Peter LittlewoodExecutive ChairPeter.littlewood@faraday.ac.uk

28 February 2018

Faraday’s Challenge –Electrochemical energy storage

1799: The Voltaic Pile enables the development of modern electrical science

Faraday museum, Royal Institution

http://www.rigb.org/our-history/iconic-objects/iconic-objects-list/voltaic-pile

Voltaic pile presented by Volta

to Michael Faraday, 1815

By the mid 19th century we had the electric motor, the dynamo, the theory of electromagnetism, and the foundations for relativity theory

Electric vehicles circa 1900

Electricity is the thing. There are no whirring and grinding gears with their numerous levers to confuse, no dangerous and evil-smelling gasoline and no noise.Thomas Edison

3Image: Library of Congress

Electrical Storage is Key

• Energy storage is the technology that enables the electrified economy

• Personal electronics

• Cars, Buses, Light Trucks

• Renewables, electrical grid

• Planes

• Digital/electrical convergence

• Technology is still immature

• Stretch goals: 400 Wh/kg; 5 min charging; <100$/kWh; recyclability; cycle life; …

• Imminent transition in automotive sector

The Battery Challenge

• Market – lithium-ion batteries

already a $30B business- Improving at few percent per annum

- Can we do this faster?

• Laggard technology - Few % of theoretical capacity; (lighting

~80%, solar PV ~30%)

- Can we do this much better?

• Scale – To back up US for 12 hours takes:

- 9x annual energy production of the Hoover Dam

- 1,000x the annual production of Li-ion batteries

- Can we do this at scale?

• Impact – an efficient battery is a bank for

electrons

- Can we make energy a currency?

The UK car industry at a crossroads

Today

• 800k jobs• 25% of Europe’s electric

vehicles and hybrids• £25bn of exports

Huge opportunity

• Safeguard and increase jobs• 1.4m electric and hybrid cars

manufactured in UK p.a.• Exports increase to £29bn• Save 40,000 lives from NOx air pollution

and deliver CO2 targets from transport

Massive risk

• 10,000s of job loses• Production moves to Eastern Europe and

lose electric vehicle lead• Exports fall and imports increase• UK is destination for imported dirty diesels

that others don’t want – deaths continue

2030

or

Installed capacity of modern renewables*

Source: Renewables 2017 Global Status Report, (Paris: REN21 Secretariat).ISBN 978-3-9818107-6-9

140 GW capacity installed in 20169% increase over 2015

* Not including hydropower

Estimated Renewable Energy Share of Total Final Energy Consumption, 2015

Source: Renewables 2017 Global Status Report, (Paris: REN21 Secretariat).ISBN 978-3-9818107-6-9

Baseline Investment for Mission Innovation Clean Energy R&D

$14.864 BillionDeclared in June 2016

by 22 nations + EUUSA

China

EU

Germany

France

S KoreaJapan

Source: http://mission-innovation.net/our-work/baseline-and-doubling-plans/

CanadaUK

The Faraday Institution

• Independent, National, Virtual Laboratory for Energy Storage in the UK – funded by 1/3 of 250M Faraday Battery Challenge

• Focused, substantial, and managed research projects in areas defined by industry and delivered by consortia• success defined by outcomes – 42M funding awarded to 4 projects

• Training for the next generation of battery scientists and engineers• 4 projects will support 98 postdocs, ~100 PhD students

• outreach to diversify STEM community

• Facilitate transition to market• supporting IP, business development, entrepreneurship and commercialisation

• International portal for UK science and technology in electrical storage

13

A B O U T T H E R E S E A R C H P R O J E C T S

Battery Degradation Multi-Scale Modelling

Battery Recycling Solid State Batteries

10%20%

30%

Higher energy & power density storage

Creating a sustainableIndustry & circular

economy in batteries

Better battery management

Longer life batteries & higher EV range

Four Initial Projects – £42M new funding

14

Battery Degradation

A B O U T T H E P R O J E C T S

To relate external stimuli and stresses (high temperature, charging rates) to physical and

chemical processes that cause degradation of performance inside the battery, and to develop solutions to this through materials and systems

design.

Partner universities: Cambridge, Glasgow, Imperial College, Liverpool,

Manchester, Newcastle, Southampton, Strathclyde, University College,

Warwick+ 10 industry partners

15

Multi-scale Modelling

A B O U T T H E P R O J E C T S

To predict accurate performance, from materials to packs, for existing and future battery systems, where multiscale modelling can be then used to extend the

lifetime and performance of batteries.

Partner universities: Imperial College, Bath, Lancaster, Oxford, Southampton,

University College, Warwick+ 17 industry partners

16

Battery Recycling

A B O U T T H E P R O J E C T S

To facilitate a circular economy in lithium-ion batteries, tackling the most demanding

technical and socio-economic challenges in sensing, gateway testing, sorting, re-use and

recycling 100% of a battery pack.Partner universities: Birmingham, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Leicester, Liverpool, Newcastle, Oxford Brookes, STFC+ 14 industry partners

17

Solid State Batteries

A B O U T T H E P R O J E C T S

To understand the basic science of solid-electrolyte / solid-electrode interfaces, and demonstrate the viability of a high energy

density all solid state battery, with energy and power densities superior to Li-ion technology.

Partner universities: Oxford, Cambridge, Glasgow, Liverpool, St.

Andrews, Strathclyde, University College

+ 10 industry partners

18

A B O U T T H E R E S E A R C H P R O J E C T S

Battery Degradation Multi-Scale Modelling Battery Recycling

Solid State Batteries

10%20%

30%

Four Initial Projects – £42M new funding

20 Universities, > 25 Industry partnersSupporting > 90 postdoctoral fellows; ~100 PhD studentships (including matching support)Integrated training program and professional development to connect to industryFlexible management and redirection – fail quickly and try something new

Next

RD&D: Further community consultation – regional workshops over the next few monthsNew topics beyond current portfolio? e.g. vehicle to grid, grid storage, fuel cells,

energy conversionTechno-economic analysis and support of policyInfrastructure review

Next call for large proposals in autumn 2018 for starts in April 2019People: Support for CDT’s and training – not just PhD scientists but a national curriculum

Entrepreneurial fellowships

www.faraday.ac.uk

Commercial and policy needs will continue to be the primary drivers of FI’s agenda