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Project cofinanced by European Regional Development Fund
Project cofinancé par le Fonds européen de développement régional
1G-MED08-515
“Sustainable Water Management through
Common Responsibility enhancement in
Mediterranean River Basins”
MARCH 2012
Feasibility Analysis of the Water Management
Action Plan for High Genil Low Basin
Página 2 de 29
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 3
1.1. BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2. EVALUATION GOALS AND ACTION PLAN VIABILITY ANALYSIS ............................................................ 4
2. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY ............................................................................................... 5
3. PRIORITIZATION AND ACTION PLAN DEADLINES .............................................................................. 10
3.1. METHODOLOGY FOR PRIORITIZATION .............................................................................................. 10
3.2. PRIORITIZATION RESULTS .................................................................................................................. 11
3.3. IMPLEMENTATION DEADLINES .......................................................................................................... 14
4. ALTERNATIVE CHOICES FOR THE ACTION PLAN ................................................................................ 17
4.1. ALTERNATIVE 0 -NO PLAN- ................................................................................................................ 17
4.2. ALTERNATIVE 1: ACTION PLAN .......................................................................................................... 18
5. ACTION PLAN SUSTAINABILITY ......................................................................................................... 20
5.1. PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABILITY ........................................................................................................ 20
5.2. EXTERNAL COHERENCE ...................................................................................................................... 21
5.3. INTERNAL COHERENCE ...................................................................................................................... 23
6. MONITORING INDICATOR SYSTEM ................................................................................................... 25
7. EVALUATION OF RISK ....................................................................................................................... 28
Página 3 de 29
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND
The Action Plan here presented, is part of the 1G-MED08-515 Project WATERinCORE about
“Sustainable Water Management through the improvement of Common Responsibility within
Mediterranean River Basins”, which is included in Priority Axis 2 “Environment” of Med Programme
(Transnational Territorial Cooperation in the European Union) among the “Territorial Cooperation
objective” of the period 2007-2013.
WATERinCORE Project's general objective is to develop, implement and disseminate a methodological
framework for integrating the principles of Local Agenda 21 in water resources management within
Mediterranean river basins. To that end, it is focused on identifying existing practices and policies
concerning water management, as well as the state of implementation of Local Agenda 21 in the
different regions of the Project's partners.
Bearing this in mind, as well as the specific features of participant regions, a public participation
process will be designed and carried out in pilot river basins or catchments, with the purpose of
motivating and actively involving the key local stakeholders and interested parties in the development
and application of local measures concerning water management.
As a result of this, new tools will be available for the better integration of measures within the
framework of sustainable water management and of Local Agenda 21 so that the different problems
and threats on water resources will be faced.
The Project has three essential references: The Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC),
the European Union Strategy for Sustainable Development and the Local Agendas 21.
Water Framework Directive (Directive2000/60/EC).
It brings in a simple system for water management: the river basin-based management.
Development of River Basin Management Plans.
It considers the need for Public Participation. In its article 14 it prescribes that the
member States will encourage the active participation of all interested parties in the
development, review and updating of the river basin management plans.
European Union Strategy for Sustainable Development.
It is a framework for a long-term sustainability approach, in which economic growth,
social cohesion and environment protection go together and are complementary.
The Strategy has seven key challenges, many of which are strictly environmental:
Climate change and clean energies; sustainable transport; sustainable consumption
and production; natural resources conservation and management; Public Health;
Página 4 de 29
Social Inclusion, demography and migrations; Global poverty and sustainable
development challenges.
Local Agenda 21.
It outlines the principles and action scope basic to face environmental and development
issues, and to progress towards the completion of the sustainable development in
21st century target.
It includes public participation mechanisms though dynamic processes in the direction
of sustainability.
It comprises systems and processes for integrating economic, social and environmental
development. It is based on a strong relationship between local governments and
citizens. A long-term strategic Action Plan will integrate the existing policies and
programmes, and a future agreement on guidelines will direct the process towards
sustainability.
1.2. EVALUATION GOALS AND ACTION PLAN VIABILITY ANALYSIS
The Water management Plan of Action, associated with the project WATERinCORE includes a package
of priority actions and environmental integrated policies that will help to avoid deficits in the pilot
basing detected during previous phases.
The present report of Evaluation and Viability Analysis of the Action Plan main’s goal is to perform a
study about the technical and economic feasibility, -regarding the environmental component-, of the
projects included in such Action Plan, and to proceed with the establishment of priority guidelines for
implementation.
Página 5 de 29
2. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY
The Viability degree is defined as the real possibility to implement all the actions described in the
Action Plan
The following viability ranges have been defined:
Low: actions with low viability, due to technical difficulties or high budget requirements.
Medium: actions with moderate viability, with affordable demands from a technical and
economic viewpoint.
High: actions with high viability, which don´t involve technical complexity and are affordable
from an economic viewpoint.
On the other side, economic resources and funding must be taken into account to implement the
actions, since an estimated budget has been estimated for every Project. These estimates are just an
approach, but they are grouped in ranges as follows:
Low: Less than 10.000 €
Medium: Between 10.000 and 50.000 €
High: Between 50.000 and 100.000 €
Very High: Above 100.000 €
The Viability degree is shown along with the estimated budget and the identification of Public Funding
Orders available (if necessary) for the projects included in the Action Plan.
Página 6 de 29
VIABILITY OF THE STRATEGIC LINE 1: WATER MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE
PROGRAMME 1.1 IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND SYSTEMS
PROJECT FEASIBILITY
DEGREE:
ESTIMATED
BUDGET:
PUBLIC FUNDING GRANTS
AVAILABLE:
PROJECT 1.1.1. Renewal of irrigation infrastructure.
*1.1.1.a) Renewal of canals to avoid water loss, including
the main irrigation canal of Huétor-Tájar and Villanueva
Mesía.
*1.1.1. b) Processing subsidies and aid for renewing
irrigation infrastructure.
Medium Very High
Rural Development Programme
in Andalusia 2007-2013
(Order of 28 July 2009)
PROJECT 1.1.2. Running pilot experiments with efficient
irrigation systems. High High
Rural Development Programme
in Andalusia 2007-2013
(Order of 28 July 2009)
PROGRAMME 1.2 AGRICULTURAL BEST PRACTICES AND ORGANIC (“ECOLOGICAL”) AGRICULTURE
PROJECT FEASIBILITY
DEGREE:
ESTIMATED
BUDGET:
PUBLIC FUNDING GRANTS
AVAILABLE:
PROJECT 1.2.1. Study and spread of information about
new pilot crops which are profitable and attractive to the
market, adapt well to the territory and have low needs
for water and fertiliser (e.g., pumpkin and persimmon)
High High
Rural Development Programme
in Andalusia 2007-2013
(Order of 28 July 2009) and
Order of 10 juliy 2011)
PROJECT 1.2.2. Collaboration between associations of
livestock farmers and agricultural farmers to use organic
fertilisers in agriculture High Low
Rural Development Programme
in Andalusia 2007-2013
(Order of 28 July 2009)
PROJECT 1.2.3. Spreading the use of agricultural best
practices and raising awareness of pollution by nitrates.
*1.2.3.a) Agricultural Best Practices: for example,
levelling ground to improve the effectiveness of irrigation
and the absorption of nitrates, formulas to reduce the
leaching of nitrates or to ensure fewer nitrates are
applied. Study of the viability of using sludge from
WWTPs as fertiliser.
*1.2.3.b) Activities to raise awareness of the
consequences of the contamination of aquifers by
nitrates.
High Medium
PROJECT 1.2.4. Study of nitrate contamination levels in
the Sierra Gorda aquifer. Medio High
PROJECT 1.2.5. Trade fairs promoting organic agriculture
products. High Low
Rural Development Programme
in Andalusia 2007-2013
(Order of 10 juliy 2011)
Página 7 de 29
VIABILITY OF THE STRATEGIC LINE 2: THE URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL WATER CYCLE
PROGRAMME 2.1. WASTE WATER TREATMENT
PROJECT FEASIBILITY
DEGREE:
ESTIMATED
BUDGET:
PUBLIC FUNDING GRANTS
AVAILABLE:
PROJECT 2.1.1: Waste Water Treatment Infrastructure.
*2.1.1.a) Construction and putting into use of the WWTP
of Huétor-Tájar and Villanueva Mesía. (Currently at the
bidding stage.) Correct maintenance of the WWTPs
already existing in the Loja municipality.
*2.1.1.b) Checking collectors.
High Very High Law 9/2010, of 30 July, on
Andalusian Waters
PROJECT 2.1.2. Enhancement of low-cost treatments in
small population centres, “ecological waste water
treatment”.
High Medium
PROJECT 2.1.3. Viability study to provide Tertiary
Treatment Systems (such as sand filters) where possible
in treatment plants in order to reuse the water in
agriculture.
High Medium
GRAMME 2.2 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT
PROJECT FEASIBILITY
DEGREE:
ESTIMATED
BUDGET: PUBLIC FUNDING GRANTS AVAILABLE:
PROJECT 2.2.1. Constitution of a Provincial Body to
Manage the Entire Water Cycle. High Low
PROJECT 2.2.2. Detection of leaks in the supply networks.
Remote monitoring service for better leak monitoring. High Medium
PROJECT 2.2.3. Introduction of municipal metering to
improve the monitoring of consumption. High Medium
PROJECT 2.2.4. Improving the supply networks in
scattered population centres. Medium High
PROJECT 2.2.5. Monitoring of illegal water intake by the
Town Councils. High Low
PROGRAMME 2.3. INDUSTRIAL WATER MANAGEMENT
PROJECT FEASIBILITY
DEGREE:
ESTIMATED
BUDGET: PUBLIC FUNDING GRANTS AVAILABLE:
PROJECT 2.3.1. Approval of Municipal Ordinances on the
Control of Industrial Discharges to the municipal drainage
network High Low
PROJECT 2.3.2. Encouraging organic fish farming. High Low
Página 8 de 29
PROGRAMME 2.4. ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING AND BEST PRACTICES IN THE USE OF URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL WATER
PROJECT FEASIBILITY
DEGREE:
ESTIMATED
BUDGET:
PUBLIC FUNDING GRANTS
AVAILABLE:
PROJECT 2.4.1. Awareness raising on the economical use
of water and minimising contamination from domestic
sources, for the general public. High Low
Order of 17 June 2009 establishing the regulatory basis for granting subsidies for environmental education and awareness programmes (in the subsequent calls for applicants)
PROJECT 2.4.2. Awareness raising and training on water
management best practices for the industrial sector. High Low
Order of 17 June 2009 establishing the regulatory basis for granting subsidies for environmental education and awareness programmes (in the subsequent calls for applicants)
PROJECT 2.4.3. Awareness raising activities for conserving
the quality of waterways, for example, through the
Andarríos Programme. High Low
Order of 19 April 2009 establishing the regulatory basis for granting subsidies for local environmental volunteering projects (in the subsequent calls for applicants)
VIABILITY OF THE STRATEGIC LINE 3: TO ENHANCE THE GOOD ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF WATER BODIES. COMPATIBILITY
WITH RECREATIONAL AND TOURISTIC USES.
PROGRAMME 3.1. RIVER MANAGEMENT, CONSERVATION OF THE GOOD ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF WATER BODIES AND
RELATED ECOSYSTEMS
PROJECT FEASIBILITY
DEGREE: ESTIMATED BUDGET:
PUBLIC FUNDING GRANTS
AVAILABLE:
PROJECT 3.1.1: Management of riparian zones
and banks.
*3.1.1.a) Identification, evaluation and
management of riparian zones.
*3.1.1. b) To implement actions on tributaries in a
“top-bottom” approach, in order to do first the
most feasible actions in rivers quality
improvement.
Medium Very High FEDER Funding
PROJECT 3.1.2: To encourage the River Basin
Authority to settle the boundaries for Public
Waters. Medium Very High
PROJECT 3.1.3: Prevention measures against alien
invasive species proliferation, like zebra mussel
among others. High High
Página 9 de 29
PROGRAMME 3.2. SUSTAINABLE RECREATIONAL AND TOURISTIC USES
PROJECT FEASIBILITY
DEGREE: ESTIMATED BUDGET:
PUBLIC FUNDING GRANTS
AVAILABLE:
PROJECT 3.2.1: To encourage the construction of
paths along the river and its tributaries sides, and
to make approach roads to bring the population
closer to the river. To connect Granada if possible
through the river and its tributaries sides trough
round circuits and to generate local employment.
To promote trekking in the area trough the
interpretation of heritage.
Medium High
PROJECT 3.2.2: To support local employment by
applying for European funding for Watershed
Projects. High High FEDER Funding
PROJECT 3.2.3: Environmental and visual
improvement of channels in the area. High High
PROJECT 3.2.4: To enhance water recreational
uses and to bring people closer to the river. Medium Very High
PROJECT 3.2.5: Conversion from the intensive
rainbow trout fishing site into a brown trout no-
kill sites in the medium-term. Medium High
PROJECT 3.2.6: To promote confined boat and
fishing tools rental as a prevention measure
against zebra mussel and as an economic activity. Medium Low
PROJECT 3.2.7: To create an organic Agricultural
Park in Loja and link its use to the river. Medium Very High
PROGRAMME 3.3. TO PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ACTIVITIES
PROJECT FEASIBILITY
DEGREE: ESTIMATED BUDGET:
PUBLIC FUNDING GRANTS
AVAILABLE:
Project 3.3.1: To create awareness of the river as a
living ecosystem. “From knowledge to love and
from love to conservation”. High Low Order of 15 april 2009
Project 3.3.2: Environmental education activities
in order to prevent alien invasive species, with
special attention on zebra mussel High Low
PROGRAMME 3.4. MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY
PROJECT FEASIBILITY
DEGREE: ESTIMATED BUDGET:
PUBLIC FUNDING GRANTS
AVAILABLE:
Project 3.4.1: Operational and Surveillance Water
Quality Monitoring Network.
*3.4.1.a) Study of the adequacy level of the
present Monitoring Network and proposal of new
sites if necessary.
*3.4.1.b) To do water quality analysis in some
sites in order to identify pollution point sources.
To do a temporal monitoring of ecological status
of water bodies.
Medium High
Página 10 de 29
3. PRIORITIZATION AND ACTION PLAN DEADLINES
3.1. METHODOLOGY FOR PRIORITIZATION
Priority of actions included in the Action Plan is defined as the level of urgency to implement such
actions.
The strategic guidelines, programs projects and their prioritization, as exposed in the Action Plan,
have been developed through a careful process of public participation in which key social actors,
present in the territory, discussed intensively until consensus was reached. Furthermore, the opinions
of many independent experts have been taken into consideration though a questioner where they
were asked to do their own prioritization of the projects and were also encouraged to give their
opinion about the importance and necessity of such projects and to propose potential projects -not
identified during the participation process-.
Prioritization of social actors was reached by consensus at the Integrative Roundtable celebrated on
March 1st
2012.
Technical prioritization became effective thanks to the collaborative effort of the following experts:
Alba Tercedor, Javier. University of Granada.
Castillo Martín, Antonio. Water Institute. University of Granada.
Frolova, Marina. University of Granada.
González del Tánago, Marta. Politechnic University of Madrid.
Valle Tendero, Francisco. University of Granada.
Lerdo de Tejada, Francisco. Guadalquivir Hydrographic Confederation
Matarán Ruiz, Alberto. University of Granada.
Nebot Sanz, Borja. Department of Environment. Government of Andalusia.
Valenzuela Montes, Luis Miguel. University of Granada.
The following priority ranges have been defined as:
Low: not essential actions but imply an important support of the environmental status of the
basin under study.
Medium: basic actions for the status’s improvement of the basin under study.
High: actions considered very important for the improvement of the basin under study.
Very high: indispensable actions, due to a mandatory normative or to correct an important
environmental deficiency in the basin under study.
Página 11 de 29
3.2. PRIORITIZATION RESULTS
This table shows a summary of the project prioritization results integrated in the Action Plan:
STRATEGIC LINE 1: WATER MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE Stakeholders
priority
Technical
Priority
PROGRAMME 1.1 IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND SYSTEMS
PROJECT 1.1.1. Renewal of irrigation infrastructure.
*1.1.1.a) Renewal of canals to avoid water loss, including the main irrigation canal
of Huétor-Tájar and Villanueva Mesía.
*1.1.1. b) Processing subsidies and aid for renewing irrigation infrastructure.
Medium Very High
PROJECT 1.1.2. Running pilot experiments with efficient irrigation systems. High High
PROGRAMME 1.2 AGRICULTURAL BEST PRACTICES AND ORGANIC (“ECOLOGICAL”) AGRICULTURE
PROJECT 1.2.1. Study and spread of information about new pilot crops which are
profitable and attractive to the market, adapt well to the territory and have low
needs for water and fertiliser (e.g., pumpkin and persimmon)
High High
PROJECT 1.2.2. Collaboration between associations of livestock farmers and
agricultural farmers to use organic fertilisers in agriculture High Low
PROJECT 1.2.3. Spreading the use of agricultural best practices and raising
awareness of pollution by nitrates.
*1.2.3.a) Agricultural Best Practices: for example, levelling ground to improve the
effectiveness of irrigation and the absorption of nitrates, formulas to reduce the
leaching of nitrates or to ensure fewer nitrates are applied. Study of the viability
of using sludge from WWTPs as fertiliser.
*1.2.3.b) Activities to raise awareness of the consequences of the contamination
of aquifers by nitrates.
High Medium
PROJECT 1.2.4. Study of nitrate contamination levels in the Sierra Gorda aquifer. Medio High
PROJECT 1.2.5. Trade fairs promoting organic agriculture products. High Low
STRATEGIC LINE 2: THE URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL WATER CYCLE Stakeholders
priority
Technical Priority
PROGRAMME 2.1. WASTE WATER TREATMENT
PROJECT 2.1.1: Waste Water Treatment Infrastructure.
*2.1.1.a) Construction and putting into use of the WWTP of Huétor-Tájar and
Villanueva Mesía. (Currently at the bidding stage.) Correct maintenance of the
WWTPs already existing in the Loja municipality.
*2.1.1.b) Checking collectors.
High Very High
PROJECT 2.1.2. Enhancement of low-cost treatments in small population
centres, “ecological waste water treatment”. High Medium
PROJECT 2.1.3. Viability study to provide Tertiary Treatment Systems (such as
sand filters) where possible in treatment plants in order to reuse the water in
agriculture.
High Medium
PROGRAMME 2.2 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT
PROJECT 2.2.1. Constitution of a Provincial Body to Manage the Entire Water
Cycle. High Low
PROJECT 2.2.2. Detection of leaks in the supply networks. Remote monitoring
service for better leak monitoring. High Medium
PROJECT 2.2.3. Introduction of municipal metering to improve the monitoring
of consumption. High Medium
PROJECT 2.2.4. Improving the supply networks in scattered population centres. Medium High
PROJECT 2.2.5. Monitoring of illegal water intake by the Town Councils. High Low
Página 12 de 29
PROGRAMME 2.3. INDUSTRIAL WATER MANAGEMENT
PROJECT 2.3.1. Approval of Municipal Ordinances on the Control of Industrial
Discharges to the municipal drainage network High Low
PROJECT 2.3.2. Encouraging organic fish farming. High Low
PROGRAMME 2.4. ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING AND BEST PRACTICES IN THE USE OF URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL WATER
PROJECT 2.4.1. Awareness raising on the economical use of water and
minimising contamination from domestic sources, for the general public. High Low
PROJECT 2.4.2. Awareness raising and training on water management best
practices for the industrial sector. High Low
PROJECT 2.4.3. Awareness raising activities for conserving the quality of waterways,
for example, through the Andarríos Programme. High Low
STRATEGIC LINE 3: TO ENHANCE THE GOOD ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF WATER
BODIES. COMPATIBILITY WITH RECREATIONAL AND TOURISTIC USES.
Stakeholders
priority
Technical
Priority
PROGRAMME 3.1. RIVER MANAGEMENT, CONSERVATION OF THE GOOD ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF WATER BODIES AND
RELATED ECOSYSTEMS
PROJECT 3.1.1: Management of riparian zones and banks.
*3.1.1.a) Identification, evaluation and management of riparian zones.
*3.1.1. b) To implement actions on tributaries in a “top-bottom” approach, in order
to do first the most feasible actions in rivers quality improvement.
Medium Very High
PROJECT 3.1.2: To encourage the River Basin Authority to settle the boundaries for
Public Waters. Medium Very High
PROJECT 3.1.3: Prevention measures against alien invasive species proliferation, like
zebra mussel among others. High High
PROGRAMME 3.2. SUSTAINABLE RECREATIONAL AND TOURISTIC USES
PROJECT 3.2.1: To encourage the construction of paths along the river and its
tributaries sides, and to make approach roads to bring the population closer to the
river. To connect Granada if possible through the river and its tributaries sides
trough round circuits and to generate local employment. To promote trekking in the
area trough the interpretation of heritage.
Medium High
PROJECT 3.2.2: To support local employment by applying for European funding for
Watershed Projects. High High
PROJECT 3.2.3: Environmental and visual improvement of channels in the area. High High
PROJECT 3.2.4: To enhance water recreational uses and to bring people closer to
the river. Medium Very High
PROJECT 3.2.5: Conversion from the intensive rainbow trout fishing site into a
brown trout no-kill sites in the medium-term. Medium High
PROJECT 3.2.6: To promote confined boat and fishing tools rental as a prevention
measure against zebra mussel and as an economic activity. Medium Low
PROJECT 3.2.7: To create an organic Agricultural Park in Loja and link its use to the
river. Medium Very High
Página 13 de 29
PROGRAMME 3.3. TO PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ACTIVITIES
Project 3.3.1: To create awareness of the river as a living ecosystem.
“From knowledge to love and from love to conservation”. High Low
Project 3.3.2: Environmental education activities in order to prevent alien
invasive species, with special attention on zebra mussel High Low
PROGRAMME 3.4. MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY
Project 3.4.1: Operational and Surveillance Water Quality Monitoring Network.
*3.4.1.a) Study of the adequacy level of the present Monitoring Network and
proposal of new sites if necessary.
*3.4.1.b) To do water quality analysis in some sites in order to identify pollution
point sources. To do a temporal monitoring of ecological status of water bodies.
Medium High
Página 14 de 29
3.3. IMPLEMENTATION DEADLINES
Implementation deadlines are defined as the time of achievement and conclusion of the projects.
Three ranges have been established:
Short: less than 2 years.
Medium: 3 to 4 years.
Long: over de 4 years.
It must be mentioned that, although some projects can be achieved in short term (less than 2 years),
they should be executed steadily in temporal terms. In the chronogram below, its timing will be
shown along all the estimated period (4 years).
The indicative chronogram for the actions included in the Action Plan is shown as follows:
STRATEGIC LINE 1: WATER MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE 1 st year 2nd year 3 rd year 4 th year
PROGRAMME 1.1 IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND SYSTEMS
PROJECT 1.1.1. Renewal of irrigation infrastructure.
*1.1.1.a) Renewal of canals to avoid water loss, including the main irrigation
canal of Huétor-Tájar and Villanueva Mesía.
*1.1.1. b) Processing subsidies and aid for renewing irrigation infrastructure.
PROJECT 1.1.2. Running pilot experiments with efficient irrigation systems.
PROGRAMME 1.2 AGRICULTURAL BEST PRACTICES AND ORGANIC (“ECOLOGICAL”) AGRICULTURE
PROJECT 1.2.1. Study and spread of information about new pilot crops which are
profitable and attractive to the market, adapt well to the territory and have low
needs for water and fertiliser (e.g., pumpkin and persimmon)
PROJECT 1.2.2. Collaboration between associations of livestock farmers and
agricultural farmers to use organic fertilisers in agriculture
PROJECT 1.2.3. Spreading the use of agricultural best practices and raising
awareness of pollution by nitrates.
*1.2.3.a) Agricultural Best Practices: for example, levelling ground to improve the
effectiveness of irrigation and the absorption of nitrates, formulas to reduce the
leaching of nitrates or to ensure fewer nitrates are applied. Study of the viability
of using sludge from WWTPs as fertiliser.
*1.2.3.b) Activities to raise awareness of the consequences of the contamination
of aquifers by nitrates.
PROJECT 1.2.4. Study of nitrate contamination levels in the Sierra Gorda aquifer.
PROJECT 1.2.5. Trade fairs promoting organic agriculture products.
Página 15 de 29
STRATEGIC LINE 2: THE URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL WATER CYCLE 1 st year 2nd year 3 rd year 4 th year
PROGRAMME 2.1. WASTE WATER TREATMENT
PROJECT 2.1.1: Waste Water Treatment Infrastructure.
*2.1.1.a) Construction and putting into use of the WWTP of Huétor-Tájar and
Villanueva Mesía. (Currently at the bidding stage.) Correct maintenance of the
WWTPs already existing in the Loja municipality.
*2.1.1.b) Checking collectors.
PROJECT 2.1.2. Enhancement of low-cost treatments in small population centres,
“ecological waste water treatment”.
PROJECT 2.1.3. Viability study to provide Tertiary Treatment Systems (such as
sand filters) where possible in treatment plants in order to reuse the water in
agriculture.
PROGRAMME 2.2 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT
PROJECT 2.2.1. Constitution of a Provincial Body to Manage the Entire Water
Cycle.
PROJECT 2.2.2. Detection of leaks in the supply networks. Remote monitoring
service for better leak monitoring.
PROJECT 2.2.3. Introduction of municipal metering to improve the monitoring of
consumption.
PROJECT 2.2.4. Improving the supply networks in scattered population centres.
PROJECT 2.2.5. Monitoring of illegal water intake by the Town Councils.
PROGRAMME 2.3. INDUSTRIAL WATER MANAGEMENT
PROJECT 2.3.1. Approval of Municipal Ordinances on the Control of Industrial
Discharges to the municipal drainage network
PROJECT 2.3.2. Encouraging organic fish farming.
PROGRAMME 2.4. ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING AND BEST PRACTICES IN THE USE OF URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL WATER
PROJECT 2.4.1. Awareness raising on the economical use of water and
minimising contamination from domestic sources, for the general public.
PROJECT 2.4.2. Awareness raising and training on water management
best practices for the industrial sector.
PROJECT 2.4.3. Awareness raising activities for conserving the quality of
waterways, for example, through the Andarríos Programme.
Página 16 de 29
STRATEGIC LINE 3: TO ENHANCE THE GOOD ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF WATER
BODIES. COMPATIBILITY WITH RECREATIONAL AND TOURISTIC USES.
1 st year 2nd year 3 rd year 4 th year
PROGRAMME 3.1. RIVER MANAGEMENT, CONSERVATION OF THE GOOD ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF WATER BODIES AND
RELATED ECOSYSTEMS
PROJECT 3.1.1: Management of riparian zones and banks.
*3.1.1.a) Identification, evaluation and management of riparian zones.
*3.1.1. b) To implement actions on tributaries in a “top-bottom” approach, in
order to do first the most feasible actions in rivers quality improvement.
PROJECT 3.1.2: To encourage the River Basin Authority to settle the boundaries
for Public Waters.
PROJECT 3.1.3: Prevention measures against alien invasive species proliferation,
like zebra mussel among others.
PROGRAMME 3.2. SUSTAINABLE RECREATIONAL AND TOURISTIC USES
PROJECT 3.2.1: To encourage the construction of paths along the river and its
tributaries sides, and to make approach roads to bring the population closer to
the river. To connect Granada if possible through the river and its tributaries sides
trough round circuits and to generate local employment. To promote trekking in
the area trough the interpretation of heritage.
PROJECT 3.2.2: To support local employment by applying for European funding
for Watershed Projects.
PROJECT 3.2.3: Environmental and visual improvement of channels in the area.
PROJECT 3.2.4: To enhance water recreational uses and to bring people closer to
the river.
PROJECT 3.2.5: Conversion from the intensive rainbow trout fishing site into a
brown trout no-kill sites in the medium-term.
PROJECT 3.2.6: To promote confined boat and fishing tools rental as a prevention
measure against zebra mussel and as an economic activity.
PROJECT 3.2.7: To create an organic Agricultural Park in Loja and link its use to the
river.
PROGRAMME 3.3. TO PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ACTIVITIES
Project 3.3.1: To create awareness of the river as a living ecosystem.
“From knowledge to love and from love to conservation”.
Project 3.3.2: Environmental education activities in order to prevent
alien invasive species, with special attention on zebra mussel
PROGRAMME 3.4. MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY
Project 3.4.1: Operational and Surveillance Water Quality Monitoring Network.
*3.4.1.a) Study of the adequacy level of the present Monitoring Network and
proposal of new sites if necessary.
*3.4.1.b) To do water quality analysis in some sites in order to identify pollution
point sources. To do a temporal monitoring of ecological status of water bodies.
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4. ALTERNATIVE CHOICES FOR THE ACTION PLAN
Throughout the planning process, the methodological scheme widely accepted by the aquatic
ecosystem planning doctrine consists in first instance, on the identification and definition of the
problem; to achieve this all relevant Information is collected and analyzed, which in turn, will help to
recognize and propose alternative solutions that will be compared to each other in order to choose
the best possible solution in the frame of the proposed goals and objectives. Somehow, this diagram
also corresponds to the basic underlying structure in most studies of territorial planning, distributed
in 3 fundamental stages: (1) territorial analysis; (2) diagnostics, with identification of problems and
potentials, (3) proposals, with identification and selection of alternatives (Pujadas y Font, 1998:36).
On the base of these premises, the importance of ensuring the sustainability of the region under
study is raised in the Water Action Plan of WaterInCore, even going beyond that by detecting the
need to transfer the obtained results to the next level: the basin level.
To achieve this, the incorporation of technicians and experts of environmental sustainability as well as
social actors committed with environmental values (ecologist, nature Conservation and
environmental education associations) into the planning process was considered fundamental. These
participants would work in team with the rest of social actors in the territory, ensuring the
incorporation of environmental criteria into the elaboration of the Action Plan; a number of
alternatives were identified and selected until the most adequate solution was reached through
consensus during all the planning process.
Following these premises, it is not possible to propose an alternative Action Plan to the one reached
by consensus among all social actors, technicians and experts linked to the territory and whose
objective is to return the basin to a good ecological status. Because of this, we consider two potential
scenarios would be the result of applying Alternative 0 (no Plan) or the Alternative 1 which presents a
predictable scenario after the implementation of the Social Action Plan.
4.1. ALTERNATIVE 0 -NO PLAN-
Once the ecological conditions of the river section under study were identified –Higher Genil lower
basin- across the municipalities of de Villanueva Mesía, Huétor Tájar and Loja, it was determined that
the ecological status of the riverbed in this zone is lower than good, after this conclusion, main causes
were analyzed and it was noted that:
The river is used as a sewer for and important part of all residual urban waters.
Industrial waters are also dumped in the river (agro industry and fish farms) without
any previous treatment.
Intensive agriculture in a number of areas is causing a significant pressure on the
water bodies, due to the loss and pollution of water flow and of the aquifer
pollution.
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Public Water domain has been invaded by farmers and even municipal
infrastructure, over-restricting the natural river flow.
Riverside vegetation is undergoing through considerable degradation.
Recreational and touristic activities (such as fishing or recreational sailing) are
currently very restricted to avoid the proliferation of alien exotic species.
Pressure over upstream water bodies by Granada´s metropolitan industries and
agriculture is causing degradation to a “less than good” category for the water
bodies at the first monitoring entrance point in the study area.
The Plan Design Team, together with social actors and experts, analyzed a potential future scenario of
the Basin if current conditions are maintained or intensified: the potential scenario is disheartening,
due to demographic growth, intensive agriculture, agro industries and fish farming which are actually
increasing due to processes of global modernization and massive migration from the cities into rural
areas in the frame of a crisis of less water-demanding sectors such as construction and associated
activities.
Therefore, Alternative 0 -No Plan, seems like a non very desirable alternative for a region that is
affected by an increasing degradation of its riverbeds, aquifers and in general its territories, which are
at the same time subject to fines for non compliance with normative such as the Water Framework
Directive, mandatory for the return of the ecological and chemical status of the water bodies before
2015.
4.2. ALTERNATIVE 1: ACTION PLAN
The proposed Action Plan, resulting from a consensus among all participating social actors, analyzes
the current and future situation of the basin, in case the current trends are maintained, by analyzing
each of the problems related to understanding water bodies as a resource rather than as a
patrimonial common good, and proposing solutions to solve these problems as soon as possible, by
applying three strategic guidelines, 10 Programs and 33 Action Projects.
The main goal of the Action Plan is to restore the good ecological and chemical status of the Alto Genil
lower basin and bestow to water its value as patrimonial common good, unlinking it from the
category “resource”, that relates water to economic exploitation.
We expect that the implementation of the Action Plan will grant the Basin a higher ecological,
landscape and social value and will ensure the permanence of the population in this territory, by
generating employment that values their rives as a common heritage and caring for them.
To assure the implementation of the measures contained in the Action Plan, which will improve the
status of the Basin, a system of environmental, social and economic indicators is proposed. These
indicators will allow to evaluate the good practices established by the Plan and they will be reviewed
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in an ongoing basis depending on the frequency established for each through the in the Sustainability
Plan associated to Project WaterInCore.
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5. ACTION PLAN SUSTAINABILITY
5.1. PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABILITY
In order to reach sustainability, the Project WATERinCORE, through its Action Plan, proposes
solutions to face 6 fundamental problems, as result of strategies and plans of higher level:
Environmental Sustainability: as an expression of physical viability of socioeconomic
systems in a biophysical context in which other resources –renewable and not-
renewable- are available with restrictions in temporal and spatial scale.
Climate Change: as main topic of planet equilibrium degradation that manifests
through the variation of normal climate conditions in medium-term period.
Restriction on pollution demand and control: expected limitation expected to occur at
a medium-term period, since water reserves are decreasing and their quality is
degraded in this zone.
European objectives, established in the Water Framework Directive, intend the
prevention and reduction of pollution, the promotion of sustainable water use, and
environmental protection, the improvement of the aquatic ecosystems and the
amelioration of floods and drought effects, being the ultimate goal to reach a good
ecological and chemical status for all communal waters by 2015.
Establishment of a new culture of water: water must not be considered as a
commercial good but patrimony that needs to be protected and preserved. The new
culture of water demands water to be conceived as an “ecosocial” active, the need to
manage the demand rather than the offer, the application of techniques such as
studies of cost-benefit or studies of environmental impact and the concept of water
basin as a unit, trying to eradicated water transferring and reservoirs.
Disconnect between economic growth and natural resources consumption, achieving
a non-materialistic economy centered on services rather than physical products.
All this problems have been taken into account during the design of the Plan, although some of them
are difficulties alien to the hydrobiological planning itself.
To achieve the challenges satisfactorily, a number of aspects are needed:
It is important to adapt consumption to a scenario of available goods without
compromising the good ecological and chemical status of the water bodies.
Integration of policies by sectors: It’s fundamental that considerations of
hydrobiological nature are reflected in policies addressed by sectors... The most
water-consuming sectors don´t take into account the future constraints imposed by
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their current necessities. Agricultural and livestock industries, as well as industrial and
urban activities, must consider scenarios of much less water-demanding
environments as feasible and desirable situations.
An observational framework of water as a natural good: nowadays water is
considered a basic service and all demanding sectors consider it as a problem as long
as it is supplied according to their demands. The reality is that water-demanding
agents do not take into account the fact that behind this service there is a natural
resource of very limited availability and that its over-exploitation can cause serious
environmental problems.
Evaluation of local effects of climatic change: when reducing the evaluation scale of
the effects caused by climate change, uncertainty grows considerably; it is very
unlikely that water-demanding agents see climatic change as a serious threat that
could affect them to the degree of see themselves in the situation of taking measures
to avoid it. In later years it seems that these aspects are starting to be taken into
account with enough strictness, but there is still a long road to be walked until these
alert flags will be considered important and internalized as such by the population. All
these questions restrain the achievement of the proposed goals. The hydrobiological
planning is widely overcome by the events and proposed challenges. The Action Plan
doesn´t have competence in most of them but on a tangential level, through
management tools that can be eventually posed.
Nevertheless, the Action Plan has taken as a strategic option the creation of a context in which all the
challenges can be proposed, and therefore, reached as soon as possible. In order to achieve this, a
strategic option has been adopted to share widely fundamental tools or planning tools on a higher
level, fulfilling the obligation of keeping coherency among them.
5.2. EXTERNAL COHERENCE
The external coherence of the WaterInCore Project, and concretely of the Action Plan, i.e., how they
fit into their regulatory and planning framework, is analysed considering the content of the Plan itself
regarding the overall and local environmental and strategic context.
Specifically, the Action Plan takes into account the following EU, state and regional regulations:
Directiva 2000/60/CE por la que se establece un marco comunitario de actuación en el
ámbito de la política de aguas.
Ley 9/2010, de 30 de julio, de Aguas de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía
Real Decreto 60/2011, de 21 de enero, sobre las normas de calidad ambiental en el
ámbito de la política de aguas.
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Real Decreto 60/2011, de 21 de enero, sobre las normas de calidad ambiental en el
ámbito de la política de aguas.
Real Decreto 849/1986, de 11 de abril, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento del
Dominio Público Hidráulico.
Real Decreto 9/2008, de 11 de enero, por el que se modifica el Reglamento del
Dominio Público Hidráulico, aprobado por el Real Decreto 849/1986, de 11 de abril.
Real Decreto 606/2003 de 23 de mayo, por el que se modifica el Reglamento del
Dominio Público Hidráulico, aprobado por el Real Decreto 849/1986, de 11 de abril.
Real Decreto 907/2007, de 6 de julio, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de la
Planificación Hidrológica.
Decreto 189/2002, de 2 de julio, por el que se aprueba el Plan de Prevención de
Avenidas e Inundaciones en cauces urbanos andaluces.
Real Decreto 903/2010, de 9 de julio, de evaluación y gestión de riesgos de
inundación.
Decreto 120/1991, de 11 de junio, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de suministro
domiciliario de agua.
Real Decreto 140/2003, de 7 de febrero, por el que se establecen los criterios
sanitarios de la calidad del agua de consumo humano.
Directiva del Consejo 91/676/CEE, de 12 de diciembre de 1991, relativa a la
protección de las aguas contra la contaminación producida por nitratos procedentes
de fuentes agrarias.
Real Decreto 261/1996, de 16 de febrero, sobre protección de las aguas contra la
contaminación producida por los nitratos procedentes de fuentes agrarias.
Decreto 261/1998, de 15 de diciembre, por el que se designan las zonas vulnerables a
la contaminación por nitratos procedentes de fuentes agrarias en la Comunidad
Autónoma de Andalucía.
Plan de Ordenación del Territorio de Andalucía aprobado por Decreto 206/2006, de
28 de noviembre y publicado en el Boletín Oficial de la Junta de Andalucía del día 29
de diciembre de 2006.
Plan General de Turismo Sostenible de Andalucía aprobado por Decreto 261/2007, de
16 de octubre (Boja núm.230, de 22 de noviembre de 2007).
Programa de Desarrollo Rural de Andalucía 2008-2013.
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Estrategia Andaluza de Gestión Integrada de la Biodiversidad.
5.3. INTERNAL COHERENCE
The Action Plan is the instrument which defines the water policy of the Lower Basin of the Upper
Genil where it passes through the municipalities of Villanueva Mesía, Huétor Tájar and Loja, and deals
with “Sustainable Water Management through improving Shared Responsibility in Mediterranean
river basins.”
The analysis of the internal coherence of the Plan uses a qualitative methodology which describes the
essential principles of the Plan and relates them to its lines of strategy, programmes and action
projects.
In this case, the coherence analysis should try to describe the cascade of elements and relationships
in play in the configuration of these strategic objectives.
The search for a new Water Management model has become one of the most important directions for
this Action Plan.
In other words, the Plan includes not only the subjects relating to the aspects of a “pure water supply
and drainage system” (assets, supply and drainage infrastructure, supply and drainage networks) but
also looks at the deeper question of what is happening in the socioeconomic fabric of the basin to
create continuous growth in the demand for water and the increasing deterioration of the water
masses.
The major role of the schema of dominant sociocultural values, the productive sectors of the
economy and the general economic context are the elements with the greatest influence on the
increasing demand for water. As already remarked, the psychological and sociological feeling that a
resource is unlimited, due to ignoring the unavoidable physical reality or its limitation, accentuates
the current tendency to growth in the demand for and contamination of water.
The Action Plan establishes as one of its principles “to involve society as a whole (agricultural and
livestock farmers, industries, administration and the public) in a new water culture” (a principle
established in the Water Framework Directive), which materialises mainly through the projects for
agricultural and industrial best practices, water treatment and environmental education, so that an
awareness of water as a basic and scarce resource becomes implanted in society, encouraging
efficient use, conservation and the avoidance of contamination in all the water-consuming sectors in
the area”. In fact, at this level, this strategic objective is proposing a change in the scale of values
which, in the current economic context, focusing on growth which by definition cannot be controlled
and which to date has produced a parallel growth in water consumption without distinction, can be
seen as a unique opportunity for guiding the directive forces in the right direction. These are the key
subjects which the Plan attempts to foster through a strategic framework to introduce a "new water
culture" into society.
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The policies to save water, reduce contamination and increase efficiency in processes and systems
form the framework for all the measures relating to improving infrastructure, innovation in crop
plants which require less water, and another new element in the Action Plan: the interweaving of
water policy with territorial zoning and tourism policies.
The Plan, as it proposes improving the efficiency of water use and the reduction of the need for water
in all economic sectors, will also influence the behaviour of structural indicators of the local economy,
such as their future competitiveness, preparing them for possible periods of scarcity relating to the
foreseeable effects of Climate Change.
We should not forget the importance of the invigorating effect on the innovation system of investing
in new models of crops, industrial production, sustainable leisure and tourism which will undoubtedly
require improved technology and management applications, especially as regards devices which
increase efficiency and make maximum use of water, while reducing its contamination.
Fostering organic agriculture and organic fish farming is a key aspect of reducing environmental
impacts on water, as these methods do not use substances which could degrade its quality.
As can be seen in the qualitative schemas, once the demand is generated, all the later effects are
negative to a greater or lesser degree. Thus, the Action Plan understands that the best way to avoid
environmental impacts and to ensure the environmental viability of the system is intervention from
the beginning of the process, i.e., in the modulation of demand for water. In other words, an urgent
intervention is needed in the water-consuming sectors, and also to change social values regarding a
scarce natural resource, which in economic terms could compromise the levels of competitiveness of
the local economy and the maintenance or recovery of the satisfactory ecological condition of the
water masses.
Once certain demands for water exist, it is very difficult to supply that demand without having a
significant effect on the environment. The only options may be to increase the efficiency of the
productive sectors or of the distribution systems of this resource. All of this is difficult to improve in a
short time, if these policies are not accompanied by the modification of the context of water
management; the mechanisms may be economic (the price of water), fiscal (taxes and levies), and
environmental (environmental permits for installations, and fines).
The strategic option of the new plan is to establish guidelines and strategic mechanisms to
intervene in modulating drivers, enabling the dynamic of reducing demand for water to prevail
over its increase, and to institute, as quickly as possible, a “new water culture” among all the
actors and the general public in the area, so that it can be seen as an asset, not as a
resource.
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6. MONITORING INDICATOR SYSTEM
To ensure the sustainability of the Action Plan is monitored, a system of indicators is established,
defined as a set of parameters obtained at set intervals and which are fundamental intended to track
the evolution of each of the Programmes and Projects undertaken to improve the weak points found
during the creation of the Action Plan.
The indicators are defined as measureable parameters which show the status of the project and
degree of reaching the proposed goals at any given time.
The indicators must show the evolution of water management in the lower basin of the upper Genil in
terms of sustainability, and insofar as a tendency to change is observed from the initial evaluations of
the Action Plan, forecast the mechanisms for changing the Plan in order to achieve the desired change
in trend.
The frequency and methodology of tracking the indicators will be as established in the Monitoring
Plan associated with the WaterInCore Project.
TRACKING INDICATORS OF STRATEGIC LINE 1: WATER MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE
PROGRAMME 1.1 IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND SYSTEMS
INDICATORS
Annual investment devoted to renewal and modernisation of irrigation
PROGRAMME 1.2 AGRICULTURAL BEST PRACTICES AND ORGANIC (“ECOLOGICAL”) AGRICULTURE
INDICATORS
Number of agricultural species introduced to the traditional agricultural market of the area.
Number of agricultural and livestock farming associations signing agreements for the use of organic manures.
Percentage of use of organic manures in agriculture.
Number of Best Agricultural Practices (BAPs) training and awareness raising actions per year.
Reduction of nitrate use in local agriculture.
Percentage of sludge from the WWTP used as manure for agriculture.
Nitrate contamination levels in the Sierra Gorda aquifer.
Number of Fairs to Promote Organic Products organised per year.
Production levels of organic agriculture products in the area.
Number of participants in the Fairs to Promote Organic Products per year.
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TRACKING INDICATORS OF STRATEGIC LINE 2: THE URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL WATER CYCLE
PROGRAMME 2.1. WASTE WATER TREATMENT
INDICATORS
Percentage of the population connected to waste water treatment systems.
Number of population systems with low cost or alternative technology treatment systems.
Percentage of treated urban waste water reused in agriculture.
PROGRAMME 2.2 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT
INDICATORS
Number of municipalities adhering to the Supramunicipal Body to Manage the Urban Water Cycle in the
Province of Granada.
Technical performance of the drinking water supply network.
Number of municipal water meters.
Percentage of leaks in the municipal networks.
Evaluation of the water consumption measured over a year.
Budget invested in renewing supply and drainage networks per year.
Number of illegal water intakes.
PROGRAMME 2.3. INDUSTRIAL WATER MANAGEMENT
INDICATORS
Existence of Municipal Ordinances on the Control of Industrial Discharges to the municipal drainage network.
Percentage of fish farms meeting organic fish farming criteria of the total in the area.
PROGRAMME 2.4. ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING AND BEST PRACTICES IN THE USE OF URBAN AND
INDUSTRIAL WATER
INDICATORS
Number of environmental awareness campaigns about domestic water management per year.
Number of environmental awareness campaigns about industrial water management per year.
Number of industries implementing environmental best practices.
Total number of people participating in the awareness activities.
Degree of awareness among the public.
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TRACKING INDICATORS OF STRATEGIC LINE 3: THE ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF WATER. COMPATIBILITY WITH
RECREATIONAL AND TOURISTIC USES.
PROGRAMME 3.1. RIVER MANAGEMENT, CONSERVATION OF THE GOOD ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF WATER
BODIES AND RELATED ECOSYSTEMS
INDICATORS
Number of measures to restore river banks.
Length of public domain waterways with boundaries.
Level of zebra mussel infestation at critical points of the waterway.
PROGRAMME 3.2. SUSTAINABLE RECREATIONAL AND TOURISTIC USES
INDICATORS
Length of paths associated with the River Genil and its tributaries.
Number of environmentally-related employment workshops involved with the conservation of the River Genil.
Funds allocated per year for work to conserve the River Genil.
Degree of acceptance by the general public of the applied improvements.
Ecological status of the River Genil in the stretches in the pilot basin.
Characterisation of the fishing reserves in the pilot basin.
Number of restricted boar hires and restricted fishing equipment contracted.
Existence of Agricultural Parks in the pilot basin.
PROGRAMME 3.3. TO PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ACTIVITIES
INDICATORS
Number of actions organised to raise awareness of the conservation of ecological status.
Number of people attending the actions organised to raise awareness.
Number of actions organised to raise awareness of the proliferation of the zebra mussel.
Degree of awareness of the problem of zebra mussels.
PROGRAMME 3.4. MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY
INDICATORS
Number of water quality control points in the pilot basin.
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7. EVALUATION OF RISK
Below we briefly evaluate the main risks which might prevent the execution of the Projects proposed
in the Water Action Plan.
For each Line of Strategy, the situational factors which must be considered will be selected, relative
both to the uncertainty and to the complexity of the specific Projects it includes.
Also makes a proposal for mitigation of those risks.
RISK OF THE STRATEGIC LINE 1: WATER MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE
RISK FACTORS MITIGATION MEASURES
Changes in the Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
Adapt programs and projects to measures established
by the new CAP.
Lack of sources of funding for executing the Projects.
Find private funding sources in addition to public
sources and prioritize projects based on available
resources.
Lack of environmental awareness in the agricultural sector.
Perform actions and environmental awareness
training for farmers.
RISK OF THE STRATEGIC LINE 2: THE URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL WATER CYCLE
RISK FACTORS MITIGATION MEASURES
Scattering of administrative responsibilities for water management.
Encourage agreements between governments and
ensure that the competent authorities to carry out
the agreed projects. The Social Agreement was signed
by the competent authorities.
Lack of sources of funding for executing the Projects.
Find private funding in addition to public funding, to
adhere to the Ente Provincial Water Management.
Prioritize projects based on available resources.
Lack of environmental awareness in the urban sector. To provide training and environmental awareness in
urban areas to reach the entire population.
Lack of environmental awareness in the industrial sector.
To provide training and awareness in the industrial
sector and involve the industry in the region of the
issues around water.
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RISK OF THE STRATEGIC LINE 3: The Ecological Status of Water. Compatibility with recreational and touristic uses.
RISK FACTORS MITIGATION MEASURES
Scattering of administrative responsibilities for water management.
Encourage agreements between governments and
ensure that the competent authorities to carry out
the agreed projects. The Social Agreement was signed
by the competent authorities.
Lack of sources of funding for executing the Projects.
Find private funding sources in addition to public
sources and prioritize projects based on available
resources.
Lack of environmental awareness regarding the proliferation of invasive species.
To provide training and environmental awareness for
the entire population.
Lack of sustainable tourism initiatives associated with aquatic ecosystems. Promoting sustainable tourism activities.