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Fat Finger Worries: How Older and Younger Users Physically Interact with PDAs. Katie A. Siek, Yvonne Rogers, & Kay Connelly Indiana University. The population of elderly people is steadily growing. Population Ages 15-64 Compared to Global Population. Motivation. Related Work. Experiment. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Fat Finger Worries: How Older and Younger Users Physically Interact with PDAs
Katie A. Siek, Yvonne Rogers, & Kay Connelly
Indiana University
The population of elderly people is steadily growing
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy
Population Ages 15-64 Compared to Global Population
Researchers are creating technology for older people to live independently
Cognitive aid to help the elderly (S. Carmien, MAPS)
Elderly care-giving assistant(Girlado, et al., mPCA)
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy
A majority of the related work deals with PCs and mobile phones
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture. Elderly & PCs
• Font size (Bernard et al., 2001)
• Input Devices (Smith, et al. 1999; Chaparro, et al. 1999; Charness, et al. 1995; Laursen, et al. 2001)
• Input Device performance (Jacko, et al. 2003; Smith, et al. 1999; Laursen, et al. 2001)
Elderly & Mobile Phones
• Needs assessment(Maguire & Osman, 2003)
• Pros and Cons (Abascal & Civit 2001)
• Input recommendations (Smith, et al., 1999; Maguire, et al., 2003)
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Just to review
Do vision, dexterity, and coordination effects transfer to PDAs?
More specific goals:
1. Compare performance between older and younger participants completing traditional and non-traditional tasks
2. Study how older and younger participants physically interact with PDAs
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy
Some of the tasks
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy
Some of the tasks
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy
Dexterity Vision
Dexterity & Coordination
Dexterity & Coordination
We created two applications
Icon Size Task
Recorded preferred icon size, smallest viewable icon, and image preference
Button Press Task
Recorded errors
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy
We used three applications that came with the PDA or scanners
Voice Diary Task
Voice Diary lengths: 1 sec., 5 sec., 10-15 sec.
Recorded how many times it took to successfully voice record message
Scanner Tasks
Scanned three items: book, can, bag
Recorded how many times it took to successfully scan each item
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy
Based on the literature, we predicted…
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy
1. Participants of all ages can press PDA buttons
2. Participants of all ages prefer medium size (10mm or 15mm) icons
3. Participants can record voice messages of various lengths
4. Participants can scan bar codes with some practice
Twenty participants volunteered for the study
Younger
(25-30 years old)
• 2 women, 8 men
• 9 use computers often
• 3 had played with a PDA
• 6 wore glasses
Older
(75-85 years old)
• 5 women, 5 men
• 7 use computers often
• No PDA usage
• All wore glasses
Similar computer experience measured by the amount of applications used
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy
Most participants did not make any mistakes for the button press task
5-Way Navigator
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy
• 16 out of 20 participants made no mistakes
• All participants were confused by the 5-way navigator
• Older male participants worried about “fat fingers”
• PDA held in non-dominant hand
• No significant performance differences (T18=0.787; p=0.442)
There were significant differences in icon preference size
Small PDA Icon (5.29mm)
Young Can See (5.5mm)
Large PDA Icon (7.76mm)
Young Preferred Older Can See (10mm)
Older Preferred (20mm) • Significant differences between
preferred (T18=3.37, p=0.002) and icon size they could actually see (T18=3.25, p=0.004)
• Younger interested in how many icons can fit on a screen
• Older interested in details of image
• Older prefer photographs because more realistic
• Older had glare problems
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy
The voice recording task was an easy task for most participants
• All participants recorded short message in two tries
• All of the younger participants recorded the long message on the first time
• Younger and older participants held the PDA differently
• No performance differences (T18< 0.5, p> 0.3)
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy
Socket SDIO Scanner Baracoda Pen Scanner
Quick review of the scanners
• Press PDA button
• Hold light steady across barcode
• Press scanner button
• Run pen across barcode
The socket SDIO scanning task was slightly frustrating for participants
Older more successful at scanning during first try
Younger more successful at scanning during first try
4 younger and 2 older were able to scan within 3 tries
• Younger participants who practiced scanning book more, scanned bag quicker
• All participants operated PDA with one hand; used thumb to press button
• All participants were confused about what part of barcode to scan
• No performance differences
(T18< 0.9, p> 0.8)
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy
The impossible task - Baracoda Pencil scanning
2 younger and 1 older scanned on first try
Only 3 participants were able to scan chips
No one successfully scanned the soda
• Women had difficulty using the pencil because of their nails
• Participants wanted to see a scanning light
• Participants rested the PDA on the table and used two hands for the pencil and object being scanned
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy
Similar to our predictions, the key findings were…
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy
• No performance difference in button press and voice recording task
• Small differences in preferred icon size - Younger (5mm or 10mm); Older (20mm)
• Older participants scanned items more, but had the same success rate
Future Work
• Increase sample size
• Investigate cognitive oriented tasks
• Test people with varying educational backgrounds
•Test younger people outside of academia and older people in public assisted living facilities
• Have participants stand or walk
Implications for developing applications on PDAs
• PDA applications can use current PDA buttons
• Icons will have to be larger
• Voice recording can be used for input
• Scanners can be used given enough practice time
Questions?
What do we mean by fat finger problem?
People have perceptions of what they can and can’t do
They prove themselves wrong
We did have problems with the Baracoda (more of a nail issue)
Motivation Related Work Experiment FindingsStudy