FAS Wax Information Sheet

7/25/2019 FAS Wax Information Sheet

1/4

Technology Soluon Hydrate

Inhibitors

Producon of water, oil and gas under

condions of high pressure and low

temperatures, such as those in oshoreoperaons, can cause the formaon of

gas hydrates.

The addion of low dosages of kinec

inhibitors to a pipeline stops hydrate crystals

from growing. An-agglomerates can also be

added to keep crystals from scking to the

producon tubing.

We have developed new soluons in this area

to assure the most opmal ow - and opmal

safety - in operaons.

The Flow Assurance Soluons (FAS) programfor integrated hydrate control provides

customisable hydrate management for

challenging deepwater operaons.

A t-for-purpose hydrate management

methodology, the FAS program thoroughly

evaluates system condions and applies the

most appropriate treatment.

State-of-the-art tesng and modeling are used

to develop the right soluon:

1. Condions aecng hydrate formaon are

fully modeled

2. For precise chemical selecon, accurate

cell pressures and temperatures, including

condions of rapid cool-down, are

determined using leading-edge equipment

The FAS hydrate management program is

connually monitored and revised by FAS

experts to maximize cost-eecveness and

performance. Contact us to discuss how we

can help.

Technology Soluons Paran

Inhibitors

Paran Creaon

Parans are aliphac hydrocarbon waxes

that are present in most crude oils. They

precipitate from a crude oil at the point where

the temperature falls below the WAT.

These deposits reduce the internal diameter

of tubulars and pipelines, restrict or block

valves, and impede other producon

equipment to reduce capacity and, in the

worst case, stop producon.

Flow Assurance Soluons for Paran and Asphaltene


2/4

When waxes or asphaltenes are present in oil,

temperature or pressure changes can cause

solubility issues and compromise ow. In

oshore operaons, temperature uctuaons

can be extreme due to low seabed

temperatures. Low temperatures impact long

pipelines, and ow issues can occur even

when piping is insulated.

FAS paran control products prevent crudeoil precipitaon of paran wax deposits in

producon risers, subsea e-backs, or any

other producon tubular or transportaon

pipeline.

FAS products are wax crystal modiers that

prevent paran formaon by interfering

with the bonding of aliphac wax molecules.

Composed of branched chain polymers, these

modiers bond to the wax crystal lace at an

acve growing site but prevent further growth

and interfere with deposion by disrupng

the lace structure.Although the parans remain unstable in

soluon, they are prevented from growing

crystals of adequate size to block producon

lines; hence producon is not impeded even

for temperatures below the wax appearance

temperature (WAT).

FAS wax crystal modiers are applied

connuously in the producon stream for

uninterrupted paran control.

In pumping wells with low to moderate

uid levels, frequent batch treatments canapproximate a connuous injecon treatment.

Similarly, a connuous supply of chemical can

be provided by feedback from a formaon

squeeze treatment.

Customized FAS Response

Proper treang recommendaons for cost-

eecve paran control are complicated

by dierences in produced water and oil

characteriscs, variaons in system operang

condions and the wide variety of treatment

chemicals available for use.

Selecon of the proper chemical and treang

method, parcularly for connuous injecon

or squeeze applicaons with crystal modiers,

should be based on laboratory and eld-tesng.

Equally important is expert analysis to quickly

determine the key treatment parameters

and select the appropriate paran control

formulaon. Once selected and applied, FAS

monitors the treatment program to maintaineecveness and avoid reoccurring problems.

Flow Assurance Soluons industry-leading

capabilies in tailored eld service and

project-specic product formulaon make FAS

products a highly eecve, economic soluon

for prevenon of paran wax deposits.

Contact us to discuss how we can help.

Technology Soluons for

Paran Control and Asphaltene

Inhibitors in the Oil eld

- Paran and Asphaltene

Dispersants and Solvents.

Prevent Producon System Shut Down

Parans and asphaltenes are commonly-

occurring components of crude oils, which

have the potenal to seriously interfere with

producon and in many cases, shut it down

enrely.

Asphaltenes are large aromac agglomerates

composed primarily of heterocyclic rings. Heldin soluon in crude oil by naturally occurring

petroleum resins that adhere to the outer

surface of the asphaltene agglomerate, they

will precipitate and deposit in your producon

system in locaons where pressure drops

allow the resins to desorb.

Parans are saturated hydrocarbon waxes

that will precipitate and deposit in areas

where your producon systems temperature

falls below the solubility temperature of the

parans, known as the Wax Appearance

Temperature (WAT). Like asphaltenes,parans can block a producon system and

completely stop producon.


3/4

In locaons where parans or asphaltenes

have already deposited in a system, remedial

treatment is necessary for their removal. FAS

line of paran and asphaltene dispersants

and solvents oer the capability to remove

these deposits and restore a producon

system to its designed capacity.

FAS solvents remove paran and asphaltene

deposits when used in batch treatments bysimply dissolving the deposits, while FAS

dispersants contain oil soluble surfactants that

break up the paran or asphaltene deposit

and disperse it in the oil.

While FAS products can be used in connuous

injecon applicaons to control deposion of

waxes and asphaltenes, the normal procedure

is to remove exisng deposits through batch

treatment. The volume of chemical and

frequency of treatment required for batch

treatments will depend primarily on the

severity of the problem.Once exisng paran and asphaltene

deposits are removed, connuous injecon

treatment provides a cost-eecve approach

to maintaining a system with no producon-

inhibing deposits.

Proper treang recommendaons for cost-

eecve control of parans and asphaltenes

are complicated by the dierences in

characteriscs of the produced oil, variaons

in system operang condions and the wide

variety of chemicals available for use.

Selecon of the proper chemical and treang

method should be based on laboratory and

eld-tesng. FAS focus on custom-tailored

product formulaon and project-specic eld

service makes FAS products the go-to tool for

removal of paran and asphaltene deposits,

restoring the producon capacity of the

customers assets and enhancing their boom

line. Contact us to discuss how we can help.

Technology Soluon Foamers

and Foam ControlFAS t-for-purpose foaming products are

specially designed to unload water from gas wells

or pipelines. Dewatering is achieved reliably and

eciently to restore and enhance producon.

Using a series of FAS products and FAS

predicve modeling for candidate selecon

and job design, FAS experts can provide

eecve, economic answers for increasing

prots from declining gas wells.

Foaming versus Mechanical Unloading

Foaming is a fast, economic soluon for

relieving the hydrostac head created by

an increased water column in mature wells.This liquid loading, which can severely

aect producvity or even kill the well, is

convenonally migated by mechanical

methods such as swabbing, plunger-li, or

even blowing the well to a surface pit to

remove water.

But equipment delays and stricter

environmental regulaons, coupled with

a desire to sell gas rather than vent it to

the atmosphere while blowing the well,

increasingly make mechanical soluons a

problemac choice.

Foaming methodologies provided by FAS oer

a more eecve soluon for enhancing gas

producon.

Well Candidate and Foamer Selecon

Developing a FAS dewatering soluon begins

with understand the condion of each well.

Using FAS predicve modeling tool, FAS

experts use this informaon to select the

best candidates wells for foamer applicaons,

so that wells with the greatest potenal are

treated rst.

The FAS model is especially crical when

using capillary strings to deploy foamer or

other chemicals into a gas well. It is very

important to understand the condions at

every level in the well so that the problem is

fully understood prior to product selecon,

applicaon design and creaon of a

monitoring program.

Once candidate wells have been determined,

well uids are obtained to guide product

selecon. FAS experts evaluate and selectproducts in the eld using wellhead gas,

produced brine and condensate. Contact us to

discuss how we can help.


4/4

EDN WORLDWIDE REACH

Further informaon:

Australia, Europe, Middle East, Asia

PO Box 7331

Cloisters Square Perth WA 6000

M: +61 (0)408 444 556

E: [email protected]

W: www.fas.com.au

PROBLEM

SOLVIN

G

PREVENTION

PREDICTION

MONITORING

Documents

FAS Wax Information Sheet