QUEZONIAN EDUCATIONAL COLLEGE INC.Business Administration Department

CHAPTER ITHE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGA. INTRODUCTION

Many businessman/businesswoman have been working with their personal computer, laptop or even netbooks. Some students, government officials, or employee and more, all people use some of those gadgets, some of us need some computer parts and accessories because it completes the function of the statement above.This feasibility study will help us to get ease for this problem we dont need to go too far, like in Lucena City, Manila or other City were some computer store placed, we dont need to spend a lot of money for fare and get tired or fatigues in delivering some heavy parts of the computer to our home/office (shop).Computer shops need also a maintenance to gain there business pride and get known by some costumers it repairs also to the good connection of internet by the used of inexpensive accessories. It connects to the general function to any units of the computer hardware and software. This store will help customers to be updated to all new products of computers.This feasibility study will be settled to the town of Atimonan, Quezon. The researcher will also study what will be the possible advantages and disadvantages of this kind of business. Computer functions and cultures are related to this study, to gain more knowledge on how the computer age started and why it is more useful today. This presentation of data is updated from 2012 to 2015.Computer parts and accessories help the function of computer more productivity, if it is always updated most of computers will became in the high quality. The goal of the study is to find more information and to build a relation between business and computer, which will help us to establish another kind of business.

B. SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS

There will be no Competitors Here in Atimonan, It is too easy to establish because of strong internet connection.

It has less number of personnel needed.

WEAKNESSES

The store should always be updated with the new products that the store/station needs to provide. The warranty of the sales is always in the product. The software needs is always updated.

THREATS

there will be no possible threats if there is a problem in internet connection and transportation of delivering the prepaid goods The defective goods that the factory release to the establishment.

OPPORTUNITY

Computer parts and accessories store will surely attract a great number of customers who own personal computer, computer shop, and a businessman who wanted to set-up a computer or internet shop. The people from nearby town who are entrepreneur of computer shops are more interested to this establishment.

C. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

GENERAL STATEMENT Feasibility Study of Setting-Up a Computer Store In The Town Of Atimonan, Quezon, Philippines 4331.

SUB PROBLEMSThe researcher aims to determine the following aspects of the computers, parts and accessories store/station:

1. The potential and the size of the possible target market.2. The location of the study where it will be accessible.3. The marketing strategy and the program for the business.4. The technical and operational requisites needed.5. The government regulation pertaining to this kind of business.6. The structure and manpower of the business.7. The capital requirement for the business venture.8. The financial feasibility of the proposed business venture.9. The contribution of the Computer parts and accessories store/station to the community.

D. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

For the researcher, he may gain more knowledge on how to establish this kind of business For the entrepreneurs, this study will serve as a guideline on how to establish a similar business For the readers, the researcher hoped that this study will improve their skill & thoughts about Computers, Parts and Accessories (Store/Station) For the future researchers, the researcher hoped that the information gained from this study will give them an additional knowledge if they want to undertake and work in a similar field

E. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The computer store that the researcher would like to propose in intended to the Personal Computer users (laptop, desktop, Etc.), Computers shops (proprietorship/ owners), and other business that needs the access of the computers. This study will serve as a guideline on how to establish a similar business, in Atimonan, Quezon. The growth of the technology in this modern or computer age will continue this study by reviving it for additional data.

F. CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORKThis figure 1 of conceptual framework shows the outline possible courses of action and presents a preferred approach to a proposed business venture.

G. DEFINITION OF TERMSBATTERIESA hardware device that supplies power to a device or appliance and enables that device or appliance to work without a power cord. BLANK MEDIA & MASS STORAGEThis refers to CD and DVD disc. CD, a compact disc is a flat round storage medium that is read by a laser in a CD-ROM drive. The standard CD is capable of holding 72 minutes of music or 650 MB of data. 80 minute CDs are also commonly used to store data and are capable of containing 700 MB of data.

CARD READERAcard readeris a data input device that reads data from a card-shapedstorage medium. The first werepunched card readers, which read the paper or cardboardpunched cardsthat were used during the first several decades of the computer industry to store information and programs for computer systems. Modern card readers are electronic devices that can read plastic cardsembeddedwith either abarcode,magnetic strip,computer chipor another storage medium. CD/DVD ROM DRIVESCD-ROM drives are CD-Players inside computers that has the capability of playing audio CDs and computer data CDs.DVD-RW Drive is a technology that enables a user to read and write to a DVD+RW or DVD+R disc several times.

COMPUTER CABLES AND CONNECTORSAlternatively referred to as acord,connectororplug, acableis one or morewirescovered in a plastic covering thatconnectsacomputerto a power source or other device. The picture is an example of what thepower cordmay look like for your computer or monitor. The power cord is just one example of millions of other cables found in and around computers. COMPUTER CASES/CHASSISThis is the housing that helps protect and organize all the components that make up your computer.

DESKTOP COMPUTERAdesktop computeris apersonal computerin a form intended for regular use at a single location desk/table due to its size andpower requirements, as opposed to alaptopwhose rechargeable battery and compact dimensions allow it to be regularly carried and used in different locations. The most common configuration is acomputer monitor, keyboard and mouse, and a case that houses the main components of the PC, namely thepower supply,motherboard,hard drive,optical drive, and previously thefloppy drive. DIGITAL VERSATILE DISC OR DIGITAL VIDEO DISC, DVD OR DVD-ROMis a type of disc drive that allows for large amounts of data on one disc, the same size of a standard Compact Disc.

ELECTRONIC GAMESAlternatively referred to as avideo game, agameis software code that has been designed to entertain or educate an individual. Today, computer gaming is a big business, and there are millions of different computer games that are enjoyed by people of all ages. The picture shows a screenshot of a computer game known asWarcraft IIbyBlizzard. HARD DRIVEComputer's main storage media device, also called a hard disk drive or abbreviated as HD or HDD.

HEAD SETA hardware device connected to a computer's sound card that outputs sounds generated by the card. (It is use always near the ears).

JOYSTICKAninput devicethat allows the user to control a character or machine in a computer program. They look similar to the control device you would find on an arcade game. For example, ajoystickallows an individual to move anobjectin agame; such as navigating a plane in aflight simulator. The picture shows theLogitechFreedom 2.4, an example of a Joystick. LAPTOPAlaptopor anotebookis a portablepersonal computerwith aclamshellform factor, suitable formobile use.There was a difference betweenlaptopsandnotebooksin the past, but nowadays it has gradually died away.Laptops are commonly used in a variety of settings, including at work, in education, and for personal multimedia.

MEMORY/RAMis a term commonly used to describe the memory within a computer.

MEMORY STICKAlso known as a USB flash drive, is a portable memory disk, a small device (about the size of your index finger) that connects to a computer's USB port and often is capable of storing 512MB, 1GB, or more.

MICE AND KEYBOARDSKeyboardis one of the main input devices used on a computer, a PC's keyboard looks very similar to the keyboards of electric typewriters, with some additional keys.Mouseis an input device that allows an individual to control a mouse pointer in a graphical user interface (GUI). Utilizing a mouse a user has the ability to perform various functions such as opening a program or file and does not require the user to memorize commands, like those used in a text-based environment such as MS-DOS.

MODEMSa hardware device that enables a computer to transmit and receive information over telephone lines. MONITOR & DISPLAYis a video display screen and the hard shell that holds it. Is use to view or watch over someone or something.

MOTHERBOARDis a printed circuit that is the foundation of a computer and allows the CPU, RAM, and all other computer hardware components to function with each other.

NETWORK CARDNetwork Interface Card, a NIC, also referred to as a "network adapter", is a printed circuit board containing the necessary hardware used to connect a computer to a network or other computer.

POWER BANKSupply Voltage. Your electronic device will need a certain voltage applied to it before it will charge the battery. If you charge it via USB, the voltage will be 5 volt and if yourpower bankhas a USB port, you're good to go POWER SUPPLYThe PS is an internal hardware component used to supply the components within the computer with power. Besides properly supplying power to the computer and all its internal components, the power supply also converts the AC electrical current found in most standard wall sockets throughout the United States into a lower DC voltage that the computer components use.

PRINTERSAn external hardware device responsible for taking computer data and generating a hard copy of that data. Printers are one of the most used peripherals on computers and are commonly used to print text, images, and/or photos.

PROCESSOR/CPUwas first developed by Intel in 1974. Unit. The computer CPU is responsible for handling all instructions and calculation it receives from other hardware components in the computer and software programs running on the computer.

SCANNERSHardware input device that allows a user to take an image and/or text and convert it into a digital file, allowing the computer to read and/or display the scanned object. A scanner is commonly connected to a computer USB, Firewire, Parallel or SCSI port.

SOUND CARDSAlso known as a sound board or an audio card, a sound card is an expansion card or integrated circuit that provides a computer with the ability to produce sound that can be heard by the user.

SPEAKERSA hardware device connected to a computer's sound card that outputs sounds generated by the card.

TV TUNERSA TV tuner card is a computer component that allows television signals to be received by a computer. Most TV tuners also function as video capture cards, allowing them to record television programs onto a hard disk.

UPS(UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY)Uninterruptible Power Supply, UPS is a hardware device that provides a backup power source in case of a power outage (blackout), brownout, or a surge in power. A UPS provides enough power for the computer or computers to shut down properly or to remain up during a temporary power outage.

VIDEO/GRAPHIC CARDSAlso known as a graphics card, video card, video board, or a video controller, a video adapter is an internal circuit board that allows a display device, such as a monitor, to display images from the computer.

VIDEO PROJECTORSA hardware device that enables an image, such as a computer screen, to be projected onto a flat surface. These devices are commonly used in meetings and presentations as they allow for a large image to be shown so everyone in a room can see.

WEBCAMSA camera connected to a computer or server that allows anyone connected to the Internet to view still pictures or motion video of a user.

CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDYA. COMPUTER IN THE PHILIPPINES[footnoteRef:1] [1: http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Computer_in_the_Philippines&action=title]

A.1 COMPUTER A computeris a device that accepts information in the form of digitalized data and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed. Complex computers also include the means for storing data including the program, which is also a form of data for some necessary duration. A program may be invariable and built into the computer (and called logic circuitry as it is on microprocessors) or different programs may be provided to the computer (loaded into its storage and then started by an administrator or user). Today's computers have both kinds of programming. Most histories of the modern computer begin with the Analytical Engine envisioned by Charles Babbage following the mathematical ideas of George Boole, the mathematician who first stated the principles of logic inherent in today's digital computer. Babbage's assistant and collaborator, Ada Lovelace, is said to have introduced the ideas of program loops and subroutines and is sometimes considered the first programmer. Apart from mechanical calculators, the first really useable computers began with the vacuum tube, accelerated with the invention of the transistor, which then became embedded in large numbers in integrated circuits, ultimately making possible the relatively low-cost personal computer.Modern computers inherently follow the ideas of the stored program laid out by John von Neumann in 1945. Essentially, the program is read by the computer one instruction at a time, an operation is performed, and the computer then reads in the next instruction, and so on. Recently, computers and programs have been devised that allow multiple programs (and computers) to work on the same problem at the same time in parallel. With the advent of the Internet and higher bandwidth data transmission, programs and data that are part of the same overall project can be distributed over a network and embody the Sun Microsystems slogan: "The network is the computer."

A.2 HISTORY OF THE COMPUTER IN THE PHILIPPINES[footnoteRef:2] [2: http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Computer_in_the_Philippines&action=history]

Computerswere introduced in the Philippines in the late 60's byInc., this computer was big and a whole room was needed to accommodate this computer, more commonly known as mainframes, their basic function was more on data storage, and not just anyone can operate the computer, it needed a highly trained technician to use it and translate its data, the language used by these computers wereBinary languagea series of 0's and 1's,it was not a user friendly machine and it was very expensive, in the Philippines only multi-national companies had one, in the mid 70's a highly evolved computer came in to the scne, Applewith itsApple1had a great impact on the Philippine market, this new computers were compact and space needed was very small, these computers were called mini's or personal computers popularly called PC's, this started an era of computerization in the Philippines, because of its affordability and the introduction of a new Operating System developed by Mr. Bill Gates, whos company was soon to be known as {Microsoft),made the use of computers very easy and almost all the companies as well as individuals made full use of them in their homes and in their business, the Windows 3-11 was born a new operating system that was very easy to use, during the 80's and 90's control for the computer market in the Philippines was intense, Apple came out with their Apple 11,Apple 11+,Apple 11 C's and the Apple mac's, In which IBM retaliated with their 256,286,386,486 and eventually with their Pentium class units P-1,P-2,P-3,which made IBM predominant in the field of computers in the Philippines, Before the turn of the century computers was a necessity rather than an luxury in the Philippines more and more schools are incorporating computer as part of their curriculum, the Filipinos has evolved to a new breed of men women and even children who are dependent on computers for their researches and school activities, companies in the Philippines are now relaying on these computers in their day today activities from payroll to communication via E-mail to their clients, and Filipinos are more and more aware of the importance of these gadgets in business and the countrys economy, In the early part of the 21rst century more and more different types of computer are being introduced to the Philippines, there are now laptops mini desktop's and more, proving the Philippines and its people the Filipinos are now part of the hi-tech community.A.3 COMPUTER COMPANIES AND DISTRIBUTORS IN THE PHILIPPINES[footnoteRef:3] [3: http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Computer_in_the_Philippines&action=distributors.]

Hitachi Global Storage Philippines Corporation IBM Philippines, Inc. Wistron Infocom (Philippines) Corporation Acer Philippines, Inc. Fujitsu Philippines

B. COMPUTER ETYMOLOGY AND HISTORY AS A WHOLE[footnoteRef:4] [4: Fuegi, J. and Francis, J. "Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes'".IEEE Annals of the History of Computing25 No.4 (OctoberDecember 2003):Digital Object Identifier]

The first use of the word computer was recorded in 1613 in a book called The yong mans gleanings by English writer Richard BraithwaitI haue read the truest computer of Times, and the best Arithmetician that euer breathed, and he reduceth thy dayes into a short number. It referred to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, a machine that carries out computations.B.1 HISTORY[footnoteRef:5] [5: Randell, Brian (1982)."From Analytical Engine to Electronic Digital Computer: The Contributions of Ludgate, Torres, and Bush". Retrieved 29 October 2013.]

Main article:History of computing hardwareRudimentary calculating devices first appeared in antiquity and mechanical calculating aids were invented in the 17th century. The first recorded use of the word "computer" is also from the 17th century, applied tohuman computers, people who performedcalculations, often as employment. The first computer devices were conceived of in the 19th century, and only emerged in their modern form in the 1940s.B.2 First general-purpose computing device[footnoteRef:6] [6: aKempf, Karl (1961).Historical Monograph: Electronic Computers Within the Ordnance Corps.Aberdeen Proving Ground(United States Army).]

A portion ofBabbage'sDifference engine.Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer andpolymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer. Considered the "father of the computer",[4]he conceptualized and invented the firstmechanical computerin the early 19th century. After working on his revolutionarydifference engine, designed to aid in navigational calculations, in 1833 he realized that a much more general design, anAnalytical Engine, was possible. The input of programs and data was to be provided to the machine viapunched cards, a method being used at the time to direct mechanicalloomssuch as theJacquard loom. For output, the machine would have a printer, a curve plotter and a bell. The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be read in later. The Engine incorporated anarithmetic logic unit,control flowin the form ofconditional branchingandloops, and integratedmemory, making it the first design for a general-purpose computer that could be described in modern terms asTuring-complete. The machine was about a century ahead of its time. All the parts for his machine had to be made by hand - this was a major problem for a device with thousands of parts. Eventually, the project was dissolved with the decision of theBritish Governmentto cease funding. Babbage's failure to complete the analytical engine can be chiefly attributed to difficulties not only of politics and financing, but also to his desire to develop an increasingly sophisticated computer and to move ahead faster than anyone else could follow. Nevertheless his son, Henry Babbage, completed a simplified version of the analytical engine's computing unit (themill) in 1888. He gave a successful demonstration of its use in computing tables in 1906.B.3 EARLY ANALOG COMPUTERS[footnoteRef:7] [7: Felt, Dorr E. (1916).Mechanical arithmetic, or The history of the counting machine. Chicago: Washington Institute.]

Sir William Thomson's third tide-predicting machine design, 187981During the first half of the 20th century, many scientificcomputingneeds were met by increasingly sophisticatedanalog computers, which used a direct mechanical or electrical model of the problem as a basis forcomputation. However, these were not programmable and generally lacked the versatility and accuracy of modern digital computers.The first modern analog computer was atide-predicting machine, invented bySir William Thomsonin 1872. Thedifferential analyser, a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration using wheel-and-disc mechanisms, was conceptualized in 1876 byJames Thomson, the brother of the more famous Lord Kelvin.The art of mechanical analog computing reached its zenith with thedifferential analyzer, built by H. L. Hazen andVannevar BushatMITstarting in 1927. This built on the mechanical integrators ofJames Thomsonand the torque amplifiers invented by H. W. Nieman. A dozen of these devices were built before their obsolescence became obvious.

B4. THE MODERN COMPUTER AGE BEGINS[footnoteRef:8] [8: Felt, Dorr E. (1916).Mechanical arithmetic, or The history of the counting machine. Chicago: Washington Institute.]

The principle of the modern computer was first described bycomputer scientistAlan Turing, who set out the idea in his seminal 1936 paper,[9]On Computable Numbers. Turing reformulatedKurt Gdel's 1931 results on the limits of proof and computation, replacing Gdel's universal arithmetic-based formal language with the formal and simple hypothetical devices that became known asTuring machines. He proved that some such machine would be capable of performing any conceivable mathematical computation if it were representable as analgorithm. He went on to prove that there was no solution to theEntscheidungsproblemby first showing that thehalting problemfor Turing machines isundecidable: in general, it is not possible to decide algorithmically whether a given Turing machine will ever halt.He also introduced the notion of a 'Universal Machine' (now known as aUniversal Turing machine), with the idea that such a machine could perform the tasks of any other machine, or in other words, it is provably capable of computing anything that is computable by executing a program stored on tape, allowing the machine to be programmable.Von Neumannacknowledged that the central concept of the modern computer was due to this paper.[10]Turing machines are to this day a central object of study intheory of computation. Except for the limitations imposed by their finite memory stores, modern computers are said to beTuring-complete, which is to say, they havealgorithmexecution capability equivalent to auniversal Turing machine.C. HARDWARE[footnoteRef:9] [9: www.wikipedia.com/hardware]

Main articles:Computer hardwareandPersonal computer hardwareThe termhardwarecovers all of those parts of a computer that are tangible objects. Circuits, displays, power supplies, cables, keyboards, printers and mice are all hardware.C.1 History of computing hardwareMain article:History of computing hardwareFirst generation (mechanical/electromechanical)CalculatorsPascal's calculator,Arithmometer,Difference engine,Quevedo's analytical machines

Programmable devicesJacquard loom,Analytical engine,IBM ASCC/Harvard Mark I,Harvard Mark II,IBM SSEC,Z1,Z2,Z3

Second generation (vacuum tubes)CalculatorsAtanasoffBerry Computer,IBM 604,UNIVAC 60,UNIVAC 120

Programmable devicesColossus,ENIAC,Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine,EDSAC,Manchester Mark 1,Ferranti Pegasus,Ferranti Mercury,CSIRAC,EDVAC,UNIVAC I,IBM 701,IBM 702,IBM 650,Z22

Third generation (discrete transistors and SSI, MSI, LSIintegrated circuits)MainframesIBM 7090,IBM 7080,IBM System/360,BUNCH

MinicomputerPDP-8,PDP-11,IBM System/32,IBM System/36

Fourth generation (VLSI integrated circuits)MinicomputerVAX,IBM System i

4-bitmicrocomputerIntel 4004,Intel 4040

8-bitmicrocomputerIntel 8008,Intel 8080,Motorola 6800,Motorola 6809,MOS Technology 6502,Zilog Z80

16-bitmicrocomputerIntel 8088,Zilog Z8000,WDC 65816/65802

32-bitmicrocomputerIntel 80386,Pentium,Motorola 68000,ARM

64-bitmicrocomputer[65]Alpha,MIPS,PA-RISC,PowerPC,SPARC,x86-64,ARMv8-A

Embedded computerIntel 8048,Intel 8051

Personal computerDesktop computer,Home computer,Laptop computer,Personal digital assistant(PDA),Portable computer,Tablet PC,Wearable computer

Theoretical/experimentalQuantum computer,Chemical computer,DNA computing,Optical computer,Spintronics based computer

C.1 Other hardware topicsPeripheral device(input/output)InputMouse,keyboard,joystick,image scanner,webcam,graphics tablet,microphone

OutputMonitor,printer,loudspeaker

BothFloppy disk drive,hard disk drive,optical discdrive,teleprinter

Computer bussesShort rangeRS-232,SCSI,PCI,USB

Long range (computer networking)Ethernet,ATM,FDDI

D. SOFTWAREMain article:Computer softwareSoftwarerefers to parts of the computer which do not have a material form, such as programs, data, protocols, etc. When software is stored in hardware that cannot easily be modified (such asBIOSROMin anIBM PC compatible), it is sometimes called firmware.Operating systemUnixandBSDUNIX System V,IBM AIX,HP-UX,Solaris(SunOS),IRIX,List of BSD operating systems

GNU/LinuxList of Linux distributions,Comparison of Linux distributions

Microsoft WindowsWindows 95,Windows 98,Windows NT,Windows 2000,Windows Me,Windows XP,Windows Vista,Windows 7,Windows 8

DOS86-DOS(QDOS),IBM PC DOS,MS-DOS,DR-DOS,FreeDOS

Mac OSMac OS classic,Mac OS X

Embeddedandreal-timeList of embedded operating systems

ExperimentalAmoeba,Oberon/Bluebottle,Plan 9 from Bell Labs

LibraryMultimediaDirectX,OpenGL,OpenAL

Programming libraryC standard library,Standard Template Library

DataProtocolTCP/IP,Kermit,FTP,HTTP,SMTP

File formatHTML,XML,JPEG,MPEG,PNG

User interfaceGraphical user interface(WIMP)Microsoft Windows,GNOME,KDE,QNX Photon,CDE,GEM,Aqua

Text-based user interfaceCommand-line interface,Text user interface

ApplicationOffice suiteWord processing,Desktop publishing,Presentation program,Database management system, Scheduling & Time management,Spreadsheet,Accounting software

Internet AccessBrowser,E-mail client,Web server,Mail transfer agent,Instant messaging

Design and manufacturingComputer-aided design,Computer-aided manufacturing, Plant management, Robotic manufacturing, Supply chain management

GraphicsRaster graphics editor,Vector graphics editor,3D modeler,Animation editor,3D computer graphics,Video editing,Image processing

AudioDigital audio editor,Audio playback, Mixing,Audio synthesis,Computer music

Software engineeringCompiler,Assembler,Interpreter,Debugger,Text editor,Integrated development environment,Software performance analysis,Revision control,Software configuration management

EducationalEdutainment,Educational game,Serious game,Flight simulator

GamesStrategy, Arcade,Puzzle, Simulation,First-person shooter,Platform,Massively multiplayer,Interactive fiction

MiscArtificial intelligence,Antivirus software,Malware scanner,Installer/Package management systems,File manager

E. LANGUAGESThere are thousands of different programming languagessome intended to be general purpose, others useful only for highly specialized applications.Programming languages

Lists of programming languagesTimeline of programming languages,List of programming languages by category,Generational list of programming languages,List of programming languages,Non-English-based programming languages

Commonly usedassembly languagesARM,MIPS,x86

Commonly usedhigh-level programming languagesAda,BASIC,C,C++,C#,COBOL,Fortran,Java,Lisp,Pascal,Object Pascal

Commonly usedscripting languagesBourne script,JavaScript,Python,Ruby,PHP,Perl

F. PROFESSIONS AND ORGANIZATIONSAs the use of computers has spread throughout society, there are an increasing number of careers involving computers.F.1 Computer-related professions

Hardware-relatedElectrical engineering,Electronic engineering,Computer engineering,Telecommunications engineering,Optical engineering,Nanoengineering

Software-relatedComputer science,Computer engineering,Desktop publishing,Humancomputer interaction, Information technology,Information systems,Computational science,Software engineering,Video game industry,Web design

The need for computers to work well together and to be able to exchange information has spawned the need for many standards organizations, clubs and societies of both a formal and informal nature.F.2 Organizations

Standards groupsANSI,IEC,IEEE,IETF,ISO,W3C

Professional societiesACM,AIS,IET,IFIP,BCS

Free/open source softwaregroupsFree Software Foundation,Mozilla Foundation,Apache Software Foundation