Feature Description - Huawei - Building A Better · Web viewTDLOFD-001082 Inter-BBU Adaptive SFN/SDMA Interference Handling TDLOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining Availability

eLTE 2.2 DBS3900

Optional Feature Description

Issue 03

Date 2013-11-28

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved.No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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eLTE 2.2 DBS3900 Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance

Contents

About This Document........................................................................ii1 Radio & Performance.....................................................................6

1.1 LTE 2 Antenna...................................................................................................................................................61.1.1 TDLOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO............................................................................................................61.1.2 TDLOFD-001030 Support of UE Category 2/3/4....................................................................................7

1.2 LTE 4 Antenna...................................................................................................................................................81.2.1 TDLOFD-001049 Single Streaming Beamforming.................................................................................81.2.2 TDLOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity...............................................................................91.2.3 TDLOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO..................................................................................................10

1.5 Interference Handling......................................................................................................................................111.5.1 TDLOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining.....................................................................111.5.2 TDLOFD-001094 Control Channel IRC................................................................................................121.5.3 TDLOFD-001075 SFN...........................................................................................................................131.5.4 TDLOFD-002008 Adaptive SFN/SDMA...............................................................................................14

1.6 UL CoMP.........................................................................................................................................................151.6.1 TDLOFD-001066 Intra-eNodeB UL CoMP...........................................................................................15

1.7 QoS..................................................................................................................................................................161.7.1 TDLOFD-001026 Optional uplink-downlink subframe configuration..................................................161.7.2 TDLOFD-001015 Enhanced Scheduling...............................................................................................201.7.3 TDLOFD-001028 TCP Proxy Enhancer (TPE)......................................................................................221.7.4 TDLOFD-001027 Active Queue Management (AQM).........................................................................231.7.5 TDLOFD-001029 Enhanced Admission Control...................................................................................241.7.6 TDLOFD-001054 Flexible User Steering..............................................................................................251.7.7 TDLOFD-001059 UL Pre-allocation Based on SPID............................................................................261.7.8 TDLOFD-001109 DL Non-GBR Packet Bundling................................................................................271.7.9 TDLOFD-001076 CPRI Compression...................................................................................................28

1.8 Signaling Storm & Terminal Battery Life Saving...........................................................................................291.8.1 TDLOFD-001105 Dynamic DRX..........................................................................................................29

1.9 High Speed Mobility........................................................................................................................................301.9.1 TDLOFD-001007 High Speed Mobility................................................................................................301.9.2 TDLOFD-001008 Ultra High Speed Mobility.......................................................................................31

2 Networking & Transmission & Security..........................................3202 (2013-06-06) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

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2.1 Transmission & Synchronization.....................................................................................................................322.1.1 TDLOFD-003011 Enhanced Transmission QoS Management..............................................................322.1.2 TDLOFD-003012 IP Performance Monitoring......................................................................................342.1.3 TDLOFD-003018 IP Active Performance Measurement.......................................................................362.1.4 TDLOFD-003013 Enhanced Synchronization.......................................................................................382.1.5 TDLOFD-003016 Different Transport Paths based on QoS Grade........................................................402.1.6 TDLOFD-001134 Virtual Routing & Forwarding..................................................................................41

2.2 Security............................................................................................................................................................422.2.1 TDLOFD-001010 Security Mechanism.................................................................................................422.2.2 TDLOFD-003009 IPsec.........................................................................................................................442.2.3 TDLOFD-003010 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)...............................................................................452.2.4 TDLOFD-003014 Integrated Firewall....................................................................................................472.2.5 TDLOFD-003015 Access Control based on 802.1x...............................................................................48

2.3 Reliability.........................................................................................................................................................492.3.1 TDLOFD-001018 S1-flex......................................................................................................................492.3.2 TDLOFD-003004 Ethernet OAM..........................................................................................................512.3.3 TDLOFD-003005 OM Channel Backup................................................................................................522.3.4 TDLOFD-003006 IP Route Backup.......................................................................................................522.3.5 TDLOFD-003007 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection.........................................................................532.3.6 TDLOFD-003008 Ethernet Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad).............................................................54

3 O&M............................................................................................563.1 SON Self-Configuration..................................................................................................................................56

3.1.1 TDLOFD-002001 Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR).....................................................................563.1.2 TDLOFD-002007 PCI Collision Detection & Self-Optimization..........................................................58

3.2 SON Self-Optimization....................................................................................................................................603.2.1 TDLOFD-001032 Intra-LTE Load Balancing........................................................................................603.2.2 TDLOFD-001123 Enhanced Intra-LTE Load Balancing.......................................................................613.2.3 TDLOFD-002005 Mobility Robust Optimization (MRO).....................................................................61

3.3 SON Self-Healing............................................................................................................................................633.3.1 TDLOFD-002011 Antenna Fault Detection...........................................................................................633.3.2 TDLOFD-002012 Cell Outage Detection and Compensation...............................................................63

3.4 Power Saving...................................................................................................................................................653.4.1 TDLOFD-001039 RF Channel Intelligent Shutdown............................................................................653.4.2 TDLOFD-001040 Low Power Consumption Mode...............................................................................663.4.3 TDLOFD-001041 Power Consumption Monitoring..............................................................................663.4.4 TDLOFD-001042 Intelligent Power-Off of Carriers in the Same Coverage.........................................673.4.5 TDLOFD-001056 PSU Intelligent Sleep Mode.....................................................................................683.4.6 TDLOFD-001070 Symbol Power Saving..............................................................................................693.4.7 TDLOFD-001071 Intelligent Battery Management...............................................................................70

3.5 Antenna Management......................................................................................................................................723.5.1 TDLOFD-001024 Remote Electrical Tilt Control..................................................................................72


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1 Radio & Performance

1.1 LTE 2 Antenna1.1.1 TDLOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMOAvailability

This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN1.0.

SummaryHuawei LTE TDD eRAN1.0 supports DL 2x2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), 2-antenna transmit diversity, and adaptive MIMO schemes between UEs and eNodeBs, improving system downlink performance.

BenefitsThis feature significantly improves downlink system throughput and coverage performance and also provides good user experience by offering higher data rates.

DescriptionThe downlink 2x2 MIMO is critical to the LTE outperforming the legacy system. Both space diversity and spatial multiplexing are supported as defined in LTE specifications. Huawei eNodeBs support two DL 2x2 MIMO modes:

Transmit diversity Open-loop spatial multiplexing

If two transmit antennas are configured for the eNodeB, the eNodeB adaptively selects one of the two modes based on the UE rate and downlink channel quality.

Transmit diversity is a solution to mitigate signal fading and interference. By providing several signal branches that present independently varying signal levels, the robustness of the radio link creates a low probability that all signal copies are simultaneously in deep fading.


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Spatial multiplexing is a technique to transmit independent and separately encoded data signals, known as streams, from each of the transmit antennas that results in the space dimension being reused, or multiplexed. If the transmitter is equipped with Ntx antennas and the receiver has Nrx antennas, the maximum spatial multiplexing order is Ns = min (Ntx, Nrx). If the spatial channels are independent of each other (that is, Ns different data streams are transmitted over several independent spatial channels), it leads to an Ns increase of the spectrum efficiency or capacity.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThe eNodeB must be configured with two transmit channels and two antennas per sector, and the UE must be configured with a minimum of two antennas for receiving.

1.1.2 TDLOFD-001030 Support of UE Category 2/3/4Availability


SummaryAn eNodeB must obtain the signaled UE radio access capability parameters when configuring and scheduling the UE. There are five categories defined in the protocol. When this feature is enabled, eNodeBs support UE categories 2, 3, and 4.

BenefitseNodeBs support UE categories 2, 3, and 4.

DescriptionThe following table lists the downlink physical layer parameter values in the ue-Category field.

UE Category

Maximum Number of DL-SCH Transport Block Bits Received Within a TTI

Maximum Number of Bits of a DL-SCH Transport Block Received Within a TTI

Total Number of Soft Channel Bits

Maximum Number of Supported Layers for DL Spatial Multiplexing

Category 1 10296 10296 250368 1

Category 2 51024 51024 1237248 2

Category 3 102048 75376 1237248 2

Category 4 150752 75376 1827072 2


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The following table lists the uplink physical layer parameter values in the ue-Category field.

UE Category Maximum Number of Bits of an UL-SCH Transport Block Transmitted Within a TTI

Support for UL 64QAM

Category 1 5160 No

Category 2 25456 No

Category 3 51024 No

Category 4 51024 No

The following table lists the total layer-2 buffer sizes in the ue-Category field.

UE Category Total Layer-2 Buffer Size (Kbytes)

Category 1 150

Category 2 700

Category 3 1400

Category 4 1900

EnhancementNone

DependenciesUEs must support the same category as eNodeBs.

1.2 LTE 4 Antenna1.2.1 TDLOFD-001049 Single Streaming BeamformingAvailability


SummaryThis feature provides good user experience by offering higher data rates.


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BenefitsThis feature can significantly improve the system throughput (especially for CEUs) and coverage performance in the uplink and downlink.

DescriptionThe classical technique of using an antenna array for transmitting energy in the direction of the intended receiver falls into the category of improving SINR. Beamforming achieves increased SINR by adjusting the phase of signals transmitted on different antennas with the aim of making the signals add-up constructively on the receiver. Huawei LTE TDD eRAN2.1 provides support on DL 8x2 and DL 4x2 Beamforming.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThe eNodeB must be configured with a minimum of four antennas for transmission.

This feature cannot be used in the LampSite solution.

This feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs

UEs must support transmission mode 7 (TM7) for single streaming beamforming, which is defined in 3GPP Release 8 specifications.

This feature cannot work when the eNodeB bandwidth is 5 MHz.

This feature cannot be used with the following features:

TDLOFD-001031 Extended CP TDLOFD-001007 High Speed Mobility TDLOFD-001008 Ultra High Speed Mobility

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1.2.2 TDLOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive DiversityAvailability


SummaryReceive diversity is a common type of multiple-antenna technology to improve signal reception and to mitigate signal fading and interference. It improves network capacity and data rates. In addition to UL 2-antenna receive diversity, Huawei eNodeBs also support 4-antenna receive diversity.

BenefitsThis feature improves uplink coverage and throughput.


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DescriptionReceive diversity is a technique to mitigate signal fading and interference. Multiple frequencies may be monitored from the same signal source or the same frequency may be monitored from multiple antennas.

Receive diversity is a way to enhance uplink channel reception, including the PUSCH, physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), physical random access channel (PRACH), and sounding reference signal (SRS).

Huawei eNodeBs can work with or without RX diversity. In RX diversity mode, Huawei eNodeBs in LTE TDD eRAN2.1 can be configured with 4 antennas (4-way) by setting the antenna magnitude in addition to UL 2-antenna receive diversity.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThis feature requires eNodeBs to provide enough RF channels and demodulation resources to match the number of diversity antennas.



This feature cannot work when the bandwidth of the eNodeB equipped with the LBBPc is 5 MHz.

1.2.3 TDLOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO Availability


SummaryHuawei LTE TDD eRAN2.2 supports UL 2x4 MU-MIMO between UEs and eNodeBs to improve system uplink performance. A maximum of UEs can share the same time-frequency resources to multiplex these resources.

BenefitsThis feature improves the overall cell uplink throughput by allowing two users to transmit data using the same time-frequency resources.

DescriptionIf four receive antennas are configured for an eNodeB, the eNodeB adaptively selects between UL 2x4 MU-MIMO and UL 4-antenna receive diversity.

The eNodeB measures the UE uplink channel SINR and channel orthogonality with another UE. If the UE has adequate channel quality indicator (CQI) and channel orthogonality with the other UE, 2x4 MU-MIMO is used. Otherwise, 4-antenna receive diversity is used.


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UL 2x4 MU-MIMO is only used for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

EnhancementIn LTE TDD eRAN6.0, UL 2x4 MU-MIMO can be used with uplink-downlink subframe configuration type 0.

DependenciesThis feature requires an eNodeB to provide four RX channels and four antennas per sector.



This feature is only applicable to Non-GBR bears.

This feature requires the following features:

TDLOFD-001015 Enhanced Scheduling TDLOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity

When the LBBPc is configured, this feature cannot be used with the following features:

TDLOFD-001075 SFN TDLOFD-002008 Adaptive SFN/SDMA TDLOFD-001098 Inter-BBP SFN TDLOFD-001080 Inter-BBU SFN TDLOFD-001081 Inter-BBP Adaptive SFN/SDMA TDLOFD-001082 Inter-BBU Adaptive SFN/SDMA

1.5 Interference Handling1.5.1 TDLOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection CombiningAvailability


SummaryIn addition to DL and UL inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC), Huawei LTE TDD eRAN1.0 provides interference rejection combining (IRC) to effectively mitigate inter-cell interference.

BenefitsThis feature improves system performance in the presence of interference. Therefore, enhanced network coverage and better service quality are provided for CEUs.


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DescriptionIRC is a receive-antenna combining technique to effectively mitigate inter-cell interference. IRC is often used together with receive diversity. In theory, IRC can be used for MIMO decoding, and it is particularly effective for colored interference.

The main advantage of IRC is that it can outperform maximum ratio combining (MRC) in terms of signal demodulation in the presence of interference or congestion.

EnhancementNone

DependencieseNodeBs must be configured with two or more receive antennas.

1.5.2 TDLOFD-001094 Control Channel IRCAvailability

This feature is introduced in LTE TDD eRAN6.0.

SummaryThis feature prevents the PUCCH from being affected by inter-cell interference.

BenefitsThis feature enhances interference resistance for uplink control channels and improves control channel coverage.

DescriptionIRC combines signals on the PUCCH received by multiple antennas. Compared with MRC, IRC performs better on colored interference mitigation.

eNodeBs support adaptive switching between IRC and MRC for PUCCHs. When there is colored interference, eNodeBs select IRC. In other cases, eNodeBs select MRC.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThis feature requires one of the following features:

TDLBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity TDLOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity TDLOFD-001062 UL 8-Antenna Receive Diversity


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eNodeBs must be configured with two or more receive antennas and the LBBPd is required.

1.5.3 TDLOFD-001075 SFNAvailability


SummaryThis feature combines multiple common cells in one single frequency network (SFN) cell.

SFN implements the joint scheduling of air interface resources in multiple cells by transmitting the same data on the same time-frequency resource of different cells.

SFN transforms co-channel interference into useful signals in the downlink, cancels inter-cell co-channel interference in the uplink, and greatly improves the SINR at the cell edge.

BenefitsThis feature reduces interference at the cell edge in a densely populated area.

DescriptionAn SFN cell is a combination of multiple common cells, which use the same cell ID and apply joint time-frequency resource scheduling. SFN converts inter-cell interference into the time-frequency resources scheduled inside the SFN cell, and increases the proportion of UEs with a high SINR in the entire RAN.

In the downlink, joint scheduling is used and all RRUs transmit the same signals except the physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) of beamforming users and UE-specific reference signals.

In the uplink, joint scheduling is used at the physical and Media Access Control (MAC) layers. According to the measurement reports of a UE at the physical layer, the MAC layer selects the serving RRU with the best channel quality for the UE. The physical layer processes all UE signals and reports only the serving RRU physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) of the UE to the MAC layer.

In eRAN3.0, a maximum of three cells can be combined into an SFN cell.

EnhancementIn eRAN3.1, eNodeBs supported multi-user beamforming and UL CoMP in SFN cells, and allowed a maximum of seven cells to be combined into an SFN cell.

In LTE TDD eRAN6.0, eNodeBs can work in 2T2R mode only in the LampSite solution.

DependenciesThe eNodeB must be configured with a minimum of two antennas for transmission and receiving.




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TDLBFD-002022 Static Inter-Cell Interference Coordination SEFD-033100 Adaptive Inter-Cell Interference Coordination – LTE TDLOFD-001031 Extended CP TDLOFD-001039 RF Channel Intelligent Shutdown TDLOFD-001066 Intra-eNodeB UL CoMP TDLAOFD-001001 Carrier Aggregation Introduction Package (Two Component

Carriers) TDLAOFD-003001 DL CoMP Introduction Package

When the LBBPc is configured, this feature cannot be used with TDLOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO.


1.5.4 TDLOFD-002008 Adaptive SFN/SDMAAvailability


SummaryWhen multiple common cells are combined into an SFN cell, the eNodeB classifies the users according to their signal quality, and implements adaptive joint scheduling and independent scheduling of time-frequency resources in multiple cells. The space division multiple access (SDMA) technology was introduced to implement independent scheduling of time-frequency resources in multiple cells.

BenefitsAdaptive SFN/SDMA increases resource usage and improves system throughput while ensuring coverage quality.

DescriptionBased on the uplink reference signal received power (RSRP), the eNodeB determines UE attributes and then performs one of the following functions:

Joint scheduling of resources in all cells Joint scheduling of resources in some cells Independent scheduling of resources in a single cell

In addition, the eNodeB collects the working RRU list. The PDSCHs and PUSCHs of the RRUs in this list will be scheduled jointly or independently.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThis feature requires TDLOFD-001075 SFN.


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SEFD-033100 Adaptive Inter-Cell Interference Coordination – LTE TDLBFD-002022 Static Inter-Cell Interference Coordination TDLOFD-001031 Extended CP TDLOFD-001039 RF Channel Intelligent Shutdown TDLOFD-001066 Intra-eNodeB UL CoMP TDLAOFD-001001 Carrier Aggregation Introduction Package (Two Component

Carriers) TDLAOFD-003001 DL CoMP Introduction Package

When the LBBPc is configured, this feature cannot be used with TDLOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO.


1.6 UL CoMP1.6.1 TDLOFD-001066 Intra-eNodeB UL CoMPAvailability


SummaryUL coordinated multi-point transmission/reception technology (CoMP) provides joint receiving and interference attenuating functions for neighboring cells within the same eNodeB.

BenefitsThis feature increases UL throughput for CEUs between two cells within one eNodeB.

DescriptionWhen this feature is enabled, an eNodeB performs the following functions:

Joint receivingThis feature uses two adjacent cells (each of which has two RX channels) to receive the data from a single UE on uplink physical channels. This UE is called CoMP UE, and is at the edge of the serving cell and near the coordinating cell at the same time.

Interference attenuatingA CoMP UE in the serving cell provides signals to its coordinating cell, which can be used by the coordinating cell to attenuate the interference on the UEs using the same physical resource block (PRBs) in the coordinating cell.


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EnhancementIn LTE TDD eRAN6.0, eNodeBs can work in 4T4R mode.

DependenciesThis feature only applies to macro eNodeBs.


The total number of activated cells in one LBBP must be equal to or less than 3.



This feature can coexist but cannot work simultaneously with TDLOFD-001058 UL 2x4 MU-MIMO.

When the UlHoppingType parameter in the CellUlschAlgo MO is set to Hopping_OFF, UL CoMP is enabled.


This feature does not apply when the RRU is installed at a distance from the BBU.

1.7 QoS1.7.1 TDLOFD-001026 Optional uplink-downlink subframe configurationTDLOFD-00102601 uplink-downlink subframe configuration type 0

Availability This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN3.1.

SummaryeNodeBs support different uplink-downlink subframe configurations.

BenefitsThis feature allows operators to flexibly configure the uplink-downlink subframe ratio based on different service requirements.


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DescriptioneNodeBs support different uplink-downlink subframe configurations specified in 3GPP TS 36.211.

Type 0: The ratio of uplink subframe to downlink subframe is 3:1. When this configuration is used, the throughput of uplink traffic is larger than downlink traffic, such as in video surveillance.

The following figure shows uplink-downlink subframe configuration type 0.

In the preceding figure, D denotes the subframe reserved for downlink transmissions, U denotes the subframe reserved for uplink transmissions, and S denotes a special subframe that consists of the downlink pilot timeslot (DwPTS), guard period (GP), and uplink pilot timeslot (UpPTS).

EnhancementNone

DependenciesNone

TDLOFD-00102602 uplink-downlink special subframe configuration type 4

AvailabilityThis feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN1.0.

SummaryeNodeBs support different special subframe configurations (DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS lengths).

BenefitsThis feature allows operators to flexibly configure special subframe configurations according to application scenarios, such as a different cell access radius.

DescriptioneNodeBs support different special subframe configurations (DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS lengths) specified in 3GPP TS 36.211.

Type 4: The DwPTS to GP to UpPTS length ratio is 12:1:1 when eNodeBs use normal cyclic prefix (CP). The DwPTS to GP to UpPTS length ratio is 3:7:1 when eNodeBs use extended CP.


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The following two tables list special subframe configuration type 4.

Special Subframe Configuration

Normal CP

DwPTS GP UpPTS

4 26336⋅T s 2192⋅T s 2192⋅T s


Extended CP

DwPTS GP UpPTS

4 7680⋅T s 17920⋅T s 2560⋅T s

EnhancementNone

DependenciesNone



SummaryeNodeBs support different special subframe configurations (DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS lengths).

BenefitsThis feature allows operators to flexibly configure special subframe configurations according to application scenarios, such as a different cell access radius.

DescriptioneNodeBs support different special subframe configurations (DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS lengths) specified in 3GPP TS 36.211.

Type 5: The DwPTS to GP to UpPTS length ratio is 3:9:2 when eNodeBs use normal CP. The DwPTS to GP to UpPTS length ratio is 8:2:2 when eNodeBs use extended CP.

The following two tables list special subframe configuration type 5.


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Normal CP

DwPTS GP UpPTS

5 6592⋅T s 19744⋅T s 4384⋅T s


Extended CP

DwPTS GP UpPTS

5 20480⋅T s 5120⋅T s 5120⋅T s

EnhancementNone

DependenciesNone


AvailabilityThis feature is introduced in LTE TDD eRAN6.0.

SummaryThe eNodeB supports different special subframe configurations (lengths of DwPTS/GP/UpPTS).

BenefitsThis feature enables the customer to flexibly configure special subframe configurations according to application scenario, such as different cell access radius.

DescriptionThe eNodeB supports different special subframe configurations (lengths of DwPTS/GP/UpPTS) specified in 3GPP TS 36.211.

Type 6: The ratio of lengths of DwPTS to GP to UpPTS is 9:3:2 when eNodeB adopts normal cyclic prefix. The ratio of lengths of DwPTS to GP to UpPTS is 9:1:2 when eNodeB adopts extended cyclic prefix.

The detailed special subframe configurations are listed in the following table.


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Special subframe configuration

Normal cyclic prefix

DwPTS GP UpPTS

6 19760 Ts 6576 Ts 4384 Ts

Special subframe configuration

Extended cyclic prefix

DwPTS GP UpPTS

6 23040 Ts 2560 Ts 5120 Ts

EnhancementNone

DependenciesRRU3702, RRU3232 and RRU3233 cannot support the feature.


1.7.2 TDLOFD-001015 Enhanced SchedulingTDLOFD-00101501 CQI Adjustment


SummaryThis feature enhances the conventional AMC scheme by introducing downlink CQI adjustment. It provides additional performance gains.

BenefitsThis feature brings the following benefits:

Effectively compensates for inaccurate CQI measurement and makes the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) selection more accurate by using a closed-loop mechanism.

Improves system capacity by selecting an accurate MCS. Allows an adaptive CQI measurement in different scenarios and therefore improves

system capacity.

DescriptionUnder the conventional AMC scheme, the eNodeB chooses an MCS for a UE based on the reported CQI. As a result, the MCS will mainly change according to the reported CQI.


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However, the UE measurement error and channel fading affects the accuracy of the reported CQI to some extent. MCS selection based on an inaccurate CQI will cause a failure to reach the block error rate (BLER) target in DL transmission. The conventional AMC scheme does not have a closed-loop feedback mechanism to guarantee that the actual BLER reaches the BLER target.

The CQI adjustment scheme introduces a closed-loop mechanism to compensate for CQI measurement errors. When an eNodeB selects the MCS for DL transmission, in addition to the CQI and transmit power, the eNodeB also considers the difference between the target BLER and the actual BLER. Note that the actual BLER is calculated based on the closed-loop ACK/NACK that the eNodeB received in DL transmission. In addition, the closed-loop mechanism used in the CQI adjustment scheme allows the eNodeB to instruct a UE to change the BLER target for CQI reporting, which can maximize system throughput.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesNone

TDLOFD-00101502 Dynamic Scheduling


SummaryThis feature achieves efficient resource utilization. The fairness between different UEs is also considered in the function. The dynamic scheduling algorithm is mainly used for guaranteed bit rate (GBR) and non-GBR services.

BenefitsThis feature provides the following benefits:

Achieves efficient resource utilization. Achieves an optimal tradeoff among throughput, fairness, and QoS.

DescriptionThis feature achieves efficient resource utilization on a shared channel. In an LTE system, the scheduler allocates resources to the UEs every 1 ms or every one TTI. The scheduling algorithm must achieve a balanced tradeoff between priority differentiation among different services and fairness among users.

The UL scheduler uses the token bucket algorithm to control GBR and non-GBR service rates. The proportional fair (PF) algorithm is the basic strategy to ensure scheduling priorities (based on the QCI) among different services. High priorities are assigned to IMS signaling and GBR services. When the congestion indicator from the load control algorithm is received, the scheduler may reduce the guaranteed data rate for GBR services. The scheduler may also consider the input from UL ICIC to reduce interference. QCI is short for QoS class identifier.


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The DL scheduler uses an enhanced scheduling strategy. For GBR services, priorities are calculated based on user channel quality and service packet delay. For non-GBR services, in addition to user channel quality, the scheduled service throughput is also considered for calculating the priority. The enhanced DL scheduler can guarantee an optimal tradeoff among throughput, fairness, and QoS guarantee. Like the UL scheduler, the DL scheduler also considers DL ICIC input to reduce inter-cell interference.

EnhancementIn LTE TDD eRAN6.0, when the Uu resources of a cell are congested, there is a possibility that non-GBR services cannot be granted resources because non-GBR services have a lower priority than GBR services. To address this issue, this feature allows a preset proportion of resources to be reserved for non-GBR services, which ensures that there are always resources for downlink non-GBR services.

Dependencies None

1.7.3 TDLOFD-001028 TCP Proxy Enhancer (TPE)Availability


SummaryA series of enhanced Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) functions adaptive to RAN link characteristics are implemented in the eNodeB. This feature greatly improves the performance of the TCP protocol (derived from the wired network) in the wireless network, therefore enhancing user experience and system efficiency.


Mitigates the negative impact of some factors (such as RAN packet loss) on TCP data transmission performance.

Accelerates slow startup and fast retransmission of the server during data transmission. Greatly improves TCP transmission performance.

DescriptionThe Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol is used worldwide. It was initially developed for wired transmission and later used in wireless networks. However, wireless networks exhibit some characteristics quite different from the wired network. To mitigate this effect, a number of enhancements have been implemented in the eNodeB.

The TPE functionality, implemented in the eNodeB, improves data transmission performance in the wireless network. The TPE processes the TCP/IP packets by adopting the following TCP performance optimization technologies:

ACK splitting


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The congestion window is updated according to the number of received ACK messages and is expanded by increasing the number of ACK messages. When slow startup occurs, ACK splitting can quickly recover the congestion window. When the sender is in congestion avoidance mode, ACK splitting can accelerate expansion of the congestion window.

EnhancementIn LTE TDD eRAN6.0, this feature is enhanced by introducing the uplink ACK control function to prevent bursts of ACKs.

In an LTE system, fluctuations over the air interface are inevitable. To ensure correct uplink data transmission, HARQ or automatic repeat request (ARQ) is performed in the uplink to ensure correct data transmission. According to 3GPP specifications for LTE, packets at the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer must be transmitted in sequence. However, the HARQ/ARQ transmission takes at least 8 ms, which may delay the in-sequence transmission of packets. If the transmission is delayed, the packets to be transmitted are buffered, and then burst. For downlink TCP services, ACK packets may also burst. As a result, downlink TCP services burst as well, causing packet loss if the buffer of the transmission equipment is limited.

The ACK control function manages the uplink ACK traffic to prevent bursts of ACKs. If the number of ACKs exceeds a threshold, the remaining ACKs are buffered for transmission in the next transmission period. As a result, the ACK control function prevents bursts of downlink data, reduces the packet loss rate, and increases average throughput.

DependenciesNone

1.7.4 TDLOFD-001027 Active Queue Management (AQM)Availability


SummaryThis feature provides an optimized buffer handling method to positively interact with the TCP protocol and shorten the buffering delay.

BenefitsThis feature decreases the delay of interactive services and improves user experience.

DescriptionIn an interactive connection, the packet data to be transmitted is typically characterized by large variations. To address this issue, the buffer is introduced. However, if the buffer is filled or an overflow occurs, data packet loss will result.

Currently, TCP is the main transport layer protocol used on the Internet. Packet loss is regarded as link congestion by TCP, and TCP will correspondingly reduce the data transmission rate. The TCP protocol is also sensitive to round trip delay and will act


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differently if just one packet is lost or if a burst of packets is lost. If a large number of packets are discarded, it may take considerable time for the data rate to increase again, leading to low radio link utilization and causing long delays for users.

In addition, if a user is performing concurrent services (such as FTP download and web browsing), the file download as a dominant stream fills the buffers, leading to a long delay for web browsing.

This feature can be disabled or enabled.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesNone

1.7.5 TDLOFD-001029 Enhanced Admission ControlTDLOFD-00102901 Radio/transport Resource Pre-emption


SummaryThis feature enables service differentiation when the network is congested to provide better services for high-priority users.

BenefitsThis feature provides operators with a method to differentiate users according to priorities. High-priority users can still obtain system resources in cases of resource limitation. In this way, operators can provide better service to those high-priority users.

DescriptionPre-emption is a function related to admission control and is the method for differentiating services. It enables operators to provide different services by setting different priorities, which affect the service setup success rate during the service setup procedure. If there are not enough resources and a new service is not admitted to access the network, high-priority users have more chances to access the network than low-priority users, and the resources of low-priority users are pre-empted.

Priority information is obtained from the E-RAB-specific QoS parameters, including the allocation/retention priority (ARP), in the ERAB SETUP REQUEST message. The eNodeB assigns user priority based on ARP values. E-RAB is short for E-UTRAN radio access bearer.

Pre-emption is performed if service admission fails due to lack of resources, including S1 transmission resources and radio resources (for example, admission based on the QoS satisfaction rate fails). The attributes of Pre-emption Capability and Pre-emption Vulnerability indicate the capability of pre-empting resources of other services and vulnerability to pre-emption by other services, respectively.


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Pre-emption is not triggered for a signaling radio bearer (SRB) if resource allocation for SRB fails. Emergency call (for example, E911) service has top priority, and therefore always has pre-emption capability. In general, common services cannot pre-empt the resources for SRBs, emergency calls, or IMS signaling.

EnhancementIn LTE TDD eRAN6.0, this feature allows resource pre-emption when the number of UEs that have accessed cells reaches the maximum number of UEs supported by an eNodeB. With this enhancement, high-priority services and services that must be guaranteed according to local laws and regulations can pre-empt the resources of common services.

An eNodeB allows RRC connections to be established for all UEs that initially access the network. During E-RAB setup, the eNodeB enables high-priority services and emergency calls to pre-empt the resources of common services. The eNodeB selects high-priority services and emergency calls based on ARP values, and selects common services, whose resources are to be pre-empted, in the following sequence: non-GBR services on unsynchronized UEs, non-GBR services on synchronized UEs, and low-priority GBR services.

DependenciesThis feature requires the core network to bring the ARP IE to eNodeB during E-RAB assignment procedure so that the eNodeB can obtain service priorities with those E-RAB parameters.

1.7.6 TDLOFD-001054 Flexible User Steering TDLOFD-00105401 Camp & Handover Based on SPID


SummaryThis feature helps operators control UE mobility to enable it camp in, be redirected to, or be handed over to a suitable cell. The priorities for cell selection are predefined and configured on the eNodeB by using the subscriber profile ID for RAT/frequency priority (SPID).

BenefitsOperators can enable users to camp in, be redirected to, or be handed over to a suitable LTE, UMTS, or GSM cell or frequency based on service characteristics. For a data centric subscriber, an LTE cell is more suitable than a UMTS cell or a GSM cell; for a voice centric subscriber, a GSM cell or a UMTS cell is more suitable than an LTE cell.

DescriptionThe SPID is an index of user information (such as the mobility profile and service usage profile). The information is UE-specific and applies to all its radio bearers.


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The eNodeB maps this index to locally defined configuration to apply specific radio resource management (RRM) policies (such as defining priorities in RRC_IDLE mode and controlling inter-RAT or inter-frequency redirection or handover in RRC_CONNECTED mode).

In RRC_IDLE mode, a UE can camp in a cell with a suitable RAT or frequency.

In RRC_CONNECTED mode, when load balance or overload control triggers an inter-frequency or inter-RAT handover or redirection, the eNodeB selects a suitable target cell based on the priorities indexed by its SPID. In addition, when the UE completes a service, the eNodeB can release it to a suitable cell according to its SPID priority. In case of overload, UEs without SPIDs can also be redirected to a suitable cell based on common priority and overload information.

Therefore, an operator can enable a user to camp in, be redirected to, or be handed over to a suitable cell according to its subscription. For example, a dongle user usually stays in an LTE high frequency band for a high service rate; a VoIP user preferentially stays in an LTE low frequency band to guarantee continuous coverage.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThe cell reselection policy for UEs requires TDLBFD-00201803 Cell Selection and Re-

selection.The load-based handover policy for UEs requires the following features: TDLOFD-001032 Intra-LTE Load Balancing TDLOFD-001044 Inter-RAT Load Sharing to UTRAN TDLOFD-001045 Inter-RAT Load Sharing to GERAN UE HPLMN switch policy depends on either of the following features: TDLBFD-00201802 Coverage Based Inter-frequency TDLOFD-001019 PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-UTRAN and UTRAN

The SAE must support the SPID configuration.

The GSM/UMTS network must support this function to prevent ping-pong handovers.

1.7.7 TDLOFD-001059 UL Pre-allocation Based on SPIDAvailability


SummaryOperators can configure a suitable SPID on the core network for each UE. When a UE accesses the network, its SPID is transmitted to the eNodeB. Based on the SPID, the eNodeB enables or disables the UL pre-allocation for the UE.


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BenefitsOperators can assign different UL pre-allocation capabilities for different UEs. UL pre-allocation is used for light-loaded cells to decrease the latency for a certain UE.

DescriptionThe SPID is an index of user information (such as the mobility profile and service usage profile). The information is UE-specific and applies to all its radio bearers.

The eNodeB maps this index to locally defined configuration to apply specific RRM policies.

The UL pre-allocation functionality allocates PUSCH RBs to a UE in a light-loaded cell even if the sending buffer of the UE is empty. This feature allows the UE to quickly obtain the transmission chance and accelerates the ACK of a DL RRC signaling message.

UL pre-allocation decreases UE transmission delay but increases UE power consumption.

Operators can modify related parameters to achieve an optimal tradeoff between transmission delay and power consumption.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThe SAE must support the SPID configuration.

1.7.8 TDLOFD-001109 DL Non-GBR Packet BundlingAvailability


SummaryThis feature introduces delay control and bundles downlink packets before transmission.


Reduces PDCCH overhead and increases PDCCH capacity. Meets the delay requirements of best effort (BE) services and increases the eNodeB

throughput when both GBR and non-GBR services are in use.

DescriptionThis feature primarily introduces delay control for BE services.

When the network load is light and resources for control and traffic channels are sufficient, the eNodeB does not perform delay-based downlink packet bundling. If the packet delay increases with the network load, the eNodeB bundles downlink packets to reduce PDCCH


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overhead to improve BE service quality. The eNodeB also increases throughput when users are performing both GBR and non-GBR services.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesNone

1.7.9 TDLOFD-001076 CPRI CompressionAvailability


SummaryThis feature reduces the common public radio interface (CPRI) bandwidth required by a cell.


Increases the number of RRUs that can be cascaded on a CPRI port. Decreases the number of optical fibers. Reduces eNodeB installation and reconstruction costs.

DescriptionThis feature decreases CPRI bandwidth resources required by a cell. More RRUs can be cascaded on a CPRI port without changing the CPRI line rate, cell bandwidth, or number of antennas for the cell. This reduces eNodeB installation and reconstruction costs.

When this feature is enabled, the CPRI data on the LBBPd and LBBPc decreases to about 50% and 60% of the original CPRI data, respectively. The extent of reduction is determined by the processing capabilities of the two boards.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesRRU323x and RRU3702 cannot support this feature.

The LBBPc cannot support this feature.


This feature cannot be used with TDLOFD-001031 Extended CP.


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This feature cannot work when the eNodeB bandwidth is 5 or 10MHz.

1.8 Signaling Storm & Terminal Battery Life Saving1.8.1 TDLOFD-001105 Dynamic DRX.TDLOFD-00110502 High-Mobility-Triggered Idle Mode

AvailabilityThis feature is introduced in LTE TDD eRAN6.0.

SummaryThis feature enables a fast-moving UE to switch from always-online to idle mode if the amount of signaling that increases due to frequent UE handovers is greater than the amount of signaling that decreases when the UE is in the always-online state.

BenefitsThis feature reduces signaling to protect the network against signaling storms.

DescriptionThis feature provides the following functions:

Checks whether always-online UEs are in the high-mobility state. This feature applies to UEs that have entered the always-online state. Generally, UEs stay in connected mode when they are using applications that require heartbeat messages, such as IM, Facebook, or Twitter.With this feature, an eNodeB checks the UE speed, packet transmission status, and duration when the UE camps on a cell. Based on the check results, the eNodeB determines whether the UE meets the conditions to enter idle mode to minimize signaling impact.

Supports feature performance monitoring. To monitor the performance of this feature, check the control-plane CPU usage and the number of handovers before and after this feature is enabled.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThis feature requires TDLOFD-001105 Dynamic DRX.

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1.9 High Speed Mobility1.9.1 TDLOFD-001007 High Speed MobilityAvailability


SummaryThis feature allows eNodeBs to provide services for UEs moving at up to 208 km/h (Band 38/39/40/41) and 79 km/h (Band 42/43) with good performance. High-speed access is one of the key features in Huawei SingleRAN LTE solutions to provide high-speed coverage.


Allows Huawei LTE systems to provide good coverage for UEs moving at up to 120 km/h.

Provides seamless coverage in a high-speed scenario.

DescriptionThis feature enables Huawei LTE systems to operate and perform well in high-speed scenarios.

When a UE moves at high speeds, the fast fading effect on the LTE system becomes severe. It is more difficult to achieve the same performance at high-speeds as compared to normal speeds.

Huawei LTE TDD eRAN1.0 supports UE velocity up to 208 km/h (Band 38/39/40/41) and 79 km/h (Band 42/43), which covers most mobility scenarios in urban areas. The eNodeB must measure the UE mobility speed and refine the channel estimation scheme accordingly. In addition, the MIMO scheme and resource allocation mechanism are adaptively adjusted by the radio resource management (RRM) function to meet high-speed performance requirements. For example, frequency diversity mode is more suitable than frequency-selective scheduling, as is transmit diversity rather than spatial multiplexing for a UE at high speeds.


DependencieseNodeBs must work in 4T4R or 2T2R mode.



TDLOFD-001016 VoIP Semi-persistent Scheduling TDLOFD-001049 Single Streaming Beamforming


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TDLOFD-001061 Dual Streaming Beamforming TDLOFD-001077 MU-Beamforming

1.9.2 TDLOFD-001008 Ultra High Speed Mobility Availability


SummaryThis feature allows eNodeBs to provide services for UEs moving at up to 450 km/h (Band 38/39/40/41) and 332 km/h (Band 42/43) with good performance. High-speed access is one of the key features in Huawei SingleRAN LTE solutions to provide high-speed coverage.


Allows Huawei LTE systems to operate in any high-speed scenario and provide good coverage for UEs moving at up to 450 km/h.

Provides seamless coverage in a high-speed scenario.

DescriptionThis feature enables Huawei LTE systems to support UEs with almost any mobility profile at up to 450 km/h (Band 38/39/40/41) and 332 km/h (Band 42/43) in any scenario and deliver good performance.

When a UE moves at high speeds, the fast fading effect on the LTE system becomes severe. In this case, the MIMO scheme and resource allocation mechanism are adaptively adjusted to meet ultra-high-speed performance requirements.


DependencieseNodeBs must work in 4T4R or 2T2R mode.



TDLOFD-001016 VoIP Semi-persistent Scheduling TDLOFD-001049 Single Streaming Beamforming TDLOFD-001061 Dual Streaming Beamforming TDLOFD-001077 MU-Beamforming


The LBBPc cannot support this feature.


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eLTE 2.2 DBS3900 Feature Description 3 O&M

2 Networking & Transmission & Security

2.1 Transmission & Synchronization2.1.1 TDLOFD-003011 Enhanced Transmission QoS ManagementTDLOFD-00301101 Transport Overbooking


SummaryThis feature allows the admission of more users while guaranteeing QoS by using the following mechanisms:

Enhanced admission control mechanism: Transport Admission Control (TAC). QoS mechanisms: traffic shaping and congestion control.

BenefitsThis feature increases the number of admitted users.

DescriptionThe implementation of this feature requires the following mechanisms:

TAC: Allows the bandwidth for user admission control to be larger than the bandwidth of the physical port. By using this mechanism, operators can set the admission threshold to allow the admission of more users.

Traffic shaping: Guarantees that the total available traffic bandwidth is not larger than the total configured bandwidth. The minimum transmission bandwidth of each resource


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group supported by eNodeB is 64 kbit/s for dual rate and 32 kbit/s for single rate. The bandwidth granularity is 1 kbit/s.

Congestion control: Detects congestion. If congestion is detected, a signal is sent to the data source indicating congestion and then selected low-priority packets are discarded.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThe core network must support this feature because SAE uses the TAC over the S1 interface.

TDLOFD-00301102 Transport Differentiated Flow Control


SummaryThis feature enhances the following mechanisms:

Admission control: TAC. Queue scheduling: priority queue (PQ) scheduling and WRR scheduling. Back-pressure flow control.

BenefitsThis feature provides users with differentiated services while guaranteeing equitable distribution of bandwidth.

DescriptionTransmission differentiated flow control provides users with differentiated services while guaranteeing equitable distribution of bandwidth.

Equitable distribution of bandwidth: Each admitted user can be allocated some bandwidth.

Differentiation: High-priority users take precedence over low-priority users.

The implementation of this feature requires the following mechanisms:

TAC: In case of GBR services, the bandwidth allocated to services is computed based on the GBR. Otherwise, it is computed based on the default reserved bandwidth (for example, non-GBR services).

Queue scheduling: Services enter PQ and WRR queues based on service priorities. Services that enter the PQ queues have the highest scheduling priority, and services that enter the WRR queues are scheduled according to the weight, which is computed based on the service bandwidth. Each service has a weight and then an opportunity to be scheduled.


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Back-pressure flow control: Detects congestion on the S1 interface. If congestion is detected, a signal is sent to the data source indicating congestion and then selected low-priority packets are discarded.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesNone

TDLOFD-00301103 Transport Resource Overload Control


SummaryThis feature rapidly enhances transmission stability when transmission resources are unexpectedly overloaded.

BenefitsThis feature provides protection for the system when transmission resources are unexpectedly overloaded.

DescriptionThere are two scenarios of unexpected overload:

The transport bearer bandwidth (the bandwidth available in the system) is greatly increased or decreased. For example, the transmission bandwidth decreases from 20 Mbit/s to 10 Mbit/s because of network failure.

The traffic bandwidth (the bandwidth used in the system) is greatly increased or decreased. For example, the traffic bandwidth rapidly increases from 5 Mb/s to 10 Mb/s.

In either of the preceding scenarios, actions such as releasing low-priority users must be taken to guarantee QoS for high-priority users.

The actions to be taken depend on the ARP, which defines whether a user can be released when transmission resources are overloaded.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesNone


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2.1.2 TDLOFD-003012 IP Performance MonitoringTDLOFD-00301201 IP Performance Monitoring


SummaryThis feature enhances performance management by providing an E2E network monitoring mechanism and acquiring key performance indicators (KPIs) such as information about traffic volume, packet loss rate, delay, and jitter.


Allows operators to monitor E2E network performance. Enhances system maintainability and testability. Improves system performance.

DescriptionThis feature complies with a Huawei proprietary protocol.

An eNodeB periodically sends detecting packets to the peer device such as the S-GW, and the peer device returns the response packets. The eNodeB acquires KPIs, such as traffic volume, packet loss rate, delay, and jitter from these response packets. These KPIs allow operators to learn about the network quality and provide a reference for taking actions, such as network optimization and network expansion.

In addition, the IP PM feature helps operators to identify whether a fault occurred in transmission network devices or LTE devices when LTE devices such as the eNodeB and S-GW are enabled with IP PM. Furthermore, if all NEs are enabled with IP PM, the fault can be quickly located.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThe core network must support this feature.

TDLOFD-00301202 Transport Dynamic Flow Control



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SummaryAccording to the network quality detected by IP PM, the transmission dynamic flow control feature can dynamically adjust flow control parameters.

BenefitsFlow control parameters are dynamically adjusted to adapt to network quality, which changes dynamically.

DescriptionWhen network quality is unstable, it is recommended to dynamically adjust flow control parameters, such as bandwidth. This feature provides a method to dynamically adjust QoS parameters according to the network quality detected by IPPM. For example, when the network quality is good, transmission dynamic flow control automatically increases the bandwidth incrementally. Otherwise, it decreases the bandwidth.

IP PM provides an E2E network performance monitoring method to acquire information about network quality, such as traffic volume, packet loss rate, delay, and jitter.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThis feature requires TDLOFD-00301201 IP PM.

2.1.3 TDLOFD-003018 IP Active Performance Measurement

可获得性本特性自 eRAN6.1 版本开始引入。

特性简介本特性遵循 IPPM 标准，遵循RFC5357（TWAMP），RFC2678，RFC2680，RFC2681，RFC3393，根据标准制定进行开发、实现。本特性支持在无线回传网络中，eNodeB 与支持 TWAMP 标准的设备进行 IP 性能检测，如 eNodeB 与 CN 间、eNodeB 与传输设备（如路由器）或测试仪器间启动 IP 性能检测功能，检测其传输性能情况。


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客户价值本特性用于测量传输网络的 QoS 质量，在定位传输性能问题时，能够更快速的排查和隔离传输问题，节约维护成本。本特性提供长时间的话统功能，对网络的运营用户来说，能够监控传输承载网络的质量，降低了运营用户的维护成本。本特性用 UDP 灌包，对传输网络注入流量，需占用网络带宽。如一条监控流，使用连续发包方式，1s 发送 10 个报文，包长为 80 字节，则占用 6.4kbps 的网络带宽。

特性描述本特性根据 TWAMP（Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol）协议，监测传输网

络的 QoS 参数变化情况，包括双向时延、单向丢包率、单向抖动等。根据 TWAMP 定义了测量的模型，存在 Controller 及 Responder 功能，前者包括

Session-Sender 与 Control-Client，后者包括 Session-Reflector 与 Server。其中Control-Client 与 Server 之间传递控制报文，用于测量任务的管理，包括测量任务的协商（初始化）、启动、停止，控制报文基于 TCP 链接，TWAMP 使用 862 端口。

Session-Sender 和 Session-Reflector 之间传输测试报文，Session-Sender 发送测试报文，Session-Reflector 响应测试报文。测试报文基于 UDP 协议。

Controller 根据协商的结果，在某一个协商的固定的流上主动发包，流由发送端 IP、响应端 IP、UDP 端口、Type-P 组成，Type-P 可以是协议类型、端口、报文长度、DSCP 等。测试报文填上发送序列数、发送时刻的时间戳，并根据测量报文的情况来计算指定链路的单向时延、抖动、单向丢包及环回时延等。

Responder 用于被动响应报文。接收 Controller 发送过来的报文，记录接收时刻的时间戳。抽取报文里的序列数、时间戳等，产生响应报文，回填上述数据，并填入Session-Reflctor 端发送的报文序列数、发送时间戳等。

本特性既支持 Controller 功能，也支持 Responder 功能。本特性实现非认证工作模式。


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Controller : active transmissionResponder : passive response


本特性实现的丢包统计，利用 sender 发送包数、reflector 发送包数、sender 接收包数，计算丢包数，再除以发包数，得到统计周期内的丢包率。

本特性实现的双向时延统计，利用 Sender 发送时刻，Reflector 收报时刻，Reflector 发报时刻以及 Sender 收报时刻。得到双向时延 RTT=（T2-T1）+（T4-T3）=（T4-T1）-（T3-T2）。

本特性根据相邻报文时延的差异获得抖动。特性增强

无。依赖关系


该特性适用于/UMPT 主控板对接的设备需要支持 TWAMP 功能。如果在 eNodeB 与 CN 间启动 TWAMP 测量，需要 CN 支持 TWAMP 功能。

2.1.4 TDLOFD-003013 Enhanced SynchronizationTDLOFD-00301302 IEEE1588 V2 Clock Synchronization


SummaryThe Precision Time Protocol (PTP) in IEEE1588 defines precision to the microsecond and applies to the standard Ethernet.

This feature implements precise synchronization of distributed and independent clocks in measurement and control systems. LTE networks can achieve high-accuracy frequency synchronization and time synchronization between clock servers and eNodeBs.

IEEE1588 V2 clock synchronization is an alternative clock solution for GPS clock synchronization.


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BenefitsCompared with the GPS clock solution, IEEE1588 V2 clock synchronization reduces the network deployment cost for operators and offers easy management and maintenance.

DescriptionThis section describes basic principles as well as synchronization principles and signaling procedure in the IEEE1588 standard. Basic principles in the IEEE1588 standard.

Figure 2-1 illustrates the basic principles defined in the IEEE1588 standard.

Figure 2-1 Basic principles defined in the IEEE1588 standard

The NE with the master clock sends synchronization timing packets to the NE with the slave clock. The intermediate switching device connects to the NE with the master clock and functions as a slave clock to obtain the timing information on the transmission of the master clock. Then, the intermediate switching device functions as a master clock and connects to other devices functioning as slave clocks. The Time Stamp Unit (TSU) implements precise time synchronization to reduce delay and jitter caused by the intermediate switching device and sends accurate timing information. Synchronization processing is shifted to the layer between the physical layer and the MAC layer.

Synchronization principlesFigure 2-2 illustrates synchronization principles in the IEEE1588 standard.


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Figure 2-2 Synchronization principles in the IEEE1588 standard

The signaling procedure is as follows:

1. The clock server (for example, the IPCLK1000) periodically sends a Sync message to the eNodeB. The Sync message carries standard time information, such as year, month, date, hour, minute, second, and nanosecond. The eNodeB records T2, which indicates the Sync message arrival time at the eNodeB. The time for sending or receiving the message must be measured and recorded at the underlying physical layer or close to the physical layer to improve clock accuracy. In the IEEE1588 standard, the optional hardware assist techniques are designed to improve clock accuracy. If the Sync message is generated by using hardware assist techniques, the message can also carry the timestamp T1, indicating when the message is sent. If the Sync message delay from the clock server is uncertain, the clock server generates a Follow_UP message, which carries the timestamp T1. The Follow_UP message is optional.

2. The eNodeB sends a Delay_req message to the clock server at T3.The eNodeB records T3. The clock server receives the Delay_req message at T4 and then generates a Delay_resp message that carries the timestamp T4 to the eNodeB. The delay sending the Delay_resp message does not affect T4. Therefore, the Delay_resp message does not require real-time processing.

3. The eNodeB saves complete information for T1, T2, T3, and T4. Then, the delay of message exchange between the clock server and the eNodeB is calculated as follows:Delay = [(T4 – T1) – (T3 – T2)]/2In principle, the absolute time of the eNodeB is equal to the standard time plus the delay carried in the Sync message.


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In LTE TDD eRAN2.2, IEEE1588 V2 security in frequency synchronization mode is enhanced by transmitting IEEE1588 V2–related messages on Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) tunnels.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesFor time synchronization, all devices on the clock relay path must support the IEEE1588V2 standard. For frequency synchronization, there is no requirement for devices on the clock replay path.

This feature requires TDLOFD-003009 IPsec if IEEE 1588 V2–related messages must be transmitted on IPsec tunnels.

2.1.5 TDLOFD-003016 Different Transport Paths based on QoS Grade Availability


SummaryThis feature provides a transmission networking solution that consists of different transport paths to implement different QCI grades.


Improves QoE. Improves network reliability.

DescriptionThis feature provides two logical or physical paths set up between the eNodeB and the MME or S-GW. The transmission network can be configured with two groups of different QCIs that are allocated to two paths with different priorities. Services with a high QCI can be carried on the high-priority path and services with a low QCI can be carried on the low-priority path. This improves QoE.

Figure 2-1 Two paths configured between the eNodeB and the MME or S-GW


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Different transport paths based on QoS grade can also improve network reliability. When one path fails, the connection is released and new data traffic will be handed over to another path. After the failed path recovers, the related traffic flow can again be transmitted over the original path. Huawei eNodeBs support multiple OAM mechanisms to detect and handle path failures, such as BFD, Ethernet OAM, Ping, ARP and SON.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThis feature is not applicable to micro eNodeBs

The S-GW must support two path configurations.

2.1.6 TDLOFD-001134 Virtual Routing & ForwardingAvailability


SummaryThis feature allows eNodeBs to connect to different operator networks that may be configured with the same internal IP addresses.

BenefitsThis feature greatly reduces the capital expenditure (CAPEX) and OPEX of operators.

DescriptionIn a wholesale scenario, an eNodeB connects to each retailer's network, for which the retailer operator has deployed the NEs and independently planned internal IP addresses.

When different operator networks are configured with the same internal IP address, this feature allows an eNodeB to connect to the networks. The eNodeB prevents the destination IP address of each route from conflicting with others and independently forwards packets in each routing area. In this way, this feature prevents IP address conflicts between networks without changing the internal IP addresses.

EnhancementNone


The EPC and transmission network must support virtual local area networks (VLANs).

This feature cannot support the UTRPc.


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TDLOFD-003004 Ethernet OAM TDLOFD-003005 OM Channel Backup TDLOFD-003006 IP Route Backup TDLOFD-003009 IPsec TDLOFD-003010 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) TDLOFD-003012 IP Performance Monitoring TDLOFD-00301302 IEEE1588 V2 Clock Synchronization TDLOFD-003017 S1 and X2 over IPv6 TDLOFD-003019 IPsec Tunnel Backup TDLOFD-003024 IPsec for IPv6

2.2 Security2.2.1 TDLOFD-001010 Security MechanismTDLOFD-00101001 Encryption: AES


SummaryThis feature provides confidentiality protection for both signaling and user data between eNodeBs and UEs.

BenefitsThis feature prevents signaling data and user data from being illegally intercepted and modified.

DescriptionThe eNodeB provides encryption for RRC signaling and user data. The encryption function consists of ciphering and deciphering and is performed at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer. After receiving the UE context from the EPC, the eNodeB initiates the initial security activation procedure. During RRC connection setup, an encryption algorithm is selected and an encryption key is generated based on the RRC protocol. All radio bearers use the encryption algorithm and key. For example, the configuration is used for the radio bearers carrying signaling data as well as for those carrying user data.

The encryption algorithm can be changed by a handover. The encryption key can be changed by a handover or RRC connection setup. The encryption keys for a UE in RRC_CONNECTED mode may be changed by a handover procedure.

LTE TDD eRAN1.0 supports the AES encryption algorithm.


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EnhancementNone

DependenciesUEs must support the same encryption algorithm as the eNodeB.

TDLOFD-00101002 Encryption: SNOW 3G


SummaryThis feature provides confidentiality protection for both signaling and user data between eNodeBs and UEs.

BenefitsThis feature prevents signaling data and user data from being illegally intercepted and modified.

DescriptionThe eNodeB provides encryption for RRC signaling and user data. The encryption function consists of ciphering and deciphering and is performed at the PDCP layer. After receiving the UE context from the EPC, the eNodeB initiates the initial security activation procedure. During RRC connection setup, an encryption algorithm is selected and an encryption key is generated based on the RRC protocol. All radio bearers use the encryption algorithm and key. For example, the configuration is used for the radio bearers carrying signaling data as well as for those carrying user data.

The encryption algorithm can be changed by a handover. The encryption key can be changed by a handover or RRC connection setup. The encryption keys for a UE in RRC_CONNECTED mode may be changed by a handover procedure.

LTE TDD eRAN1.1 supports the encryption algorithm SNOW3G with 128 bit keys.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesUEs must support the same encryption algorithm as the eNodeB.


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2.2.2 TDLOFD-003009 IPsecAvailability


SummaryIPsec is used to protect, authenticate, and encrypt data flow for necessary security between two NEs at the IP layer.

BenefitsThis feature provides the security mechanism, confidentiality, integrity, and authentication between two NEs at the IP layer.

DescriptionFigure 2-1 illustrates IPsec.

Figure 2-1 IPsec

IPsec provides a framework of open standards dealing with data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication between two NEs. IPsec provides these security services at the IP layer. It uses IKEV1 and IKEV2 for negotiation of protocols and algorithms based on the local policy and to generate the encryption and authentication keys used by IPsec. IKE stands for Internet Key Exchange.

IPsec protects one or more data flows between two eNodeBs, between the eNodeB and S-GW or MME, or between the SeGW and eNodeB.

The key characteristics of IPsec are as follows:

Two encapsulation modes: transport mode and channel mode Two security protocols: AH and ESP Main encryption methods: NULL, DES, 3DES, and AES Main integrity protection methods: HMAC_SHA-1 and HMAC_MD5


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_key_exchange


EnhancementNone

DependenciesThe SeGW must be deployed.

2.2.3 TDLOFD-003010 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)Availability


SummaryPKI provides digital certificate authentication, which is applied to IPsec tunnels between the eNodeB and SeGW, and SSL channels between the eNodeB and OMC.

BenefitsThis feature improves network security.

DescriptionPKI is a framework to manage digital certificates, which are used to provide authentication between two NEs.

Digital certificate management involves creating, storing, distributing, and revoking certificates, and distributing the certificate revocation list (CRL).

In general, a PKI system includes the Certificate Authority (CA), Certificate Repository (CR), CRL server, and users to be authenticated. The eNodeB and SeGW are users of the PKI system. The eNodeB interacts with the CA, CR and CRL server with assistance from the M2000.

The eNodeB supports the certificate reserved prior to delivery. The certificate format complies with X.509 V3. After the eNodeB is working properly, it supports certificate replacement.

Figure 2-1 shows an illustration of the eRAN certificate application scenario.


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Figure 2-1 eRAN certificate application scenario

In LTE TDD eRAN2.0, the eNodeB can update digital certificates automatically on the M2000.

In LTE TDD eRAN2.1, this feature is enhanced to support automatic certificate distribution using CMPv2. When CMPv2 is introduced to establish a direct tunnel from the eNodeB to the CA, certificate enrollment and update can be automatically performed, and eNodeB certificate issuing and update are more efficient if a large number of eNodeBs have been deployed.

The Certificate Management Protocol (CMP) is an Internet protocol used for X.509 digital certificate creation and management in PKI.

An eNodeB can utilize CMP to obtain certificates from the CA. This procedure involves the following CMP message:

2. initial registration/certification3. key pair update4. certificate update

The CMP message cross-certification request helps a CA to obtain a certificate signed by another CA.

CMP messages are encapsulated in HTTP/HTTPs messages for transmission.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesPeer devices must support this feature.


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2.2.4 TDLOFD-003014 Integrated FirewallTDLOFD-00301401 Access Control List (ACL)


SummaryACL is comprised of a series of access control rules. eNodeBs perform packet filtering based on the ACL.


Helps protect eNodeBs from some attacks. Helps eNodeBs identify specific types of packets, which must be encrypted and

authenticated by IPsec.

DescriptionThe system operates based on the rules in ACL.

By using the ACL, an eNodeB performs packet filtering according to packet attributes such as source IP addresses, destination IP addresses, source port numbers and destination port numbers. Packet filtering can also be performed based on the type of service (TOS), DSCP, and address wildcard.

By using the ACL, operators can select data flows that must be encrypted and authenticated by IPsec, which is applied to guarantee data flow security.

In eRAN3.0, the layer-2 filter implements ACL. At layer 2, ACL rules will filter packages by VLAN IDs. The eNodeB can identify the VLAN IDs of the packages, and only packages with the correct VLAN ID will be allowed.

In eRAN3.0, eNodeBs support IPsec for IPv6 on the data flows selected based on the ACL.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesNone

2.2.5 TDLOFD-003015 Access Control based on 802.1xAvailability



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SummaryeNodeBs support authentication on the transmission network using IEEE 802.1x (Port-Based Network Access Control). Authentication is performed based on the device certificate.

BenefitsThis feature provides digital certificate authentication between the eNodeB and LAN switch, improving network security.

DescriptionIEEE 802.1x (Port-Based Network Access Control) uses the physical access characteristics of IEEE 802 LAN infrastructures to provide a method of authenticating and authorizing devices attached to a LAN port that has point-to-point connection characteristics. IEEE 802.1x also prevents access to that port if the authentication and authorization process fails.

IEEE802.1x authentication and authorization use the framework of Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), and are performed for the eNodeB, LAN switch, and AAA server (RADIUS server).

Figure 2-1 eRAN 802.1x application scenario

Before the authentication and authorization process is complete, only Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPoL) packets can cross the LAN switch. All other packets will be discarded by the LAN switch.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesPeer devices must support IEEE 802.1x.

This feature requires TDLOFD-003010 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI).


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2.3 Reliability2.3.1 TDLOFD-001018 S1-flexAvailability


SummaryThis feature is part of the MME pool solution, which must be supported by both the eNodeB and the MME. It allows an eNodeB to connect to multiple MMEs simultaneously.

In LTE TDD eRAN2.0, Huawei eNodeBs support a maximum of 16 S1 interfaces. One S1 interface can be connected to one or more MMEs.


Increased S1 interface flexibility. Increases overall usage of the MME pool capacity. Improves the performance of load sharing across MMEs in a pool. Prevents unnecessary EPC signaling when the UE moves within the MME pool area.

The served MME of the UE does not change.

DescriptionFigure 2-1 illustrates the topology between MME pools and eNodeBs.

Figure 2-1 Topology between MME pools and eNodeBs

When an eNodeB connects to an MME pool, the eNodeB must determine which MME in the pool will receive UE signaling:


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If the UE sends the MME information in an RRC signaling message, the eNodeB will select the MME based on this information.

If the UE does not send the MME information or the registered MME is not connected to the eNodeB, the eNodeB will select an MME in one of the following ways:− Topology-based MME pool selection

The MME is selected based on the network topology to reduce the possibility of MME switching during mobility.

− Load-based MME selectionThe MME is selected based on its capacity and load. The eNodeB can be informed of MME capacity during S1 setup. When an MME is overloaded, the eNodeB will limit new UE assignments to the MME according to overload action information, which the MME sends to the eNodeB when overload starts.

EnhancementIn LTE TDD eRAN6.0, the priority-based MME selection method is added. When MMEs or the S1 interfaces to MMEs are assigned different priorities, the MME with the highest priority is preferentially selected. If multiple MMEs have the highest priority, the MME with the lowest load among them is preferentially selected. An MME with a low priority is selected only when all high-priority MMEs are faulty or overloaded.

DependenciesThe MME must support the MME pool function.

2.3.2 TDLOFD-003004 Ethernet OAMTDLOFD-00300401 Ethernet OAM_(IEEE 802.3ah)


SummaryEthernet OAM (IEEE 803.3ah) provides fault isolation and troubleshooting capabilities for point-to-point (P2) Ethernet services.

BenefitsEthernet OAM is available between two directly connected devices.

DescriptionEthernet OAM is a protocol at the MAC layer. This protocol facilitates the operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM) of Ethernet.

Ethernet OAM includes IEEE 802.3ah and 802.1ag.

802.3ah supports P2P OAM between two directly connected devices. 802.1ag provides the E2E OAM function.


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The basic functions supported by IEEE 802.3ah are as follows:

Discovery: OAM session setup procedure. A device periodically sends OAM protocol data units (PDUs) to check whether its peer device supports IEEE 802.3ah.

Remote failure indication: A device sends OAM PDUs to inform its peer device of faults when detected. Faults may include a link fault, dying gasp, or critical event.

Link monitoring: A device supports link bit error rate (such as error frame and error signal) monitoring. When the error rate exceeds a threshold, the device reports the event to the peer device by sending OAM PDUs.

Remote loopback: A sends a loopback control PDU, instructing the peer device to loop back. Loopback helps locate the fault and test link quality.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesPeer devices must support IEEE802.3ah.Ethernet interfaces are used.

This feature cannot be used with TDLOFD-001134 Virtual Routing & Forwarding.

.

2.3.3 TDLOFD-003005 OM Channel BackupAvailability


SummaryThis feature allows an eNodeB to use an alternative OM channel if the primary OM channel is faulty.

BenefitsThis feature ensures OM channel reliability.

DescriptionIn the OM channel backup solution, there are two OM channels: primary and secondary. Each channel is configured with an OM IP address. In general, only the primary channel is activated. When the primary channel is faulty, the secondary channel is activated.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThe peer devices (transmission network and core network) must support this feature.


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2.3.4 TDLOFD-003006 IP Route BackupAvailability


SummaryThis feature allows an eNodeB to use an alternative IP route if the primary IP route is faulty.

BenefitsThis feature ensures reliability at the IP layer.

DescriptionTwo IP routes can be configured with the same destination IP address but different next-hop addresses and priorities. The route with the higher priority is usually activated. When this route is faulty, the route with the lower priority will be activated (for example, through network ping).

EnhancementNone

DependenciesPeer devices must support this feature.

2.3.5 TDLOFD-003007 Bidirectional Forwarding DetectionAvailability


SummaryBFD (BFD) is a bidirectional-detecting mechanism used to detect faults on IP routes.


Detects network faults. Achieves reliability and high availability of Ethernet services and helps the service

provider to provide economical and efficient advanced Ethernet services.

DescriptionBFD is a method for IP connectivity failure detection that periodically transmits BFD packets between two nodes. When no BFD packets are received during the detection interval, failure


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is declared and related recovery actions will be triggered, such as IP routes, to prevent service drops. BFD can quickly detect the failure, making it useful for telecom services on IP networks.

eNodeBs support two BFD types:

One-hop BFDThere is only one router on the IP path between two NEs. One-hop BFD is used to detect gateway availability when a router is used.

Multi-hop BFDThere is at least one router on the IP path between two NEs. Multi-hop BFD is used to detect the connectivity between two NEs, for example, between two eNodeBs, between the eNodeB and S-GW or MME, and between the eNodeB and transport equipment.

Figure 2-1 illustrates one-hop and multi-hop BFD application scenarios.

Figure 2-1 One-hop and multi-hop BFD application scenarios

EnhancementNone

DependenciesPeer devices must support BFD when BFD is used to detect faults on IP routes.Ethernet interfaces are used.

2.3.6 TDLOFD-003008 Ethernet Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad)Availability


SummaryThis feature binds several Ethernet links to one logical link.


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Enhances the reliability of Ethernet links between eNodeBs and transport equipment. Balances load on Ethernet links between the eNodeB and transport equipment and

increases the link bandwidth.

DescriptionEthernet link aggregation is a protocol defined in IEEE 802.3ad.

IEEE 802.3ad defines the link aggregation control protocol (LACP) used to detect link status in a link group.

The eNodeB supports static LACP, with parameters of a link group configured manually. Fault detecting also uses the LACP.

Figure 2-1 illustrates Ethernet link aggregation.

Figure 2-1 Ethernet link aggregation

EnhancementNone


The transport equipment directly connected to eNodeBs must support this feature.

Ethernet interfaces are used.


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3 O&M

3.1 SON Self-Configuration3.1.1 TDLOFD-002001 Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR) Availability


SummaryWhen this feature is enabled, the eNodeB uses algorithms to automatically plan and configure neighbor relationships, resolving issues with incorrect neighbor relationship configuration.

BenefitThis feature provides the following benefits:

Manual configuration is not required, reducing workload and OPEX. Missing or incorrect neighbor relationships can be identified or optimized, eliminating

handover failures caused by missing or incorrect neighbor relationship configuration. Physical cell identifier (PCI) conflict detection can be triggered.

DescriptionANR can automatically add and update neighbor relationships in the neighboring relation table (NRT). However, the manual configuration of NRT attributes, including NO HO and NO REMOVAL, have higher priority than the ANR algorithm. For example, if an operator sets up NO REMOVAL, ANR will not remove this record from the NRT.

Figure 3-1 shows the ANR process.


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Figure 3-1 ANR

The ANR process consists of the following steps:

2. The eNodeB instructs the UE for which the LTE frequency must be measured.The UE sends a measurement report regarding cell B. This report contains the PCI of cell B, but does not include its global cell identity (GCI).

3. The eNodeB instructs the UE to use the newly discovered PCI as the parameter to read the GCI of the related neighboring cell. The eNodeB may schedule appropriate gaps for the UE to read the GCI of the neighboring cell because the UE must decode the broadcasted GCI of the new cell.

4. After the UE reads the GCI of the new cell, it reports the detected GCI to the serving eNodeB.

The eNodeB determines that this neighbor relationship should be added and uses the PCI and GCI to perform the following operations:

Searches a transport layer address to the new eNodeB. OM or MME search mechanisms have already been standardized by the 3GPP.

Updates its NRT.

The eNodeB or serving cell finds a new neighboring cell by using one of the following methods:

The PCI of the neighboring cell is reported to the eNodeB in the UE measurement report. Then, the eNodeB instructs the UE to read the GCI of the new neighboring cell.

The GCI of the neighboring cell is sent to the eNodeB in the UE history information of the HANDOVER REQUEST, and then the eNodeB requests the PCI of the new neighboring cell.

After the eNodeB adds the new neighboring cell, the PCI conflict detection procedure can be activated. For details on PCI conflict detection, see section 3.1.1 "TDLOFD-002001 Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR) ."

If required, an X2 link establishment can also be activated through the automatic transport setup function in TDLOFD-002004 Self-configuration.


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Periodic ANR is supported. Measurements are periodically performed to select and configure UEs to report the strongest LTE cells. If a UE reports an unknown PCI, the eNodeB triggers an ANR measurement to determine the corresponding GCI. Periodic ANR improves handover performance.

In LTE TDD eRAN2.1, the ANR feature is enhanced with the following administration function:

Log: records the key event during the SON process.

Operators can use log information to perform queries, collect statistics, and analyze the feature running process and key event.

EnhancementIn LTE TDD eRAN6.1, the eNodeB supports automatic setting of the NO HO attribute.

ANR can automatically identify the neighboring cells with a low handover success rate, and set NoHoFlag to FORBID_HO_ENUM(Forbid Ho) to prohibit handovers to them. This function reduces handover failures and increases the handover success rate. As a result, ANR focuses on incorrect neighbor relationship configuration.

DependenciesThis feature requires the following features:

OSS feature WOFD-180600 Automatic Neighbor Relation Optimization -LTE TDLBFD-002017 DRX

UEs must support ANR and DRX.

3.1.2 TDLOFD-002007 PCI Collision Detection & Self-OptimizationAvailability


SummaryThis feature detects PCI collision by using ANR.

BenefitseNodeB can automatically detect PCI collision.

DescriptionThe PCI is an essential configuration parameter of an E-UTRAN cell. It corresponds to a unique combination of one orthogonal sequence and one pseudo-random sequence. In an LTE system, there are only 504 physical cell IDs that can be repeated for a large scale eNodeB deployment. The two cells that share a PCI cannot be geographically close. Otherwise, they will interfere with each other.


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When a new eNodeB is deployed, a PCI, used to transmit data over the cell, must be selected for each of its supported cells to prevent collision with neighboring cells that cause interference and service deterioration. The PCI assignment must meet the following conditions:

Collision-free: The PCI is unique in a certain geographical area. Confusion-free: The PCI of a cell cannot be the same as that of any neighboring cell.

Whenever an eNodeB adds a new neighbor relationship, the PCI collision detection procedure is triggered to check for possible PCI collision within the neighboring cells.

In LTE TDD eRAN2.1, PCI collision detection is enhanced with self-optimization implemented in the EMS to resolve any detected collisions. To allocate the optimal candidate PCIs for all cells and minimize the interference among neighboring cells, PCIs are assigned based on the site engineering information (longitude, latitude, azimuth), GCI, and neighboring cell list.

For micro eNodeBs, if the preceding information cannot be provided, the algorithms can also allocate the optimal candidate PCI for the micro cell based on the PCIs of its neighboring cells. The neighboring cell information can be obtained by ANR. The newly assigned PCI has three possible delivery methods:

Immediate and automatic delivery: The EMS will deliver the new PCI to the eNodeB as soon as it is generated.

Regular and automatic delivery: The EMS will deliver the new PCI on a cycle time basis.

Manually confirmed delivery: The EMS will generate a notice for confirmation before delivering the new PCI to the eNodeB

The PCI collision detection and self-optimization feature is enhanced with the following administration functions:

Configuration: − Policy setting: operators can configure some policies for the feature, such as the

optimization analysis mode.− Break point: operators can configure break points to increase feature control

capability. The algorithm can be stopped at the break points and operator confirmation is needed for process continuity.

LogRecords the key event during the SON process. Operators can use log information to perform queries, collect statistics, and analyze the feature running process and key event.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThis feature requires the OSS feature WOFD-170200 Automatic PCI Optimization –LTE.


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3.2 SON Self-Optimization3.2.1 TDLOFD-001032 Intra-LTE Load BalancingAvailability


SummaryThis feature balances load between the serving cell and the inter-frequency neighboring cells.


Utilizes the network resource efficiently. Improves system capacity. Reduces the possibility of system overload. Improves the access success rate.

DescriptionIn a commercial LTE network, some serving cells have high load but the load of neighboring cells is low because of service differentiation. To resolve this problem, the eNodeB uses the load balancing algorithm.

The serving cell measures the cell load and receives the neighboring cell load at the same time. The serving cell evaluates the load and determines whether to perform a handover to a neighboring cell.

If the serving cell load is very high and exceeds a specific threshold but the neighboring cell load is low, some UEs are handed over to neighboring cells in advance.

The cell load is defined as the PRB utilization rate. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.314.

There is only one type of inter-frequency load balancing: active load balancing. The active load balancing procedure includes the following steps: load measurement and evaluation, load information exchanges, and load balance decision.

In an LTE system, load balancing applies when coverage is overlapped by multiple inter-frequency LTE cells.

EnhancementIn LTE TDD eRAN6.0, eNodeBs dynamically balance load between sectors based on the load difference between these sectors. The load difference can be configured.

DependenciesNone.


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3.2.2 TDLOFD-001123 Enhanced Intra-LTE Load BalancingAvailability


SummaryIt can resolve the unbalance between the service cell and the inter-frequency neighbor cells in the same eNodeB.

BenefitsIt can utilize the network resource fully and improve the UE throughput by balancing the load between the neighbor cells.

DescriptionIn some situation of commercial LTE network, UEs in some serving cells have poor throughput but other UEs in neighbor cells have high throughput because of the differentiation of UE Number in cell. Under this condition, it can trigger enhanced load balancing algorithm.

The serving cell measures the cell Ue Number and receives the neighboring cell's Ue number at the same time. The serving cell evaluates the Ue number difference and decides whether to perform a handover to neighboring cell. If the serving cell Ue number is higher than the neighboring cell's Ue number, some UEs begin to be handed over to neighboring cell in advance.

Selecting proper UE to handover, the overlap range difference of serving cell and neighboring cell is considering, it is prior to selecting central UE to handover to small range neighbor cell, and it is prior to selecting marginal UE to handover to big range neighbor cell.

The load balancing procedure includes the following steps: load measurement and evaluation, load information exchanges, load balance decision, exection of measurement and handover.

Enhanced Intra-LTE load balancing is used in the scenario of coverage overlapped between multiple multiple inter-frequency LTE cells.

EnhancementNone.

DependenciesThe serving cell and inter-frequency cell must deployed in the same eNodeB for enhanced load balancing.


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3.2.3 TDLOFD-002005 Mobility Robust Optimization (MRO)Availability


SummaryMRO optimizes typical mobility control parameter settings to prevent ping-pong handovers, premature handovers, and delayed handovers.

BenefitsThis feature simplifies network maintenance and reduces labor cost in typical and common mobility optimization scenarios.

DescriptionDuring MRO, the cell individual offset (CIO) mainly needs to be adjusted.

The CIO explicitly declares the handover threshold between signal quality measurement results from the source and target cells. Therefore, adjusting the CIO will significantly speed up or delay handovers.

Both premature and delayed handovers are captured at the source eNodeB because the source eNodeB is informed of delayed handovers that have been prepared by the UE context release mechanism. Only outgoing handover failures are captured. There is no need to capture incoming handovers.

During handover preparation, the source eNodeB sends UE history information to the target eNodeB, which helps to reduce ping-pong handovers. When the UE History Information is received, the target eNodeB identifies the ping-pong handover if the GCI of the second newest cell is equal to that of the target cell and the duration that the UE camps in the source cell is shorter than a ping-pong time threshold. To prevent ping-pong handover, decrease the CIO value.

Huawei LTE TDD eNodeBs support intra-frequency Mobility Robust Optimization.

The following administration functions are also supported:

Switch: Provided to enable or disable the MRO feature. Log: records the key event during the SON process. Operators can use log information to

perform queries, collect statistics, and analyze the feature running process and key event.

EnhancementIn LTE TDD eRAN6.0, UE-level MRO against ping-pong handovers is introduced. The eNodeB identifies ping-pong UEs and sends corresponding UE-level MRO parameters to these UEs. This type of MRO reduces the number of ping-pong handovers, reduces UE resource usage, and improves UE quality of experience (QoE).

The UE-level MRO algorithm is independent of the cell-level MRO algorithm. They are controlled by different switches.


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DependenciesNone

3.3 SON Self-Healing3.3.1 TDLOFD-002011 Antenna Fault DetectionAvailability


SummaryAntenna system and radio frequency (RF) channel faults are caused by the following:

Incorrect project installation during creation, relocation, or optimization.

Natural or external changes.

This feature detects faults on LTE antennas and allows users to detect and locate antenna faults. In addition, this feature does not require additional instruments for measuring eNodeBs at the site.

BenefitsThis feature improves the efficiency and accuracy of fault diagnosis and reduces project cost.

DescriptionThe antenna system plays an important role in mobile communications. The performance of the entire network is affected by the following problems:

Inappropriate type or location of the antenna system Incorrectly configured parameters of the antenna system Faulty antenna system

This feature allows eNodeBs to detect the following faults and report related alarms:

Weak received signal Imbalance of received signals between the main and the diversity Abnormal voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)

EnhancementNone

DependenciesNone


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3.3.2 TDLOFD-002012 Cell Outage Detection and CompensationAvailability


SummaryThis feature allows eNodeB to automatically detect cell outage and adjust mobility-related RRM parameters to compensate outage cells.

BenefitsThis feature shortens the duration required to detect cell outages and maintains user services in the outage cell to the extent possible.

DescriptionCell outage is a critical situation, especially when there is only one frequency or RAT. It leads to service failure or significant KPI degradation. If there are alternative frequencies/RATs, hand over UEs from the outage cell to the inter-frequency or inter-RAT cell instead of compensating the coverage of surrounding cells.

This feature consists of cell outage detection, RRM compensation, and cell outage recovery.

Cell outage detectionMonitors both pre-defined alarms and cell KPIs in real time. According to the pre-defined alarms, the system detects whether the cell is out of service. KPI monitoring helps detect abnormal outage cases that will not trigger alarms through cell KPI degradation, including sleeping cells. Note that the KPI threshold is configurable by operators.

RRM compensationAdjusts the mobility-related RRM parameters to allow UE handovers to the surrounding cells for service continuity. In addition, the outage cell is added into the blacklist to prevent handover or reselection from neighboring cells. The priority for handover triggering is defined in the mobility features to maintain service continuity.

Cell outage recoveryAfter cell outage is detected, the system recovers the cell. After outage recovery, the system reverses the compensation.

EnhancementTo accelerate the cell outage detection process, LTE TDD eRAN6.0 introduces the assisted cell outage detection method. This method is independent of KPI measurement and detects cell outage by checking internal eNodeB counters at 5 minute intervals. When the counter values exceed the specified thresholds, the eNodeB reports the check results to the M2000. The M2000 then determines that a cell outage has occurred.


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DependenciesThis feature requires the OSS feature WOFD-171000 Cell Outage Detection and Recovery –LTE.

If an operator has deployed a GSM and UMTS network, RRM compensation can be improved by using these two optional features:

TDLOFD-001019 PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-UTRAN and UTRAN TDLOFD-001020 PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-UTRAN and GERAN.

3.4 Power Saving3.4.1 TDLOFD-001039 RF Channel Intelligent ShutdownAvailability


SummaryIn MIMO mode, the carrier for a cell is transferred through different transmission channels. When no data is transmitted in the cell, the carrier can be switched off on part of the transmission channels. In this way, the power consumption of the eNodeB without data transmission is decreased. When data is to be transmitted in the cell, the carrier can be switched on automatically to have the cell work normally again.

BenefitsThis feature reduces eNodeB power consumption.

DescriptionIn the LTE system, an eNodeB is usually configured with two or four antennas. The traffic in the cell varies by time and operators can customize periods accordingly. In certain periods, for example, from midnight to the early morning hours, no data is transmitted. When the eNodeB detects an idle state, it switches off the carrier on one transmission channel (if there are two transmission channels) or on two transmission channels (if there are four transmission channels) to decrease power consumption. When a UE accesses the cell or the period ends, the eNodeB can automatically switch on the carrier that has been switched off. The cell then recovers and continues with services.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThis feature requires the following features:

TDLOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO


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OSS feature WOFD-200200 Base Station Power-Saving Management -LTE




3.4.2 TDLOFD-001040 Low Power Consumption ModeAvailability


SummaryIn some scenarios, such as a power outage, an eNodeB can be instructed to work in low power consumption mode. This mode can help prolong the in-service time of an eNodeB powered by battery.

BenefitsWhen an eNodeB is derated, its power consumption is reduced and its in-service time powered by battery is prolonged. Therefore, the possibility of the eNodeB being out of service is reduced even during periods of extended power outages.

DescriptionLow power consumption mode is implemented in four levels. If the power supply has not recovered to its normal state and the power consumption of a level reaches the time threshold preset by the operator, the eNodeB enters the low power consumption mode of the next level until the cell is out of service.

Low power consumption mode of the eNodeB is triggered by one of the following conditions:

Power system alarmsIf the power insufficiency or power failure lasts for the period preset by the operator, an alarm is reported to trigger low power consumption mode of the eNodeB.

Command delivered by the EMSThe operator can deliver a command through the EMS to instruct the eNodeB to enter or exit low power consumption mode.

EnhancementNone


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This feature requires the OSS feature WOFD-200200 Base Station Power-Saving Management -LTE.

3.4.3 TDLOFD-001041 Power Consumption MonitoringAvailability


SummaryeNodeBs report the power consumption status to the EMS. On the EMS, operators can monitor the change in eNodeB power consumption and generate a power consumption report.

BenefitsThis feature allows operators to determine the exact benefits brought by the decrease in power consumption.

DescriptionThe eNodeB periodically checks the power of each monitoring point and reports the power consumption within a period. The EMS receives and collects all power consumption data. On the EMS, the operator can monitor the change in power consumption and analyze power consumption according to a statistics report generated by the EMS.

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThis feature requires the OSS feature WOFD-200200 Base Station Power-Saving Management -LTE.

RRU3702 cannot support this feature.


3.4.4 TDLOFD-001042 Intelligent Power-Off of Carriers in the Same CoverageAvailability



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SummaryWhen traffic is light in an area covered by multiple carriers, some of the carriers can be blocked, and all services can be automatically taken over by the carriers that remain in service. When the traffic increases to a certain degree, the carriers that have been blocked can be automatically unblocked to again provide services.

BenefitsThis feature helps reduce eNodeB power consumption without any impact on service quality.

DescriptionWhen multiple carriers provide coverage for the same area, the traffic in the area varies by time and operators can customize periods accordingly. In certain periods, for example, from midnight to the early morning hours, the traffic is light. When the eNodeB detects light traffic, it shifts UEs to some of the carriers and then blocks the carriers without any load. In this way, the power consumption is reduced. When the traffic increases or the preset period ends, the eNodeB can automatically switch on the carriers that have been blocked to recover functionality. In this way, the system capacity is increased without any impact on the service quality.

EnhancementIn eRAN3.1, RRU can adjust the power amplifier voltage according to the remaining carriers after the carrier shutdown. If two carriers are configured and a carrier is shut down, the RRU reduces the voltage of the power amplifier according to the remaining carrier to reduce power consumption.


This feature requires either of the following features:

TDLBFD-00201802 Coverage Based Inter-frequency Handover OSS feature WOFD-200200 Base Station Power-Saving Management -LTE

3.4.5 TDLOFD-001056 PSU Intelligent Sleep Mode Availability


SummaryWith this feature, certain power supply units (PSUs) can be powered on or off according to the power consumption of the eNodeB to reduce the power consumption. For example, three PSUs are configured for a light-traffic eNodeB. After this feature is enabled, the eNodeB power consumption can decrease by 4% to 5%.

BenefitsWhen traffic is light, the eNodeB can power off certain PSUs to reduce power consumption.


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DescriptionWhen an eNodeB with AC input is configured with Huawei PSUs (that are used to convert AC power into DC power) and Huawei PMU, this feature can be enabled. The number of configured PSUs depends on the maximum power consumption of the eNodeB and ensures that the eNodeB operates properly even at the maximum load. In most cases, the eNodeB does not operate with a full load, and therefore the PSUs do not operate with full power. Generally, the PSU conversion efficiency is proportional to its output power. Therefore, the decrease in the conversion efficiency increases the overall power consumption of the eNodeB.

When the eNodeB is powered by multiple PSUs, the PSU intelligent shutdown function allows the eNodeB to shut down one or several PSUs according to the actual load and power supply demand. In this way, the remaining PSUs work in full load mode, ensuring efficiency.

EnhancementNone


eNodeBs with AC input must be configured with Huawei PSUs and Huawei PMU.

3.4.6 TDLOFD-001070 Symbol Power SavingAvailability

This feature was introduced in LTE TDD eRAN3.0

SummaryThis feature allows eNodeBs to shut down the PAs in the time of empty symbols. Multimedia broadcast multicast service single frequency network (MBSFN) subframes can be used to reduce the reference signal further, and therefore more empty symbols are available for PAs to shut down.

BenefitsThis feature reduces the static power consumption of PAs, and therefore reduces eNodeB power consumption.

DescriptionPAs consume the most power in eNodeBs. A PA consumes static power even if no signal is transmitted. If the PA supports fast power-on and power-off, the eNodeB can use symbol power saving.

The eNodeB can shut down the PAs in the time of empty symbols to save the static power consumption of the PA. To guarantee data integrity, the system must control the time when the PA is switched on and off.

For example, when there are no active users in the cell and only RSs must be transmitted in some subframes, the PA can be shut down in the OFDM symbols without RSs.


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If the cell is not configured with the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS), the eNodeB must add some of the empty subframes to MBSFN subframes for further power saving. When one subframe is configured as an MBSFN subframe, only the first RS must be transmitted over the air interface. No data is transmitted in the remaining symbols so that the PA can be shut down for those symbols to reduce power consumption.

Figure 3-1 Symbol power saving

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThis feature only applies to macro eNodeBs.


MBSFN subframe configuration requires that UEs can identify and apply the MBSFN subframe configuration related to the serving and neighbor cells.

This feature is only supported by the RRU3232 and RRU3235.

3.4.7 TDLOFD-001071 Intelligent Battery Management Availability


SummaryWith this feature, the battery management mode automatically changes depending on the selected grid type, which prolongs the battery lifespan.

The battery self-protection function is triggered under high temperature to prevent battery overuse and subsequent damage.


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The battery runtime is displayed after the mains supply is cut off. By considering the runtime, operators can take proactive measures to prevent service interruption due to power supply cutoff.


Prolongs battery lifespan Reduces energy consumption Reduces OPEX Improves system stability

Description Automatic change of the battery management mode:

The PMU board records the number of times power supply is cut off and the duration of each cutoff. Then, the PMU board determines which grid type is selected and correspondingly activates a specific power management mode. In grid types 1 and 2, batteries can enter a hibernation state in which batteries do not charge or discharge, which helps prolong battery lifespan.

Power Supply Cutoff Duration Within 15 Days (Hours)

Grid Type

Charge and Discharge Mode

Current Limitation Valve

Hibernation Voltage (V)

Hibernation Duration (Days)

Estimated Battery Lifespan Improvement Rate

≤ 5 1 Mode A 0.10 C 52 13 100%

5 to 30 2 Mode B 0.15 C 52 6 50%

30 to 120 3 Mode C 0.15 C N/A N/A 0%

≥ 120 4 Mode C 0.15 N/A N/A 0%

This function is under license control. In addition, this function is disabled by default and can be enabled by running an MML command.

Self-protection under high temperature:When batteries work at a temperature exceeding the threshold for entering the floating charge state for 5 minutes, they enter this state and no alarms are generated.When batteries work at a temperature exceeding the threshold for the self-protection function for 5 minutes, they are automatically powered off or the battery voltage is automatically adjusted.

Battery runtime display:After the mains supply is cut off, the eNodeB calculates the runtime of batteries based on the remaining power capacity, discharge current, and other data. This runtime can be queried by running an MML command.The following formula is used to calculate the runtime of batteries:


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Runtime of batteries = (Remaining power capacity x Total power capacity x Discharge efficiency)/(Mean discharge current x Aging coefficient)

EnhancementNone

DependenciesThis feature only applies to the power module PMU02B.


3.5 Antenna Management3.5.1 TDLOFD-001024 Remote Electrical Tilt ControlAvailability


SummaryThis feature improves OM efficiency and minimizes the OM cost for adjusting the downtilt of the remote electrical tilt (RET) antenna. Huawei LTE RET solution complies with AISG2.0 specifications and is backward compatible with AISG1.1 specifications.


RET antennas at multiple sites can be adjusted remotely within a short period. This improves efficiency and reduces the cost of network optimization.

RET antennas can be adjusted in all weather conditions. RET antennas can be deployed at sites with difficult access. RET downtilt adjustment keeps the coverage pattern undistorted, strengthening the

antenna signal and reducing neighboring cell interference.

DescriptionThe RET is an antenna system whose downtilt is controlled electrically and remotely.

After an antenna is installed, the downtilt of the antenna must be adjusted to optimize the network. In this situation, the signal phases that reach the array antenna elements can be adjusted under the electrical control. The vertical pattern of the antenna can then be changed.

The phase shifter inside the antenna can be adjusted by using the step motor outside the antenna. The downtilt of the RET antenna can be adjusted when the system is powered on, and the downtilt can be monitored in real time. Therefore, the remote precise adjustment of the downtilt of the antenna can be achieved.


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EnhancementNone

DependenciesThis feature is unavailable when an RRU3232, RRU3252, or RRU3256 is split into two 2T2R RRUs.



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A Acronyms and Abbreviations

Numerics

1xCS IWS Circuit Switched Fallback Interworking Solution Function for 3GPP2 1xCS

3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project

A

ACK acknowledgment

ACL access control list

AES advanced encryption standard

AFC automatic frequency control

AH authentication header

AMBR aggregate maximum bit rate

AMC adaptive modulation and coding

AMR adaptive multi-rate

ANR automatic neighbor relation

ARP allocation/retention priority

ARQ automatic repeat request


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B

BBU baseband unit

BCCH broadcast control channel

BCH broadcast channel

BE best effort

BLER block error rate

C

CAPEX capital expenditure

CCCH common control channel

CCO cell change order

CCU cell center user

CDMA2000 Code Division Multiple Access 2000

CDMA2000 1xRTT CDMA2000 1x radio transmission technology

CEU cell edge user

CGI cell global identification

C/I carrier-to-interference power ratio

CME Configuration Management Express

CP cyclic prefix

CPICH common pilot channel

CPRI common public radio interface

CPU central processing unit


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CQI channel quality indicator

CRC cyclic redundancy check

CPU central processing unit

CS circuit switched

D

DCCH dedicated control channel

DES data encryption standard

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DiffServ Differentiated Services

DL-SCH downlink shared channel

DRB data radio bearer

DRX discontinuous reception

DSCP differentiated services code point

DTCH dedicated traffic channel

E

ECM EPS control management

EDF early deadline first

EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

EF expedited forwarding

eHRPD evolved high rate packet data

EMM EPS mobility management


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EMS element management system

eNodeB E-UTRAN NodeB

EPC evolved packet core

EPS evolved packet system

E-RAB E-UTRAN radio access bearer

ESP Encapsulation Security Payload

ETWS Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System

E-UTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network

F

FCPSS fault, configuration, performance, security and software management

FDD frequency division duplex

FEC forward error correction

FTP File Transfer Protocol

G

GBR guaranteed bit rate

GERAN GSM/EDGE radio access network

GPS Global Positioning System

GSM Global System for Mobile Communications

GUL GSM/UMTS/LTE


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H

HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request

HII high interference indication

HMAC hash-based message authentication code

HMAC_MD5 HMAC message digest 5

HMAC_SHA HMAC secure hash algorithm

HO handover

HRPD high rate packet data

HSPA High Speed Packet Access

HSS home subscriber server

I

ICIC inter-cell interference coordination

IKEv Internet Key Exchange version

IMS IP multimedia service

IPPM IP performance monitoring

Ipsec IP security

IRC interference rejection combining

IV initial vector

K

KPI key performance indicator


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L

LAI location area identity

LMT local maintenance terminal

LTE Long Term Evolution

M

M2000 Huawei OMC

MAC Media Access Control

MCH multicast channel

MCCH multicast control channel

MCS modulation and coding scheme

MGW media gateway

MIB master information block

MinBR minimum bit rate

MIMO multiple-input multiple-output

MME mobility management entity

MML man-machine language

MOS mean opinion score

MRC maximum ratio combining

MTCH multicast traffic channel

MU-MIMO multi-user MIMO

N


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NACC network assisted cell changed

NACK negative acknowledgment

NAS non-access stratum

NE network element

NMS network management system

NRT neighboring relation table

O

OCXO oven controlled crystal oscillator

OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access

OI overload indicator

OMC operation and maintenance center

OOK on-off-keying

OPEX operating expense

P

PBCH physical broadcast channel

PCCH paging control channel

PCFICH physical control format indicator channel

PCH paging channel

PCI physical cell identifier

PDB packet delay budget


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PDCCH physical downlink control channel

PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol

PDH plesiochronous digital hierarchy

PDN packet data network

PDSCH physical downlink shared channel

PF proportional fair

P-GW PDN gateway

PHB per-hop behavior

PHICH physical HARQ indicator channel

PLMN public land mobile network

PM performance measurement

PMCH physical multicast channel

PRACH physical random access channel

PS packet switched

PUCCH physical uplink control channel

PUSCH physical uplink shared channel

Q

QAM quadrature amplitude modulation

QCI QoS class identifier

QoS quality of service

QPSK quadrature phase shift keying


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R

RA random access

RACH random access channel

RAM random access memory

RAN radio access network

RAT radio access technology

RB resource block

RCU radio control unit

RET remote electrical tilt

RF radio frequency

RIM RAN information management

RLC Radio Link Control

RNC radio network controller

RRC radio resource control

RRM radio resource management

RRU remote radio unit

RS reference signal

RSRP reference signal received power

RSRQ reference signal received quality

RSSI received signal strength indicator

RTT round trip time

RV redundancy version

RX receive


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S

S1 interface between the EPC and E-UTRAN

SBT smart bias tee

SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access

SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol

SDH synchronous digital hierarchy

SDMA space division multiple access

SeGW security gateway

SFBC space frequency block coding

SFN single frequency network

SFP small form-factor pluggable

S-GW serving gateway

SIB system information block

SID silence indicator

SINR signal to interference plus noise ratio

SPID subscriber profile ID

SRB signaling radio bearer

SRS sounding reference signal

SSL Secure Sockets Layer

STBC space time block coding

STMA smart tower-mounted amplifier


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T

TAC Transport Admission Control

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

TDD time division duplex

TMA tower-mounted amplifier

TMF traced message files

ToS type of service

TTI transmission time interval

TX transmit

U

UE user equipment

UL-SCH uplink shared channel

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

USB Universal Serial Bus

UTRAN universal terrestrial radio access network

V

VLAN virtual local area network

VoIP voice over IP

W

WRR weighted round robin


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X

X2 interface between eNodeBs


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Documents

Feature Description - Huawei - Building A Better · Web viewTDLOFD-001082 Inter-BBU Adaptive SFN/SDMA Interference Handling TDLOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining Availability