FAZ Technology Fibre Optic Sensing Technology · 2 / Fugro & FAZ Technology Fugro is the world’s leading, independent provider of geo-intelligence and asset integrity solutions

FAZ Technology Fibre Optic Sensing TechnologyGeo-intelligence & asset integrity solutions

www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com2 www.fugro.com2

Fugro & FAZ Technology

Fugro is the world’s leading, independent provider of geo-intelligence and asset integrity solutions for large constructions, infrastructure and natural resources.

Since 2005 Fugro Technology has built extensive fiber optic sensing expertise supporting both internal and external customer needs with cutting edge measurement technologies

– Based in Leidschendam, Netherlands

FAZ Technology (subsidiary of Fugro) is a fiber optic interrogation system provider– Spinout of Intune Technology and over many years has developed cutting-edge high speed

high precision recording systems for fiber optic sensors

– Based in Dublin, Ireland


Light of many “colors” are

sent along fiber

Sensors placed along the fiber optic cable intensely

reflect specific “colors” with “sensed” information

encoded in the reflection (like strain, vibrations,

pressures, temperatures)

Sensing with Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG)

FBGs change their “light reflection color”

based on temperature and strain

The reflection can be monitored very

precisely and rapidly to extract physical

information

Many sensors can be monitored in a single

line each

Each can be measuring a different physical

effect/event


FAZT I4 – Robust & Cost Effective

Technology Details

Wavelength range: 1528 - 1568 nm

Sweep rate: 1000Hz over 40nm

Simultaneous interrogated ports: 4

Number of FBG’s per Channel: up to 30 (120 total)

Absolute wavelength Accuracy (p-p): <± 1pm

Precision (long term): <0.1pm

Wavelength repeatability: <0.050pm @ 1KHzLine width: <20 MHz

Requirements / Markets

Markets

Oil and gas down hole pressure &temperature monitoring

Seismic applications / Micro Seismic

Reservoir Monitoring, pipeline monitoring

Marine tanker health monitoring

Structure heal monitoring

Product Description

Compact & robust single boards Interrogator

1U enclosure

Field deployable

Scalable & Cost effective solution

Fully integrated system

Capability to interconnect/multiplex a large number ofinterrogators for very high sensor counts

Fine time synchronization, to external (network) time andamong units

Low Power Consumption

Linux COB module (low processing power)

18 W (typical), 25 Watts (max)


Robust & Reliable (MFBF 7yrs), 200 automated tests per unit

High level of accuracy ±0.2pm

High resolution ±0.05pm

Network Interface100Mbps

IoT Restful interface

External/Synchronization fine time Input/Output

1Khz, 2Khz, 4Khz, 8Khz operation modes

Dynamic Regions with gain, distance, ‘smart’ selection of FBG peaks

10km range from Sensor to Interrogator

30 sensors per channel

Timestamps to 100uS

Multiple channels with High Sensor Count

Provides Precise and Repeatable Measurements

Semiconductor Tunable Laser

Rack mountable, ideally suited for field deployment

Multiple Sensor Types; FBG, FS-FBG, Bi-FBG, Fabry-Perot and Multimode

Low power Consumption (>20 Watts)

-20°C to +60°C operating temperature range.

40nm C band operation range

FAZT I4 Interrogator


Fugro Fiber Optic Sensor Portfolio

Inclinometers

<0.1o resolution &

combined unit for

vibration sensing

Geotechnical

Marine vessel and

structure monitoring

Seismic detection cables

Reaching sub-µg resolution and >120 dB

dynamic range

Subsea or onshore geoscientific surveys

Pressure sensing

High sensitivity, robust

sensors

Industrial monitoring

Marine

Acoustics

Pa-level resolution, large

frequency & dynamic range

hydro/microphones

Industrial monitoring

Marine/subsea detection

High Frequency Accelerometers

Up to 3 kHz operation

Structure monitoring

Machine health monitoring

Depth compensated hydrophones

Up to >120 dB dynamic range in water

depths reaching 1000 m

Subsea acoustics

Marine security and environment

monitoring

3rd party sensors

Temperature, Strain

Compatible with I4 interrogator

Fugro has a wide range of sensors available for the same platform

Potential applications include Marine vessel monitoring

Industrial machine & process

Geoscientific/geotechnical measurements

www.faztechnology.com / www.fugro.com7

Interrogator Performance


Sensitivity, Resolution & Accuracy

Resolution vs Accuracy Sensor/transducer defines the sensitivity

The system (sensor + read-out) defines the accuracy & resolution


Performance Overview – Definitions

Precision: the minimum resolvable change in wavelength

Characterized by deviation of measurements over a timeframe

Reported as peak-to-peak or 1σ standard deviation.

Accuracy/Trueness/Systematic Bias: The offset from of the mean of measurements from

the standard (NIST HCN gas cell)

Once characterized, can be offset / corrected from the measurements, if sufficiently stable over

time

Re

fle

cti

vit

y

Wavelengthλ peak

λ peak = fn (Strain, Temp)

Peak

detection

Abs. Accuracy =

fn (True λ location)

Time

Short term Repeatability/Sensitivity = fn (Noise)

Long term Precision = fn (Drift)

λ peak

Temperature sensitivity (~10pm/°C)

Strain sensitivity (~1.2 pm/με)


FAZ V4 Precision and Accuracy Comparison

Histogram of ~61 hours measurements for the

P10 gas line (10 Torr) for

FAZ V4 (down sampled to 2Hz)

Competitor data (2 Hz)

Precision <30fm (long term)

10 torr HCN gas cell

>1.2pm (offset)

<0.5pm (offset)

FAZ V4

Competitor

<0.035pm(precision)

*Presented at SPIE Photonics Europe 2016 invited paper 98990Z-3 “Enabling Technologies for Fiber Optic Sensing”


FAZ I4 Precision and Accuracy Comparison

Histogram of 10 hour measurement for the P10 gas line for

FAZ I4 (down sampled to 2Hz)

Competitor Product (2 Hz)

Precision <100fm (long term)

Offset from NIST standard datasheet P10 (pm)

>1.2pm

offset<0.3pm offset

FAZ I4

Competitor

*Presented at SPIE Photonics Europe 2016 invited paper 98990Z-3 “Enabling Technologies for Fiber Optic Sensing”


Recent Marine Applications


Offshore Vessel Monitoring

Fiber optic monitoring system for predictive & preventive maintenance

>25 sensors of diverse types, single centralized data acquisition

High frequency (4 kHz) recording

Why Fiber Optic?

Easy cabling Lower installation cost

Central recorder Lower system cost

Passive

Intrinsically safe


Marine Sensors

Cooling water pressure

gauge

Crankcase

pressure gauge

Single axis high frequency

accelerometers

Hull strain gauge

3-axis vibration recorder

Remotely located single

recorder system for measuring

25+ sensing points


Remote Monitoring from Shore

https://www.fugroweather.com/WeatherMonitor.Net/Displays/FAZ/150181/Faz2.aspx

https://www.fugroweather.com/WeatherMonitor.Net/Displays/FAZ/150181/Faz2.aspx


Objectives

• PV Pressure Valves Monitoring on-board an oil transport vessel

• TRL level 8-9 system level with Lloyds approval• PV pressure sensors, Software, Optical Interrogators

Implementation

• 14 high accuracy pressure sensors 0 >> 400mbar with high Accuracy requirement of ±2% FS

• 4 month soak test to prove sensors are repeatable and meet the ±2% FS requirements

• Lloyds Approval achieved for the installation

• Marine Standards EN60945 and IACS E10 achieved.

Collaboration with Tier 1 Oil transport company

• Technical guidance on applications requirements

• Extensive support to prove optical technology in an operational marine environment.

Pressure monitoring safety system

16


Soak Test Configuration

14 pressure sensors cycled repeatedly between -100 to +300mbar (gauge), in 50mbar steps

for four months with 6 min dwell time at each pressure.

Periodically, the shaker was turned on (typically over a weekend) to induce vibration on the

sensors.

Sensors at room temperature (sensors were pre tested over temperature during calibration)


Four Month Soak Test Results

The error in pressure reading was calculated at each pressure.

The plots below show error distribution in pressure reading across the operating

range. The x axis spans +/-3 mbar, which is equivalent to +/-1% error FS.


Recent Infrastructure monitoring Applications


Weigh in Motion (WIM) Field Test setup

Truck

Lane

Car

Lane

Traffic Direction

Groove “A”

@18cm

depth

Groove “B”

@13cm

depth

Car only

Lane

Truck Lane

100mElectrical WIM LocationData received for truck lane only, for

now

2.5m


Weigh in Motion (WIM) Field Test setup

Truck

Lane

Car

Lane

Traffic Direction

Groove “A”

@18cm

depth

Groove “B”

@13cm

depth

Car only

Lane

Truck Lane

100mElectrical WIM LocationData received for truck lane only, for

now

2.5m

time

Car only

Lane

Truck Lane

Car only Lane

Truck Lane

Po

sit

ion

in

Ro

ad

Po

sit

ion

in

Ro

ad

Colour map:

strain in

asphalt

recorded


Initial validation test results

FAZ interrogator high resolution at high

speeds proven to be the key differentiator

The achieved resolution allows us to get away from the I-beam construction

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

-0.5

0

0.5

shallow Pro

(p

m)

4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5

-4

-2

0

shallow NFI

(p

m)

Time (s)Events clearly detected with the FAZ I4 not

detectable in alternative state-of-art systems

>x10 lower noise & higher precision with FAZ I4

The FAZ system was shown to

have the time and space

resolution to identify vehicle

signatures down to individual

tires

Time (ms)

Ac

ros

s L

an

e (

dm

, 1

st F

BG

@N

FI-

sid

e)

Deformation Deep measurement line, colormap in pm

1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9

x 104

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Signature of a 5-axel truck


Vehicle Identification Results

Excellent agreement with electrical system

5 Axel Truck

Cumulative length (12.3m)

Speed (86Km/h)

Axel Load Calculations

Mean Speed 84.9 (km/hr)

Cumulative

Length (m)

Axle

Spacing (m)

Speed

(km/hr) Date Time

Axle1 83.3 21/07/2016 05:25:12.571

Axle2 4.2 4.2 84.9 21/07/2016 05:25:12.749

Axle3 9.6 5.4 84.9 21/07/2016 05:25:12.980

Axle4 11.0 1.4 85.7 21/07/2016 05:25:13.036

Axle5 12.3 1.3 85.7 21/07/2016 05:25:13.092


Condition Monitoring System

Monitoring of strain and temperature

Pilot installation to compare electrical and optical

sensors


Condition Monitoring System

Status

Installation of sensors: Aug

Monopile hammering offshore: Mar ‘17

Installation of data acquisition : May ‘17


Seismic Applications


Accelerometers

Combination of high-frequency and high-sensitivity

Unique patent pending technology

Very low cross-talk (<-30 dB)

Flat phase response (<5o)

Readiness: TRL 4, ready for application

Specific adaptation & certification

Very High Resolution

(Transverse) High Sensitivity General Purpose Broad Frequency Range

Sensitivity Axis Single Single Single Single

Sensitivity pm/g >1000 >100 >25 >5

Cross-axis Sensitivity <-35 dB <-30 dB <-30 dB <-30 dB

Frequency Range Hz 0 – 150 0 – 500 0 – 1000 0 – 2500

Resolution (1-500 Hz) µg 0.4 < 4 < 16 < 80

Accuracy g 0.001 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.04 +/- 0.2

Dynamic Range g -2.5 – +2.5 -25 – +25 -50 – +50 -100 – +100

Overall dimensions mm / ”Ø44 x 190 mm

Ø1.73 x 7.48” 115x40x36mm 4.5x1.6x1.4” 75x44x15mm

Patent pending

technology


Field test Electronic & Optical Seismic Sensors

bandpass filter was applied (passband 2Hz to 100Hz). Lennartz


Field Testing Seismic Sensors

Seismometer, Geophone, Optical Accelerometers

3Hz to 100Hz


Space Applications


ESA Supported Projects

High precision interrogator for birefringent FBG sensors, for ground testing of satellites

Acquisition of Polarisation Maintaining (PM) FBG’s and/ or Photonic Crystal Fibre (PCF) FBG’s

High speed acquisition >1,000hz over 4 Channels

High speed polarisation scrambler

Reduction in AIT (Assembly, Integration and Test)

Simultaneously measuring both strain and temperature

Temperature accuracy <1ºC, Strain resolution <0.1µɛ

Hybrid Sensor Bus (HSB) optical sensing for geostationary satellitesHeinrich Hertz Satellite

Sampling speeds 1Hz over 16 sensor array

Rad Hard components

15 year lifetime

Optical components passed Gamma Radiation testing to 100,000 rad

Low Power Consumption ~ 5Watts

In-situ recalibration

Documents

FAZ Technology Fibre Optic Sensing Technology · 2 / Fugro & FAZ Technology Fugro is the world’s leading, independent provider of geo-intelligence and asset integrity solutions