PRESENTED BY

ALEX V JOSEPH

PRATHEESH P.R

RONY THOMAS

SUDHISH P.S

VYSHAK R KUZHIVELIL

FAST RESCUE SYSTEM FOR CAR

ACCIDENTS

“ This is our humble suggestion

to reduce death rate due to car accidents ”

INTRODUCTION

TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS ARE ONE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF FATALITIES IN INDIA

ACCIDENTS IN INDIA IS THREE TIMES HIGHER THAN THAT OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

THE NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS FOR 1000 VEHICLES IN INDIA IS AS HIGH AS 35

80% OF ROAD ACCIDENTS ARE CAUSED HUMAN ERROR

WHAT WE THOUGHT

TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS CAN BE REDUCED BYSTRICT RULES

SCIENTIFIC DESIGN OF ROADS

ALONG WITH THEM WE HAVE TO REDUCE THE DEATH RATE

IN OUR PROJECT WE ARE CONCENTRATING TO REDUCE THE DEATH RATE

DEATH RATE IS MORE. WHY?

DEPTH OF ACCIDENT

RESPONSE TIME

LACK OF ADVANCED LIFE SAVING MEASURES

IMPROPER FIRST AID

RESPONSE TIME

AN IMPORTANT INDICATOR OF SURVIVAL RATES AFTER AN ACCIDENT IS THE TIME BETWEEN THE ACCIDENT AND WHEN EMERGENCY MEDICAL PERSONNEL ARE DISPATCHED TO THE SCENE.

EACH MINUTE THAT AN INJURED CRASH VICTIM DOES NOT RECEIVE EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE CAN MAKE A LARGE DIFFERENCE IN THEIR SURVIVAL RATE

REDUCE THE TIME BETWEEN WHEN AN ACCIDENT OCCURS AND WHEN FIRST RESPONDERS, SUCH AS MEDICAL PERSONNEL, ARE DISPATCHED TO THE SCENE OF THE ACCIDENT.

OUR OBJECTIVES

REDUCE THE RESPONSE TIME BY

IMMEDIATE LOCATIONING OF ACCIDENTS

INFORMING NEARBY MEDICAL PERSONALS

MAKE THE SYSTEM COST EFFECTIVE

MAKE A CENTRALIZED SYSTEM

PERFORM SMART CAR FEATURESATVT

DRUNKEN DRIVE INDICATOR

FIRE ACCIDENT PREVENTION

SYSTEM OVERVIEW

FOR EFFECTIVE ACCIDENT LOCATIONING WE USE GPS.

FOR SECURE COMMUNICATION WE PREFER GSM

MEMS CAN BE USED TO DETECT CRASH

ATVT SYSTEM IS OUR SUGGESTION AND WE ARE IMPLEMENTING A PROTOTYPE

FOR OTHER OBJECTIVES WE PREFER CORRESPONDING SENSOR MODULES

SYSTEM DESIGNPROPOSED SYSTEM

BLOCK DIAGRAM&

DISCRIPTION

ARM

ALCOHOL SENSOR

ACCELEROMETER

LIGHT INTENSITY SENSOR

SENSING UNIT

ATVT SWITCH

DCU

GPS MODULE

GSM MODEMTEMPERATURE

SENSOR

LCD

NEXT

ACCELEROMETER(ADXL335)

GENERAL VIEW

IT’S AN ANOLOG DEVICES PRODUCT

3 AXIS SENSING

SMALL,LOW POWER

MOTION,TILT SENSING FEATURES

WHY WE CHOSE IT?ANALOG

CHEAPER COMPARED TO DIGITAL (MMA 7660)

SINGLE POWER SUPPLY

EXCELLENT TEMPERATURE STABILITY

FIXE

D B

EA

MLO

WER

FIXE

D B

EA

MU

PPER

MO

VA

BLE

BEA

M

WORKING

X

X/2

X/2-∆X

ACCELERATION

X/2

X/2+∆X

C2 C1

C = ε A dC1=C2= C0= ε A X/2C1 = ε A = C0- ∆C X/2+ ∆XC2 = ε A = C0+∆C X/2- ∆X

C1-C2=-+ ∆CC1+C2= 2C0

AT ZERO ACCELERATION C1=C2

(Vx + V0)C1 + (Vx-V0)C2 = 0

Vx= ∆X/ C0

IF ACCELERATION INCREASED C2 INCREASES

HOW IT IS USED?

TWO TYPES OF ACCELERATION

STATIC ACCLERATION

DYNAMIC ACCELERATION

STATIC ACCELERATION-MEASURE OF TILT

THE TILT OF MEMS IS THE TILT OF VEHICLE

TECHNICAL DETAILS

ADXL 335 WITH

BREAKOUT BOARD

SINGLE SUPPLY

3 ANALOGUE OUTPUT

3.2 V OPERATION

SELF TEST

BACK

ALCOHOL SENSOR( MQ-303A )

GENERAL VIEW

A HANWEI ELECTRONICS PRODUCT

MQ 303A IS A GAS SENSOR

CAN BE USED FOR ALCOHOL DETECTION

TIN DIOXIDE BASED SEMICONDUCTOR

WHY WE CHOSE IT ?

HIGH SENSITIVITY

COMPACTABLE SIZE

LOW POWER CONSUMPTION

AFFORDABLE PRICE

WORKING

SENSING MATERIAL IS AN OXIDE OF TRANSITION METALS

A HEATING ELEMENT IS USED TO REGULATE THE SENSOR TEMPERATURE

GAS SIMPLY “ADSORBS” ONTO THE SENSOR SURFACE

A PAIR OF BIASED ELECTRODES ARE IMBEDDED

HOW IT IS USED?

IT GIVES A FULL O/P AT 200ppm OF ETHANOL

THE O/P VOLTAGE EQUAL TO THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE

AT THIS STAGE

SENSITIVITY 25mV / 1ppm

GENERAL EQN FOR CONCENTRATION

CONCENTRATION( ppm )= (O/P VOLT)/25mV

TECHNICHAL DETAILS

TIN DIOXIDE SENSOR

BEAD TYPE SENSOR

CONSISTS OF A HEATER

NON EXPLOSIVE STEEL MESH

3 ELECTRODES

BACK

TEMPERATURE SENSOR(LM35)

GENERAL VIEW

NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCT

3 PIN ANALOGUE IC

HIGH PRECISION

WHY WE CHOSE IT ?

ACCURATE

LONG LIFE.

HIGHER O/P

WORKING

IT WORKS UNDER THE PRINCIPLE OF BAND GAP REFERANCE

WHEN TWO TRANSISTERS OFCONSTANT COLLECTOR CURRENT

DIFFERENT EMITTER AREA

ARE CONSIDERED,THE DIFFRENCE IN THEIR BASE EMITTER VOLTAGE

IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE TEMPERATURE

THE DIFFRENCE IS LINEAR

HOW IT IS USED?

THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE IS CONVERTED TO TEMPERATURE BY A SIMPLE CONVERSION FACTOR.

THE SENSOR HAS A SENSITIVITY OF 10MV / OC.

USE A CONVERSION FACTOR THAT IS THE RECIPROCAL, THAT IS 100 OC/V.

THE GENERAL EQUATION USED TO CONVERT OUTPUT VOLTAGE TO TEMPERATURE IS:

TEMPERATURE ( OC) = VOUT * (100 OC/V)

TECHNICAL DETAILS

PIN DISCRIPTION1.VCC

2.OUTPUT

3.GND

OPERATING VOLTAGE4-30V

SENSITIVITY10mV/10C

BACK

ATVT SYSTEM

WHAT WE THOUGHT?

IN CASE OF A THEFT ,THERE ARE NO WAY TO KNOW WHERE THE CAR IS *(ORDINARY CARS)

ORDINARY CARS POSSESS ONLY AN ALARM WHICH CAN BE EASILY DEACTIVATE

SO SECURITY OF A CAR IS MOST IMPORTANT

WE PROPOSE A PROTOTYPE TO IMPLEMENT AN ANTI THEFT VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM

WHAT WE HAVE DONE ?

FOR THIS PROTOTYPE WE CHECK A SWITCH WHICH HAS TO BE PRESSED BEFORE IGNITION

ACTUALLY A SWITCH POSESS OUTPUTS HIGH OR LOW

THE SWITCH- IT CANBE A FINGER PRINT MODULE OR FACE RECOGNIZING SYSTEM WHICH POSSESS A HIGH FOR MATCH & A LOW FOR UNMATCH

TO MAKE OUR PROJECT COST EFFECTIVE WE DONE IT WITH A SWITCH

WORKING

WHEN THE KEY IS NOT PRESSED AND THE ENGINE STARTED THE ROUTE THROUGH WHICH THE CAR TRAVELS IS MESSAGED TO STORED NUMBER

SO TRACKING OF VEHICLE IS EASY

WE CAN FIND THE PATH WITH A MAPPING SOFTWARE

IF THE KEY IS PRESSED NORMAL OPERATION TAKES PLACE

BACK

LCD(016M002B)

GENERAL VIEW

CRISTALONICS PRODUCT

16*2, 5*7 DISPLAY

ALPHANUMERIC LCD

WHY WE CHOSE IT

FAST,1/16 DUTY CYCLE

COST EFFECTIVE

INTERFACING IS SIMPLE

PIN DIAGRAM

GSM

GENERAL VIEW

IT IS A CELLULAR NETWORK

DEVOLOPED BY EUROPEAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ETSI)

DIGITAL, CIRCUIT SWITCHED NETWORK OPTIMIZED FOR FULL DUPLEX VOICE TELEPHONY

WHY WE CHOSE ITGLOBALY USED

TEXTUAL PROTOCOL

IMPROVES SYSTEM RELIABILITY

DETAILED VIEW

IT IS A DIGITAL MOBILE TELEPHONY SYSTEM

GSM USES A VARIATION OF TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (TDMA)

MAIN PROCESS ARE

DIGITALIZATION

COMPRESSION

TRANSMISSION

FREQUENCY BAND- 900-1800MHZ

HOW TO USE IT?

COMMUNICATION IS DONE BY OBEYING ITS PROTOCOL

ALL GSM MODEM OBEY A TEXTUAL PROTOCAL – THE

AT-COMMANDS

EVERY COMMAND STARTS WITH AT

THERE ARE SOME EXTENDED COMMANDS FOR GSM

BASIC COMMANDS ARE THOSE WITHOUT ‘+’ ,WHERE EXTENDED COMMANDS WILL HAVE A ‘+’

AT COMMANDS

THERE WILL BE AN AT COMMAND CORRESPONDS TO EVERY OPERATION.

IF WE SEND THE COMMAND ‘AT’ THE MODEM SENDS BACK ‘OK’ OR ‘ERROR’ ACCORDING TO IT’S STATUS.

“AT+CGMI” GIVES THE MANUFACTURES NAME OF THE MODEM

“AT+CGSN” GIVES THE IMEI NUMBER OF HANDSET

HOW TO CONFIGURE THE MODEM?

HOW TO SEND AN SMS ?

AT+CMGS=“917403953396"<CR> ACCIDENT

DETECTED. <CTRL+Z>

OR

AT+CMGW=“917403953396"<CR> ACCIDENT

DETECTED. <CTRL+Z>

TECHNICHAL DETAILS

GSM/GPRS MODEM

SIM 900/1800 COMPATABLE

RS 232 OUTPUT

PUSH IN SIM SLOT

EXTERNAL ANTENA

RATING 12V/1A

BACK

G P S

GPS - Global Positioning System

What Is GPS & how it works?

The GPS (Global Positioning System) is a "constellation" of 24 well-spaced satellites that orbit the Earth and make it possible for people with ground receivers to pinpoint their geographic location.

21 GPS satellites are in orbit at 11000 miles above the Earth. The satellites are spaced so that from any point on Earth, four or more satellites will be above the horizon.

The monitor stations track the navigation signals and send their data back to the master control station.

The master control station determine any adjustments or updates to the navigation signals needed to maintain precise navigation

How GPS Works*All satellites have atomic clocks set to exactly the

same time.

*All satellites know their exact position in space from data sent to them from the systems controllers.

*Each satellite transmits its position and a time signal into earth periodically.

*The signals travel to the receiver delayed only by distance traveled.

*The receiver calculates the distance to each satellite and trilaterates its own position.

Satellite Orientation

Segments of GPS

How GPS find location*“By knowing your distance from at least 3 points of

known-position, you can determine your own position.”

*The GPS receiver compares the time a signal was transmitted by a satellite with the time it was received. The time difference tells the GPS receiver how far away the satellite is.

*Velocity x Time = Distance

*Radio waves travel at the speed of light, roughly 186,000 miles per second (mps)

How GPS find location*If it took 0.06 seconds to receive a signal transmitted

by a satellite floating directly overhead, use this formula to find your distance from the satellite.

*186,000 mps x 0.06 seconds = 11,160 miles

Signal From One Satellite

Signals From Two Satellites

Three Satellites (2D Positioning)

Three Dimensional (3D) Positioning

Sources of GPS ErrorSource Amount of Error

Satellite clocks: 1.5 to 3.6 meters Orbital errors: < 1 meter Ionosphere: 5.0 to 7.0 meters Troposphere: 0.5 to 0.7 meters Receiver noise: 0.3 to 1.5 meters Multipath: 0.6 to 1.2 meters Selective Availability variable User error: Up to a kilometer or more

*S/A was designed to prevent America’s enemies from using GPS against them. In May 2000 the Pentagon reduced S/A to zero meters error. S/A could be reactivated at any time by the Pentagon.

Atomic clock*GPS satellites use Atomic Clocks for accuracy, but because of the expense, most GPS receivers do not.

*The dashed lines show the actual intersection point, and the gray bands indicate the area of uncertainty.

*The solid lines indicate where the GPS receiver "thinks" the spheres are located. Because of errors in the receiver's internal clock, these spheres do not intersect at one point.

*The GPS receiver must change the size of the spheres until the intersection point is determined. The relative size of each sphere has already been calculated, so if the size of one sphere is changed, the other spheres must be adjusted by exactly the same amount.

Differential CorrectionDifferential correction is a technique that greatly increases the accuracy of the collected GPS data. It involves using a receiver at a known location - the "base station“- and comparing that data with GPS positions collected from unknown locations with "roving receivers."

Applications

AgricultureSurveyMappingPositioningMiningAerospacenavigation

ARM 7 TDMIWHAT WE NEEDED

62

WHAT IS ARM?

AN ARCHITECTURE.

ADVANCED RISC MACHINE.

FIRST RISC MICROPROCESSOR FOR COMMERCIAL USE.

MARKET-LEADER FOR LOW-POWER AND COST-SENSITIVE EMBEDDED APPLICATIONS.

ARM DOES NOT FABRICATE SILICON ITSELF, ONLY PROVIDES LICENSE FOR PRODUCTION.

63

ARM7 TDMI CORE

TDMI

T: THUMB, 16-BIT COMPRESSED INSTRUCTION SET

D: ON-CHIP DEBUG SUPPORT, ENABLING THE PROCESSOR TO HALT IN RESPONSE TO A DEBUG REQUEST

M: ENHANCED MULTIPLIER, YIELD A FULL 64-BIT RESULT, HIGH PERFORMANCE

I: EMBEDDED ICE HARDWARE (IN-CIRCUIT EMULATOR)

ARM ARCHITECTURE

32 BIT RISC*PROCESSOR.

HIGH CODE DENSITY.( LESS MEMORY)

HARDWARE DEBUG TECHNOLOGY.

LOAD STORE ARCHITECTURE.

INLINE BARREL SHIFTER.

THUMB 16 BIT INSTRUCTION SET

ORTHOGONAL INSTRUCTION SET

LARGE 16 X 32 REGISTER FILE.

FIXED OP CODE WIDTH OF 32 BITS TO EASE DECODING AND PIPELINING.

POWERFUL INDEXED ADDRESSING MODES.

INTERRUPT SUBSYSTEM WITH SWITCHED REGISTER BANKS.

66

ARM – SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHHIGH PERFORMANCELOW PRICEVERY LOW POWER CONSUMPTIONGOOD DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

WEAKNESSLACK OF DSP OPERATIONS

OPPORTUNITYMOBILE COMPUTING TRENDCOMING OF POST-PC AGE

THREATNOTHING AT NOW

CORE SPECIFICATIONS

8 TO 40 KB-STATIC RAM AND 32 TO 512 KB-FLASH

ISP/IAP VIA ON-CHIP BOOT-LOADER SOFTWARE

USB 2.0 FULL SPEED COMPLIANT

TWO 32-BIT TIMERS/EXTERNAL EVENT COUNTERS

60 MHZ MAXIMUM CPU CLOCK AVAILABLE FROM PROGRAMMABLE ON-CHIP PLL WITH SETTLING TIME OF 100 ΜS

PIPELINE ORGANIZATION

3-STAGE PIPELINE: FETCH – DECODE - EXECUTE

THREE-CYCLE LATENCY, ONE INSTRUCTION PER CYCLE THROUGHPUT

68

cycle

Fetch Decode Execute

Fetch Decode Execute

Fetch Decode Execute

instruction

t t+1 t+2 t+3 t+4

i

i+1

i+2

OPERATING MODES

SEVEN OPERATING MODES:

USER

PRIVILEGED:

SYSTEM (VERSION 4 AND ABOVE)

FIQ

IRQ

ABORT

UNDEFINED

SUPERVISOR 69

EXCEPTION MODES

70

USER MODE

NORMAL PROGRAM EXECUTION MODE

SYSTEM RESOURCES UNAVAILABLE

MODE CHANGED

BY EXCEPTION ONLY

EXCEPTION MODES

ENTERED

UPON EXCEPTION

FULL ACCESS

TO SYSTEM RESOURCES

MODE CHANGED FREELY

71

ARM REGISTERS

31 GENERAL-PURPOSE 32-BIT REGISTERS

16 VISIBLE, R0 – R15

OTHERS SPEED UP THE EXCEPTION PROCESS

HARDWARE

R14 – LINK REGISTER (LR):

OPTIONALLY HOLDS RETURN ADDRESS

FOR BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS

R15 – PROGRAM COUNTER (PC)

SOFTWARE

R13 - STACK POINTER (SP)

REGISTER ARRANGEMENT

72

R0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13R14R15 (PC)

CPSR

System & UserR0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7_fiqR8_fiqR9_fiqR10_fiqR11_fiqR12_fiqR13_fiqR14_fiqR15 (PC)

CPSRSPSR_fiq

FIQR0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13_irqR14_irqR15 (PC)

CPSRSPSR_irq

IRQR0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13_svcR14_svcR15 (PC)

CPSRSPSR_svc

SupervisorR0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13_abtR14_abtR15 (PC)

CPSRSPSR_abt

AbortR0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13_undR14_undR15 (PC)

CPSRSPSR_und

Undefined

UARTs

TWO UARTS

16 BYTE TX, RX FIFOS

INBUILT BAUD RATE GENERATOR FOR BOTH UARTS

COVERING WIDE RANGE OF BAUD RATES WITHOUT A NEED FOR EXTERNAL CRYSTALS OF PARTICULAR VALUES.

73

UART0 RECEIVER BUFFER REGISTER

THE U0RBR IS THE TOP OF THE UART0 RX FIFO. THE TOP BYTE OF THE RX FIFO CONTAINS THE OLDEST CHARACTER RECEIVED AND CAN BE READ VIA THE BUS INTERFACE. THE LSB (BIT 0) REPRESENTS THE OLDEST RECEIVED DATA BIT. IF THE CHARACTER RECEIVED IS LESS THAN 8 BIT THE UNUSED MSBS ARE PADS WITH ZERO.

UART0 TRANSMIT HOLDING REGISTER

THE U0THR IS THE TOP OF THE UART0 TX FIFO. THE TOP BYTE IS THE NEWEST CHARACTER IN THE TX FIFO AND CAN BE WRITTEN VIA THE BUS INTERFACE. THE LSB REPRESENTS THE FIRST BIT TO TRANSMIT.

74

ADCs

ADCR REGISTER (32 BIT)

A/D CONTROL REGISTER.

THE ADCR REGISTER MUST BE WRITTEN TO SELECT THE OPERATING MODE BEFORE A/D CONVERSION CAN OCCUR.

75

SEL - WHICH CHANNEL SHOULD BE USED (0..7)

CLKDIV - A VALUE TO DIVIDE PCLK BY TO DETERMINE WHICH SPEED THE A/D CONVERTER SHOULD OPERATE AT (UP TO A MAXIMUM OF 4.5MHZ)

CLKS - HOW PRECISE THE CONVERSION RESULTS SHOULD BE (BETWEEN 3 AND 10 BITS)

PDN - WHETHER THE A/D CONVERTER IS CURRENTLY ACTIVE (1) OR SLEEPING (0)

THE 32-BIT ANALOG/DIGITAL CONTROL REGISTER HAS THE FOLLOWING FORMAT:

76

FUNCTION

- EDGE START - PDN - CLKS BURST CLKDIV SEL

ADCR BIT(S)

31..28 27 26..24 23.22 21 20 19..17 16 15..8 7..0

PIN DIAGRAM

SOFTWARE DEVOLEPMENTFLOW CHART

START

CHECK ATVT SWITCH

MONITOR ACCELEROMETER

STATUS

READ GPS DATA

READ THE MOBILE NUMBER

SEND DETAILS VIA GSM

CHECK ALCOHOL CONTENT

IGNITION OFF

CHECK TEMPERATURE

HARDWARE DISCRIPTION

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

COST ESTIMATECOMPONENTS MODEL PRICE

ARM PROCESSOR LPC2148 850

LEARNING KIT LPC2148 LK 8000

GSM MODULE 2800

GPS MODULE 3200

ALCOHOL SENSOR MQ303A 280

TEMPERATURE SENSOR LM35 30

ACCELEROMETER ADXL335 680

15840

ADVANTAGES

REDUCTION OF DEATH RATE

LOW COST,CAN IMPLEMENT EASILY

SENSORS MAY MEASURE FORCES CLOSER TO THOSE EXPERIENCED BY VICTIMS

UPGRADE TO A SMART CAR STANDARD

DISADVANTAGES

CONSUME A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF BATTERY POWER.

THERE ARE LOCATIONS WITHOUT GSM COVERAGE

LESS RELIABLE TO FIRE ACCIDENTS

NEED OF A CENTRALIZED SYSTEM REQUIRES MORE EMPLOYEES

FUTURE SCOPES

A CENTRALIZED MONITORING STATION TO

DETERMINE THE LOCATION

CHOOSE THE EASIEST PATH

DETERMINE NEARBY HOSPITALS

INFORM NEARBY MEDICAL PERSONALS

INFORM RESCUE SERVICES

REGISTER THE ACCIDENT CASE FOR FUTURE ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION OF FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM

MAKE THE ATVT SYSTEM MORE RELIABLE

TRANSMSSION OF DRIVERS IMAGE GIVES IDEA ABOUT THE DEPTH OF ACCIDENT

A SMART CAR STANDARD

LET US CONCLUDE….

THE SYSTEM DESIGNED CAN BE USED TO REDUCE DEATH RATE

IT GIVES A SMART CAR STANDARD TO ORDINARI CARS

F.R.S IS VERY COST EFFECTIVE AND RELIABLE

IT GIVES A NEW FACE TO OUR TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT

Questions ???

thanks