on local arrangements, and schedule for the Athens meeting will appear in the April number of Inocu- lum. The third number will appear as soon after the June meeting as all of the committee reports, minutes, and MSA organizational roster can be prepared; i f all goes smooth- ly, this third number should be mailed in August. The fourth number will appear, as scheduled, in October.

Advertisements in lnoculum

After the publication of a new policy regarding the inclusion of biographies of newly deceased MSA members in the newsletter, you might be wondering what comes next. The answer to that i s paid advertisements of funda- mental interest to mycologists. The inclusion of ads has been considered and accepted by the officers and Council of the MSA and checked with the US Postal Service. The following will be the policy of lnoculum regarding the inclusion of advertisements:

lnoculum will accept paid advertisements for goods and services of direa interest to members of the MSA and to other mycologists, but cannot accept advertisements from travel agencies or from financial institutions or other firms offering financial services. Advertisements will be clearly denoted as such. Copy received after the closure date for a particular issue of lnoculum may, at the discretion of the Editor and availability of space, appear in the issue being prepared or will appear in the following issue. Advertisers may submit copy for direct reproduction or may request the Editor to set the copy in an appropriate form (to be approved by the advertiser). Be sure that copy for direa reproduction conforms as closely as is reasonably possible with the page mar- gins and column spacing used in the newsletter. The rate for advertisements will be $1 00.00 per page, or $25, $50, or $75 for appropriate fractions of a page, payable upon submission of copy by means of a check made out to the order of Mycological Society of America - MSA Newsletter. All receipts for advertisements will be used to defray the production and distribution costs for lnoculum, the MSA Newsletter.

The contents of advertisements in lnoculum is the sole responsibility of the advertiser. The inclusion of advertisements does not indicate any specific or implied endorsement, warranty, or guarantee of the advertised goods or services by the MSA or any of its officers.

The deadline for the receipt of YOU are encouraged to submit all items by electronic mail if

items for the next newsletier is: this is reasonable for you Please send items that are longer than a few lines on computer disks labelled with the format (DOS or MAC), word processing software, and title Friday, 9 April 1993 01 the file with your items. Include hard COW of all items!

SUSTAINING MEMBERS OF THE MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA

The MSA is extremely grateful for the continuing support of its Sustaining Members. Please patronize them and, whenever possible, let their representatives

know of our appreciation.

American Cyanamid Company Agricultural Research Division. Princeton, NJ 08543-0400

Discovery and development of crop protection and animal health products for manufacture and marketing throughout the world.

American Cyanamid Company Medical Research Division Pearl River, NY 10965

Amgen Incorporated Dr. Daniel Vapnek Amgen Center, 1840 DeHaviland Drive Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1 789

Biopharmaceutical research and development

Amycel, Inc P.O. Box 1260, 553 Mission Vineyard Rd., San Juan Bautista, CA 95045-1260

Producers of quality Agaricus and exotic mushroom spawn

Analytab Products 200 Express Street, Plainview, NY 1 1803

Com~lete line of ~roducts for the miaobiology laboratory, including identification, susce~tibilitv, imtrumentation, and a new line of diagnostic virology tests

Buckman Laboratories, Inc P.O. Box 080305, Memphis, TN 381084305

Specialists in industrial microorganism control since 1945.

Burroughs Wellcome Co. Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Division, 3030 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709

Discovery and development of crop protection and animal health products for manufacture and marketing throughout the world.

Camlina Biological Supply Company 2700 York Road, Burlington, NC 2721 5 (919) 584-0381 telex 574-354

Sewing science education since 1927.

Dow Elanco 4040 Vincennes Circle, Suite 601, Indianapolis, IN 46268

A global agricultural products company

DuPont Company Science and Engineering Laboratories Life Sciences Division, E402/2231, Wilmington, DE 19880-0402

Fungi PerFecti P.O. Box 7634, Olympia, WA 98507 (206) 426-9292 fax (206) 426-9377

Innovators in the domestication of wild edible fungi. Paul Stamets, President.

Genencor International 180 Kimbal Way, S. San Francisco, CA 94080

Haarmann & Reimer Corp. A Bayer USA Inc. Company, Springfield. NJ 07081

Hoechst-Roussel Phannaceuticals, Inc Dr. Beatrice G. Abrams, Route 202-206, Sornme~ille, NJ 08876

Hoffman-LaRoche, Inc. Dr. R. Cleeland, Bldg. 58R, 340 Kingland St., Research Division Nutley, NJ 071 10-1 199

The R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Re- search Institute A Research and Development Manage- ment group for Johnson & Johnson pharmaceutical companies.

La Jolla, CA - Raritan, NJ - Spring House, PA - Toronto, Canada - Zurich, Switzerland

Lab-Line Instruments, Inc Lab-Line Plaza. Melrose Park, IL 60160

Manufacturer of constant temperature and other types of laboratory equipment

Lane Science Equipment Co. 225 West 34th Street, Suite 1412, New York, NY 10122-1496

Complete line of mushroom storage cabinets, especialiy herbarium cabinets, airtight for permanent protection

Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly & Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285

Merck Research Laboratories Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065

Mycosearch, Inc Five Oaks Office Park, Suite 6, 4905 Pine Cone Drive, Durham, NC 27707

Mycotaxon, Ltd. P.O. Box 264, Ithaca, NY 14851

Publishers of Mycotaxon, an international journal of the taxonomy and nomenclature of fungi and lichens

My-Solutions P.O. Box 1219, Webster, NY 14580

Nor-Am Chemical Company 3509 Silverside Road. P.O. Box 7495 Wilmington, DE 19803

Pfizer, Inc 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017

Fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals by means of microorganisms

Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnson, Iowa 5013, (515) 270-4100

Rohm and Haas Co. Research Laboratories, Dr. Willie Wilson 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, PA 19477

Specialty monomers, industrial biocides, and agricultural chemicals

Sandoz Pharma LM. CH4002 Basel, Switzerland

Schering Corporation Orange Street], Bloomfield, NJ 07003-4799

Pharmaceutical research and development

Spawn Mate, Inc P.O. Box 1990, Santa Cruz, CA 95061

Triarch Incorporated Ripon, WI 54971

Quality prepared microscope slides, catalog-listed, or custom-prepared to your specifications

Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc 70 Amity Road, Bethany, CT 06525

Producers of crop protectionlproduction chemicals; fungicides, insecticides, miticides, herbicides, plant growth regulatns, and foliar nutrients

University of South Florida Foundation, Mycological Research Fund Department o f Biology, University o f South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620

The Upjohn Company, Upjohn Laboratories 301 Henrietta Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007

Warner-Lambert Company Pharmaceutical Research Division, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 481061047

Research reagentsfor the amateur and field & forest products, inc professional mycologist N3296 Kozuzek Road, Peshtigo, WI 54157

Producers of specialty mushrwm spawn

An Invitation to Join MSA THE MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA

APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP Beginning January 1993

(Please print clearly!)

NAME:

MAILING ADDRESS

TELEPHONE: ( ZIP CODE:

FAX: ( E-MA1 L:

AREAS OF INTEREST: (Mark each appropriate category)

Cell Biology - Physiology Genetics - Molecular Biology including cytological, ultrastructural, metabolic, including transmission, population and molecular regulatory and developmental aspects of fungal cells genetics, and molecular mechanisms of gene expression

Ecology - Pathology Systematics - Evolution including phytopathology, medical mycology, including taxonomy, comparative morphology, symbiotic associations, saprobic relationships molecular systematics, phylogenetic inference, and and community structure/dynamics population biology

Signature of member* endorsing application:

Printed name of endorsing member:

* If you do not know an MSA member, please send this form to any MSA officer for endorsement.

DUES INFORMATION Regular Member $60 (includes Mywlogia and MSA Newsletter)

Student Member $30 (includes Mycologia and MSA Newsletter)

Life Member $1,000 (one-time payment; includes Mycologia and MSA Newsletter)

Family $60 plus $30 for each additional family member (submit separate forms for each applicant; families receive one set of Mywlogia and USA Newsletter)

The MSA cannot process credit card payments.

Make checks payable in US dollars drawn on a US bank to:

The Mycological Society of America Mail membership form and payment to: Dr. Timothy J. Baroni, MSA Treasurer P.O. Box 2000 Department of Biological Sciences Cortland College, SUNY Cortland, NY 13045 USA

I

noculum Richard A. Humber, Edittar US Plant, Soil & Nutrition Laboratory Tower Road lthaca, New York 14853-2901

Newsletter of the Mycological Society of America phone (office): 607-255-1276 phone (home): 607-272-6801

QUESTIONNAIRE Information for the Newsletter

Submit this sheet or other material to the Editor at your earliest convenience. Early submission of material will expedite the preparation and issuance of Inoculum. lnoculurn will be issued four times a year, in January, April, Oc- tober, and a month before the Annual Meeting (with the program, abstracts and other related material).

o o Please be sure that information for the Newsletter is legible (preferably, readable by scanning software).

fax: 607-55-2459 Internet: [email protected]

I strongly encourage you to send text on 3.5 inch disks in Apple Macintosh or lBM/compatible formats. In addition to ASCII text files, word processing files created by MacWrite, MS-Word, or WriteNow (for Macintosh computers) or by MS-Word or Word Perfect (for IBM or compatible computers) can be used. Send both the disk and hard copy of the material and a self- addressed stamped envelope (if you wish the disk back). Submissions by electronic mail to my Internet mailbox (see above) are also encouraged.

Name: [ ] Address change.

Editor will transmit changes marked here to the MSA Secretary and to Mycologia

I Phone: [ ] Newphonenumber.

I Fax: [ ] New? E-mail: [ ] New?

SUGGESTED ITEMS FOR SUBMISSION: [Use the current

, lnoculum as a model] :

Major and minor news items of interest to MSA memben

Announcements to MSA Forthcoming events,

meet ings, workshops, etc. Official business of MSA

and its committees News from affiliated societies New research projects Mycological essays Mycological humor Mycological artwork Foray checklists Changes in affiliation Honor, awards or

promotions received Mycological travel Other pemnal news Letters to the Editor Fungi wanted or available Mycological services

available or needed Publications available

or sought Computer software

available or sought Employment available

or mug ht Fellowships available or

sought ... or anything else you

feel is appropriate!

uw Use the back or attach additional pages as needed! %a

PROGRAM ANNOUNCEMENT, REGISTRATION, HOUSING MATERIALS,

and FINAL CALL FOR PAPERS

1993 ANNUAL MEETING of the MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA

June 19-23,1993 Georgia Center for Continuing Education

University o f Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602

The 1993 Annual Meeting of the Mycological Society of ~mer ica will be held June 19-23 at the Georgia Center for Continuing Education on the campus of the University of Georgia in Athens. A foray is scheduled for Saturday, June 20, with paper sessions and symposia beginning on Sunday morning, June 20. The meeting should be over by noon on Wednesday, June 23. Abstract forms are included in this issue of the Newsletter and are due in the hands of the Newsletter Editor [not the Program Chairman!] by February 24,1993.

The Georgia Center has recently been completely remodeled and updated, and is a full service meeting facility with more than 200 hotel rooms. The facility has a snack bar that serves breakfast and lunch as well as an excellent restaurant. The facility is also next door to a university cafeteria. All platform and poster sessions, as well as special lectures, will be presented in the Georgia Center. The only 'off-site' events include the foray and the Social/Auction. Transportation will be provided for both of these events.

While it is possible to fly directly into Athens Municipal Airport from Charlotte, NC, most of you coming from the West will probably find that it is cheaper to fly into Atlanta's Hartsfield International Airport. Hartsfield Air- port is about 90 minutes away from Athens via ground transportation and is served by AAA Airport Express (706-725-5563). This is a dependable shuttle service, but be sure to call ahead for reservations. The cost of the shuttle service is currently about $50 for a round trip ticket. You will be dropped off directly at the Geor- gia Center or at the Holiday Inn. If you identify yourself as a Georgia Center conferee, discounted rates may apply. Athens may be reached by US Highways 29, 78, 129, and 441; interstate highways 1-85 and 1-20 are nearby. Parking is in the South Campus Parking Deck adjacent to the Georgia Center on Lumpkin Street at a cost of $4 per 24-hour period parked.

Registration information is provided in this mailing. To avoid a late fee of $20, you should have your registration materials postmarked no later than June 8,1993. To cancel your registration, make a substitution, or to confirm your registration, call 706-542-1 234. A fee of $1 5 will be assessed for cancellations received after June 8, 1993.

This year's foray will be conducted on Saturday, June 19, in the North Georgia Mountains about 2 hours from Athens. Present plans are to conduct the foray in the Chattahoochee National Forest, which is located in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains in North Georgia. the first stop is planned at DeSoto Falls, an area with mixed hardwood and pine. Additional stops will be made, as time permits, at Hogpen Gap and Testnatee Gap, an area of higher elevation near the Appalachian Trail. This is a mixed oak-hickory area with many downed trees. the foray will end at Unicoi State Park for lunch. Buses will depart the Georgia Center at 7:30 AM and return at approximately 3:30 PM. Laboratory space will be available in the Department of Plant Pa- thology near the Georgia Center for drying and/or examination of specimens. The cost of the foray is $1 5 per person. This cost includes transportation and a picnic lunch. To reserve a space on the foray, be sure to check

the appropriate space on the registration form. For additional or more specific information regarding the foray, contact Richard T. Hanlin at 706-542-1 280 or FAX 706-542-1 262.

The Social and Auction will be held Monday evening, June 21, at 7 PM at the Georgia State Botanical Gar- den. The Garden is about a 10-1 5 minute drive from the Georgia Center. Buses will depart the Georgia Center at 6:45 PM. This event will be held indoors in a very nice facility. Refreshments and a light buffet will be served. Cost of the event is $20 per person. NOTE: Items for the auction should be sent to David Porter, De- partment of Botany, UGA, Athens, CA 30602. If you plant to bring items for the auction with you, please let David know ahead of time by calling him at 706-542-1 782 or FAX 706-542-1 805. Letts make this our largest and best auction ever. Remember, all proceeds go into the MSA Endowment Fund.

The Annual Business Meeting and Awards Ceremony will take place following an evening banquet at the Georgia Center on Tuesday, June 22. The cost of the banquet is included in the registration fee.

For additional information regarding the meeting, contact Charles W. Mims at 706-542-1 291 or FAX 706-542- 1262. Questions regarding the program should be addressed to Alan Jaworski at 706-542-1 868 or FAX 706- 542-1 805. For questions regarding the facilities available at the Georgia Center, call Ms. Norma Reed at 706- 542-6658 or FAX 706-542-5990.

PREMEETINC WORKSHOPS

Two premeeting workshops are planned for Friday, June 18, at the Georgia Center..

Workshop #I is titled 'PolyKey - A Computerized, Synoptic Key to the Polyporaceous Fungi of North Amer- ica' and will be conducted by Dr.s. 1. E. Adaskaveg and R. L. Gilbertson. This workshop will include an introduction to polypores of North America, a guide to the operation and principles of PolyKey, and practice in identification of unknown polypores using PolyKey. Computers (one per participant), specimens and drawin s

will be available to assist participants in learning to identify polyporaceous, wood rotting fungi. Space and f of specimens, copies of North American Polypores by R. L. Gilbertson and L. Ryvarden, and PolyKey manua s

computers are limited and thus registration will be limited to 24 people. For information regarding the workshop, contact Dr. ). E. Adaskaveg, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 [phone 91 6-752-031 0; FAX 91 6-752-56741. Cost for this workshop will be $1 5 per person. NOTE: To reserve a space in this workshop, send you check made payable to The Mycological Society of Americaf to: Charles W. Mims, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, CA 30602.

Workshop #2 is titled 'Computers and Specimen Information' and will be conducted by Dr. David Farr. This workshop will run from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM and will include a morning lecture and discussion session and an afternoon demonstration and hands-on computer session. The workshop is intended primarily for people interested in developing procedures for the use of computers in managing specimen label data and associated morphological and nomenclatural information. The goal of the workshop is to provide the basic information needed to initiate a program that will automate specimen collection data to meet institutional needs but also permit integration of data into individual research programs. To reinforce the principles discussed, participants will have an opportunity to enter data on their own using provided software. Space and computers will be limited and thus registration will be limited to 20 people. For information on this workshop, contact Dr. David Farr, SBML, Rm. 304, Bldg. 011 A, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705 [phone 301-504-5274; FAX 301-504- 54351. The cost of the workshop is 15 per person. NOTE: To reserve a space in this workshop, send your check made payable to The Mycological Society of Americaf to: Charles W. Mims, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.

REGISTRATION FORM Mail Registration and Housing Reservations to: Eatlq Refb tta tion Deadline: 8 June 1993 MSA 1993-1 2348, Georgia Center for Continuing Education,

The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-3603

(full name) (first name for name tag) (Social Security #)

(affiliation) (daytime phone)

(mailing address)

(city) (state) (71 r) (Country)

PLEASE COMPLETE FOR THE CENTER STATISTICAL RECORD: Education completed: high school [ I college [ I graduate work I , Age group: under 22 I I 22-35 [ 1 36-55 [ I over 55 I 1 Sex: male I I female [ 1 University of Georgia Alumnus: yes [ ] no[ 1 RaceIEthnic origin [information volunfaril~ supplied by the participant so that the University can comply with various reporting guidelines: White [ I African American [ 1 Hispanic [ ]

American Indian or Alaskan Native [ 1 Asian or Pacific Islander [ ]

MEDICAL DIETARY RESTRICTIONS: Check here and enclose details.

SPECIAL PHYSICAL ACCOMMODATIONS: Check here and enclose details.

REGISTRATION FEE (check one) Note: registration fee includes costs of lunches on June 20 and 21, and evening banquet on June 22.

Regular member (letter postmarked before June 8) - $1 00.00 Regular member, late registration - $1 20.00 Student (letter postmarked before June 89) - $80.00 Student, late registration - $1 00.00 Registration cost = $

ANNUAL FORAY: (check one) 1- do 1 do not plant to participate in the foray Cost per person is $1 5.00 Forav cost = $

SOCIAL AND AUCTION: (check one) 1- do / do not plant to participate in the Social and Auction. Cost per person is $20.00 SocialIAucti on cost :

EXTRA TICKETS: Banquet ($1 5.00 per person) - # wanted Social/Auction ($20.00 per person) - # wanted Total ticket cost = $

METHOD OF PAYMENE (check one) Check (payable to 'University of Georgia')

For credit cards, provide (1 ) name on card, (2) card number, and (3) expiration date:: Vl SA

Mastercard

HOUSING INFORMATION and RESERVATIONS

Blocks of rooms have been reserved at both the Georgia Center and the Holiday Inn until June 4, 1993. The Holiday inn is adjacent to campus near the downtown area, approximately one mile from the Georgia Center. The Holiday Inn will provide a courtesy shuttle to and from the Georgia Center. It also is possible to take UGA buses (no cost) to the downtown area hear the Holiday Inn. A limited number of dorm rooms also are available for the meeting. The dorm is within walking distance of the Georgia Center and is served by the UGA bus system which stops at the Georgia Center.

To request housing, please complete and return this form along with your registration form. Do not send money for housing. NOTE: The Georgia Center will not assign roommates. Those wishing to shar a room must submit their housing requests together. If you choose to stay at the Georgia Center, the phone number at which you can be reached during your stay is 706-548-1 31 1.

[ I male [ I female (full name) (please check)

(daytime phone number)

(mailing address)

(city) (state) (ZIP) (Country)

Roomate's name: (Requests must be submitted together)

Housing Requested:

Dates: [ ] TH, 611 7* [ 1 FR, 6/18 [ 1 SAT, 6/19, [ 1 SUN, 6/20, [ 1 MON 6/21, [ 1 TUEJ 6/22

Room preference: non-smoking smoking

Location: (circle site and check type of room below)

Georgia Center single: [ 1 standard, $42 [ 1 preferred, $5 1 double: [ 1 standard, $49 [ I preferred, $55

Holiday Inn single: [ I $51 double: [ I $55

Dorm Room single: [ I $11 double: [ ] $ I 8

NOTE: Housing is not available at the Georgia Center on Thurday. If your choice of housing for the meeting is the Georgia Center, and you need housing on Thursday, you will be assigned to the Holiday Inn for Thursday night.

Preparation and Submission o f Abstracts for the 1993 MSA Annual Meeting

SAMPLE ABSTRACT:

Growing Pleurofus, Cantharellus and other basidiocarps in your basement as a mycology class project (not to mention for fun and profit!)

ANITA DARKPLACE, Mike 0. Logist, and *Harry Mycelium. Dept. of Botany, Cryptogam College, Stroma, New Pork 149994001, and *Compost Utilization, Inc., 123 Horse Barn Road, Farmville, New Pork 14999-0022.

The whole abstract must fit in a 3.75 x 8 inches (9.8 x 20.5 cm) space. The type or font used should be readable and of a size yielding 10-20 characters per inch. Lf possible, do italicize names of genera and species; do not use right justification of lines. Avoid using hyphens. CAPITALIZE the name of the person presenting the paper. If the family and given names of any author might be confused (causing a wrong entry in the Authors' Index to be published in Inoculum), underline the family name. Type the title (without a

Further guidance for preparing abstracts:

Print or type your abstract on a separate sheet together with your name, address, phone, and electronic mail address (if any). Follow instructions in the sample and below to prepare and to submit absfracts and applications for a place on the program.

Be sure that the abstract fits within a 3.75 x 8 inch column.

If you are cannot send a copy of the abstract on a computer disk, be sure that the printed copies are a standard typeface or font to facilitate scannin Serifed fonts (such as that in which t 71' e sample abstract is set) may be somewhat easier to scan than sans serif fonts (e.g., Gothic, Helvetica, or the font in which these instructions are set).

You may use such character formatting as italics and bold if you choose.

final period!) before the authors and their addresses. Start all typing on the left margin. Please skip some Do not use right/left justification of line

lengths; this greatly complicates the space (between a half and a full line) after the title, editting of abstacts that may have to be authors/addresses, and each paragraph in the text. scanned. As soon as you can - but BEFORE 19 FEBRUARY 1993 -send 2 covies of your application for a place on the program and abstract [and, if possible, a 3.5 inch computer disk with the abstract1 to Richard A. Humber fUSDA-ARS Plant, Soil €3 Nutrition Lab, Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853-29011. Label disks with your name, address, and format (Macintosh or MS- DOS); abstract files may be in ASCII or a word processing format. Formatted Macintosh files may be in MS-Word, Mac- Write, or WriteNow; convert Wordperfed for Mac to another format. Formatted M!3- DOS files should be in MS-Word or Wordperfect (4.0 or 5.1 are OK). Include a self-addressed, stamped envelope if you want your disk returned. The newsletter editor will forward your abstract and application for a place on the program to Alan Jaworski, Program Chair, Dept. of Botany, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Enquiries about LATE submission of abstracts and applications for a place on the program must be addressed directly to Dr. Jaworski.

Do not end of the title with a period.

Use a period to separate the authors' names from their addresses. Underline family names of authors if there may be any confusion about which name to list in the authors' index. Where three or more authors represent two or more institutions, use the simplest, shortest means of noting the correct address for each author (see the sample abstact; other examples may be found in last year's abstracts, lnoculum 43, no. 1-31.

The Editor of lnoculum reserves the right to edit the contents of your abstracts to correct spelling, punctuation, or other simple errors.

Submit 2 copies of fhe abstract and your Application for a Place on the Program for each presentation you plan to make.

SUBMISSION DEADLINE FOR ABSTRACTS AND SPACE ON THE PROGRAM: 24 February 1993

Application for a Place on the Program a t the MSA Annual Meeting

19-23 June 1993 Georgia Center for Continuing Education University of Georgia Athens, Georgia

The title of my oral or poster presentation will be: GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH PRIZES If the first author and presenter of this paper i s now a graduate student (or received a graduate degree in the last year), do you wish this paper to be considered in . the judging for these awards? Previous recipients of these prizes are ineligible.

I prefer to present it as a: D YES D NO

0 Poster AUTHORS and INSTITUTIONAL ADDRESSES

Contributed oral talk List each author and his or her address as you wish it [I 5 minutes maximum, including discussion] to appear in the pro ram. Put an asterisk (*) 1 before the name oft e presenter's name. Give com-

plete addresses; this sheet will be separated from ab- 0 Symposium or other invited oral talk stracts upon receipt. (session organizers will indicate total time) Title of symposium session:

SUBJECT CATEGORY of contributed papers and posters:

0 Physiology and Biochemistry

0 Cytology and Ultrastructure

0 Ecology and Population Biology

0 Genetics and Molecular Biology

a Morphology and Taxonomy

Class(es) or order(s) of fungi to be discussed:

Send 2 copies of both this application and your abstract Name of person submitting applicationlabstract: for each presentation you plan to make, and (if possible) an ASCII or word processing file of your abstract on a 3.5" computer disk to: phone:

Richard A. Humber fax: USDA-ARS Plant, Soil & Nutrition Lab. Tower Road E-mail: Ithaca, New York 14853

Deadline to submit Applications I and Abstracts is 24 February 1993. Copy this form as many times as needed. I I

Documents

Featured Viewpoint: Another Tradition Outmoded? …1).pdf · Featured Viewpoint: Is Another Tradition Outmoded? Charging Fees for Taxonomic Services Reprinted with permission from