FEASABILITY STUDY Livelihood Options For People … Options for PwDs -Bhuj... · Acknowledgement 3 Executive summary 4 Preamble 6 1. Introduction ... Feasibility study can also provide

FEASABILITY STUDY Livelihood Options For People With Disabilities

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Table of contents

Acknowledgement 3

Executive summary 4

Preamble 6

1. Introduction 7 1.1 Background of the feasibility study 1.2 Objectives for feasibility study

2. Situation analysis 10 2.1 Status of PwDs in India 2.2 Implication of PwD act 2.3 Existing support systems for PwDs in Gujarat 2.4 Social & Economic Impact of Earthquake 2.5 Livelihood options for PwDs

3. Data Collection & Analysis 35 3.1 Methodology 3.2 Capacity assessment of KYVM 3.3 Capacity assessment of PwDs 3.4 Assessment of existing market scenario 3.5 Assessment of Project Risks

4. Major concerns 50 4.1 Capacity building issues 4.2 Sustainability issues

5. Recommendations 54 Economic Feasibility Project Planning Action Plan

Annexure 55


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This report is the outcome of the communication with Ms. Preeti Sharma the then project coordinator in Bhuj who subsequently handed over her responsibilities to Ms. Ragini Bajaj. Shodhana is extremely grateful to both of them (Preeti &. Ragini) for giving us the opportunity to undertake the feasibility study.

Like always it is the visiting team that has learnt the most from this process – a learning process that has been made possible by the help and kindness shown to us by Mr. Sinha, Mr. Anand Aaithal, Mr. Kuldeep Sagar, Mr. Govind Kerai and all other supporting staff of FICCI – CAREIndia, Action aid, KYVM. Thanks are also due to Mr. Ashok Angurana, Dy. Dir. Gen. CAPART, New Delhi and Mr. J. P. Singh, RCI, New Delhi for their generosity and concern towards PwDs of Bhuj who readily agreed to support KYVM at appropriate time. We would specially like to recognize and appreciate the work carried out by KYVM a small and newly formed NGO in Bhuj which is a Self Help Group. They are anxious to learn and have a great vision towards the development of the villages and the PwDs by promoting the concept of Partners in Development. We would also like to convey to the villagers of all the villages that we visited, our heartfelt thanks for their time, kindness, generosity and hospitality. The visit truly brought a sense of satisfaction and renewed hope in us on the celebrated concept that people are knowledgeable and they know best not only about their problems but also their solutions.


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CARE India is a large international organization that particularly

specializes in relief work. The 2001 devastating earthquake of the

Kutch district in Gujarat brought in the human response of

togetherness in a big way. There were several organizations both

national and international that came in the field to respond to the

needs of the victims. Some came with clear idea of intervention due to

their past experience while a large number of organizations came with

good intentions who needed collaboration to professionalize and

channelize their intention into action. Federation of Indian Chambers

of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) was one such organization, which

collaborated with CARE India to support and work jointly in the relief

work, and partial rehabilitation of the victims in the earthquake

affected talukas. Thus the project name is FICCI – CARE project,

Bhuj.

In the wake of relief work, it was realized that one of the most

marginalized group were the PwDs who were in doubly disadvantage.

Targeting a special program for this group FICCI – CARE decided to

undertake a feasibility study in order to support the livelihood of

PwDs and accordingly a Senior Consultant from Shodhana

Consultancy Pvt. Ltd, Pune was appointed.

The methodology adopted in the study comprise of collection of

primary, secondary and tertiary data; visit to actual site and

interaction with the stakeholders. Transect visit in the villages as well

as meeting with support organizations such as Action Aid India, Kutch

Youth Viklang Mandal (KYVM) and Kutch Comprehensive

Rehabilitation Centre (KCRC) were undertaken. Intensive meetings

with Assistant Commissioner for Disabilities (Government of Gujarat),

Deputy Director General (CAPART New Delhi), Member Secretary

(Rehabilitation Council of India, New Delhi) were part of the feasibility

study.

The study is basically divided into 5 major sections:


1. Situation analysis

2. Capacity assessment

∗ Capacity assessment of the main implementing organization

i.e. KYVM

∗ Capacity assessment of PwDs

3. Major concerns highlighting capacity assessment and

sustainability issues

4. Recommendations describing the livelihood feasibility and

options

5. An exhibit depicting future plan of action

It is however, recommended that a detailed action plan needs to be

made which should have primarily 2 sections – (a) Capacity building

plan and (b) Sustainable livelihood plan. The study also found that

both the implementing agencies i.e. KYVM as well as the PwDs and

their families were extremely open and willing to cooperate if given

proper opportunities. It is now strongly recommended that CARE

India pursues and meets the expectations of the people in providing a

sustainable livelihood and channelizes the enthusiasm of local people

who should not get the feeling of raising hopes and then left alone.


PREAMBLE

Feasibility study is a prerequisite to project planning. Without this it

would be like hitting a dart in the dark. Typically a feasibility study

brings out the pros and cons of a project. While such a study is more

common in the production and industrial sector to primarily

understand the marketability of the product that may give them an

estimate of ROI. However, (Return on Investment) in the wake of

greater environmental awareness and the green house effect,

feasibility study has also become a prerequisite to provide a safety

valve for Government sanctions.

Feasibility study can also provide an estimate of social and political

indicators. In the modern days, the compulsion is not only economic

returns but also a socially accepted model without which a project can

receive local threats and thus be in jeopardy.

This feasibility study is intended for one of the most vulnerable group

– the Person with Disabilities (PwDs). Experiences as well as studies

have shown that the PwDs are marginalized within the marginalized

group. The current study under reference is targeted towards looking

into the options for livelihood that can be provided to over 15000

PwDs directly or adversely affected due to earthquake.

The study was intended to be completed comprising of two distinct

parameters both of which through primary sources. They were (a)

general assessment of PwDs, support systems and capacity

assessment of implementing agencies and (b) looking into livelihood

options of both farm and non farm activities through market

assessment. While the first part has been completed satisfactorily

with primary data, the second part could not be substantiated with

primary data due to sudden administrative constraint put by the

agency. However as far as possible the second part has been

completed on the basis of secondary source data and transect visit.

Nonetheless, the study will provide sufficient premise to build upon a

suitable livelihood project on the basis of recommendations.


1. INTRODUCITON Background of the feasibility study

India, suffered a devastating earthquake on 26th January 2001. The loss

of life and destruction of physical assets took place in western and

central Gujarat, where about 20 million people live and work. The

epicenter was 20 km Northeast of Bhuj city in the village of Lodai along a

fault extending from Bhuj city to Ahmedabad. The magnitude of

earthquake was recorded at between 6.9 and 7.9 on the Richter scale.

After shocks in subsequent days measured upto 4.8 n the Richter scale.

The most affected areas were district of Kutch, Jamnagar, Rajkot and

Surender nagar, where about 90% of the deaths and 85% of assets losses

have been reported. Within Kutch district the most affected talukas are

Anjar, Bachau, Bhuj, Gandhidham & Rapar. The death toll was

estimated to be about 20,000 but it is difficult to be precise and accurate,

as many bodies were not covered. The number of injured was about

166834 in Feb 2001 of these over 17000 sustained orthopedic head and

other serious injuries. The exact number of people suffering from

permanent disabilities is not yet known. There were more than 11,000

PwDs in Kutch district prior to quake. It can be estimated that the

number has almost doubled. Large-scale relief as well as rehabilitation

initiatives was undertaken by NGOs for the mainstream population.

Developmental priority was given to marginalized sections of the

community. However one group was left behind – the People With

Disabilities. These people were among the worst hit by the catastrophe of

the quake. Relief and charity was provided to them, which enabled them

to survive. But full-fledged rehabilitation initiative including economic

rehabilitation and social rehabilitation were far and few to come by.

Action Aid has begun a Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) project in

April 2002 in 4 talukas in Bhuj i.e. Anjar, Bhuj , Rapar & Bachahu. 8

partners working in 140 villages of Bhuj are implementing this project.

The partners constitute “Sanch Samuday Network”. The project targets 4

major types of disabilities – locomotor, visual, speech and hearing and


mental disability and aims at mainstreaming PwDs by providing them

access to opportunities and installing a sense of dignity and pride.

Kutch Yuva Viklang Mandal (KYVM) is a district level organization

working for PwDs since last few years. The salient features of KYVM is

that it is a local, self made NGO wherein all the workers are PwDs. They

are open, honest and transparent and have advocacy support and

experience. KYVM also has strong knowledge of issues associated with

disability and rehabilitation. Action Aid has been working closely with

KYVM.

Building on the initiative taken by Action for PwDs, CAREIndia, which

has been working in the quake-affected area, has taken a step further.

With its strong livelihood focus, CAREIndia is interested in working for

the economic rehabilitation of PwDs by identifying viable livelihood

options for them and facilitating the implementation of these options.

With a strong networking with local NGOs as well as other NGOs working

for PwDs, CAREIndia is interested in assessing the possibility of

supporting a project on livelihood for PwDs in Bhuj.

A feasibility study, therefore, was requested to be taken up so as to

assess the capacity of PwDs as well as capacity building issues, types of

income generation activities PwDs are interested in or engaged in, various

types of supports (technical, marginal, marketing etc) required,

sustainability issues so on and so forth.


Objectives of the feasibility study

1. Capacity assessment of KYVM and required support

2. Capacity assessment of PwDs in terms of livelihood options

3. Sustainability of livelihood activities in terms of:

∗ Market

∗ Physical capabilities of PwDs

∗ Resource agencies for training and other support

∗ Long-term sustainability of the project after withdrawal of initial

support.


2. SITUATION ANALYSIS 2.1 Status of PwDs in India Estimates on disabilities all over the world vary a great deal depending

on the definitions, the source, the methodology and the extent of use of

scientific instruments in identifying and measuring the degree of

disability. Some put it to ten percent of the total population while others

think it is about 4-5 percent of the total population in the world. A

survey was conducted by national Sample Survey organization in 1991

to estimate the magnitude of the problem in India, which indicated that

about 2% of the total population of the country, have physical or sensory

disabilities that include visual, speech, hearing and locomotor

disabilities. Another survey was undertaken to identify the

developmental delays associated with mental retardation, which showed

that approximately 3% of the children between the age of 3-14 have

developmental delays. In terms of numbers it comes to over 90 million

people with disabilities in India. The latest census of 2001 should be able

to give more recent figures. It is tragic that such huge groups of people

are further marginalized of the marginalized lot. By-n-large majority of

the disabled population in India are poor and lead a life of extreme

deprivation and sub human conditions. However, there is a noticeable

change in the scenario over the last decade. In all the progressive

countries of the world, people with disabilities are being viewed in the

light of human rights rather than pity and charity. In India, specially, the

passing of the new law- Persons with Disabilities Act 1995 has

demonstrated the undeniable shift from charity and welfare to civil rights

for this marginalized group of people.

State of disability in Gujarat 1. Government of India estimates 4-5% of the population suffers from

disabilities.

- Which means approximately 4 crore people at the lower range

2. WHO estimates 10% of the population suffers from disabilities.


- Which means approximately 10 crore people

3. Population of Gujarat 5.5 crore (as per 2001 census)

- Which means 25 lakhs PwDs (as per GOI estimate)

- Which means 50.5 lakhs PwDs (as per WHO estimate)

- Which means 15.8 lakhs PwDs in rural areas

- Which means 9.2 lakhs PwDs in urban areas

Based on the estimates of the National Sample Survey Organization

(1991) and projections made as per the rate of incidence of disabilities,

the number of Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) in the employable age

group is estimated as follows (National figure):

Category wise Distribution of PwDs in India

No. CATEGORY POPULATION PROJECTIONS

(1991)(in lakhs) (2001)(in lakhs)

1. Locomotor disability 43.87 49.13

2. Visual disability 10.54 11.80

3. Hearing disability 12.48 13.97

4. Speech disability 10.47 11.72

5. Any other physical

disability

68. 81 77.06

TOTAL 146.17 163.71

However, since several disabilities like leprosy cured and low vision etc.

were not included in the NSSO Survey, the actual number of disabled

persons in the country would be much larger.

As per 2001 census, the total number of workers in the state of Gujarat

is 20,368,797 (20 lakhs) while total number of non-workers is

28,018,473. Assuming that the figures include PwDs, the total number

of workers should be 10,18,439 (10 lakhs) whereas the total number of

non-workers should be 14,00,923 (14 lakhs). These figures are


underestimate as the number of earthquake affected PwDs is not readily

available. However the figures mentioned above have been statistically

extrapolated and certainly do not provide the true picture. It is estimated

throughout the world that for every 10,000 persons employed only one

Person with Disability gets a job. The PwD Act 1995 has certainly

brightened the job prospect of the disabled persons since 3 % of the

Government and public sector undertaking jobs have been secured for

them. With effective implementation of the act a major portion of

unemployment of the PwDs can be solved.


2.2 Implications of PwD act: General

There is a close relationship between poverty & disability. Malnutrition

weak mothers, inadequacy in immunization, accidents, overcrowded

homes etc. contribute to the incidence of disability. Whether disability

is accepted as an ordinary part of human existence or it is unacceptable

at it threatens the convenience of able bodied is the issue how disability

is viewed. The liberation of disabled people is ultimately a question of

justice & rights ensured in law, made real by the improving relationship

that come from a genuine understanding by the rest of the society.

It may be acceptable to say that by passing of the Act the government of

India has acknowledged the very existence of PwDs in India. The Act has

demonstrated the undeniable philosophical shift from charity and

welfare to civil rights. Segregation has been replaced by integration.

Ignoring priorities of PwDs is the thing of past and emphasis on full

participation of PwDs is the new thing in. The government of India

through "The persons with disabilities (equal opportunities protection of

rights and full participation) Bill’s1995 passed in December 95.and

became enforceable in February 96, has provided a framework for the

implementation of legal progressive activities for PwDs.

The recent legislation or PwD act of 1995 has offered the disabled

people in India, the legal power to check the complex issues of PwDs.

Although it is important to realize that legislation alone cannot radically

change the fabric of a society in a short span of time; it can

nevertheless, increase accessibility of the PwDs to education &

employment, to public buildings & shopping centers to means of

transport & communication. The impact of well-directed legislation in

the long run would be profound & liberating. The greatest achievement

of the legislation is that disability has become a civil rights issue.

Discrimination against PwD must be compromised or stopped. The act

has placed PwD at par with other citizens. It has established

responsibilities on the society to make adjustments for PwDs so that

they can overcome various practical, psychological, social, technological


hurdles created by their impairment. Protection of the rights of PwDs

was long over due and the act has clearly spelt it out.

The technical framework provided for establishment of the Central

Coordination Committee as well as State Coordination Committee has

set the tone for effective planning and implementation of the act. It

provides enough flexibility so as to make the Act practicable. It also

mentions undertaking the joint efforts of government machinery and

consultations with PwDs themselves or NGOs for PwDs.

The following page will bring about a brief note on the implications for

PwDs as a result of the PwD act 95.The act has recognized and defined

seven categories of disabilities. To make the identification of there PwDs

who have other disabilities not specified in the chap.1 need attention in

future for inclusion. However to begin with the specified definition

serves the purpose of beginning of identification of PwDs in India.

♦ Prevention: One of ten people in India suffers from some form of

disability or the other. In the other words, about 10% of the total

population counters are PwDs. The act has specifically spelt out the

steps to be taken for the prevention of occurrence of disabilities by

appropriate government and local authorities. The law has declared

that disability occurrence must be reduced with the enforcement of

proper activities and also that existing disability need not be an

insurmountable handicap. The stream on public awareness

regarding education on occurrence or prevention of disability can go

a long way in reducing the large number of PwDs in India. It has

been well proven that prevention of disability is a easier and cheaper

than rehabilitation.

The Act enjoins the Governments and Local Authorities to:

•Undertake surveys, investigation, research, concerning the causes of

disabilities,

•Promote various methods of preventing disabilities

•Screen all children at least once in a year to identify the “at-risk”

cases

•Provide appropriate facilities at PHCs


•Promote awareness campaigns

•Ensure pre-natal, perinatal and postnatal CAREof Mother and Child

♦ Education: There is little doubt that the new act has opened up gates

for social opportunities for PwDs in the field of education. It has

become imperative on part of appropriate education children through

various schemes. The act has also made it mandatory for appropriate

Government to set up teachers’ training institution to develop trained

manpower for special schemes, provision of appropriate transport

facilities etc. The large number of children previously unable to

attend schools or actually unwanted in classrooms now have a legal

rights to education. This protection of right and equal opportunity

has been possible due to this act with the fact that every child with

disability has access to free education.

The Act makes it obligatorily on the Governments and the Local

Authorities to ensure that every child with a disability has access to

free education till the age of 18. the Act requires the Government and

local authorities to -

∗ Ensure the integration of student with disabilities in a normal

schools

∗ Set up special schools for children with disabilities

∗ Equip special schools with vocational training facilities to

increase their employment potential

♦ Employment: Those PwDs who beg for survival make the image of

PwDs as poor, pitiable human beings who have been trapped by their

role in a cycle of deprivation and misery for work. The highlight of the

Act is that it has given statutory recognition to the policy of

reservation for PwDs in employment sector. Economic independence is

very essential for PwDs to be active and useful members of the society.

By declaring three percent reservation in all group "C" and 'D' posts as

well as establishing special employment the act has highlighted the

role of PwDs as productive members of society and not as mere

passive receivers and or a burden on the society. The Government are


required to make a reservation of 3 % for Persons With Disabilities as

also provide for age relaxation in employment.

∗ Grant-in-aided educational institutions also to make reservation

of 3 %

∗ Setting up of special employment exchanges

∗ To formulate schemes for training and welfare of persons with

disabilities

♦ Affirmative action: This section of the law speaks about the assertive

devices that can offer the PwD equal opportunities to compete with

others in the society. The person with polio, now, has no problem to

get into the bus or in getting into a taxi or train that previously

prevented him from doing so. PwDs need no longer waste their

energies in feeling inferior getting discriminated or having their rights

violated. Instead they should invest their energies in improving their

own potential and constructing a liberated society around them.

∗ The Act provides that the Govt. make schemes to provide aids and

appliances to persons with disabilities

∗ Provides for preferential allotment of land at concessional rates for

housing, setting up business, setting up recreational centres,

establishment of special schools & research centres and

establishment of factories by entrepreneurs with disabilities

♦ Research & Manpower development: With a lot of financial incentives

to universities to enable them to undertake research in prevention of

disability, rehabilitation of PwDs development of assistive devices, job

identification, site modifications so on and so forth. It is expected

that newer technological advances will help reduce the past barriers

to bring about fuller participation of PwDs in all walks of social life.

The substantial number of PwDs can be brought out from the

miserable pit of isolation and extreme dependence providing

appropriate assistance for the special needs of PwDs and give boost

to their self-esteem.


The Act directs the Govt. and the local authorities to promote and sponsor

research in the areas of

∗ Prevention of disabilities

∗ Rehabilitation

∗ Development of assistive devices

∗ Job identification

∗ Site modification in places of work for facilitation

The Governments are also enjoined to provide financial assistance to

Universities/Professional bodies/NGOs to undertake research for

special education, rehabilitation and manpower development

♦ Non-discrimination: The impact of the act on old and deep-seated

discriminatory practices and attitude against PwDs may not be felt

very soon. However, with legal bindings of non discrimination in

transport on the road, in the built environment and in Government

employment; it is sincerely hoped that the Act will help create a new

accessible society through not only buildings, foot paths, railway

platforms but also in the hearts of Indian people that should become

more open more receptive and more unbiased.

No discrimination in transport

♦ Railways, buses, ships and aircraft should provide special devices to permit easy access to Persons with Disabilities

♦ They should also adapt their toilets including their waiting rooms to permit use by wheel-chair users

No discrimination on the road

♦ The authorities are encouraged to provide special regulatory devices on road such as auditory signals for the visually handicapped and textured zebra crossing

No discrimination in the build environment

♦ The local authorities should provides ramps in public buildings, adapt toilets for wheel-chair users, install Braille an auditory signals in lifts.

No discrimination in the employment

♦ Persons with Disabilities cannot be removed if the disability is acquired during the course of his duties

♦ Promotion in service cannot be denied on the ground of disabilities


♦ Recognition of institution for PwD: In order to provide competent

services to PwDs the act has mentioned the rules and regulations for

running institutions for PwDs. This way the quality of the services can

be monitored and also the quacks can be got rid of. Institutions for

PwD with severe disabilities have been mentioned as the scheme for

severally disabled people who may be in need of residential care,

personal attention due to the nature and extent of the disability. This

provision of the Act may prove helpful to countless numbers of non-

disabled people where lives are deeply altered by disability of others.

These are the caregivers. Taking care of severely disable family

member lives little time for social and leisure activities, it means lost

opportunities for education and employment outside home. These care

givers too need attention that was being ignored all these years.

The real battle for the implementation is the sincerity and

determination required at all levels of government, at all spheres of

society and by all kinds of PwDs. In order to ensure that

discrimination is outcast and barriers are removed, as much from the

physical environment as from the attitudes of people, a firm

commitment to end unfair and unfounded prejudices, concrete steps

need to taken in form of various programs that can translate the Act

into a reality for PwDs. As stated at the beginning of this chapter,

development is ultimately about people having control over their own

lines. Meaningful development can take place if a proper plan is

prepared and implemented. That in practical terms means the

integration of the special needs of PwDs in the mainstream planning.


2.3 Existing support systems for PwDs in Gujarat The distinct feature of the PwD Act is the provision for statutory

safeguard authorities with judicial power, in the form of Chief

Commissioner at national level, and Commissioner at state level. The

disabled persons are defined as blind persons, visually impaired,

leprosy cured, mentally ill, mentally retarded, deaf and dumb and

with locomoter disability. The Govt. of Gujarat has taken prompt

measures for its implementation and leads in the country in the

development measures.

Commissioner for persons with disabilities

1. A full time Commissioner is appointed since December 1998 by the

Govt. of Gujarat.

2. The role of Commissioner for Disabled Persons is regulatory as well as

promotional. Commissioner works as a coordinator for various inter

department Programmes

3. He takes up the cause of disabled persons with various Governemnt

departments and non-Government agencies.

4. As regulator, under the Act, he acts as a judge to safeguard rights

granted to disabled persons. Due to his intervention, persons removed

due to disability acquired during the course of service have been

reinstated, admissions in educational institutions secured where

quota rules were violated. Similarly licenses have been secured as to

work as conductors. Posts of teachers are sanctioned to organize and

operate programme, land has been granted on preferential basis.

5. Commissioner holds Lok Adalat at district level to solve on the spot

the problems of disabled persons.

6. Collectors have been designated as Additional Commissioners with a

district level co-ordination committee to monitor progress of

assistance under various schemes and for preparing action plan for

preventive measure. Every district has been asked to prepare an

yearly Action Plan.

7. There are about 148 NGOS working in the state. But many Talukas do

not have NGOs to work for disabled persons. NGOs working for Rural


Development Programme are motivated to work for Disabled Persons

in remaining Talukas.

8. NGOs like SEVA, Kothari Trust, Motera Trust, Tata Institute of

Agriculture have been motivated to expand their sphere of activities to

include welfare measures for persons with disabilities.

9. The departments concerned have been activated to take up activities

related to them. In Gujarat almost all departments have issued

administrative instructions to help the persons with disabilities in

coordination with Commissioner for Disabled Persons.

The state coordination committee: section 13

1. The State Coordination Committee has been constituted by the

Government of Gujarat and its meetings are regular.

2. The Governemnt has also constituted District Coordination

Committees with the District Collector as Chairperson. Collectors are

declared as Additional Commissioners to monitor implementation of

the Act with district level officers concerned. Collector works as the

coordinator as well as regulator for enforcement of provisions of the

Act at grass root level. Commissioner prescribes quarterly returns for

all district level officers for monitoring the implementation of various

provisions.

Prevention and early detection of disabilities: Section 25

1. Health department is holding Block / Taluka level camps for

certification of disabled persons. Certificates are issued on the spot.

2. Health department has already taken up house-to-house survey to

check for disabilities among children. The screening of children going

school is also taken up every year.

3. Health department is implementing various preventive measures

programmes for prevention of blindness, Polio, Mental retardedness,

Leprosy etc.

4. Health department has also taken up programme for awareness

through village level functionaries. Comprehensive training

programme for training of doctors and other health functionaries is

under implementation.


Education: Sections 26 to 31

Inclusive Education:-

26731 children with disabilities are covered under integrated

education programme and for every 10 children, one teacher is

provided for special training. These children are going to normal

school and they are provided free education.

Blind-Visually impaired 4312

Hearing Impaired 2296

Physically handicapped 13363

Mentally retarded 6751

Total 26731

1. 3% reservation in Higher Education and as well also in all streams of

Higher Education has been provided. In Medical and Engineering

courses, more than 100 Disabled Persons got admission in the year

2001-2002.

2. Admission of disabled children in normal school is provided. There is

reservation of 3% seats.

3. Govt. is also providing free education, uniform, books and hearing aid

to all children up to the age of 18 years. Special scholarships are also

available for higher education. 24620 Children are assisted under

this.

4. Govt. is supporting six teachers’ training collages for Disabled

Persons.

5. Govt. is opening special schools for disabled children who cannot go to

normal schools.

Employment: Sections 32 to 41

1. 3% reservation is provided in all Govt. and Govt. aided institutions.

More than 500 disabled persons are appointed as teachers under the

scheme of Vidya Sahayak in year 2001-2002.

2. DRDA Agencies are providing wages employment and self employment

under their schemes. Identification of beneficiaries have been


completed Approx. 12,000 beneficiaries are identified. Out of this 633

are already covered under self-employment scheme. The DRDAs have

also provided houses through Indira Vikas Yojana to Disabled

Persons.

3. Under Sant Surdas schemes monthly allowance of Rs. 200/- is

provided to unemployed disabled

persons. Eligible Persons should have;

a) More than 75% disability

b) Above age of 18 years

c) Belonging to below poverty line family

Concessional finance for economic activities is provided by Gujarat

State Finance Corporation, which is working in collaboration with

National Handicapped Finance & Development Corporation. Disabled

artisans are provided free took-kit for their self-employment, by social

Defense Department. More than 3700 disabled persons are supported

under the scheme.

4. Special Vocational Training Centers are set up under Industrial

Training Institute scheme. Six Special Employment Exchanges have

been set up for disabled persons.

5. Factories employing more than 200 persons are required to have 1%

reservation. This has been already achieved.

Affirmative Action: Sections 42 to 43

1. Govt. directions are issued for 3% reservation in housing schemes of

Housing Board, Indira Avas Yojna and Sardar Avas Yojna.

2. Govt. instructions are issued for grant of land on concessional rates to

disabled persons and their institutions.

3. Under another scheme, assistive devices like tri-cycle, artificial limbs,

hearing aid, etc. are provided free of charge to disabled persons by

Social Defence Department.

4. The Government is providing grant-in-aid to more than 145

institutions run by non-Government agencies. These institutions are

involved in residential education/training and rehabilitation of


disabled children who cannot go to normal schools. Govt. is also

running its own training centers in various districts.

5. Identity cards are issued to disabled person. This makes him eligible

for all schemes of special assistance.

6. Free passes for travel in State Transport and Railways are provided to

disabled persons. An amount of Rs. 3.60 crores is paid on an average

every year to State Road Transport Corporation.

Non-discrimination: Sections 45 to 47

1. Govt. directions are issued to provide ramps to important govt.

offices in all districts. Target given to complete this by end of March

2002.

2. Town Planning and Valuation Department have issued instructions

to local bodies to incorporate in their building by-laws the

accessibility clause.

3. District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) provides funds to Gram

Panchayats for construction of ramps.

Recognition of institutions for persons with disabilities: Section

50 to 55

Director social Defense is declared as competent authority for

registration of institutions. More than 150 institutions are already

registered.

Appointment of Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities:

Sections 60 to 63

A full time Commissioner is appointed since December 1998 by the

Govt. of Gujarat. He has heard and disposed of 91 cases. The break-

up of cases follows…


Cases Heard & Disposed

Year Categories Disposal

Blind Orthopaedic Other

1998 - 99 8 7 0 All in favour

1999 – 00 3 12 0 All in favour

2000 - 01 5 1 0 All in favour

2001 - 02 18 18 4 23 in favour, 2 not in

favour, 15 cases

pending

2002 – 03 4 8 3 2 in favour, 13

pending

Total 38 46 7 In favour – 61, not in

favour – 2, pending -

28

Grand

total

91

Source – Commissioner for PwDs, Government of Gujarat


2.4 Social and economic impact of earthquake Within Kutch District the most affected sub-districts (talukas) are

Anjar, Bachau, Bhuj, Gandidham and Rapar. The destruction has

been colossal and most remaining buildings are severely cracked.

Loss of life and injuries

The death toll was estimated to be about 20 000, but it is difficult to

be precise as many bodies were not recovered. The number of injured

and treated was estimated to be 166 834 in February 2001, of these

over 17 000 sustained orthopedic, head and other serious injuries and

were admitted to hospital. The exact number of people suffering from

permanent disabilities is not yet known. The Government of Gujarat

(GOG) has announced cash compensation (100 000 rupees) for the

next of kin of the deceased. Compensation will also be given to those

who sustained injuries on a graded scale related to the severity of the

injury, the maximum being Rs 5000.

Damage to health infrastructure

Prior to the earthquake, the following levels organized health care in

Gujarat:

♦ Sub centers 5000 population

♦ Primary health CARE(PHC) centers up to 30 000 population

♦ Community health centers (CHC) over 30 000 population

♦ District hospitals for referral cases

The earthquake has completely destroyed two District hospitals, 20

CHCs, 50 PHC centers and 300 sub-centers. Many other health

facilities have sustained partial damage and may have been

structurally weakened. A preliminary assessment of the damage was

estimated to be Rs 1705 million.

There has also been substantial damage to the water supply with 319

tube wells damaged (274 in Kutch) affecting 18 towns and 1340

villages. About 50% of the pipeline network in Banaskantha,


Jamnager, Kutch and Rajkot was damaged. This damage has severely

affected access to clean water and health care.

The economic impact of the earthquake includes:

(a) Asset losses (direct damage);

(b) Output losses (indirect damage); and

(c) Fiscal costs (secondary effects).

Destruction of private assets in the affected districts has been

massive. Of the estimated Rs. 9,900 crore ($2.1 billion) total asset

losses, Rs. 7,400 crore ($1.6 billion) is a private asset. While the

impact of the earthquake on India’s gross domestic product is

insignificant, in the areas where it struck, the earthquake devastated

lives, social infrastructure, and economic foundations.

(a) Preliminary estimates total Rs. 9,900 crore ($2.1 billion) in asset

losses and Rs. 10,600 crore ($2.3 billion) in improved-standard

reconstruction costs (see Table 1).

The assessment team distinguished between same-standard

replacement costs (i.e., the costs for restoring assets to the standard

that existed before) and improved-standard reconstruction costs (i.e.,

the costs for rebuilding to a standard that responds to local

conditions, including the risk of natural disaster). These totals are

likely to be revised significantly as more detailed on-site damage

assessments are completed by qualified experts in the coming weeks

and months.

Preliminary Estimate of Asset Losses and Reconstruction Costs, as of

February 23, 2001 (See Table 2)

Replacement of immovable assets with improved earthquake/cyclone

resistance.

Includes value of household contents such as consumer durables;

reconstruction excludes replacement of these assets.

Includes roads and bridges, railways, and airports.

Includes costs of rubble removal in urban and rural areas.


Public assets above include: health, 70 percent of education assets,

irrigation, rural water supply, municipal infrastructure, public

buildings and monuments, power, transport, ports, and

telecommunications; plus the environment.

Private assets above include housing, 30 percent of education assets,

and production assets in agriculture and livestock, industry and

services.

*Asset losses and reconstruction costs to agriculture, industry, and

services, exclusive of sectors listed above.

Source: Government of Gujarat and Assessment Mission Estimates

It was estimated that the earthquake affected 37.8 million people.

Housing, schools, roads, communications systems and power lines

were all severely destroyed and this has resulted in a loss of livelihood

as well as life (see Table 1) and has severe financial implications (Table

2).


Table 1 - Affected Districts – Gujarat State

(Source: http://gujaratindia.co.districtwise.html accessed 17 February

2001, Indian Government Krishi Control Room Report updated to 16

February 2001)

District Population Affected

Villages

Affected

Population

Deaths Injured Houses

destroyed

Houses

Damaged

Cattle

Dead

Kutch 1,262,507 949 1,262,507 17,030 136048 207,148 147,861 19,470

Ahmedabad 4,687,491 392 3,894,000 750 4,040 1,768 69,530 20

Rajkot 2,514,122 686 1,594,000 422 11,951 43,702 119,762 171

Jamnagar 1,563,558 685 1,563,000 119 4,930 26,642 107,161 549

Surendranagar 1,208,872 661 1,154,000 112 2,909 29,556 180,358 121

Surat 3,397,900 94 397,989 46 190 32 1,222 1

Patan 935,203 349 664,000 34 1,695 15,765 38,891 15

Banaskantha 2,013,519 452 719,000 32 2,770 1,841 8076 162

Navsarai 1,085,692 110 87,783 17 52 98 477 1

Porbandar 376,113 157 376,113 9 90 2,767 17,738 8

Bharuch 1,148,052 248 460,000 9 44 994 7,153 76

Junagadh 2,018,446 554 597,787 8 89 423 11,630 3

Gandhinagar 1,026728 210 35,000 8 241 3 5,536 2

Bhavnagar 2,060315 535 445,226 4 45 1,216 22,781 4

Vadodara 3,039,127 85 186,092 1 270 18 158 1

Anand 1,647,759 124 4,687 1 20 33 804 6

Mehsana 1,648,251 611 1,648,251 0 56 18 1,560 1

Sabarkantha 1,761,086 68 128,000 0 56 1 84 1

Kheda 1,793,138 350 35,121 0 28 74 1,184 4

Amreli 1,484,300 273 599,000 0 5 510 8,963 2


Valsad 1,087,680 108 5,985 0 0 1 72 0

TOTAL 37,759,859 7,701 15,857,541 18,602 165,529 332,610 751,001 20,61

8

Table 2 - Financial Costs

(1 Crore = 10 million)

(Source: Indian Government Krishi Control Room Report updated to 16

February 2001)

Personal Property Rs 387 crore USD 83,911,535

Household Property Rs 11,195 crore USD 2,427,363,399

Public Utilities Rs 600 crore USD 130,095,403

Public Infrastructure &

Utilities

1,080 crore USD 234,171,725

Industrial establishment 5,000 crore USD 1,084,128,360

Commercial

establishment

3,000 crore USD 650,477,016

TOTAL 21,262 crore USD 4,610,147,441

Based on the data provided by Action Aid, Gandhidham some graphs are

given below for easy understanding of present status of PwDs in Gujarat

(in particular earthquake affected districts) and provides some insight for

planning livelihood options for them. The original data is attached in

annexure.

While on one hand this earthquake proved to be a mighty leveller and a

strong catalyst for mutual support within the communities irrespective of

caste and religion. It has demonstrated the self-pride of Gujaratis in

general and Kutchis in particular. On the other hand, one finds that


there has not been equitable response from those in power both from

outside and from within the communities. Some marginalized sections of

the community have been left out. Also caste-divisions are coming in

way of collective decision-making amongst the villagers. This is crucial if

they have to make their voice heard to the decision makers while they

decide on their long-term rehabilitation.

• One of the major sources of Kutch’s economy has been the traditional

craft, which are closely linked to the livelihood of many women. The

impact of the earthquake on this source of local economy is grave and

needs to be given special attention.

• The local economy is deeply rooted in the local social and cultural

context as is demonstrated in the case of Barbers. As such the needs

for local economy are very different and need to be understood before

economic rehabilitation packages are doled out.

• Moreover the local economy is dependent on both formal and informal

sector and one cannot be outweighed for another. This is multi-faceted

and complex and cannot be categorized in standard terms. They carry

different meanings for each individual and for gender. Moreover

various sectors mutually support each other and as such are inter-

dependent.

• The physical vulnerability is closely related to economic vulnerability.

The case of inability in constructing ‘earthquake resistant’ traditional

bhungas is in focus here.

• Multi-hazard perspective is also important to be understood to

understand the economically vulnerable conditions that in fact served

as setting for this disaster. The effects of droughts and cyclones are in

focus here.

• The ‘provider’ approach increases the dependency of people in the long

run and is detrimental to their self-pride. This is very evident in

Gujarat where the people out rightly demand sustainable livelihood

opportunities. This is the key to their sustainable recovery from this

disaster.

• Psychological response to disasters is also deeply rooted in the

cultural and religious context, which dictates how people perceive the


cause of the disaster and respond to it. Their response may be highly

irrational but they nevertheless serve to help the community mentally

cope with disasters. The case of burning TV sets is worth mentioning

here. How one should handle this is a very difficult and sensitive

question but nevertheless demands to be taken into consideration.

• While physical injured and handicapped are enormous and need

special care, there are many who are affected mentally. Both need

sustained effort to nurse broken lives and hearts back to health

besides dealing with various disabilities. This needs special measures

for victims of different age groups and sexes.

In a month, we hear the news that 90% villagers have already rejected

the relocation plans of the government. One asks why did they do so.

Obviously they must be having lot of reasons related to their livelihood

and cultural association values to the original place. Also one wonders

if real community participation will take place after all, in the light of

existing power structures.

The re-establishment of livelihoods is a priority. Communities in the

affected areas earn their living from agriculture and dairy production,

salt farming, and forest collection. Crafts are another source of

livelihood. Micro-credit programs are starting to provide loans to

individuals. However, there are many people who have lost all of their

tools and supplies, and remain idle. Relief agencies are emphasizing

vocational training in practical skills that village residents will be able

to use in their own rebuilding process. Many shelter projects, for

example, also provide employment opportunities for the local people

who carry out the work. Training women in crafts production and

marketing strategies is also essential, and micro-enterprises are being

set up to assist them with small loans and training.


2.5 Livelihood options for PwDs Livelihood is a means by which life is sustained. Livelihood designates

our means of assistance – be it paid jobs, self-employment, business

ownership, accumulated wealth, support of family, network of

community, Governemnt assistance, so on and so forth. Sufficient and

sustainable livelihood for all people with disabilities in the given area

of earthquake affected Bhuj is the aim of all those who are concerned

regarding equal opportunities and protection of rights of PwDs.

Sufficient means adequate income to enable PwDs to meet their basic

needs, including nutrition, housing, clothing etc and participation in

the community with dignity. Sustainability is the capacity of natural

and social systems to survive and thrive together over long term. What

is sufficient in providing for people’s wants often is in tension with

what can be sustained over time. Sustainability has implications for

how we evaluate economic activity in terms of its ongoing effects on

the well being of both nature and human. Effects to provide sufficient

livelihood must be sustainable economically. Status of employment

i.e. paid jobs is depressing in general all over the world.

Throughout the world there is a job crisis. Times are hard for millions

of people in both industrialized nations as well as in developing

countries. Consider these facts:

♦ 30 per cent of the world’s labour force is either out of work or

under-employed. That means that more than 820 million people

worldwide are either unemployed or working at a job that does not

pay a subsistence wage. Youth unemployment is worsening.

♦ Unemployment is highest among unskilled workers and immigrants

in most countries. Poor countries are hardest hit. The situation in

Africa is particularly troublesome with most countries experiencing

a major decline in living standards. In many countries, the gap has

been growing between people earning high and low wages.

♦ A farm laborer in a sugar plantation in the Philippines is paid seven

pesos (28 cents) per hour but has to pay 22 pesos (88 cents) for one


kilo of sugar. A woman in Thailand has to sew 80 pairs of blue

jeans to earn enough money to buy one pair of jeans.

In these situations, how can people with disabilities find and keep

employment? Even without accurate figures on the size of the problem

in developing countries, it is obvious that people with disabilities are

more exposed to unemployment than the rest of the population. In

many urban areas the chances of their remaining without work are five

times more than for others. Even where people with disabilities have

access to good vocational rehabilitation services geared to finding the

right sort of job, they can still expect to meet physical, cultural and

social barriers, which place them at a disadvantage. With reduced

income opportunities, their family and social lives are also severely

limited.

The outlook is worse for disabled women, who are among the most

disadvantaged groups in Asian society. They have fewer opportunities

for vocational training and are discouraged by their family members to

leave the home and often denied education.

♦ Vocational training

Vocational training gives people with disabilities a sense of equality

when competing for employment particularly in urban areas.

Traditionally, the training takes place in separate special centers in an

urban setting. People with disabilities from rural areas are either

recruited, or are attracted to theses training centers. This migration

brings with it problems of adjustment to urban life, high cost of living

and difficulties in finding affordable accommodation. Often the

vocational skills they acquire are likely to be of limited value in their

rural home life and members of the family may not perceive an

improved work potential in them.

♦ Self-employment

If a vast majority of people with disabilities live in rural areas, we must

evolve strategies to take rehabilitation services and livelihood


programmes to the rural areas. Self-employment, properly tackled is a

viable income generation option for many people with disabilities. The

person with disabilities makes the decision and assumes a responsible

and creative role in the enterprise. It usually involves the whole family,

who provide the support, security, and often times the skills needed by

the person with disabilities. In most developing countries the extended

family still plays a major role.

These enterprises are located in or near the house so that mobility

problems and transport costs are substantially reduced. Village based

enterprises use readily available materials that have a local demand.

They are therefore appropriate in that they produce goods which poor

people need at prices they can afford.

A recent official publication of DPI on the employment scenario in India

with reference to PwDs mentions that “there are about 60 million PwDs

in India, out of which about 6 million are awaiting employment.

According to the Directory of Institutions complied by the National

Information on disability and rehabilitation in India, there are more

than 2000 NGOs working in the area of disability. Most of these

organizations are engaged in service delivery providing education,

distributing aids and appliances and imparting vocational

rehabilitation. The voluntary sectors pioneering effect in providing

services to PwDs indeed credible, but in terms of employment they

have very little to offer.

In addition, most of the PwDs live in rural areas while most of the

NGOs are based in urban areas. Life patterns in rural areas have a lot

of bearing on agriculture and agro industry systems. The PwDs

therefore need to capitalize on any special capacity, skills or knowledge

they have in order to start a livelihood and be productive members of

the mainstream.


3. DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSIS 3.1 Methodology The feasibility study included the following methodology:

∗ Literature review

∗ Collection of primary data through field visits, focus group

discussion with stakeholders, interactions with service

provides in the NGO sector as well as Government officials

with specific focus on livelihood issues, capacity building

components, sustainability issues, supports required.

The first field visit was undertaken to Bhuj during 2nd – 5th Dec. 2002

during which data was collected through:

∗ Focus group discussion with a group of male PwDs

∗ Focus group discussion with a group of female PwDs

The two focus group discussions were aimed at identification of

the expectations and interests of PwDs regarding livelihood

issues as well as their existing capacities.

∗ A meeting in which 12 local NGOs working in the field of

disability participated the discussion brought forth pertinent

issues regarding networking. Strengths and weakness of NGOs

were also understood to some extent.

∗ Discussion with the Project Director of FICCI / CAREIndia, the

project coordinator of disability livelihood project, coordinator

health project and coordinator of overall livelihood project.

∗ Discussions with KYVM’s president and executive body.

∗ Interactions with Government officials including the state

commissioner of disabilities provided much needed insight

regarding Government initiatives and support for livelihood

issues of PwDs.

∗ Literature review provided much needed information on

initiatives taken by Government of Gujarat as per PwD Act.

However, specific interventions after earthquake were not

available


3.2 Capacity assessment of KYVM Kutch is a large district. Due to geographical location the educational

level is low in comparison to other districts in Gujarat. The proportion

of poor as well as PwDs is much more in Kutch district. In Kutch

alone number of PwDs more than 18000. Due to poverty, ignorance

and lack of education and awareness, the PwDs in Kutch district are

deprived of various Government schemes of PwDs. KYVM had been

established for the protection of the rights of PwDs and to help them

stand their own with dignity in mainstream society. KYVM handout as

well as discussion with KYVM members provides the following

information:

Kutch Yuva Viklang Mandal (KYVM) is a district level organization

working for PwDs over the last few years. Established in 1997 by a

group of interested (12) persons. Apparently all of them were Persons

with Disabilities who further decided that only a disabled person

could become a member of the organization having voting rights. It

was formally registered under societies’ registration act in the year

2000. The constitution of KYVM is attached as annexure. KYVM

envisions an inclusive society without any discrimination against

PwDs where every person with disability can exercise right to life with

dignity. Policy advocacy, access to opportunities and providing

support system required by PwDs in order to reduce their

vulnerability has been the mission of KYVM. As of today KYVM has

over 4000 registered members in 7 talukas of Kutch. KYVM have a

concept of life long primary membership which amount of Rs. 25/-

per individual per year. All of them are volunteers’ set up with high

level of confidence and enthusiasm, honesty and transparency. The

members are open for learning new things, which is a big strength of

the NGO. It also has a strong knowledge base of issues associated

with disability, has advocacy support and experience and strong

acceptance by PwD community.

However, KYVM has no experience of project management so far. Their

operations in the past have been limited to medical rehabilitation,


distribution of kits and aids and appliances to PwDs. They also have

no professional manpower and have very limited resources. KYVM has

been working very closely with Action Aid on CBR project in Bhuj

district and 13 members of KYVM have been trained as disability

workers. Formation of Self Help Groups (SHG) is the focus of CBR

project by Action Aid in partnership with local organizations. However,

KYVM to collaboration with Action Aid KYVM have several functional

groups in action. Presently with help and support from Action Aid,

KYVM has been working towards building capacity to ensure that it

can take larger roles and responsibilities in future.

About KYVM:

1. KYVM works democratically

2. All KYVM members as well as office bearers are PwDs.

3. The total strength of paid members as of today is 1500 out of

which 200 are women.

4. Every taluka has 2 representatives of KYVM.

5. Be there a specific agenda or not, first Sunday of every month a

meeting is held of KYVM members.

KYVM’s work till today:

1. Arranged for intercity free pass in State Transport for PwDs

2. PTCB 3% reservations restored for employment of PwDs

3. Demanded inclusion of PwDs in relief related work.

4. 3% reservations for seats in State Transport buses are

demanded.

5. Have demanded land for PwDs from Gujarat Government.

6. Sant Surdas Scheme is being implemented so that pension is

provided to needy PwDs.

7. Demanded low interest loans to be given to PwDs under all

development schemes of the Government.

8. As against one day allotted by the Government for issue of

Disability Certificates in general hospitals, their demand for

three days has now being enforced.


9. Have put in efforts towards registration of PwDs in normal

schools wherever feasible.

10. Have undertaken awareness building on village-to-village basis

so that PwDs can lead a life with dignity in mainstream society.

11. Several rallies were organized during communal rights for

communal harmony.

12. 95 tricycles, 45 stitching machines, wheel chairs as well as

crutches were distributed to needy PwDs with the help of

donors.

13. Written applications are put forth for access free buildings that

are being built after the earthquake.

14. A group for the family members of PwDs is established.

15. In Lakhpat taluka disability certificates were arranged for 211

PwDs.

16. In Mundra taluka disability certificates were arranged for 19

PwDs.

17. 165 PwDs were provided assistance for gaining employment in

Mundra taluka.

Future plans:

1. No PwDs should be deprived of basic education.

2. All PwDs should have access to self-employment.

3. Residential homes are planned for orphans as well as mentally

ill peoples.

4. Sincere efforts to be put in for proper implementation of the

disabilities act 1995.

5. Various awareness programs to be undertaken for positive

acceptance of PwDs in the society.

6. Access free environment specially Government offices and

NGOs.

7. Plan for marriage Mela for PwDs.

8. Organizing entrepreneurship training for PwDs so that they can

get self-employment.

9. Demand and consorted effort for pension to severely disabled

people from Government of Gujarat.


10. Sincere efforts to minimize the problems in getting loans for

PwDs.

11. Social schemes to be implemented properly in favour of PwDs.

12. Awareness creation among women with disabilities as well as

other women to come forward to protect their rights.

13. Efforts to be put in to provide justice to orphan, widows and

destitute and include them in mainstream society.

14. Strive for an equal society where caste and creed bar do not

exist.

15. Work for Dalits.

16. KYVM activities to be spread to other districts in Gujarat.

Specific capacity assessment

1. KYVM as a group – A very dedicated group with missionary

zeal of all members. Most of the decisions are democratic in

nature. Structurally the organization does not have a

defined power structure. The president though is the head

of the organization, all major decisions are taken in-group

meeting. The meetings are held regularly with full house

attendance of the executive body, which consist of 13

members. The general body elects the executive committee

for a term of 5 years. The general body meets once a year

with attendance being in thousands. Although there are

1500 paid registered members the other 2500 (approx)

members have equal rights in the organization. Currently

the organization is running on faith and good will of all their

members who are themselves PwDs.

2. Vision/ Mission - The organization has a vision and

mission statement which is as follows:


Vision

Kutch Yuva Viklang Mandal’s vision is an inclusive society

without any discrimination against people with Disability

where every person with disability can exercise his/her rights

to life with dignity.

Mission

Kutch Yuva Viklang Mandal’s mission is to target extremely

vulnerable PwD to organize them to advocate and practice their

rights with dignity; access opportunities in all aspects of life

and build their community based support systems to reduce

their vulnerability.

Having a vision/ mission statement it can be gauged that the

members are committed to the cause and enhancement of the

organization.

3. Leadership – The leadership quality assessment show that

in addition to the president the secretary, treasurer and

four other members of the executive body have good

leadership trait. However, currently there is no formal

leadership development training that any of the members

have undergone hence professional leadership training

needs to be imparted specially given the fact that the

organization will continue to work on multi-facetted

disability issues in addition to livelihood.

4. Decision-making – The organization does not have any

formal structure that facilitates decision-making process.

Currently it is a hit and run method that they are

practicing. The organization needs to be supported by an

expert support organization to prepare specific procedural

document to support the office procedure.

5. Communication – The members highly rely on verbal

communication most of which are either face to face or

through telephone. When meeting is required to be called

the message is sent across to the members through the

taluka representatives. The load of written communication

was not found to be too much. Since the organization is


mostly working as an activist group, the local media does

play an important role in substantiating their views to the

Government as well as the society in general.

6. Motivation – The members of the organization are highly

sensitized and motivated to the cause of the disabled in the

district. Prior to partnering with Action Aid, the members

used their complete energy in activism and advocacy. With

the intervention of Action Aid the members realized that in

addition to their effort in advocacy, they also needed to

make some efforts in service delivery. This will not only

benefit the individual PwDs directly but also enhance their

confidence with the PwDs in the district. Currently the

dedication level of the members was found to be of very

high order.

7. Finance – Currently the organization currently is

financially very weak. Discussing with the members it was

revealed that though they were keen on taking up more

projects, which will directly benefit the PwDs, the members

were against the opinion of building up a strong financial

base for the organization. Most of them fear that with

additional and surplus money coming to the organization,

the chances of dedication to the cause may diminish.

Presently the membership of Rs. 25 per person per year and

small administrative cost given by Action Aid the

organization does not have any other source of income.

However it is felt that the leadership of the organization

need to revisit their thoughts and strategies if sustainability

of the organization has to be guaranteed.

8. Project management capabilities – Systematic efforts

need to be put in building up the project management

capabilities of the organization. It also needs to be noted

that most of the members do not have strong academic

base, which may restrict their capacity to benefit from

sophisticated management and organizational inputs. A

tailor made training program to suit their specific


requirement need to be designed. To that extent it is more

of a challenge for the training institute to respond to the

needs of KYVM.

9. Transparency – KYVM is an extremely transparent

organization. The expenditure done so far through the

funding support of Action aid as well as any collection they

have done including membership fees are open to any of

their 4000 members. The strength of KYVM has made them

an extremely cohesive group that has not only earned them

respect but also keeps the organization vibrant.

10. Linkage

2 Organizational linkage – KYVM has linkages with

organization such as Action Aid (India) as one of their

partners where they have received and amount of Rs. 21

lakhs towards livelihood and building up village

institutions. In addition they have information sharing

relationships with Prayas, Abhiyan, Hath Milao, Marag,

Saath, Unnati, CAREIndia and Government of Gujarat

specially the district administration.

2 Grass root linkage – KYVM has a direct relationship with

the PwDs in 7 out of 9 Talukas of the Kutch district. The

linkages are through the Taluka representatives,

Panchayat members and various PwDs who are

members of KYVM. Their relationship is very strong and

is highly issue based. The experience show that all the

PwDs come together for any common issue which may or

may not directly benefit them.

11. Human resource – The human resource of KYVM is their

strong group of 4000 members. The executive committee

that currently consists of 13 members worked as

volunteers until recently that they draw a small amount

of salary from the administrative cost provided by Action

Aid. Barring a few almost all their members are below

matriculate.


3.3 Capacity assessment of PwDs From the discussion held with the members of KYVM and going

through their membership register it was realized that most of the

PwDs were under matriculate including a large number of them had

attended only primary school. Further interacting with a group in the

village it was realized that the ambition level was very limited. Most of

them only expected to supplement the family income rather than

taking charge of the family. Lack of self confidence coupled with

hopelessness due to Government responses has severely deterred

their ambition to grow in life. However, most of them were willing to

make efforts and it was felt that with little encouragement the mindset

would change. The confidence level also deferred from category to

category. While in the OH category the confidence to undertake

farming activity such as animal husbandry and putting up small

shops was high, the educated visually impaired looked for work in the

office or as primary school teacher. The more severely disabled group

such as paraplegics did not show much enthusiasm for work. The

women on the contrary were more positive and accommodative

towards learning and teaching of village craft such as the intricacies of

embroidery.

The main area of capacity building required would be boosting of self-

confidence & self-image and specific proficiency training for self-

employment.


3.4 Assessment of existing market scenario

Kutch has traditionally being a commercial center district, which is

primarily due to extreme low rainfall that prevented the families from

undertaking farm related activities. The district has witnessed 13

droughts during the last 18 years. In addition to the devastating

earthquake that left the district completely out of gear, the previous

year witnessed a severe cyclone. Hence people were forced to fend for

alternative livelihood possibilities inspite of having land. In addition

to drought the problem of soil being saline add to their misery.

However Kutch also has rich tradition of local arts. The art range

from metal to embroideries, which are sold in the market throughout

the world.

Given the fact that a disabled person can undertake almost all job

depending upon the technological friendliness and accessibility, a

PwD can find his livelihood through both farm and non-farm

activities. While the region typically provides for a better market for

animal husbandry and dry land farming the matrix below depicts

some of the activities that can be taken up either individually or in a

group by the PwDs in this region:


Non-farm livelihood options

No. Item details Approx. ROI

Category of PwDs suited for this job

1. Acrylic button - Process Process for making of buttons from acrylic sheets is essentially die punching technique and consists of following operation.

Cutting of acrylic sheets to rough shaped buttons. Cutting to required size and shape.

Forming of designs on the front surface. Drilling of holes Polishing and packing of buttons

32.36%

Orthopeadically handicap, Paraplegic, Blind and Hearing handicap

2. Dry cell battery – Process Dry cell battery is used in Torches, radio, and tape-recorders. Although there are number of manufacturer of dry cell battery in organized sector, demand exists for the product of small-scale sectors. Dry cell battery is manufactured by the followed process:

Mixing of chemicals Dolly making Can making Paste making Placing of dolly in the can Sealing of dolly Sealing of paper jacket & testing

53.2%

Orthopeadically handicap and Hearing handicap

3. Fountain pen, ink and gum making - Process

Fountain pen, ink and gum is made by chemical reaction of ferric chloride, ferrous sulphate or ferrous ammonium sulphate with tannic acid and gallic acid. The through mixing of gum acacia and formalin makes gum. The demand of both these items have increased with the spread of education. Educational institutions and offices require these items in good amount.

34.7%

Orthopeadically handicap, Paraplegic, Blind, Hearing handicap and borderline Mentally retarded

4. Laundry soap – Process The use of soap is steadily increasing. It is used mainly for washing of clothes. There are a variety of washing soaps of varying quality and price in the market. It is a daily need of every household. The process is mainly mixing of all chemicals in a specific given quantity on ratio.

36%

Orthopeadically handicap, Paraplegic, Blind

5. Plastic rope making - Process Plastic role making is used in both domestic and industrial purpose. The use of plastic rope is increasing as a substitute of jute and coir rope. Plastic rope is manufac6ttured by twisting the monofilament with the aid of rope making machine.

59.3%


6. PVC file cover and album – Process To maintain files and different records PVC cover is used. As the PVC cover is transparent the object is visible from outside. The product is used in the manufacturer of photo album.

25%


No. Item details Approx. Category of PwDs


ROI suited for this job7. Ceramic novelty and art wares

Ceramic art and novelty wares are usually made using common clay and a few other raw materials as principal ingredients. By virtue of their aesthetic values. They are used as decorative showpieces. The products are much in demand both in the indigenous as well as overseas markets and may fetch fabulous retune when manufactured with the back-ground of artistry innovation, skill and technology.

36%

Orthopeadically handicap, Paraplegic and Hearing handicap

8. Ceramic and glass wares There is good demand of decorated crockery and glasswares in pous hotels and bars, in addition to household demands. The main items used for decoration of crockery and glasswares are transfer papers, ceramics and glass stains, lusters and liquid gold. In this modern era, the outlook of human is changing very fast and due to this all decorated attractive items get preference to the customer although the cost is much more. Those who are constructing houses prefer to decorate their rooms using decorated glaze tiles than ordinary glaze tiles.

54%

Orthopeadically handicap, Paraplegic and Hearing handicap

9. Assembly of ceiling fan/ table fan / exhaust fan

Assembly of ceiling fan/ table fan / exhaust fan are house hold items and a common need of a common man, now a days these stores are become essential for comfortable life in the big cities.

7.8%


10. Electronic analog clock When Electronic analog clock is compared with the ordinary clock, the accuracy of electronic analog clock is much higher and that’s why its usefulness in our country is increasing day to day. Although there are some well known companies in the market, for this item in small scale like self employment programme this product will get a good market in rural as well as urban areas of our country; due to its low project cost and hence the low selling price.

46%


11. Electronic fan regulators Electronic fan regulator is a device to control the speed of a fan motor from a minimum to full speed continuously. The major advantage of this product over the conventional resistor type stop regulation is its minimum power consumption and continuous variation of the speed. This device is used in series with a fan motor to control its speed.

37%


12. Inverters Now a days inverter is very commonly used in domestic and business establishments during load-shedding hours as an emergency power supply various models of different capacity can be manufactured as per customers need ranging from 150 V.A. to 5 K.V.A. A built in battery charging arrangement is provided inside the equipment which charges the battery when A.C.

115%


No. Item details Approx. Category of PwDs


ROI suited for this job13. Repair center of radio / T.V.

The market consumer electronics is going momentum owing to need of consumer electronics items in home entertainment/ essential items despite the fact that the production of colour T.V. / Radio has shown negative growth rate as compared to figures corresponding to the terminal year of 1992 as per DOE production data. The repair centers for doing repairing job of colour T.V. / Radio items has also grown rapidly owing to huge sale of radio/ T.V all over the country. In this scheme a low cost repair center for B/W and colour T.V/ Radio have been considered.

45%


14. Service center for domestic electrical appliance

75% Orthopeadically handicap, Paraplegic, Blind and Hearing handicap

15. Fruits and vegetable products Jam, Jelly are the fruit products beyond mainly from pulp of fruit extract and cusked with sugar, acid upto desired consistency. Tomato sauce or tomato chutney is prepared from tomato pulp with spices and cardiments.


16. Ground spices The spices and cardiments play an important role in enhancing the aroma and taste of the processed foods. There are used in preparation of vegetables, pickle, juice and other food products. Turmeric chilies and corinender and for other spices are used traditionally since ancient times by Indian housewives in preparing delicious and tasteful food items particularly vegetables, sauces and pickles. Mixed ground spices such as Garu Masala, Chhola Masala, Meat Masala etc are now orderly used in preparation of food articules for which they are meant.

39%



3.5 Assessment of Project Risks District of Kutch experienced 2 natural calamites in consecutive years.

It experienced a severe cyclone in the year 2000 which left a great

amount of economic loss of the region and comparatively lesser

amount of loss of human life. The subsequent year of 2001 witnessed

the divesting earthquake, which left enomorous human social and

economic losses. Every corner of the nation responded to the calamity

including the world community. Help and relief reached the region in

overwhelming number. All of all it was the strength of solidatory and

human emotions. Any disaster is responded through 3 major

interventions. The first being the rescue operation where the emphasis

is to save the human life as much as possible and then of the

properties. The second stage is the relief operations whereby the relief

is provided to the people to bring some amount of normalcy to the

disoriented life of the victims. The third is rehabilitation whereby the

process begins for mainstreaming and the people and bringing a total

normalcy in the habitation. In most of the cases the human emotion is

at its peak during the first stage and comparatively subsides by the

second stage. By the third stage of rehabilitation very few

organizations remain to supplement the Government effort.

Rehabilitation is comparatively a long-term intervention, which

requires planned developmental inputs. The process of relief in

particular is a prerequisite to rehabilitation. The relief work also

brings in quick mileage of publicity to many. Due to this large number

of organizations especially corporate sectors and international

organizations do take advantage of such situations and fund quick fix

projects. The emphasis is on increase number of beneficiaries who

have been provided with what quantum of relief, which is mostly in

terms of supplies. Then process demands least amount of stakeholder

participation specially the beneficiary group. The number game begins

and becomes detrimental to the development process. The major risk

of any development project then is the threatened sustainability due to

less amount of voluntary participation of stakeholders. Rehabilitation


is an effort towards sustainability, which is fruitfully, realized when all

stakeholders participate equally.

In the light of what has been said above the feasibility study need to

follow a subsequent planning of a livelihood project, which should be

integrated with the mainstream development project of the

Government and community.

The feasibility cannot be a stand-alone project, which will only raise

the expectations of the beneficiaries without further action. Careful

considerations need to be done in planning, supporting and financing

viable projects.


4. MAJOR OUTCOMES 4.1 Capacity building issues

Capacity building issues can be divided in two stages:

1. Capacity building issues of KYVM

It is envisaged that KYVM will be one of the major implementer of the

livelihood project that may be funded by CARE India. To that context

following are the capacity building requirements of KYVM:

Structural issues – Inputs related to structuring of the

organization in a formal manner is required. Appropriate

organizational procedural documentation related to both

management and finance needs to be created.

Management issues – The organization need to be supported

towards fundamental orientation of modern management

practices. The specific organizational development (OD) areas

are:

∗ Leadership development

∗ Basics in financial management

∗ Purchase and supply procedures

∗ Organizational communication & public relations

∗ Record keeping & documentation

∗ Program planning & monitoring

∗ Team building & control

Advocacy issues – Currently the advocacy is limited to taking

out rallies and sending petitions to the district authorities. An

orientation to various methods of advocacy need to be given

to the members of KYVM.

2. Capacity building issues of PwDs towards a sustainable

livelihood It is envisaged that KYVM through the support of CARE and Action

aid would be concentrating on the following 5 categories of PwDs for

livelihood support:


Orthopeadically handicapped

Visually handicapped

Speech & hearing handicapped

Mentally handicapped

Multiple handicapped (Paraplegic)

While livelihood options are being suggested, it is imperative that

each category requires specialized inputs in terms of capacity

building taking into account the residual use method. To that extent,

proper planning needs to be done towards capacity building, which

should provide step-by-step method to suit individual disability. The

training should be specifically designed to respond to:

∗ Category wise enhanced capacity of PwDs to suit the

technology required for pursuing the livelihood

∗ Proficiency training on type of livelihood chosen by individual

PwD


Sustainability issues

The concept of sustainable development is like motherhood and

apple pie - everyone finds it a good thing. This is no surprise: How

can one possibly be against economic and human development

that meets the needs of the present without compromising the

ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The fact that

it is philosophically and politically attractive it conceals the

operational difficulties resulting from diverging interpretations and

significant unresolved issues (such as the widely differing

definitions of need between rich and poor nations or - within

nations - rich or poor families). However some of the very basics of

sustainability of any development project do not differ much from

one to the other; be it a project for overall village development or

specifically targeting a vulnerable group such as the PwDs. The

basic fruit of development with reference to vulnerable groups can

structurally be realized when the process is able to mainstream

them in the overall canvas of the society. To that extent the

sustainability issues should not differ from that of the basic

understanding. Hence it is important that the livelihood plan for

PwDs must find its place in the overall Village Development Plan

(VDP).

BASIS OF SUSTAINABILITY

Self-Sustaining Institutions: The implementation of VDP is guided

by an overall strategy of creating and developing self-governing

community institutions whose development aspirations are directly

linked with their own resources in terms of the local resources

available around the settlement, or in terms of internal savings that

they have established.

Supporting the grassroots: VDP is following a people-centered

development approach targeting to improve livelihood of the people

from household perspective. The programme is even more supportive


of implementing policies at the grassroots. VDP acts as a vehicle of

establishing an explicit link between self-government and sustainable

local development.

Grassroots-level Savings: Grass root level savings play an important

role in micro crediting process. In addition to enhancement of

household income the savings also helps in enhancing the social well

being of the families in the village by way of health, education and

social functions.

An autonomous and self-sustaining body: Its extremely important

that self sustaining group is established within the village for carrying

out an augmenting development activities. In case of Self Help Group

of PwDs it is proposed that the SHGs create a revolving fund out of

which 10% be dedicated for village development work. This will

enhance the self-respect of the group and help mainstreaming the

PwDs in major village activities. Other modalities should be worked

out during the project planning phase.

Equal Participation of Women: Looking at the population structure

of Kutch, though women make a major contribution in the economic

cycle their health, education, and their participation in social and

development efforts of the region lag behind men by a large ratio.

Gender inequality across the entire social spectrum, affects a woman’s

participation in decision-making processes that affect her life. Unless

her basic needs are addressed a disabled women will always lag

behind, with no awareness about her strategic needs. In order to

make any development effort sustainable, women should be very

much involved from the conceptualization process to the

implementation and maintenance phases.

Institutional linkages: VDP should make a consistent effort towards

the optimal use of support from other agencies (government, non-

government and donors) so that these agencies can be linked

permanently with the COs at the settlement level. Similarly,

interaction among various agencies of the districts in different forums

have focused on the promotion of linkages.


5. RECOMMENDATIONS Economic feasibility

Gujarat as state is known for its entrepreneurial genius. Though

Kutch district is always short of rainfall, the farming activities have

by-n-large not taken as much root in accordance with the land

availability. In addition to the vagaries of monsoon, lack of

sufficient Government initiative in providing appropriate irrigation

measures has left the farmers no choice but to fend for alternate

activities. Thus, the villagers have primarily tried to encash in non-

farm activity such as Petty trades and bank on their cultural

genius of handicraft. However, cultivation wherever possible and

animal husbandry are some of the major farm activities in Kutch.

1. So far at PwDs are concerned, one primarily need to look into three

major areas:

∗ Farm activities related to animal husbandry, dry land farming

∗ Individual entrepreneurship development for self-employment

for which 16 different trades have been identified and given in

the preceding chapter of market assessment.

∗ The third area that needs to be looked into very seriously is

group activity with complementary disability categories to form

cooperatives. Such activity can employ more number of people

with multifarious jobs such as working in supply chain

management as well as marketing of products.

2. Capacity building of KYVM as well as PwDs in the areas mentioned

in details in the preceding chapter.

3. There is a need to establish a linkage of support organization for

KYVM who should provide appropriate input from time to time for

at least 2 years. Blind People’s Association (BPA) in Ahmedabad is

recommended as support organization. However, documentary

modalities and strategies needs to be established to fruitfully

realize the support.

4. A detailed program plan for next 4-5 years for KYVM needs to be

developed as a prerequisite to funding for livelihood.


ANNEXURE Constitution

1. Name of society : Yuva Viklang Mandal – Kutch 2. Establishment : This society is established on dt. 1/1/2000. 3. Office : Unless any changes are made presently the

office of the society shall remain as under: Govindbhai A. Kerai, At & PO: Baladiya Tal : Bhuj – Kutch Pin : 370427

4. Field : Kutch district or as per requirement 5. Formation of society: the formation of the society shall be non-political

and non-party. 6. Aims of the society : the aims of the society shall be as under- ® To carry on all activities for increasing education of handicapped

persons. ® To carry on all activities, if needed to run and open educational

institutions like Balwadis, Boarding’s, Ashram Shalas, Middle schools etc for educational spread.

® To establish technical can profession oriented institutions, run and maintain and to run libraries etc.

® To endeavor for handicapped to maintain national integrity. ® To carry on public awareness activities through programmes like

social justice, debates, padayatras, conferences. ® To organize seminars and other programmes relating to eliminate

untouchability, education, ill-customs etc. ® To make handicapped about relief granted by Government. ® To do and caused to be done all activities for elimination of women

humiliation and terror and to make them equal to men and developmental activities for common workers in all respect.

® To run primary health centers, dispensaries etc and to help handicapped ones for medicines and other activities of health and to carry on all such related activities.

1. Regarding membership: Life-time membership any handicapped

persons of 18 to 30 years believing aims and objectives of Mandal recognized by working committee. Paying Rs. 101/- or more. Can become member. But any member happens to be hindering activities of the society is declared bankrupt or is found involved in any offences; such person shall remain illegal. Then shall not be entitled for claiming amount paid.

2. Worker and general members: For the cause of carrying on activities of the society, shall be appointed as per rules framed by the Mandali from time to time and shall act accordingly.

3. General member: For general member only handicapped person can be member by paying Rs. 21/- as per rules. But the final power shall remain with working committee. Also any member desiring to became


member at any time during the year, shall have to pay full fee. And at the time of leaving can exercise his right to vote by remaining present annual membership fee shall be Rs. 21/.

4. Regarding cancellation of membership: Any member as stated above give resignation, is declared bankrupt is involved in any offensive activities, dies, acts against the interest of the association, without giving reasonable cause for remaining absent for three consecutive meetings, under all such circumstances if decided by the working committee. Such member shall automatically cease to be member and will loss membership.

5. Accounting year of this association/ Mandali shall remain from 1st April to 31st March.

6. Sources of income: can raise incomes through donation, Bheg contributions, subscriptions, membership fee, charity shows, assistance / aid/ grant from the Governemnt activities, income. Loans and by conducting creative activities by accepting gifts income interest etc.

7. Rights and duties of general body meeting: The meeting comprised of all members narrated in above page shall be known as general body meeting. The general body meeting shall be convened every year latest by 3 months after completion of term shall elect/ appoint working committee. To confirm accounts to approve annual budget presented by working committee members to dispose of matters presented by working committee meeting if needed extra-ordinary meeting by convened for convening meeting minimum 15 days time notice be issued in advance presence of 1/3 shall form the quorum in absence of quorum, after one hour the meeting can be convened on the same day at scheduled place where insufficient quorum shall not be the hindrance.

8. Procedure to appoint working committees: ® The tenure of working committee shall remain of five years. The

working committee shall be comprised of minimum 5 and maximum 11 members. General members shall elect working committee. Working committee shall appoint office bearers from amongst ownselves wherein president, Vice-president, secretary, Joint Secretary and Treasurer shall be appointed. Any vacancy arising during the term shall be filled in by working committee by electing any member from amongst themselves through majority.

® Working committee meetings shall be convened during the year as per requirement. Any member remaining absent in three consecutive meetings can be removed from membership by the working committee by majority, after passing resolution.

® All properties of the Manual shall remain in the name of office bearers or working committee. The responsibility of transferring the properties on incoming member/ office bearer in case his retirement. Properties of association and its sub committees shall be treated as properties of the association.

® Meeting of the working committee can be convened by notice of twenty four hours.

® Shall prepare budget for next year and shall present in general body meeting for approval.


® Quorum shall remain 2/3 percent presence of total members of working committee. In absence of quorum, the meeting adjourned can be convened at the same place on same day after half an hour. Only the matters for which the meeting is convened can be taken on hand.

® If be needed working committee can appoint committees, sub-committees, its chairman and fix their jurisdiction and rights.

® Can make changes of duties of its office bearers can entrust new jobs through resolution.

® To write day-to-days accounts and obtain signatures on them of authorized person.

® Shall appoint chartered accountant for auditing accounts of the association.

® Shall remain responsible for income and expense of the concerned year of working committee. Accounts of mandal and organized institutions shall gave to be presented in concerned offices in time limit after auditing.

® Shall inform concerned offices of changes in designations of working committee members, moveable, immoveable properties and other changes.

® Members of old working committee can remain continued till new election and can carry on all activities of committee

® Shall have to maintain complete list of moveable and immovable properties of the Mandal, wherein the list shall have to be signed after physical verification.

® Can appoint, suspend, discharge any employee required for administration of the society at suitable salaries, remunerations, dearness allowances etc.

® The properties required and necessary for the Mandal can be purchased or sold. Can take loans by mortgage/ hypothecation, gift and transfer subject to the provision of laws prevailing at the time concerned and can take properties on rent for use of the association.

® He working committee shall detertain minimum cash to be kept on hand from time to time by resolution. Excess balance shall have to be deposited in bank.

® To accept trust funds and to determine its conditions. ® Entire mandal shall have absolute right on the properties of the

association, but no individual can claim personal right over it.

9. Duties of office bearers: I. President

® To monitor and preside over general body meeting and working committee meetings of the association and keep watch for smooth and regular functioning, can exercise his casting vote in case of tie.

® To convene trust meetings during the year, to monitor all activities being carried out during the year and give guidance, advices and directions from time to time.

® To interpret sections of the constitution. ® To approve minutes of the meetings.


® To make programmes and to arrange administration for that.

® To maintain register of each member with his name and address to make changes therein in case of need such changes be initialed by short signature with resolution number.

® To inform about activities of the association to concerned offices as and when needed.

® To convene repetition or special meetings. ® To correspond. ® To sanction bills of any kind of expenses. ® To distribute jobs amongst office bearers. ® Shall decide whether to give or not any extracts of records

and if be needed shall decide the matter by putting before meeting and shall sign such extracts in token of their correctness.

II. Vice president

® Shall carry on all matters and duties and exercise all powers and jobs entrusted by the president in his absence.

III. Secretary

® On consent of the president shall convene general, extraordinary, general body, requisition meetings and meeting of working committee and other committees.

® To maintain minute of each and every meeting and to enter in resolution book to bring into effects suggestions and resolutions of meetings.

® To prepare and get approved annual reports and budgets through working committee.

® To check, sanction and send bills approved in budget as per expenditure.

® To organize programmes and implement them and to raise sources of income.

® To carry on activities suggested by the president. ® To take work from employees.

IV. Joint secretary ® To carry on duties and responsibilities of the secretary in

his absence and to do works entrusted by the president.

V. Treasure ® To issue receipts for all incomes to prepare accounts of

expenditures to maintain or caused to be maintained accounts regularly, to maintain account books, registers and sign accounts.

® Not to be held cash on hand exceeding necessity. ® To prepare budget-balance sheets and get accounts audited. ® To maintain or cause to be maintained registers of

immovable and moveable properties. ® To follow up works entrusted by the president.


10. Requisition meeting: For convening general meetings, written

application duly signed by seven members of association shall be given stating reason or reasons addressed to the president. On receipt of such demand, within 10 days of receipt of such demand f president do not convene such meeting within 15 days, then requisition members themselves can convene such meeting at the office of the association/ Mandali in the same town, place.

11. Monitory transactions: All accounts of the Mandal /association shall be maintained in nationalized bank of post office. Which can be transacted by the signature of president or secretary or treasurer by joint signature of any of them.

12. Regarding dissolution of association: If the circumstances arises to dissolve the association/ institution, the balance of kind and coins remaining after clearing all debts, liabilities, expenses, the same shall be entrusted to other institution being run with the same objects under the provisions of public trust act 1950. presence of 2/3 registered members is necessary.

Certified that this is true Certified Xerox copy

Sd/-

Supdt Office of registrar of public trusts

Kutch region Bhuj

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FEASABILITY STUDY Livelihood Options For People … Options for PwDs -Bhuj... · Acknowledgement 3 Executive summary 4 Preamble 6 1. Introduction ... Feasibility study can also provide