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8/12/2019 FAST First Aid and CPR Review
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SKILL SHEET
22| CPR/AED for Professional Rescuers and Health Care Providers
Note: Always follow standard precautions when providing care. Get anautomated external defibrillator (AED) on the scene as soon as possible.
Size-up the scene for safety and then:
CHECK FOR RESPONSIVENESS
Tap the shoulder and shout, Are you okay?
IF NO RESPONSE, SUMMON MORE ADVANCEDMEDICAL PERSONNEL
If face-down, roll the victim onto his or her back whilesupporting the head, neck and back.
OPEN THE AIRWAY AND CHECKFOR BREATHING AND A PULSE
Check for no more than 10seconds.
Look, listen and feel for breathing.
Feel for a pulse by placing two fingersin the middle of the victims throat thensliding them into the groove at the sideof the neck closest to you. Press lightly.
Note: For a breathing emergency (e.g.,drowning, hypoxia), give2ventilations prior toStep 4. If the chest does not clearly rise whengiving ventilations, the airway might be blocked.Provide care for an unconscious choking victim.
QUICKLY SCAN FOR SEVERE
BLEEDING
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PRIMARY ASSESSMENTADULT
PROVIDE CARE AS NEEDED
If no breathing or pulse, perform CPR.
If no breathing but there is a pulse, give 1ventilation about every 5seconds.
If there is severe bleeding and the victim is breathing, provide first aid carefor the bleeding.
If unconscious but breathing, leave the victim in a face-up position and maintan open airway. Place in a modified high arm in endangered spine (H.A.IN.E.recovery position only if you:
Are alone and must leave the victim (e.g., to call for help).
Cannot maintain an open and clear airway because of fluids or vomit.
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SKILL SHEET
Note: Always follow standard precautions when providing care. Get an AED onthe scene as soon as possible.
Size-up the scene for safety and then:
CHECK FOR RESPONSIVENESS
Tap the shoulder and shout. For an infant,
you may flick the bottom of the foot.
IF NO RESPONSE, SUMMON MORE ADVANCED
MEDICAL PERSONNEL
If face-down, roll the victim onto his or her back while supporting thehead, neck and back.
OPEN THE AIRWAY AND CHECKFOR BREATHING AND A PULSE
Check for no more than 10seconds.
Look, listen and feel for breathing.
Check for a pulse.
For a child, place two fingers in themiddle of the throat, then slide theminto the groove at the side of theneck closest to you. Press lightly.
For an infant, place two fingers on theinside of the upper arm between the elbow and shoulder. Press lightly.
Note: For a witnessed sudden collapse, skip Step 4.
IF NO BREATHING, GIVE2VENTILATIONS
Each ventilation should last about 1secondand make the chest clearly rise. The chestshould fall before the next ventilationis given.
Note: If the chest does not clearly rise during Step 4, the airway might beblocked. Provide care for an unconscious choking victim.
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PRIMARY ASSESSMENTCHILD AND INFANT
24| CPR/AED for Professional Rescuers and Health Care Providers
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SECTION2 - Skill Sheets
QUICKLY SCAN FOR SEVERE BLEEDING
PROVIDE CARE AS NEEDED
If no breathing or pulse, perform CPR.
If no breathing but there is a pulse, give 1ventilation about every 3seconds.
If there is severe bleeding and the victim is breathing, provide first aid carefor the bleeding.
If unconscious but breathing, leave the victim in a face-up position and maintan open airway. Place in a modified H.A.IN.E.S. recovery position only if you:
Are alone and must leave the victim (e.g., to call for help).
Cannot maintain an open and clear airway because of fluids or vomit.
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RECOVERY POSITIONS
Note: If unconscious but breathing, leave the victim in a face-up position andmaintain an open airway. Place in a modified H.A.IN.E.S. recovery position onlyif you:
Are alone and must leave the victim (e.g., to call for help).
Cannot maintain an open and clear airway because of fluids or vomit.
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Modified H.A.IN.E.S. Recovery PositionAdult, Child and Infant
KNEEL AT THE SIDE
ROLL THE VICTIM AWAY FROM YOU
Lift the arm farthest from you up next to the head, with the victims palm facing up.
Take the arm closest to you and place it next to his or her side.
Bend the leg farthest from you up.
Using your hand closest to the head, cup the base of the skull in your palmand carefully slide your forearm under the shoulder closest to you.
Do not lift or push the head or neck.
Place your other hand under the arm and hip closest to you.
Using a smooth motion, roll the victim away from you by lifting with your handand forearm until the victim is on his or her side.
Keep the victims head in contact with his or her extended arm and support
the head and neck.
PLACE THE TOP LEG ON THE OTHER WITH BOTH
KNEES IN A BENT POSITION
ALIGN THE ARM ON TOP WITH
THE UPPER BODY
If you must leave to get help, place thehand of the victims upper arm palm sidedown with the fingers under the armpitof his or her extended lower arm.
Additional Recovery Posi tionInfant
1. Carefully position the infant face-down alongyour forearm.
2. Support the infants head and neck with yourother hand while keeping the infants mouthand nose clear.
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SKILL SHEET SKILL S
GIVING VE NTILATIONS
Note: Size-up the scene for safety, then perform a primary assessment. Alwselect the properly sized mask for the victim.
If the victim is not breathing but has a pulse:
POSITION AND SEAL THE
RESUSCITATION MASK
OPEN THE AIRWAY AND BLOW
INTO THE MASK
For an adult, give 1ventilationabout every 5seconds.
For a child or an infant, give1ventilation about every 3seconds.
Each ventilation should last about
1second and make the chest clearlyrise. The chest should fall beforethe next ventilation is given.
RECHECK FOR BREATHING AND A PULSE ABOUT
EVERY 2MINUTES
Remove the mask, then look, listen and feel for breathing and check for a pufor no more than 10seconds.
PROVIDE CARE AS NEEDED
If unconscious but breathing, place in a recovery position.
If unconscious and no breathing but there is a pulse, continue giving ventilat
If unconscious and no breathing or pulse, begin CPR.
If the chest does not clearly rise, provide care for an unconscious choking vic
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30| CPR/AED for Professional Rescuers and Health Care Providers
CONSCIOUS CHOKINGADULT AND CHI LD
Notes: Size-up the scene for safety, obtain consent and summon more advanced medical
personnel.For a child, stand or kneel behind the child, depending on the childssize. Use less force on a child than you would on an adult.
If the victim cannot cough, speak or breathe:
GIVE 5BACK BLOWS
Place one arm across the chest andbend the victim forward at the waist.
Firmly strike the victim between theshoulder blades with the heel of your hand.
GIVE 5ABDOMINAL THRUSTS
Place the thumb side of your fistagainst the middle of the victims
abdomen, just above the navel.Grab your fist and give quick, upwardthrusts.
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SKILL SHEET
Continue giving 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until:
The object is forced out.
The victim begins to cough forcefully or breathe.
The victim becomes unconscious.
If the victim becomes unconscious:
Carefully lower the victim to the ground and provide care for an unconscious chvictim.
Note:Some conscious choking victims, including those too large to reach yarms around and those who are obviously pregnant or known to be pregnan
may require chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts.
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Note:Size-up the scene for safety, obtain consent and summon more advancedmedical personnel.
If the infant cannot cough, cry or breathe:
CONSCIOUS CHOKI NGINFANT
CAREFULLY POSITION THE INFANT FACE-DOWN ALONG
YOUR FOREARM
Support the infants head and neck with your hand.Lower the infant onto your thigh, keeping the infants head lower than hisor her chest.
GIVE 5BACK BLOWS
Give firm back blows with the heel of yourhand between the infants shoulder blades.
POSITION THE INFANT FACE-UPALONG YOUR FOREARM
Position the infant between both of yourforearms, supporting the infants headand neck.
Turn the infant face-up.
Lower the infant onto your thigh with theinfants head lower than his or her chest.
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SKILL SHEET
GIVE 5CHEST THRUSTS
Put two or three fingers on the center of thechest just below the nipple line and compressthe chest about 1inches.
Continue giving 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts until:The object is forced out.
The infant begins to cough forcefully, cry or breathe.
The infant becomes unconscious.
If the infant becomes unconscious:
Carefully lower the infant to the ground and provide care for an unconsciouschoking infant.
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UNCONSCIOUS CHOKING
Notes:
Size-up the scene for safety and then perform a primary assessment.
Ensure that the victim is on a firm, flat surface, such as the floor or a table.
If a ventilation attempt does not make the chest clearly rise:
RETILT THE HEAD AND GIVE ANOTHER VENTILATION
IF THE CHEST STILL DOES NOTCLEARLY RISE, GIVE 30CHEST
COMPRESSIONS
Note:Remove the resuscitation mask when giving chest compressions.
LOOK FOR AN OBJECT INSIDE THE MOUTH
Grasp the tongue and lower jaw between your thumb and fingers and lift the jaw.
IF YOU SEE AN OBJECT,
REMOVE IT
Slide your finger along the inside of thecheek, using a hooking motion.
For an infant, use your littlefinger.
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SKILL SHEET
GIVE 2VENTILATIONS
PROVIDE CARE AS NEEDED
If the ventilations still do not make the chest clearly rise, repeat steps 25.
If the ventilations make the chest clearly rise, check for breathing and a pulsefor no more than 10seconds.
If unconscious but breathing, place in a recovery position.
If unconscious and no breathing but there is a pulse, give ventilations.
If unconscious and no breathing or pulse, begin CPR.
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Notes:
Size-up the scene for safety, then per form a primary assessment.
Ensure that the victim is on a firm, flat surface, such as the floor or a table.
If the victim is not breathing and has no pulse:
CPR
GIVE 30CHEST COMPRESSIONS
Push hard, push fast.
Compress the center of the chest atleast 2inches for an adult, about2inches for a child and about1inches for an infant at a rateof at least 100per minute.
Let the chest rise completelybefore pushing down again.
Note: Counting out loud or to yourself helps keep an even pace.
GIVE 2VENTILATIONS
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SKILL SHEET
PERFORM CYCLES OF 30CHEST COMPRESSIONS
AND 2VENTILATIONS
Do not stop CPR except in one of these situations:
You see an obvious sign of life, such as breathing.
An AED is ready to use.
Another trained rescuer takes over.
More advanced medical personnel take over.
You are presented with a valid Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order.
You are too exhausted to continue.
The scene becomes unsafe.
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Notes:Size-up the scene for safety, then perform a primary assessment.
Ensure that the victim is on a firm, flat surface, such as the floor or a table.
If the victim is not breathing and has no pulse:
TWO-RESCUER CPR
RESCUER 1 FINDS THE
CORRECT HAND POSITION TOGIVE CHEST COMPRESSIONS
For an adult or a child, place two handsin the center of the chest.
For an infant, use the two thumbs-encirclingtechnique on the infants chest.
Place thumbs next to each otheron the center of the chest justbelow the nipple line.
Place both hands underneath theinfants back and support the infantsback with your fingers.
Ensure that your hands do not compressor squeeze the side of the ribs.
If available, place a towel or padding
underneath the infants shouldersto help maintain the headin the neutral position.
RESCUER 1 GIVES CHEST COMPRESSIONS
Push hard, push fast.
Compress the center of the chest at least 2inches for an adult, about 2inchesfor a child and about 1inches for an infant at a rate of at least 100per minute.
For an adult, give 30chest compressions. For a child or an infant, give 15chestcompressions.
RESCUER 2 GIVES
2VENTILATIONS
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38| CPR/AED for Professional Rescuers and Health Care Providers
SKILL SHEET
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RESCUERS CHANGE POSITIONS
ABOUT EVERY 2MINUTES
Rescuer 1 calls for a position changeby using the word Change at theend of the last compression cycle:
For an adult, use the word Changein place of the word 30.
For a child or an infant, use the wordchange in place of the word 15.
Rescuer 2 gives 2ventilations.
Rescuer 1 quickly moves to the victims head with his or her own maskwhile Rescuer 2 quickly moves into position at the victims chest.
Changing positions should take less than 5seconds.
RESCUER 2 BEGINS CHEST COMPRESSIONS
Rescuers 1 and 2 continue cycles of chest compressions and ventilations.
Do not stop CPR except in one of these situations:
You see an obvious sign of life, such as breathing.
An AED is ready to use.
Another trained rescuer takes over.
More advanced medical personnel take over.
You are presented with a valid DNR order.
You are too exhausted to continue.
The scene becomes unsafe.
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USING AN AED
Note: Size-up the scene for safety, then perform a primary assessment.
If the victim is not breathing and has no pulse:
TURN ON THE AED AND FOLLOW THE VOICE
AND/OR VISUAL PROMPTS
WIPE THE VICTIMS BARE CHEST DRY
ATTACH THE AED PADS TO THE
VICTIMS BARE, DRY CHEST
Place one pad on the upper right sideof the victims chest and the otherpad on the left side of the chest.
For a child or an infant, use pediatric AEDpads if available. If the pads risk touchingeach other, place one pad in the middleof the chest and the other on the back,between the shoulder blades.
PLUG IN THE CONNECTOR, IF NECESSARY
STAND CLEAR
Make sure no one, including you,is touching the victim.
Say, Everyone, stand clear!
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SKILL SHEET
ANALYZE THE HEART RHYTHM
Push the Analyze button, if necessary. Let the AED analyze the heart rhythm
DELIVER A SHOCK OR
PERFORM CPR BASED ON
THE AED RECOMMENDATION
If a shock is advised:
Make sure no one, includingyou, is touching the victim.
Say, Everyone, stand clear!
Deliver the shock by pushing the Shock button, if necessary.
After delivering the shock, performabout 2minutes of CPR.
Continue to follow the prompts of the AED.
If no shock is advised:
Perform about 2minutes of CPR.
Continue to follow the prompts of the AED.
Notes:If at any time you notice an obvious sign of life, such as breathing, stop CPR anmonitor the victims condition.
If two trained rescuers are present, one should perform CPR while the secondrescuer operates the AED.
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SECTION2 - Skill Sheets | 21
REMOVING DISPOSABLE GLOVES
Note: To remove gloves without spreading germs, never touch your bare skinwith the outside of either glove.
PINCH GLOVE
Pinch the palm side of one glove near yourwrist. Carefully pull the glove off so that it isinside out.
SLIP TWO FINGERS
UNDER GLOVE
Hold the glove in the palm of your gloved hand.Slip two fingers under the glove at the wrist ofthe remaining gloved hand.
PULL GLOVE OFF
Pull the glove until it comes off, inside out. Thefirst glove should end up inside the glove you
just removed.
DISPOSE OF GLOVES AND WASH HANDS
After removing the gloves:Dispose of gloves and other personal protective equipment (PPE) in a properbiohazard container.
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and running water, if available.Otherwise, rub hands thoroughly with an alcohol-based hand sanitizerif hands are not visibly soiled.
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SKILL SHEET
AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED OR ILL PERSON:
COVER THE WOUNDCover the wound with a sterile dressing.
APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE
UNTIL BLEEDING STOPS
COVER THE DRESSING
WITH BANDAGECheck for circulation beyond the injury
(check for feeling, warmth and color).
APPLY MORE PRESSURE AND CALL 9-1-1If the bleeding does not stop:
Apply more dressings and bandages.
Continue to apply additional pressure.
Take steps to minimize shock.
CALL9-1-1or the local emergency number if not already done.
TIP: Wash hands with soap and water after giving care.
CONTROLLING
EXTERNAL BLEEDING
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AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED OR ILL PERSON:
REMOVE FROM SOURCE OF BURNCOOL THE BURN
Cool the burn with cold running water at least
until pain is relieved.
COVER LOOSELY WITH
STERILE DRESSING
CALL 9-1-1
CALL9-1-1or the local emergency number if the burn is severe or otherlife-threatening conditions are found.
CARE FOR SHOCK
BURNS
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AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED OR ILL PERSON:
THINK F.A.S.T.Face Ask the person to smile.
Does one side of face droop?Arm Ask the person to raise both arms.
Does one arm drift downward?
Speech Ask the person to repeat a simplesentence (such as, The sky is
blue.). Is the speech slurred?Can the person repeat the sentence
correctly?
Time CALL 9-1-1immediately if yousee any signals of a stroke. Try to
determine the time when signals firstappeared. Note the time of onset of
signals and report it to the call takeror EMS personnel when they arrive.
PROVIDE CARE
Give CAREbased on the conditions found.
STROKE
FOR A STROKE, THINK F.A.S.T.
PANEL12 Copyright 2011 by The American NaS
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POISONING
AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED CHILD OR INFANT:
CALL 9-1-1OR POISON CONTROL HOTLINEFor life-threatening conditions (such as if the child or infant is unconscious or is notbreathing or if a change in the level of consciousness occurs), CALL9-1-1or the
local emergency number. OR
If conscious and alert, CALLthe National Poison Control Center (PCC) hotline at1-800-222-1222 and follow the advice given.
PROVIDE CAREGive CAREbased on the conditions found.
SEIZURE
AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED CHILD OR INFANT:
CALL OR HAVE SOMEONE CALL 9-1-1REMOVE NEARBY OBJECTS
DO NOT hold or restrain the child or infant.
DO NOT place anything between the teeth or in the mouth.
AFTER SEIZURE PASSESMonitor breathing and for changes in condition.WHAT TO DO NEXT
Comfort and reassure the child or infant. Iffluids or vomit are present, roll the child orinfant to one side to keep the airway clear.
Provide CAREbased on conditions found.
PANEL12 Copyright 2011 by The American National Red CrossStock No. 656733
AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED OR ILL PERSON:
CALL 9-1-1OR POISON CONTROL HOTLINEFor life-threatening conditions (such as if the person is unconscious or is not breor if a change in the level of consciousness occurs), CALL9-1-1or the local emnumber.
OR
If the person is conscious and alert, CALLthe National Poison Control Centehotline at 1-800-222-1222and follow the advice given.
PROVIDE CARE
Give CAREbased on the conditions found.
POISONING
AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED OR ILL PERSON:
CALL 9-1-1OR THE LOCAL EMERGENCY NUMBERMINIMIZE MOVEMENT
Minimize movement of the head,neck and spine.
STABILIZE HEAD
Manually stabilize the head in the position in which it was found.
Provide support by placing your hands on both sides of the persons head
If head is sharply turned to one side, DO NOTmove it.
HEAD, NECK ORSPINAL INJURIES
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