Fascism in ItalyFascism in ItalyBIG Idea: Economic and political BIG Idea: Economic and political chaos caused bychaos caused byWWI and the Great WWI and the Great Depression led Depression led many Europeans to many Europeans to support powerful support powerful dictators during the dictators during the 1920s and 1930s.1920s and 1930s.

TotalitarianismTotalitarianism

Italy, Germany, and Russia went Italy, Germany, and Russia went from the total war of WWI to gov’ts from the total war of WWI to gov’ts aimed at total control over every aimed at total control over every aspect of citizen’s lives.aspect of citizen’s lives. Gov’ts kept sweeping wartime Gov’ts kept sweeping wartime

powers permanantly.powers permanantly.

Dissatisfaction in Italy Dissatisfaction in Italy

Didn’t get new territory after WWIDidn’t get new territory after WWI

Economic downturnEconomic downturn Mass unemploymentMass unemployment

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

Italian fascist dictatorItalian fascist dictator

Offered something for Offered something for everyone.everyone. Protection of property for the Protection of property for the

owners.owners. Employment for the workers.Employment for the workers.

Promised to restore the glory of Promised to restore the glory of ancient Rome. (Nationalism)ancient Rome. (Nationalism)

Used violence to gain power.Used violence to gain power.

What is fascism?What is fascism?

Fasci: a symbol for power used in the Roman Empire.

FascismFascismGlorification of the state, Glorification of the state, subjugation of the subjugation of the individual.individual.Single-party system Single-party system with a strong ruler.with a strong ruler. Anti-democraticAnti-democratic

Protects private Protects private property and the property and the class system.class system.

Assignment: Fascism in ItalyAssignment: Fascism in Italy

ELT: Compare and contrast the ELT: Compare and contrast the characteristics of various political characteristics of various political systems throughout history.systems throughout history.

What was Mussolini’s rule like in What was Mussolini’s rule like in Italy?Italy?

““Fascism in Italy”Fascism in Italy” Reading and CrosswordReading and Crossword

Fascism in GermanyFascism in Germany

Weimar RepublicWeimar Republic

After defeat in WWI, the German After defeat in WWI, the German Kaiser abdicated and a democratic Kaiser abdicated and a democratic republic was formed.republic was formed. 1919-19331919-1933

Political instability: many distrusted Political instability: many distrusted Weimar leaders who accepted the Weimar leaders who accepted the treaty of Versailles.treaty of Versailles. ““Stab in the Back” TheoryStab in the Back” Theory

Economic instability: WWI blockade Economic instability: WWI blockade and reparations made the depression and reparations made the depression even worse in Germany.even worse in Germany. Hyper-inflation: Gov’t printed more and Hyper-inflation: Gov’t printed more and

more money.more money.

NazisNazis

National Socialist German National Socialist German Workers PartyWorkers Party (NSDAP)(NSDAP) Who does this name try to Who does this name try to

appeal to?appeal to?

HitlerHitlerBlamed Jews and Communists for Blamed Jews and Communists for defeat in WWI.defeat in WWI.

Wanted to unite all Germans as the Wanted to unite all Germans as the “master race” to rule the world.“master race” to rule the world.Voted into power with his Voted into power with his promise to end promise to end unemployment and unemployment and restore German military restore German military might.might.

Hitler in PowerHitler in Power

Used violence to consolidate power.Used violence to consolidate power. Brownshirts (S.A.): private armyBrownshirts (S.A.): private army Gestapo: secret policeGestapo: secret police

Ended democracy and most personal Ended democracy and most personal freedoms.freedoms.

Regulated the economy.Regulated the economy.

PropagandaPropaganda

Stressed militarism and devotion Stressed militarism and devotion to the state and it’s leader.to the state and it’s leader.

Modern, Mass Prop.: Press, Modern, Mass Prop.: Press, radio, & movies.radio, & movies.

Hitler Youth: indoctrinating Hitler Youth: indoctrinating children to the Nazis.children to the Nazis.

Early Jewish PolicyEarly Jewish PolicyStripped of Stripped of citizenship in 1935.citizenship in 1935.

Kristalnacht: physical Kristalnacht: physical attacks and attacks and destruction of destruction of property in 1938.property in 1938.

Sent to concentration Sent to concentration camps.camps.

Destruction of a Jewish business on Kristalnacht.Destruction of a Jewish business on Kristalnacht.

Jews arrested during Kristallnacht line up for roll call Jews arrested during Kristallnacht line up for roll call at Buchenwald concentration camp.at Buchenwald concentration camp.

Assignment: Mein Kampf ReadingAssignment: Mein Kampf Reading

ELT: Giving examples of how philosophical ELT: Giving examples of how philosophical beliefs have influenced various aspects of beliefs have influenced various aspects of society throughout history.society throughout history.

How does totalitarianism seek to control How does totalitarianism seek to control citizen’s thoughts?citizen’s thoughts? Let’s take a look at Hitler’s views on Let’s take a look at Hitler’s views on

propaganda as stated in “Mein Kampf.”propaganda as stated in “Mein Kampf.”

Works CitedWorks Cited

Broken Shop WindowsBroken Shop Windows. 1938. USHMM Photo Archive. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. . 1938. USHMM Photo Archive. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. <http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/chatback/english/memories/kristall.html>.<http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/chatback/english/memories/kristall.html>.

Children Playing with MoneyChildren Playing with Money. Private collection. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. . Private collection. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. <http://www.wiseupjournal.com/?p=402>.<http://www.wiseupjournal.com/?p=402>.

Dollar ToiletDollar Toilet. Private collection. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. . Private collection. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. <http://healthcare.zdnet.com/?p=1239>.<http://healthcare.zdnet.com/?p=1239>.

eugeniusz, . eugeniusz, . Unknown KitlerUnknown Kitler. 2006. Private collection. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. . 2006. Private collection. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. <http://www.catsthatlooklikehitler.com/cgi-bin/seigboard.pl?2>.<http://www.catsthatlooklikehitler.com/cgi-bin/seigboard.pl?2>.

Ewiger Jude FilmEwiger Jude Film. 1940. Private collection. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. . 1940. Private collection. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EwigerJudeFilm.jpg>.<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EwigerJudeFilm.jpg>.

Farah, Mounir A., and Andrea B. Karls. Farah, Mounir A., and Andrea B. Karls. World History The Human ExperienceWorld History The Human Experience. . New York: Glencoe/McGraw Hill, 1999. 781-86. Print.New York: Glencoe/McGraw Hill, 1999. 781-86. Print.

FasciFasci. Private collection. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. . Private collection. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. <http://romanfasci.blogspot.com/>.<http://romanfasci.blogspot.com/>.

Flag of the Weimar RepublicFlag of the Weimar Republic. Private collection. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. . Private collection. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Weimar_Republic_(defenc<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Weimar_Republic_(defence_minister_1921).svg>. e_minister_1921).svg>.

Hitler eating watermelonHitler eating watermelon. Private collection. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. . Private collection. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. <http://www.forumammo.com/cpg/displayimage.php?album=1&pos=49>.<http://www.forumammo.com/cpg/displayimage.php?album=1&pos=49>.

Hitler head bobHitler head bob. Private collection. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. . Private collection. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. <http://www.forumammo.com/cpg/displayimage.php?album=1&pos=48>.<http://www.forumammo.com/cpg/displayimage.php?album=1&pos=48>.

Lincoln Memorial FasciaLincoln Memorial Fascia. Private collection. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. . Private collection. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. <http://romanfasci.blogspot.com/>.<http://romanfasci.blogspot.com/>.

Mussolini and HitlerMussolini and Hitler. Private collection. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. . Private collection. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. <http://faculty.unlv.edu/pwerth/464.html>.<http://faculty.unlv.edu/pwerth/464.html>.

NAF, . NAF, . Just wait till your Fuhrer gets home!Just wait till your Fuhrer gets home! Private collection. Web. 11 Mar. Private collection. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. <http://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/f/f%C3%BChrer.asp>.2010. <http://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/f/f%C3%BChrer.asp>.

Nazi ChildNazi Child. Private collection. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. . Private collection. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. <http://www.ppu.org.uk/peacematters/pre99/back-genocide2.html>.<http://www.ppu.org.uk/peacematters/pre99/back-genocide2.html>.

Nazi Propaganda PosterNazi Propaganda Poster. Private collection. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. . Private collection. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. <http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/propaganda_family2.jpg>.<http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/propaganda_family2.jpg>.

Nazi SwastikaNazi Swastika. 2008. Private collection. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. . 2008. Private collection. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nazi_swastika_clean.svg>.<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nazi_swastika_clean.svg>.

Nuremberg Laws ChartNuremberg Laws Chart. USHMM Photo Archives. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. . USHMM Photo Archives. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. <http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/h-nurem-laws.htm>.<http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/h-nurem-laws.htm>.

Schmuhl, Lorenz C. Schmuhl, Lorenz C. Jews arrested during Kristallnacht line up for roll call at Jews arrested during Kristallnacht line up for roll call at BuchenwaldBuchenwald. 1938. USHMM Archives. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. . 1938. USHMM Archives. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. <http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/kristallnacht/img6pic.htm>. <http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/kristallnacht/img6pic.htm>.