FEASIBILITY STUDY & DETAIL DESIGN … SSIP... · Web viewIt is source of home consumption food needs and source of cash that required to expense to fulfill other household needs including

Amhara National Regional State

Water, Irrigation and Energy Development Bureau

(BOWIED)

Feasibility Study and Detail Design

Of

Ambo Wuha Small-Scale Irrigation Project

Volume V: Socio Economy Study

Final Report

March, 2016

Bahir Dar

Client: Water, Irrigation and Energy Development Bureau(BoWIED)

Address : P.O.Box: 88Telephone: 0528-200853/855Fax: 251-08-20-65-68/204676/202040

Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Consultant: Amhara Design & Supervision Works Enterprise(ADSWE)

Address:P.O.Box: 1921Telephone: +251-582-181023/ 180638/181201/181254Fax: (058) 2180550/ (058) 2180560Website: www.adswe.com.et

Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

http://www.adswe.com.et/

Bureau of Water, Irrigation and Energy Development, Ambo Wuha Irrigation Project

FEASIBILITY STUDY & DETAIL DESIGN REPORT STRUCTURE

Volume I: Watershed Management

Volume II: Engineering Geology

Volume III: Irrigation Agronomy

Volume IV: Engineering Design

Volume V: Socio Economy

Volume VI: Environmental Impact Assessment

Volume VII: Economic and Financial Analysis

Feasibility Study & Detail Design Final Report, Socio-Economy Page ii


TABLE OF CONTENT

Table of Content............................................................................................................................iii

List of Tables..................................................................................................................................v

Acronyms and abbreviations.........................................................................................................vi

Executive summary.......................................................................................................................vii

1. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1

1.1. Background to the Study...................................................................................................................1

1.2. Project Objective..............................................................................................................................2

1.3 Study Methodology...........................................................................................................................2

1.4. Limitation of the study......................................................................................................................3

2. SURVEY RESULTS........................................................................................................................4

2. 1 Location of the project area..............................................................................................................4

2.2. Topographic and Climatic Situations..................................................................................................4

2.3. Water Source....................................................................................................................................4

2.4 Demography......................................................................................................................................4

2.5 Social Services and Infrastructures.....................................................................................................5

2.6 Institutions and Organization.............................................................................................................9

2.7 Fuel and Energy................................................................................................................................10

2.8. Land Holding and Use......................................................................................................................10

2.9. Agricultural Extension Service.........................................................................................................12

2.12. The Households Economy..............................................................................................................15

2.13. Gender Issues................................................................................................................................15

2.14. Tradition and Culture....................................................................................................................16

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3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC POTENTIALS AND CONSTRAINTS OF THE PROJECT AREA. .Error! Bookmark not

defined.

3.1 Potentials................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.1.1 Tourism Potentials...............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2. Main Socio-Economic Constraints...........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

4. THE PROJECT............................................................................................................................19

4.1. Project Rationale.............................................................................................................................19

4.2. Objectives.......................................................................................................................................19

4.3. Project Description..........................................................................................................................19

4.4. Existing Irrigation Practices and Community Attitude towards the Project.......................................19

4.5. Crops Proposed, Input Requirement, Yield Build-Up........................................................................21

5 Proposed Organizational and Management of the project.........................................................23

6. POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT....................................................................27

6.1. Negative Impacts............................................................................................................................27

6.2. Positive impacts..............................................................................................................................27

6.3. Situation of Downstream and Upstream Users................................................................................28

7. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...................................................................................29

7.1 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................29

7.2 Recommendation.............................................................................................................................29

8. REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................30

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Population Summary of project area......................................................................................................................5

Table 8: Adolescent education in the project area 20060.......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 9: Ten Top Disease in the project area/ nearest health center/Ambo Ber/.................................................................6

Table 13: Summary of Health Institutions Accessibility in the Project Area..........................................................................7

Table 17: Government Employees in the Project Area..........................................................................................................9

Table 18: Existing land use pattern of the project area/Ambo Ber Ambokebele/.............................................................11

Table 19: cropping pattern and production of Kebele, 2012/13 (Rain fed).........................................................................13

Table 20: Cropping Pattern and Crop Production by Traditional Irrigation in Kebele, 2014. . .Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 21 : Livestock summary of the Study Area (ambo ber AmboKebele).........................................................................14

Table 25: Input Requirements and planting methods for proposed crop............................................................................21

Table 26: Yield projections of proposed crops (Qt) for the improved irrigation scheme.....................................................22

Table 27: Proposed organizational structure......................................................................................................................26

Table 28: Summary of Project impact.................................................................................................................................27

Feasibility Study & Detail Design Final Report, Socio-Economy Page v


ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ACSI Amhara Credit and Saving InstitutionDA Development AgentsNGO Non-Governmental OrganizationQt QuintalFTC Farmers’ Training CenterHA HectareNPV Net Present ValueFNPV Financial Net Present ValueIRR Internal rate of ReturnFIRR Financial Rate of ReturnB/C Benefit Cost RatioETB Ethiopian BirrWUA Water Users AssociationKM KilometerHr Hour

AGP Agricultural Growth Program

OD OXEN DAY

MD MAN DAY

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Ambo Irrigation Project is one of the irrigation projects identified by the regional government. The

project area is found in North Gondar Zone of Amhara Region, West Belesa Woreda, in Filklik Kebele.

Anticipated beneficiary household are 251 by counting land holders in the command area.

The overall objective of the project is to ascertain effective and efficient utilization of accessible irrigable

lands and water for secure better livelihood by develop beneficiaries’ income and ensure sustainable

development.

About 30 households were selected by using simple random sampling technique and interviewed

individually. To assess community attitude toward the proposed irrigation project Community

consultation also had made. Participants of the consultation express their heartily support as they

expected that the project would lend a hand them to produce more than once per year. Secondary data

was collected from kebele and woreda offices.

The population size of the project area where the project is found estimated to be 10244 male and

3988female totally 14232 in the year 2015.

Agriculture is the dominant economic base and it is almost the only means of living for the people of the

study area. Nearly 100% of the population in the study area depends on this sector of the economy for

generation income and have got employment opportunity. The farming system is mixed farming system

that integrated crop production and livestock production. The livestock sector supply draft power for

crop production sector which use pair horses and some farmers use oxen as draft power under taken.

Crop production is the main base of livelihood in the project area. It is source of home consumption food

needs and source of cash that required to expense to fulfill other household needs including closing,

food oil, fuel oil, salt, coffee and other social and economic expenses.

Crop production has under taken using both rain fall and traditional irrigation. Accordingly teff, sesame,

chickpea and sorghum are major crops in wet season and chick pea, garlic and maize are major crops

grown using irrigation.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background to the Study

Irrigation based agriculture is very low in Ethiopia in its long history of agrarian economy. Despite the

fact that, the country has abundant water resource, the contribution of irrigation agriculture for the total

economy is near to the ground. Only traditional small scale irrigation practice has been under taken

over years.

Traditional irrigation agriculture is suffering from interlude, absence of modernity, lack of proper water

allocation and low devotion of farmers. It is because Ethiopian farmers consider that an adequate

amount of agricultural products could not gain from irrigation agriculture. They are interested in

produce using rain in a large farm once a year concurrently using relatively low labor compare to

irrigation. However, rain fed agriculture characterized by low productivity because of irregular rainfall

distribution and frequent drought. Moreover, soil degradation and climate change made worsen the

agriculture sector.

Attainment of food self-sufficiency under such condition remains to be the most challenging task to

bridge the gap between the local supply and the demand of huge amount of food for rapid growing

population.

Traditional agricultural practices which use low level of improved agricultural inputs & farm tools have

been the major factor for the poor status of the agricultural sector and the resultant food insecurity of

the region in general.

Therefore; the main objectives of the regional government and particularly the study area are ensuring

the availability of adequate food as well as reliable socio-economic services to all. AmboSmall Scale

Irrigation Project is expected to contribute its part for the people in the area in particular and to the

country in general

Feasibility Study & Detail Design Final Report, Socio-Economy Page 1


1.2. Project Objective

1.2.1. General Objectives

The overall objective of Ambo Small Scale Irrigation Project is to ascertain effective and efficient

utilization of accessible irrigable lands and water for better production by developing beneficiaries’

income and ensure sustainable development.

1.2.2. Specific objectives of the project

The specific objectives of the socioeconomic study as specified in the agreement document are:

To assess the existing socio-economic features of the study area

To design relevant solutions to the prevailing problems of the study area

1.3 Study Methodology

1.3.1 Secondary data collection

Secondary data were collected both from woreda and kebele level. However, more data were collected

from kebele level. Woreda data is used as fulfillment of those data not prepared in kebele level or missed

data either lack of institution and expert or poor data management.

Accordingly data were collected from agriculture, trade and industry, health, education and cooperative

promotion offices using structure and semi structure questionnaire. In addition to this discussion to

woreda experts were supplementary secondary data sources.

Similarly secondary data was collected from kebele agriculture office/DAs/, land administration and use

and expert, health extension workers, schools and kebele administration office using structure and semi

structure questionnaire. Expertise discussion with DAs, health extension workers and the kebele

manager also were secondary data sources.

1.3.2 Primary data collection

Field observation was one of primary data collection method. The command area situation, upper and

downstream user’s situation, farming system and other economic activities as well as social services

were assessed in the field visit. A check list was used as guidance and to immediate documentation at

field observation level to prevent missing data. The other primary data collection method is household

Feasibility Study & Detail Design Final Report, Socio-economy Page 2


survey. The survey was undertaken using structured questionnaire. About 30 were selected by using

simple random sampling technique and interviewed individually. Community consultation also had

made. Community consultation also had carryout to assess the public attitude toward the project.

1.3.3 Data analyses

All the collected data and information of the socio-economic household surveys were organized and

entered into statistical package of social science then analyzed. Derivation of descriptive statistics and

tabular data presentation adopted. Data obtained from field observation and community discussion

recorded and presented in the report body.

1.4. Limitation of the study

Household farmers do not keep records and the data they supplied might not be accurate. This

limitation had also shown at the level of woreda experts, kebele administrative offices and development

agents mainly to keep records for many successive years’ data.



2. SURVEY RESULTS

2. 1 Location of the project area

Ambo Irrigation Project is located in Filklik kebele Administration, In West Belesa Woreda, North

Gondar Zone of The Amhara Region. The study area is found 26 km north east of the woreda capital

Arbaya. Arbaya is 74 km far from zone capital town, Gondar and 174.7 km far from Bahir Dar regional

capital.

2.2. Topographic and Climatic Situations

The command area topography is gently plain. The plain command area is comfortable for irrigation.

In traditional agro ecological classification system the project area lies in kola ecologic zone. The rain fall

is uni-modal and relatively insufficient. The detail is found in the agronomy report.

2.3. Water Source

In the project area in addition to Ambo River there are other perennial rivers named Mena and

Aderkayna. Small size traditional irrigation has been practice using these rivers. The Mena River is a

large river and has a potential of fish production. Currently traditional fishing is undertaken by local

farmers.

2.4 Demography

2.4.1. Population size and characteristic

As the information obtained from the kebele administration office, there were about 1686 households in

the year 2015 in the kebele. From these about 17.85% of the total households were female headed

households. Similarly the total population was estimated to be 14232 of which the female population

represents about 39%.

To estimate the population after 20 years exponential population projection formula used.

Population projection formula: Pt = Poert

Where po = population of base year,

t = the number of years the projection compute from the starting year,

r =the rate growth (CSA, Amhara region growth rate),

pt = projected populationUsing this population projection formula the calculation made as the following:



Therefore population after 20 years, i.e. 2035, will be about 20399 . It means the current population

would be increased by 6167.

This indicates that enlarge population requires rapid economic growth in any means; however,

agriculture development ought to be the leading focus area since the population engages in this sector.

Table 1: Population Summary of project area Description Unit NO.Total population Person 14232Estimated No. of Households. “ 6002Population density p/HAPopulation growth rate Person 1.8%Projected population up to 20 years “ 20399Population estimated to be increased “ 6167Source: - socio economic survey, 2015

The population density of project area is about 0.88 persons per hectare (total population divided by the

total cultivated land).

2.4.2. Ethnicity, Religion and Migration of the study area

The project area is characterizes by one ethnic group who belongs to Amhara people. Consequently,

100% of the population of the study area is Amhara who speak Amharic language as a mother tongue.

On the other hand regard to religion about 100% of the population follows Orthodox Christianity.

Look upon migration the young people go to Metema and other neighboring woreda for agricultural

seasonal job search.

2.4.3. Housing condition and settlement pattern

Two types of housing are common in the area. A circular hut made up of wood and mud wall and a wood

and grass roofing. The other type of house which is slightly better in its modernity is a house made up of

wood and mud wall and wood and corrugated iron sheet roofing.

2.5 Social Services and Infrastructures

In the project area there two first cycle primary (1-4) schools and two full primary school. There are 22

male and 18 female teachers totally 40 teachers.

Schools and student enrolment/project area/2007 E.C Name Of Grade Enrolment Drown Out



School Male Female Total Male Female TotalFilkilik 1-8 514 340 854 134 125 259Akewerk 1-4 147 92 239 96 60 156Kenubish 1-4 96 70 166 5 28 44Zeray 1-5 141 120 261 28 16 44

Source: Ambo kebele administration.

Problems

In general the education service faces the following problems below:

High Teachers turn over Shortage of input: chair and desk -no pure water -no sport material

2.5.2. Health

Health is the indispensable social service ought to give center of attention. Epidemic diseases

occurrence, accessibility to health center and transport access to the health center has their effects in

the projects over all process.

Moreover, irrigation in its nature has a negative effect by aggravating some disease like malaria and

other water born and water related diseases.

Main Health Problems

Ten Top Diseases

Table 2: Ten Top Disease in the project area/ nearest health center/Robit Begela /Type of diseases Cases

1 Dyspepsia 8062 AURTI 7853 Helminthiasis 5864 Skin infection 5525 Muscular skeletal problems 3746 AFI 3697 Malaria 3368 Pneumonia 2539 Measles 17010 Uti 156 Source: robit begela health office

Top ten diseases in the year 2015 was taken from Robit Begela Health Center the nearest health center

and located in the border kebele. Accordingly dyspepsia, AURTUI, helminthiasis and skin infection were

the top diseases.



Availability of Health Facilities

Table 3: Summary of Health Institutions Accessibility in the Project AreaInstitution Nearest available health

institutionLocation distance from the

project areaHealth post Ambo Ber Ambo Health Post At the village 25 minute trip on footHealth center Robit Begela Health Center At the kebele center 2hr foot trip on averageHospital Gondar Hospital Gondar town/ zone

capital/100 km from the project

Source: socio economic survey

As shown, in table 16, in the study area there is one health post is available. The health post’s major

activities are:

family planning service for the people in the kebele

under five infant medication/malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia/

prenatal postnatal examination for mothers

midwifery service for mothers

Vaccination for mothers and babies

education about sixteen health packages

Food Security and Household Nutrition

The project area is one of the regions food unsecured areas. Accordingly there are 137 male 215 female

persons supported by assisted by direct food support program and 491 male and 540 females assisted

by public work programs.

The common food type of the project area is injera na wot. Injera made up of flour of teff, sorghum, and

other cereals .wot also prepared from flour of pulses, spices, vegetables, etc. injera and wot is a common

Ethiopian beloved food. Wot make also from cattle, sheep and goats and chickens meat.

2.5.3 Road and Transport

Road is the most important infrastructure in many ways. First presence of road creates suitable state for

enhance other institutions and infrastructures. In the second case it links the producers to markets

outside the project area. Agricultural inputs like fertilizer and improved seeds could be supplied in time

and reasonable price if road accessibility present. Similarly farmers can provide their surplus for market

easily. Poor status road is accessible to Ambo irrigation project. This road links Filkilk market Robit

market and Arbaya town.



2.5.4 Market

The existence of exchange and accessibility of market in the farmers’ locality is driving force to

development. Though there is a particularly conducive situation for a crop production in any corner of a

country or region producers may not be voluntary to produce more than the local consumption and no

value even produced if infrastructures and market are missed.

Farmers also need market for purchasing agricultural inputs like farm tools, seedling, livestock, labor

and other materials and tools.

To be precise the availability of market and attractive price for input and output in the locality has

significant positive impact for production and productivity steps forward and then upgrading life quality

of the producers.

The nearest market for the project beneficiary community is Robit Market which is 1 hr trip on foot. In

addition other minor market is available in Filklik in the same kebele where the project area is located.

The other major market is Arbaya which is 26 km from the project area.

Buyers for vegetables are consumers for local consumers. Both rural and urban people buy vegetables

for home consumption. The market demand for onion and green pepper is higher for rural and upon

population whereas the demand of cabbage and, tomato is higher in urban population than rural

population. Fruit consumed mainly urban population and rural children. Correspondingly, urban fruit

demand is higher than rural demand.

2.5.5. Potable water and sanitation

Potable Water

Source of water for drinking and other domestic use at the project area found from rivers and springs.

Modern water sources such as hand dug wells and protected spring are not available in the project area.

The pure water problem exists in health and education institutions also.

2.5.7. Financial Institution

Availability of banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions like saving and credit

institutions are important in the way of providing credit, promoting saving, and use as the medium of

exchange and ensuring when crop failure and natural or human made disaster. ACSI-Amhara Credit and

Saving Institution is the available in Arbaya. Moreover, Ethiopian commercial bank Addis Arbaya

branch available in Arbaya.



2.6 Institutions and Organization

2.6.1. Government Organization

At the project area in addition to schools and health post there are kebele administration office,

agricultural office, farmers training center and police station. The employees worked in health service;

education service agricultural development office and kebele administration office are indicated below.

Table 4: Government Employees in the Project Area s/n Institution Available employee

Male Female Total1 Education 22 18 402 Health post 2 23 Agriculture 2 1 35 Kebele administration 1 - 16 Land use - 1 17 Police station 2 2

Total 27 22 49 Source: Kebele Administrations. 2015.

2.6.2. Community Based-Organization

According to information provided by the kebele administration office, there are community based

organizations include ikub

Ikub- “.Ikub is a form of saving association in which weekly or monthly payments of a fixed sum

are exchanged for the privilege of receiving a lump sum at some important events in the life of

the group. It offers also a basis for sociability when the members come together for their

payment and are provided with food and drink….”Megech2009

Idir -the equivalent name for idir in project area is kire

“.. Idir is an indigenous insurance scheme and its functions are primarily to help defray the cost

of funerals, to assist families in the event of death, illness, or imprisonment of their

breadwinners, and to help in the case of loss due to fire. Members of an Idir are obliged to

contribute to a common fund and to attend the funerals of other members. It is based on

solidarity and reciprocity. The head of the household is usually the member and each household

can be member of more than one Idir. The Idir is open to everybody regardless of his or her

ethnic background, religion, kinship ties, political affiliation, sex, age or socio-economic status.



Each Idir usually has formal bylaws, membership list and elementary financial accounts. The

members of the Idir elect its leaders (i.e. chairman, secretary, treasurer), who are accountable to

the members.megech2009

Others

wonfel-a team that organized to help each other in agricultural activities by tern.

Cooperatives

Cooperatives are nonpolitical and nonreligious institutions established by individual members for

different purposes. Among different types of cooperatives irrigation cooperatives, multipurpose

cooperatives, saving and credit cooperatives, honey and milk development cooperative are mentioned.

These mentioned cooperatives play great role for their members. They provide inputs relatively low

price, purchase their products relatively high price compare to local traders, and cut overstated costs

causes by long transport and fragmented transportation.

In the case of saving and credit cooperatives they build good state to promote and enhance saving habit

of the member population etc. In addition to creation for other investment opportunity by increasing

member’s capital, since cooperatives experienced by holding large rural population and the rural

population is huge in Ethiopian case, it increases national saving which is very important for general

development.

A, Multipurpose Cooperative

The multipurpose cooperative available at the project area is Called Filkilik Multipurpose Cooperative.

Improved farm tools, improved seeds, fertilizers and other inputs delivered to farmers throw this

cooperative in collaboration to woreda agriculture office. Other activities are grain purchasing and

shopping.

2.7 Fuel and Energy

Traditional sources of fuel are used for cooking and other source of heat in the project area. This

traditional source of energy is fire wood, animal dung and in some extent crop left over. No modern

source of energy like electricity available in the project area.

2.8. Land Holding and Use

Land Use



In the kebele land use patterns are cultivatable land, bushy and forest land, animal grazing land and

villages and construction. As shown in table below, in the year 2014/15 cultivatable land is the largest

land use type followed by grazing land.

Table 5: Existing land use pattern of the project area/Filklik kebele/Land use type Area in (ha) % Cover

Cultivated land 2887.2 40

Grazing land 1443.6 20

Natural Forest lands &bush lands 721.8 10

Construction land 360.9 5

Land cover with water bodies 793.98 11

Future cultivable land 288.72 4

Temporally None utilized land 721.8 10

Total 7218 100

Source: Filklik Kebele Agricultural Development Offices.



Land Use Righties

Land in Ethiopia is the property of the government. However; the owner of the farm land has the right to

use, rent and able to transfer to next generation

At present the land of the kebele holds by small farmers, the community and institutions. Private small

farmers hold most of the kebele farm land whereas the community holds the most of grazing land, bushy

and forest area. Still parts of the Keble’s land hold by governmental institutions; schools, agriculture

offices and farmers training center, health post and others. Religious institutions; churches hold parts of

the kebele land.

Farming Systems in the Project Area

The farming system under taken in the project area is mixed subsistence agriculture. That is both animal

rearing and crop production under taken in supporting each other. The livestock sectors supplying for

crop production sector include draft power for plowing and threshing transportation crops, and manure

for improve soil fertility. On the other hand the crop production is used as additional source of forage

for livestock sector since grazing may not be enough.

Both rain fed and irrigation based agriculture under taken. However, rained agriculture is the main

agriculture activity.

2.9. Agricultural Extension Service

The kebele of project area have three Development Agents (DAs). The three development agents

specialized in natural resource, plant and animal science. The DAs main activities are awareness

creation, mobilization and technical support for farmers. They are the source of information that new

extension programs such as new agricultural practice, improved technology, improved crop and

livestock variety adoption practice extended to farmers through demonstration and using model

farmers for awareness creation.

The current approach to enhance and extend best practices and new agricultural activities for every

farmer in the kebele is “scaling up”. For the achievement of this approach woreda experts support field

activity at kebele level in addition to their office works at woreda level. Farmer training center is built at

the kebele center for the purpose of training, demonstrations etc. Nevertheless farmer training activity

has never carried out yet.



2.11.1. Crop production

Crop production is the main livelihood of the population at the project area. Crop is source of food for

home consumption and use for income generation. Among major crops grown in the project area teff,

maize, ,sesame, chick pea and sorghum are mentioned.

Table 6: cropping pattern and production of Kebele, 2014/15 (Rain fed)

S/N Crop type 2005/6Cropped Area

(ha)Production

(qt)Productivity

(qt/ha)1 Te f 363 2904 82 Chick pea 228 1368 63 Sorghum 208 2496 124 Maize 89 1335 155 Sesame 320 1520 4.75Source: Agriculture and Rural Development Office. Irrigation also under taken and major crops produced includes chek pea,maize,grrean pepper and garlic

are mentioned.

Agriculture Technology Use and Input Application

All farming system has under taken use oxen as draft power and using a traditional plough set

consisting of the maresha (plough), mofer (beam) and kenber (yoke) and others. Other tools for

agricultural activity for land preparation are hoe, shovel, rake, light axe and spade etc. other main tools

for harvesting and threshing are circles, mensh and lyda. Crop collection from farm land to home has

carry out by using pack animals and human carrying.

2.11.2. Livestock Production

Livestock production is the second most important economic activities of the project area. In addition

to its economic contribution, it is also contributing to crop production by supplying drought power.



Table 7 : Livestock summary of the Study Area ( Filklik Kebele)Type of livestock Unit AmountOxen Number 2,601Cow ‘’ 2,041Bull “ 1,574Heifer “ 1,647Calf ‘’ 1,467 cattle total 9,330Sheep ‘’ 6,823Goat ‘’ 7,317 small ruminant total 14,140Donkey ‘’ 1,205Horse ‘’ -Mule 59Sub total 1,264Chicken “ 4,017Bee colony “ 2,601Source: - kebele agricultural development agent offices, 2014/2015

Oxen used for draft power for the crop production. In addition, some farmers fatten oxen and get

income by supplying for market. Cows used for mainly breading and milk. On the other hand even

though the amount is small, all cattle uses for home meat.

Small ruminant used as a source of meat for home consumption and cash income for households

especially when failure of crop farming had been encountered. Equines are also utilized by being as pack

animals. Poultry production is used for home meat and egg consumption. It is also used as a source for

weekly needed cash income especially for women. The other is bee-keeping for honey production either

home consumption or sale.

Feed sources for Livestock

In project area main livestock feed sources are community grazing, crop residue and private grazing.

Veterinary Service

In the project area there is no a veterinary clinic at the kebele level. The veterinary clinic located at the

bordering kebele Robit Begela in 2hr minute trip on foot.

Problems of livestock sector

Major problems in the project area in regard to livestock husbandry are feed shortage, animal diseases

and livestock water supply.



2.11.3. Other Economic Activities /Off-Farm /

As discussed in the above, agriculture is the dominant economic base and other minor people practice

off- farm activities. As the information kebele DAs as well as confirmed by survey team in time of field

work some farmers sale their labor in search of income. Young men those have no farm land involve in

this activity.

Others also relatively small proportion and most poor households in the project area engage in off-farm

income-generating activities, such as home industries (i.e. brewing Tella), tea etc.

2.12. The Households Economy

Based on the data collected during the household surveys and secondary data collection the source of

income in the project area is mainly crop production both rain fed and irrigation. Other source of

income is livestock. The status of wealth in the project area identifies by of oxen and cattle and amount

of farm land. Accordingly if a farmer has above two oxen and above 1 hectare of land he is wealthy. If a

farmer up to hold up to 1hectare of land and have two oxen he is medium. The other class is have blew

two oxen and have below1.5 hectare of farm is categorized as poor.

2.13. Gender Issues

Domestic Labor Division

Most of home activities such as; food preparation, sanitation and child care etc done by females or wives

in the survey area. However, in recent years males participation increases in larger households.

Agricultural Labor Division

In relation to agriculture activities both males and females participates. However, males

engaged highly in outdoor agriculture activities. Among difficult agriculture activities plowing

is not done by females but by males. On the other hand weeding, digging, collection,

transporting and storing crops at harvest time done by both females and males. In early land

preparation and quite fair time males do all agricultural activities alone. However, in seasons

when labor highly demanded, sowing, wedding and harvesting time, females go out together

their male family members for agriculture works.

Women and girls participate in different Irrigation agriculture activities more than the usual

rain fed agriculture. Irrigation works such as:-Watering, planting sowing seeds, digging,

weeding, harvesting, collection and finally storing are done by females and males in equal

participation. Plowing is done mainly by males.



Asset Ownership

Both males and females have the right to develop assets, getting farm land and other economic

resources and social services equally without discrimination respects to their gender. The right to

develop asset and access to economic resources and social services does not depend when married and

live alone.

Decision Making Administration and Controlling In the Household

As the survey result shows decision making done by males and females mutual consent in all

households. The decision to sell livestock, tree etc do not decides by males without consult of females in

large families. Similarly asset administration and controlling have under taken mainly by male and

females household heads. On the other hand if there is no male headed household and the family are

female headed household the decision making, asset administration and controlling done by female

household head.

Outdoor Participation

As the kebele administration informed and the survey team ensures in field visit women have been

participating in social and development works. At the survey time men and women were doing natural

resource conservation works. In as the DAs informed the survey team both male and female

participating when institutions and infrastructure construction built.

In relation to political participation and dispute resolving males play more role than females. Even

though, the kebele council has one female member, the other political participation of females is

insignificant.

2.14. Tradition and Culture

In general the population of Amhara has diversified tradition and culture. There are both useful and

harmful traditions. Among useful traditions in the study area people by collaboration assist vulnerable

groups. People in the study area perform crop farm activities and harvest and collect crops owned by

widows, elders, disable groups and other peoples encounter critical problems.

Such kinds of assistance have done for vulnerable groups in lower celebrating holidays. However, in

other working days people are busy and hard working in their own farm activities. Main farm activities

such as plowing, harvesting and weeding, have done on working days. Other works such as fencing,

watering, collecting and storing crops have done lower level celebrating holidays. Other days Sunday

and some other celebrating days for Christians are days when people rest either religious activities or

social interaction.



3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS OF THE PROJECT AREA

3.1. Socio-Cultural Constraints

The most prevailing constraint of the project area is practices of revenge. Revenge is the killing of one’s

family who kill family member previously. Moreover, the killing of one another is common phenomena

in everyday life. This type of practice harms the productive segment of population. In addition people

who are victim of this practice lose time by hide themselves from revenge.

3.2. Level of Skill to adopt new Technologies and Improved Agriculture Inputs

The level of skills and awareness to adopt new technologies, adopt improved varies and act as the

expertise consult is not developed. The farmers are not capable in skills and knowledge to use improved

technology and improve farm inputs. The level of improved farm tools applications also low in the

project area. More mobilization, training and demonstration still essential to overcome the mechanized

agricultural practice. They are not capable even to use improved traditional farm tools.



4. THE PROJECT

4.1. Project Rationale

As discussed above, crop production is the main economic activity and accommodates the total

population of the study area. Both rain fed and irrigated crop production has been undertaken in the

project area. However; productivity is low compare to the available fertile soil and suitable climate. As

many secondary information sources confirmed and the respondent farmers indicated that this low

level of productivity is mainly related to unscientific traditional farming practices and lack of awareness

towards using improved agricultural inputs. In addition, in the case of crop production by irrigation, the

available traditional irrigation infrastructure is incapable of irrigate the potential irrigable area in a

manner of effective and efficient system.

Private farmers’ crop production boost and improvement of income shall be implemented through use

of available potential areas and water sources. Modern irrigation scheme development is one of the

main strategies which improve the productivity of agriculture and then improve the income and life

quality of the farmers who are going to be benefited by the project.

4.2. Objectives

The general objective of the proposed project is to improve the living standard of the farmers through;-

Increasing crop production and productivity per hectare

Improving the cash position of the farmers

Improving the nutritional position of the farmers by using the project.

4.3. Project Description

Ambo irrigation project is located at north Gondar zone, west Belesa Woreda, in Filklik Kebele

administration. The project area is 26 km far from Arbaya Town. Arbaya is 74 km far from zone capital

Gondar and 174.7 km from Bahir Dar (regional capital). The project is estimated to benefit about 151

household heads counting the current household who have land in the command area.

4.4. Existing Irrigation Practices and Community Attitude towards the Project

Traditional Irrigation is practiced in the proposed command area. Public consultation meeting were

held in order to assess the attitudes of the community toward the proposed project implementation. The

community was mobilized by kebele administration and DAs with collaboration to woreda officials for



the consultation. At the meeting, the community attitude was assessed in terms of their knowledge

about the proposed project.

Main issuers Consulted were the following

Attitude toward the proposed project implementation

Attitude to involve in planed project construction

Attitude toward the farmers willingness to allow irrigation infrastructure crossing their plots

Attitude to manage or administer the irrigation scheme water

Attitude to form irrigation development and marketing cooperation

Attitude to handover after the completion of construction and then to implement as the plan

Attitude toward covering maintain and operating costs after completion of construction

Consequently they are well aware of the project and eagerly waiting its implementation. At the same

time, they have expressed their full support for the project allowing their plots to be crossed by

irrigation structures, and they have been organized in irrigation users’ cooperation.

In the community consultation 71 participant household head farmers were involved. All the farmers

gave positive ideas towards the realization of the planned project. The participants include kebele

leaders, local elders and religious leaders. All the farmers gave positive ideas towards the realization of

the planned project. They further explained to see the planned project realized in the near future.

The following is the summary of the discussions:

Meeting at Filkilik Kebele, and West Belesa Woreda on 18/08/2007E.C at 4.00 to 5:00am

In attendance: 71 farmers, 4DAs, and 2 consultants.

Summary of the issues raised:

They were generally not resisting the project.

The design and construction should be kept the proper quality

The implementation shall be realized in short period of time

Local labor should have employment priority



4.5. Crops Proposed, Input Requirement, Yield Build-Up

4.5.1. Crops Proposed and their Input Requirement

Crops to produce in the proposed project in the dry season are onion, tomato and maze

On the other hand, teff, chick pea, haricot bean, maize and sorghum are proposed crops in the wet

season. These crops were selected based on the agronomic, pedologic and economic factors.

Table 8: Input Requirements and planting methods for proposed cropCrop DAP Urea Pesticide/Fungicide Seeding

ratelabor

(qt/ha) (qt/ha) (l/ha) (kg/ha) (Kg/ha) Man day

Oxen day

Wet seasonMaize 1 1 2 25 110 60Sorghum 1 1 2 30 70 34Teff 1.3 1 2 25 105 42Chick Pea 1 0 2 80 68 40Haricot Bean 1 0 2 68 30Sub-Total 5.3 3 0 160 421 206Onion 1 1.5 2 4 240 48Maize 1 1 2 25 130 60Tomato 2 1 2 0.35 260 40Sub-Total 4 3.5 0 29.35 630 148Source: household survey

4.5.2 Labour Availability

Irrigation is a labour intensive activity chosen as one development strategy in less developed countries

where the rural area is characterized by huge unemployment. At survey time there were landless young

men who could not have got employment opportunity. The average labor wage in the project area is 35

birr per day.

4.5.3. Yield Build-Up

The agronomist has prepared the yield plan, hopping that the supply of inputs and extension supports

for the planned irrigation farming will be sufficient and the reliability & sufficiency of irrigation water

supply doubtless. Optimum yield is planned to be achieved at the third year. The years before these are

left to smooth any draw backs that might impede the adoption of improved technology associated with

the project.



Table 9: Yield projections of proposed crops (Qt) for the improved irrigation schemeTypes Projected Yields (qt/ha)

Wet season Year 1 Year 2 Year 3Maize 80 90 100

Sorghum 40 45 50

Haricot bean 20 22.5 25

Teff 28.8 32.4 36Chick pea 40 45 50Dry season

Onion 280 315 350Maize 96 108 120Tomato 360 405 450 Source: Agronomy Survey



5 PROPOSED ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT OF THE PROJECT

This project needs to be carefully implemented in a strong integration of all stake holders with real

commitment for the achievement of the commonly shared goal and special organizational framework

with specific roles and responsibilities relevant to each.

The implementation would be closely and effectively managed both administratively and technically

because massive, intensive, purposeful and properly integrated joint efforts are crucially demanded if

the results desired to be realized are needed to be achieved in a real sense.

Woreda and kebele level administrative councils are expected to be committed to mobilize the

community and support the irrigation development and marketing cooperation.

The woreda agricultural office, in collaboration with woreda cooperative promotion and organization

office and Amhara Credit and Saving Institution (ACSI) will provide agricultural inputs (on credit or on

cash basis) and a day to day routine extension services.

With regard to organizational modality of the target groups, they organized in to associations called”

irrigation development and marketing cooperation” in which both private and communal ownership

and responsibilities are simultaneously involved. Every member grows the selected varieties of crops on

its own plots in fact, according to the technical recommendations and rated of applications

recommended by the extension service with close follow up and monitoring. However, scheme

management and water utilization and related issues are administered by the irrigation development

and marketing cooperation. The scheme and the water are common resources that should be taken care

of in common.

The association would then be organized in such a way that there are “block leader” based on primary

and secondary canals. The farmers laid in one primary and secondary canal will have one “block leader”

(leader) who are responsible for managing his/her member .Therefore, the number of “block leader”

are depending up on the number of primary and secondary canals(one “block leader” per primary or

secondary canal). “Block leader” will be accountable for the chairman of the association. The association

will have its own leadership (management committee, block leader, team) and will produce workable

bi-laws to which they stick in the course of the development.



5.1. Roles and Responsibilities

a) Member of the cooperation

Strictly follow technical recommendations of the extension advice regarding inputs

application and improve cultural practices involving in the process of the production.

Contribute labor, material and where possible financial resources for scheme

construction, and other activities

Timely replay loans extended to him/her for input and other items required by the

development

Responsible to participate in the scheme management either in physical work, Material

or cash contribution as determined by the association.

Respect the bi-laws of the “block leader “and association.

Respect the decisions made by the” block leader” and association.

Strictly follow-up the watering schedule set by the group in watering their own plots.

Readiness for joint liability and to be for the group as a whole in cases of individual’s

frailer.

b) The irrigation users cooperation

The association as a front line focal owner for jointly performing the implementation tasks will have the

following joint responsibilities.

Responsible for the scheme maintenance and overall management of the system.

Prepare watering schedule in collaboration with technical staff and manages its

effectiveness.

Takes the repayment responsibility of the loan extended to its member

Control each member to adherence to extension advice.

Decides mode of participation and mobilization of members for scheme maintenance

and other tasks related to the scheme and the development.

Determines roles and responsibilities of chairman, secretary and treasurer.

c) Woreda Agricultural Development Office

Assign competent DAs with adequate experience regarding the intended

development.

Assign extension supervisor at woreda level for close supervision and follow up of

the extension inputs to the proposed development.



Undertake production demonstrations at the site so that the farmers could grasp

know-how on how to produce irrigated crops in improved and scientific production

techniques.

Assesses potential markets for the production and formulate marketing procedures

and system conducive for the group.

Record data on productivity, marketing and other basic information.

Provide other technical assistances required for the irrigation development.

d) Bureau of water Resource and Development

Undertake the scheme construction

Give initial training on how to operate the scheme.

Assistance on major maintenance.

e) Woreda Administrative Council

Provides administrative support in all the implementation processes.

Mobilize the community for both construction and production phases timely.

Closely controls kebele council fulfillment of their responsibility regarding the

development.

Coordinates woreda level line offices relevant to the work to insure full

participation.

f) Kebele Administrative Council

Mobilizes the community for the construction and development phases assist the

IUC in managing the project.

Solves conflicts that may confront in the process of effectuating the development.

Creates favorable administrative atmosphere for the technical staffs involving in the

work.

g) Woreda Cooperative Promotion and Organization Office

Assist the farmers in the formation of IUC.

Legalize, monitor and supervise the association.

Helping the association in providing agricultural inputs on time.

h) Woreda Branch of Amhara Credit and Saving Institution

provide credit service for the farmers

Develop the saving habit of the farmers through training.

Monitoring the farmers in order to pay back their loans on time



Table 10: Proposed organizational structure Key (Line of Authority) (Functional Relationship)


6. POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

6.1. Negative Impacts

6.1.1. Soil Erosion

The main activities that will disturb the topsoil and sub-soil, and expose it to erosion will be

construction of canals, drains and farm roads, as well as quarrying to obtain construction materials.

Runoff from unprotected or exposed areas will cause soil erosion, which ultimately will result in

increased sediment loading of the river, the canals and drains.

6.1.2. Increased Hazard of Water Related Diseases

Construction and operation of the irrigation scheme may create habitats well suited to vectors of

water related diseases particularly malaria. The systems that are used in the irrigation scheme such

as open canals, and drainage ditches on fields can provide attractive sites for vector mosquitoes. As

a result of these favorable conditions, the incidence of malaria may increase in the area.

Table 11: Summary of Project impactNo Adverse Impacts Proposed mitigation measures1 Prevalence of malaria and other water born-

diseases due to development of irrigation and migration of people to the project area.

Biological, Chemical and Environmental control of malaria, and provision of adequate health services and facilities, health education. Distribution of bed nets and capacity building of health extension workers.

2 Soil erosion Intensive and integrated watershed management, application of Biological and Physical soil conservation measures, periodic monitoring of erosion

Source: socio economic survey

6.2. Positive impacts

Implementation of the proposed irrigation project is expected to bring several impacts in general

and particularly to the local population. These positive impacts will include:

It will enable the beneficiary farmers to produce a larger quantity and/or more

valuable crops, i.e. to increase production and diversify the cropping pattern

and crop varieties or shifting to more valuable crops;

It will give the opportunity to increase yields per unit area of land;

It will help the local farmers to be surplus producers;

It will help to improve the living standards of the local population including

health standards due to increased production and improved incomes and

nutrition improvement;

It will provide employment opportunity for the local population; and it will

contribute for the economic development of the country.

6.3. Situation of Downstream and Upstream Users

The proposed irrigation scheme development is using Ambo River. The weir shall be constructive

after Quara and Aderkayna Rivers converge. In the upper stream there is 58 hectare of irrigation

under development by these rivers. On the other hand the water flow is excessive and capable to

irrigate 98 hectare in proposed command area. However, the traditional canal is not efficient. The

modern canal expects to increase canal efficiency and enlarge the irrigable area. The socio economy

team Confirm that the excess water is enough for the proposed command area without any interest

conflict between downstream and downstream.

In a nutshell; social conflict with downstream & upstream users is not expected to be a problem.

7. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

7.1 Conclusion

As confirmed in the survey the study area is an area of high crop production both in irrigation and

rain fed. Currently traditional farming practice characterized by low production is undertaken in

the project area. Accordingly absence of scientific farming system and modern irrigation

infrastructure to available water resource is core problem of the area. Various problems are

mentioned in the social part of this paper which affects subsistence agriculture, the main economic

base of the people. However; traditional farming with low level of application of input and

improved technologies is the root cause for low productivity.

Hence this small scale irrigation development is a master key to minimize those mentioned

agricultural related problems and expect enhance the farmers’ production and productivity, and

then improve their livelihood.

Regard to beneficiary farmers, they are very interested and eager to see the project realization in

the very near future.

7.2 Recommendation

To achieve the plan provision of agriculture inputs in adequate in on time, successive

training for farmers and development agents involved at the project, technique can support

from woreda experts is essential. Special attention has to give to strength and continuity the

water user association. Unless clear and fair water allocation system set up, the project

could not attain its target.

Integrated effort from woreda and kebele administration also greatly requires initiating

development agents and farmers in the irrigation production course of action.

8. REFERENCES

1. East Amhara Integrated Land Use planning And Environmental Impact Study, 2011.

2. Megech Pumped Irrigation Project Socio-Economic Feasibility Report (2009)

3. Recently Compiled Similar Socio-Economic Study Report In Small Scale Irrigation Projects

4. Central Statistical Authority, The 2007 Population And Housing Censes Report

9. Appendix

Appendix 1: data formats for data collection

Amhara Design and Supervision works Enterprise

Socio-Economic Survey Data Collection format at Kebele level

Location

1. Region ---------------------- Zone-------------------------------

2. Woreda ---------------------- Kebele --------------------Distance from the Woreda (km) -----------

3. Name of the Irrigation scheme -------------------------Distance from the kebele (km) ----------

4. Area of the kebele (in ha or km2) --------- Number of “Gots” or Villages in the kebele ------

Climate, Topography & Soil

Description %Agro-climatic zone (%)DegaWoinadagaKolaRainfall pattern(Unimodal/bimodal)Topography (%)PlainUndulatingMountainSoil colour (%)RedBlackGrey

Water Supply & Sources in the kebele

Source Yes/No Qty Remark River Perennial SeasonalHand pump dug wellDeveloped springUndeveloped springOpen hand dug wellDeep wellRiver diversion (Modern)Traditional diversionWater harvesting structureLakeDamPonds

Demography

Population Male-----------Female------------- Total---------------

Number of households Male---------- Female------------- Total --------------

Population by age groups(if any)

Age Group Male Female Total0-1415-6465 and above

Ethnicity & Religious (%)

Ethnic group (%) Religion (%)Amhara OrthodoxAgew CatholicOromo ProtestantGumuz MuslimAfar OthersSettlement pattern (1) Scattered (2) Clustered; on what does the settlement pattern based?

(1) Clan, lineage or kinship (2) Economic activity

(3)Religious places (4) Administrative centres

Housing condition in the kebele (HOUSEHOLD %)

Type of house (%) RemarkIron roofedGrass thatchedBothSocial services

Main social services in the kebele(in the study area)( Mark √ if yes and if N0)ᵡType of services Availability Remark

Yes/No Qty

MillMarket

Major market

Minor marketRoadTelephone/digital or wirelessPublic health postPublic health centrePrivate clinicRural drug vendorNGO clinicVeterinary serviceCooperatives

Type of services Availability Remark

Yes/No Qty

Education Number of students

Male Female TotalAlternative school

Satellite schoolGrade 1-4Grade 1-6Grade 1-8Grade 9-10FTCReligious InstitutionsChurchMosque

What is the total number of students drop out in 2002 /03 E.C.?

Male--------- Female-------Total------------

What are the reasons for the students drop out in the kebele?

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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Existing governmental institutions & No of employed staffs in the study area

Institutions Male Female Total Remark

Education

Health

Agriculture

Administration

Land use

Police station

Total

Health & Related issues

Family planning, Sanitation and hygiene (HOUSEHOLD %)

Description No % RemarkWomen who took family planning measuresWomen who do not took family planning measuresHouseholds who use with pit latrineHouseholds who do not use with pit latrine

2. Availability of potable water the household uses (%) in the study area

Source of water Beneficiary HOUSEHOLDs

% Remark

RiverHand pump dug wellOpen hand dug wellDeveloped springUndeveloped springDeep well

Agriculture

Land use pattern of the kebele (in ha)(2002/03)

S/N Land use type Area(ha) (%) RemarkCultivated land Rain fed IrrigatedCultivable landUseless landForestGrazing landBushMarsh landWater bodyOthers

Crop production in wet season (2002/03)

S/N Type of crop Area(ha) Total yield(Qt) Productivity(Qt/ha)123456789101112

Crop production in Dry season (Irrigation)(2002/03)

S/N Type of crop Area(ha) Total yield(Qt) PrAoductivity(Qt/ha)12345

67

Livestock population in the study area

Livestock Number (%) Livestock Number (%)

Ox Donkey

Cow Mule

Calf Horse

Heifer Camel

Bull Chicken

Goat Traditional beehive

Sheep Modern beehive

Non-governmental institutions/ organizations in the study area

S/N Name of NGO Field of intervention12345

Are Community based organizations (CBOs) established in the kebele? Mention them

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Food security

Description Male Female TotalNumber of HOUSEHOLDs supported by food security programNumber of population supported by food security program

Is supply food aid (if any) decreasing or increasing?

Why?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What are the major causes that led to food shortage in the area (kebele)?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Is there any Irrigation scheme in the kebele?

Improved? (1) Yes (2) No, if yes; --------------------ha

Traditional schemes (1) Yes (2) No, if yes; --------------------ha

Are cooperatives organized in the kebele? 1) Yes 2) No

If yes describe types of cooperatives

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Members in cooperatives society, Male---------- Female--------- Total-----------------

If there is either modern or traditional irrigation scheme, does the beneficiary farmers organized in

irrigation cooperative or water users group? (1)Yes (2) No

If beneficiary farmers are organized in irrigation cooperative or water users groups, number of

members organized;

Male ---------------Female---------------Total------------------

Do members pay for irrigation service fee? (1)Yes (2)No

If members pay irrigation service fee, rate of payment in Birr-----------per hectare or per

HOUSEHOLD

Land use Right

What is the average landholding of the kebele? (In ha)-----------------

Maximum land holding --------ha Minimum land holding -----------ha

Does the farmers received land use certificate for their holdings?

S/N

Description Male Female Total

1 Number of households received land use certificate2 Number of households not received land use certificate3 Number of Complete land less households

Market Assessment

crop Minimum. Price(Birr/Qt)

Maximum. Price(Birr/Qt)

Price of seed(birr/qt)

Local ImprovedCerealsTeffBarelyWheatMilletRice

crop Minimum. Price(Birr/Qt)

Maximum. Price(Birr/Qt)

Price of seed(birr/qt)

Local ImprovedSorghumMaizeOatsPulseFava beanField PeaHaricot beanChickpeaGrass peaLentilOilseedsSoybeanNugeFlax/LinseedRape seedsafflowerSeas amVegetablesOnionPotatoGarlicShallotBeetrootCabbageCarrotTomatoFenugreek(አብሽ)Pepper

Farm inputs and implements

Description Unit PriceKnapsack sprayer with accessoriesWheel barrow ጋሪSpade መቆፈሪያ መሳይ አካፋPlough ማረሻSickle ማጭድShovel አካፋHoe መቆፈሪያRake መቧጠጫWegel ወገል Axe መጥረቢያMajor inputsLabor(Birr/day)FertilizerD.A.P.(Birr/Qt)

Urea(birr/qt)Agrochemicals(liter/kg)PesticidesFungicidesOthersBio fertilizer(kg)Labor/dayOxen/dayLand tax

Amhara Water works Design and Supervision Enterprise

Socioeconomic survey

Questions for Cooperative Promotion office of the District

1. Total number of cooperatives in the district-------------------------

2. Types of cooperatives in the district:

a)----------------------------------------------b)---------------------------------

c) ---------------------------------------------d)-----------------------------------

e) ----------------------------------------------f)---------------------------------

3. Total number of members of cooperatives:

Male----------------- Female------------------- Total----------------------

4. Is there water users’ association in the District?

5. If Yes, total number of members of the association

Male------------------- female ------------------- total-----------------------------

6. Please, indicate the achievements of Water Users’ Association so far:

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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. What is the attitude of the community in general and beneficiaries in particular towards

cooperatives (Water Users’ Association) in the district?

A) Community-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B) Beneficiaries------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. What are the major problems you encountered regarding Water Users’ Association especially in irrigation water management in the district? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Stamp

Amhara Design and Supervision works EnterpriseSocioeconomic SurveyQuestions for Woreda Education

1. How many schools are there in the woreda in number?

Alternative school-------- 1-4-------- 1-6------- 1-8----- 9-10---------

Preparatory school--------TVT--------Colleges---------

2. How many students are attending in the above schools in 2002/3 E.C

Descriptions

Number of students Share of female students

(%)Male Female Total

Alternative

1-4

5-8

9-10-

11-12

Preparatory

TVT

College

Total

3. What is the total number of students drop out in 2002 E.C.?

Male--------- Female-------Total------------

4. What are the reasons for the students drop out in the woreda?

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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Is there non-formal education structure in the woreda? 1) Yes 2) No

6. If yes, how many people are attending?

Adult: Male--------Female---------Total----------

Children: Male-------Female--------Total--------

7. Who established the non-formal schools?

A) Government B) NGOs C) Government and NGOs

8. Please, indicate 1) adult literacy level of the woreda -------------- (in %)

2) Education coverage of the woreda -------------- (in %)

9. Describe the ratio of class to student and teacher to student in the district average by the year

2002 E.C (for formal education system).

Description Class to student ratio Teacher to student ratio

1-4

5-8(1-8)

9-10

11-12

10. What are the major problems regarding?

a. Formal education

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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

b. Non-formal education in the district?

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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11. Specify the number of teachers in the district/kebele by profession?

Type of profession Male Female Total

Degree

Diploma

TTI

Total


Socioeconomic Survey

District Finance and Economic Development Office

1. Distance, from Zone capital (km) -------------From Regional capital (km) ----------------

2 Topography and area coverage (%)

Mountainous----------Valley-------- Plain land-------------- Others ------------

3. Area coverage (in ha or km2) -----------------

4. Numbers of kebele Administrative: Rural-------- Urban--------- Total----------

5.Agro-ecology (%)

Kola------------(in %) Weina Dega----------(in %) Dega-------------(in %)

6. Climate Temperature-----------(in 0 C) Mean annual rainfall ------------ (in mm)

7. Water Points

Source No Remark River Perennial SeasonalHand pump dug wellDeveloped springUndeveloped springOpen (shallow) wellRiver diversion (Modern)Traditional diversionWater harvesting structureLakeDamPonds

8. Human Resources

Total population-------------------- Male--------------------- Female--------------------

Total Households------------------- Male---------------- Female------------------------

8.1. Population by age group

0-14 Male----------------------Female ------------------ Total------------------------

15-64 Male---------------------Female ------------------ Total -----------------------

and above Male------------------Female---------------Total --------------------------

8.2 Ethnicity & Religious (%)

Ethnic group (%) Religion (%)Amhara OrthodoxAgew CatholicOromo ProtestantGumuz MuslimAfar Others

10. Institutions

S/N Name of NGO Field of activity

11.2 Community-based organizations

CBOs in the woreda No of members RemarkWater users’ association (irrigation)Water management committeeWater shad committeeLand administration committeeWomen associationYouth clubsaving and Credit AssociationMultipurpose cooperative Association

11.5. Which financial institutions are available in the district?

(1) Bank (name) ------------------------------ (2) Insurance (name) ------------------------

3) Credit and saving institutions (name) --------------------------------------------------

11.6. If there are rural credit and saving institutions, does the community of the areas have access

to credit? On what basis? ------------------------------------------------------

12. Settlement pattern (1) Scattered (2) Clustered

12.1 On what does the settlement pattern based?

(1) Clan, lineage or kinship (2) Economic activity

(3)Religious places (4) Administrative centers


Socioeconomic survey

Food Security and DPPA Coordination Office of the district

1. How many food unsecured kebele are there in the district? ---------------

Households: Male----------------- Female------------------- Total---------------------

Size of population: Male--------------- Female------------- Total------------------------

2. Is supply food aid (if any) decreasing or increasing?

Why?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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3. What are the eligibility criteria for screening the people for food aid?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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4. What are the major causes that led to food shortage in the district?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Is the number of vulnerable people increasing or decreasing?

5.1 If increasing why?

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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.2 If decreasing, why and

how?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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6. What is the attitude of the community towards food aid?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. Do the people incline to be helped for unlimited time of period or

not?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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8. Is there any sign of dependency syndromes in the area regarding food

aid?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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9. If you have any other issue to raise regarding food insecurity and food aid in the district, please

state;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Questions for Women’s Affairs Office

1. What is the situation of women and girls regarding?

Access to resource

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Resource control

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Decision-making roles

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Schooling (for girls)

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Marriage and partner selection

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Women participation in administration and development activities in the district

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2. What are the major problems of women in the district in economic aspects?

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3. What measures are being taken to bridge the widening gap between male and female in social

and economic aspects?

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4. Could you mention some obstacles pertaining to female education in the district?

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5 Explain briefly the prevailing harmful traditional practices in the district?

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6. What measures did your office take to prevent theses social problems?

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7. Did your office make any progress in confronting theses problems? If yes, mention those

improvements?

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Questions for Woreda Health Office

Woreda Name---------------------------------------

1. List the number of health institutions in the district

Number Type of institutions Number Remark/status

1 Health centre

2 Clinic

3 Health post

4 Private clinic

5 Rural drug vender

6 NGO clinic

Total

2. How many health professionals are there in the above institutions?

S/N Type of profession Number

Male Female Total

1 Health officer

2 Nurse

3 Health assistant

4 Pharmacist

5 Laboratory Technicians

6 Sanitary

7 X-ray tech.

9 Health extension workers

3. What is the health coverage of the district --------------- (%)

Top ten diseases in the Woreda

S/N Disease Occurrence rate Remark12345678910

What are the major health problems in the

district?---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Amhara Design and Supervision Works Enterprise (ADSWE)

Questions for focus Group Discussion (FGD)

Region -------------------------Zone --------------------------------

Woreda -------------------------Kebele---------------------------

Name of scheme --------------------------------------------------

Participants

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Q.1.Do you think the project will benefit you or affect you? How?

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Q.2.If you agree that the irrigation project will benefit you, what will be community contribution

for its implementation?

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Q.3. how do you want to manage or administer the irrigation water?

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Q.4. what do you want to produce by using the irrigation water? Describe crops and vegetables you

want to produce through irrigation water?

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Q.5. How do you handle the marketing problem?

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Q.6.Finally, what are the threats that worry you?

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Suggest Solutions for threats you worry

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Q.7.Do you think that the scheme may be sources of conflict between downstream and upper

stream users due to the proposed project?

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Gender Issues

Q.8.Do women involved in agricultural activities outside the home? (1)Yes (2) No

If yes, discuss in which agricultural activities they involved

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Q.9.Do women involved in irrigation activities like watering crops?(1)Yes (2)No

If, No why?

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Q.10.What is the situation of women and girls in the kebele regarding?

Access to resource

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Resource control

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Decision-making roles

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Labor Division

Labor division Task Male FemaleWhich HOUSEHOLD members are responsible for different agricultural tasks?

xxx=main responsibilityxx=assistingx=Occasionally assisting

Land clearingPloughingSeed selectionSeeding/plantingFertilizingWeedingApplying agro-chemicalsHarvestingThreshingWinnowingLoading and transportCleaning and storingNight vigil(Watch at night) for cropsMarketingIrrigating

Off-farm Income Generation Activities

Q.11.Which type of handicraft is undertaken by how many HOUSEHOLDs in the kebele?

Type of handicraft No HOUSEHOLDs

Proportion (%)

WeavingTailoring/embroideryPotteryTanneryTella/areke brewingOthers

CultureQ.12.What are the ceremonies/festivals that the community celebrates in a year in this area? Christian followers;---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------For Muslims;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q.13.How many days in a month the community do not work agricultural practices due to religious issues?For Christians (no of days) Maximum -----------minimum ----------------Average--------------For Muslims (no of days) Maximum -----------minimum ----------------Average----------------

Wealth status of the householdQ.14.What is the criteria to determine if a HOUSEHOLD in the kebele is considered to be poor? Number of cattle less than---------------- Number of shoats less than --------------- Number of equines less than ------------- Q.15.What are the criteria to determine if a HOUSEHOLD in the kebele considered being medium in wealthy? Number of cattle up to------------------ Number of shoat up to ------------------ Ownership of assets up to---------------Q.16.What are the criteria to determine if a HOUSEHOLD in the kebele considered being wealthy? Number of cattle more than---------------- Number of shoat more than --------------- Ownership of assets more than------------Wealth rank Households (%) RemarkExtremely poorPoorMediumWealthy

Amhara Design and Supervision Works Enterprise (ADSWE) Questions for community consultation (Meeting)

Number of HOUSEHOLDs participating in community discussionMale -------- Female----------- Total ---------------------------

S/N Issues AttitudePositive Negative Abstinence

1 Attitude towards the planned project implementation2 Attitude to involve in planned project construction3 Attitude to manage or administer the irrigation

scheme water4 Attitude to form water user’s association for best

management of water5 Attitude to handover after the completion of

construction and then to implement as per the plan6 Attitude towards covering maintenance and operating

Costs after completion of construction7 Attitude towards the canal crossing your plot

1. What will be your contribution for its implementation?

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2. What do you want to produce by using the irrigation water?

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3. How do you handle the marketing problem?

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4. What are your expectations from the project?

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5. Finally, what are the threats that worry you?

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Public consultation of beneficiaries

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Documents

FEASIBILITY STUDY & DETAIL DESIGN … SSIP... · Web viewIt is source of home consumption food needs and source of cash that required to expense to fulfill other household needs including