FAR CULTIVAR EVALUATION 2010/2011

F O U N D AT I O N F O R A R A B L E R E S E A R C H

spring sown wheat and barley

2010/2011FA

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page

1contents

introduction & welcome 3

WINTER/SPRING SoWN WhEaT

2010/2011 trial site location map 4

2010/2011 trial site details 4

agronomic comment 6

cultivar evaluation - 2010/2011 season:

– yields (t/ha) 7

– grain quality data – by region 8

cultivar evaluation – 4 year adjusted mean - relative yield by site 9

cultivar descriptions 10

WINTER/SPRING SoWN baRlEy

2010/2011 trial site location map 15

2010/2011 trial site details 15

agronomic comment 17

cultivar evaluation - 2010/2011 season:

– yields (t/ha) 18

– grain quality data – by region 19

cultivar evaluation – 4 year adjusted mean - relative yield by site 21

cultivar descriptions 22

sowing date guidelines 33

sowing rate calculation 34

seed quality and seed treatments 36

glossary of terms 38

paddock sowing record 39

acknowledgements 40

page

page

2 notes

page

3

The FAR cultivar evaluation booklet continues to highlight the performance of new cultivars entering the industry. There are five new feed barley cultivars in the spring barley trials this year. Of these Summit and NFC406-112 are showing above average yields. Jimpy, a newer malting cultivar is consistently out yielding the competition and has gained a significant place in the market.

Overall spring barley yields for 2010-11 were close to the 4 year mean in the southern North Island (7.3 t/ha) and Southland (8.9 t/ha). However, the yield in Canterbury was back on the 4 year mean at 6.9 t/ha compared with 7.5 t/ha reflecting the hot and dry season.

introduction and welcomeThree of the new milling wheats Majestic, CRWT151 and CRWT161 appear promising with above average yields and good grain quality characteristics.

One of the regular trial sites (Chatton spring wheat) is not reported due to bird damage.

FAR welcomes any queries or suggestions to further improve these booklets, or if you require any additional information that we have not included please contact us.

Rob CraigieCereals Project Manager

© This publication is copyright to the Foundation for Arable Research and may not be reproduced or copied in any form without written permission from FAR.

This document is intended to provide accurate and adequate information relating to the subject matter contained in it. It has been prepared and made available to all persons and entities, strictly on the basis that FAR, its researchers and authors are fully excluded from liability for damages arising out of any reliance in part, or in full, upon any of the information for any purpose. No endorsement of named products is intended, nor is any criticism of other alternative, but unnamed products.

page

4

CHERTSEY

KAIRANGA

Kairanga silt loam, DrylandTrial operator: Kevin Sinclair, Plant & Food ResearchHost farmer: Brian Saunders

The trial established well after planting in a crop of Raffles on 23 October 2010 following pasture. The trial received 195 kg N/ha in three applications, one pre sowing. The herbicide programme consisted of an application of Glean and Agritone in November and Puma S in December. There were two fungicide applications using Proline on the first application in November and an Amistar/Proline combination for the second application in December. The trial had good establishment and received good rainfall over the summer. The trial was harvested on 3 March 2011.

DARFIELD

Templeton silt loam, IrrigatedTrial operator: Ross Hanson, Plant & Food ResearchHost farmer: Cameron Adams

On 3 August 2010, the trial was sown into a paddock of Saracen following a season of peas and wheat. A total of 185 kg N/ha was applied over the season in three applications. Two herbicide applications were completed using a Trimec/Quantum combination and MCPA. Karate aphicide was applied twice in October and a fungicide programme including Stellar and Amistar covered two applications. A PGR application was made in October. The trial received a total of 180 mm of irrigation in four split applications. The trial established well but succumbed to some wind damage. It was harvested on 10 February 2011.

METHVEN

Lyndhurst silt loam, DrylandTrial operator: Gerrard Pile, Plant & Food ResearchHost farmer: Ross Richards

The trial was sown in a crop of Conquest on 3 August 2010. Previously, the paddock was in radish following barley. This trial received 96 kg N/ha in two applications, one pre drilling. Cougar and Glean were applied in October to control weeds. The aphicide Mavrik was applied in October and the fungicide Accuro was applied in October. The trial was harvested on 20 February 2011.

wheat - trial site details

KAIRANGA

METHVEN

WAKANUI

2010/2011 trial site location map

CHATTON

DARFIELD

page

5

WAKANUI

Wakanui silt loam, Irrigated Trial operator: Gerrard Pile,PGG Wrightson SeedsHost farmer: Eric Watson

Sown in a surrounding crop of Conquest on 14 September 2010, this trial followed ryegrass. A total of 290 kg N/ha was applied over the season in four applications. Four herbicide applications were completed using Othello, Starane, Escort, and Harmony. Karate and Pirimor insecticides were applied in October and December respectively. A fungicide programme including Opus, Opus Team and Amistar covered two applications. A PGR was also applied in November. The trial received 270 mm of irrigation in eight applications. The trial was harvested on 3 March 2011.

CHATTON

Jacobstown silt loam, DrylandTrial operator: Stewart Armstrong, Plant & Food ResearchHost farmer: Graeme Gardyne

Abandoned due to extensive bird damage.

page

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page

8 wheat - 2010/2011 grain qualitySpring Sown Wheat Grain Quality Data 2010/2011 SeasonSouthern North Island

Canterbury

CULTIVAR T.G.W. (g)Test Weight

(kg/hl)Protein (%)(N% x 5.7)

Screenings (%)

Falling No. (seconds)

Conquest 41 72 14.0 4.8 405

Majestic (CRWT139) 41 74 12.9 6.4 375

Morph 41 68 12.5 4.6 368

Raffles 47 73 12.8 4.7 419

Sage 48 71 14.3 4.0 370

Saracen 44 73 12.4 4.3 383

Torlesse 39 72 12.8 4.0 374

CRWT151 42 76 13.1 5.2 411

CRWT161 52 74 13.5 3.3 396

KSW083 45 75 13.4 3.9 374

Mean 44 73 13.2 4.5 387

LSD 5% 4 4 0.5 2.9 37

The quality data for each region is also presented as a 4 year mean on the individual cultivar description pages.

* No LSD available since only one site in the North Island, therefore only one data value per cultivar.

CULTIVAR T.G.W. (g)Test Weight

(kg/hl)Protein (%)(N% x 5.7)

Screenings (%)

Falling No. (seconds)

Conquest 40 76 14.4 1.9 381

Majestic (CRWT139) 39 74 13.2 5.4 328

Morph 36 61 13.1 3.6 333

Raffles 46 73 12.1 1.3 312

Sage 51 75 13.7 1.2 305

Saracen 38 68 12.8 5.6 291

Torlesse 38 73 12.4 2.4 321

CRWT151 44 79 13.4 1.2 358

CRWT161 47 69 13.5 1.1 372

KSW083 48 78 12.7 0.5 337

Mean 43 73 13.1 2.4 334

LSD 5%* - - - - -

page

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page

10

CONQUEST YEAR 8

IRRIGATION RESPONSE (Canterbury rel yield)

Dryland sites (4 year) 96Irrigated site (4 year) 93

DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV Moderately susceptibleSeptoria leaf blotch Moderately resistantStripe rust Moderately resistantLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleFusarium head blight Moderately susceptible

FIELD CHARACTERISTICS

Straw strength Moderate-stiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Early-intermediateSprouting risk Low

GRAIN QUALITY (4 year means) Sth Nth Is Canty Sthld

TGW (g) 42 41 44Test weight (kg/hl) 77 76 77Protein (%) (N% x 5.7) 14.1 13.2 12.2Falling number (sec) 346 366 347Screenings (%) 1.8 1.9 0.9

END USE Premium bread

BACKGROUND

Breeder Plant & Food ResearchAgent Luisetti Seeds

This below average yielding premium bread cultivar produces strong straw and excellent sprout resistance. Relative to other varieties better performance at dryland sites. Conquest has become moderately susceptible to a new pathotype of leaf rust. It produces high test weights, low screenings and very high proteins and falling numbers but has low grain weights.

RELATIVE YIELDS – 4 year adjusted mean (% of site mean yield)

Note: Darfield is a 3 year mean and Chatton is a 2 year mean

wheat cultivar descriptions

MAJESTIC (CRWT139) YEAR 1



DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV UnknownSeptoria leaf blotch Moderately resistantStripe rust Mostly resistantLeaf rust Mostly resistantPowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleFusarium head blight Unknown


Straw strength StiffCrop height Short-moderateMaturity Intermediate-lateSprouting risk Moderate


TGW (g) 41 42 -Test weight (kg/hl) 76 78 -Protein (%) (N% x 5.7) 13.1 12.0 -Falling number (sec) 318 332 -Screenings (%) 5.5 4.1 -

END USE Bread

BACKGROUND


Majestic is an above average yielding milling wheat in its second year of CPT2 trials. It yielded higher on dryland sites. It has good all round disease resistance, however is moderately susceptible to powdery mildew. Low thousand grain weight but high test weight. It has a high screening percentage.



Kairanga

Darfield

Methven

Wakanui

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

Kairanga

Darfield

Methven

Wakanui

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

96

92

95

94

92

108

104

108

98

99

113

105

103

103

104

93

100

106

99

Kairanga

Darfield

Methven

Wakanui

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

Kairanga

Darfield

Methven

Wakanui

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

page

11

MORPH YEAR 10



DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV Moderately susceptibleSeptoria leaf blotch Moderately susceptibleStripe rust Mostly resistantLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew ResistantFusarium head blight Moderately resistant


Straw strength Weak-moderateCrop height ModerateMaturity IntermediateSprouting risk Low-moderate



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder Nickerson International Research, UKAgent PGG Wrightson Grain

High yielding feed cultivar best sown June-August with relatively better performance on the irrigated sites. Low-moderate sprouting susceptibility. Moderate susceptibility to leaf rust and Septoria leaf blotch but mostly resistant to stripe rust.



RAFFLES YEAR 8



DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV Moderately susceptibleSeptoria leaf blotch Moderately resistantStripe rust Mostly susceptibleLeaf rust Mostly susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately resistantFusarium head blight Moderately susceptible


Straw strength ModerateCrop height TallMaturity IntermediateSprouting risk Low



END USE Feed, gristing

BACKGROUND

Breeder KWS, UKAgent Canterbury Seed Co Ltd

Intermediate maturing feed and gristing cultivar with average yields on dryland and irrigated sites. High grain weight, with low sprouting risk and a notably high falling number. Monitor for fusarium head blight, stripe and leaf rust.



99

113

105

103

103

104

93

100

106

99

Kairanga

Darfield

Methven

Wakanui

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

Kairanga

Darfield

Methven

Wakanui

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

page

12 wheat cultivar descriptions

SAGE YEAR 5



DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV UnknownSeptoria leaf blotch Moderately resistantStripe rust Mostly susceptibleLeaf rust Moderately resistantPowdery mildew Mostly resistantFusarium head blight Moderately resistant


Straw strength Weak-moderateCrop height TallMaturity Intermediate-lateSprouting risk Low



END USE Bread

BACKGROUND

Breeder RAGT, UKAgent PGG Wrightson Grain

Average yielding bread wheat cultivar. Moderately resistant to disease with the exception of stripe rust. Longer straw with weak to moderate straw strength and needs a robust PGR programme. Sage produces a high grain weight and proteins.


SARACEN YEAR 1

IRRIGATION RESPONSE (Canterbury)

Dryland sites (4 year mean) 114Irrigated site (4 year mean) 104

DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV UnknownSeptoria leaf blotch Moderately resistantStripe rust Moderately resistantLeaf rust Mostly susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleFusarium head blight Moderately susceptible


Straw strength StiffCrop height ShortMaturity IntermediateSprouting risk Low



END USE Bread

BACKGROUND


In its third year in the CPT trials, this milling wheat has given higher yields than Conquest particularly on dryland sites. Monitor for leaf rust, powdery mildew and fusarium head blight. Saracen has excellent straw strength and low sprouting risk. Mostly average grain quality characteristics apart from a lower than average protein content.


Kairanga

Darfield

Methven

Wakanui

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

Kairanga

Darfield

Methven

Wakanui

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

103

101

91

100

112

98

110

113

98

Kairanga

Darfield

Methven

Wakanui

Chatton

Note: Darfield is a 3 year mean and Chatton is a 2 year mean Note: Darfield is a 3 year mean and Chatton is a 2 year mean

page

13

CRWT151 YEAR 1



DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV UnknownSeptoria leaf blotch Moderately susceptibleStripe rust Moderately susceptibleLeaf rust Moderately resistantPowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleFusarium head blight Unknown


Straw strength StiffCrop height ShortMaturity IntermediateSprouting risk Low



END USE Bread

BACKGROUND


High yielding milling wheat particularly on irrigated sites. Moderate resistance to leaf rust but needs to be monitored for all other foliar diseases. It has a high test weight and falling number.


TORLESSE YEAR 9



DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV SusceptibleSeptoria leaf blotch Mostly susceptibleStripe rust Moderately susceptibleLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Mostly resistantFusarium head blight Moderately susceptible


Straw strength StiffCrop height Short-moderateMaturity IntermediateSprouting risk Moderate-high



END USE Bread

BACKGROUND

Breeder PGG Wrightson SeedsAgent PGG Wrightson Seeds

Below average yielding New Zealand bred, stiff strawed bread cultivar. Moderately susceptible to both leaf and stripe rust as well as Septoria leaf blotch when early sown. Low thousand grain weight.


Kairanga

Darfield

Methven

Wakanui

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

Kairanga

Darfield

Methven

Wakanui

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

89

99

99

92

94

102

112

103

105

Note: Darfield is a 3 year mean and Chatton is a 2 year mean Note: Darfield is a 3 year mean and Chatton is a 2 year mean

page

14 wheat cultivar descriptions

CRWT161 YEAR 1



DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV UnknownSeptoria leaf blotch UnknownStripe rust Moderately resistantLeaf rust UnknownPowdery mildew Moderately resistantFusarium head blight Unknown


Straw strength StiffCrop height Short-moderateMaturity LateSprouting risk Low



END USE Bread

BACKGROUND


Above average yielding milling cultivar with a stiff straw strength and low sprouting risk. Moderately resistant to stripe rust and powdery mildew. High thousand grain weight and low screenings.



KSW083 YEAR 1



DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV UnknownSeptoria leaf blotch UnknownStripe rust Moderately resistantLeaf rust UnknownPowdery mildew Moderately resistantFusarium head blight Unknown


Straw strength StiffCrop height ModerateMaturity EarlySprouting risk Low



END USE Bread

BACKGROUND

Breeder PGG Wrightson GrainAgent PGG Wrightson Grain

KSW083 is a bread cultivar which was low yielding in its first year of CPT trials. It has moderate resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew. High test weights.



Kairanga

Darfield

Methven

Wakanui

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

Kairanga

Darfield

Methven

Wakanui

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

102

100

109

99

99

75

77

105

page

15

CHERTSEY

barley - trial site details

MARTON

Kiwitea silt loam, DrylandTrial operator: Kevin Sinclair, Plant & Food ResearchHost farmer: Murray and Doug Knox

The trial was sown on 3 November 2010 into a field of Fairview following barley after pasture. A total of 64 kg N/ha was applied during the season, one application at sowing and the other in December at GS37. In late November the trial received an application of the herbicide Combine. The fungicide programme consisted of a Proline and Acanto combination in December and Fandango in early January. The trial had good establishment with good rainfall over the summer after a dry late spring. The crop was harvested on 15 February 2011.

WANGANUI

Marton clay loam, DrylandTrial operator: Kevin Sinclair, Plant & Food Research Host farmer: Paul Mackintosh

The trial was sown on 29 October 2010 into a field of Putney following pasture. The trial received a total of 90 kg N/ha. Agritone and Escort herbicides were applied in November and the aphicide Karate Zeon was applied twice in November. Fandango fungicide was also applied twice in December. The trial was sown in dry conditions however a good establishment was achieved. The crop was harvested on 14 February 2011.

CUST

Pahau silt loam, IrrigatedTrial operator: Matt Hicks,Cropmark Seeds LtdHost farmer: Murray Taggart

The trial was sown on 23 September 2010 into a field of Tavern following barley. A total of 190 kg N/ha was applied in three separate applications. The fungicide programme consisted of two applications, the first was Proline and the second was a combination of Proline and Acanto. Two herbicide applications were made, Glean (GS13) and Answer (GS49). The crop received two doses of plant growth regulator (The trial had good establishment). The trial received irrigation when available, but was still noted to be under a degree of stress in late December. The crop was harvested on the 1 March 2011.

DUNSANDEL

Templeton silt loam, IrrigatedTrial operator: Matt Hicks,Cropmark Seeds LtdHost farmer: Nigel Barnett

Sown on 24 September 2010 in a surrounding paddock of Flora, following wheat, this trial received a total of 30 kg N/ha. An Affinity/ Maestro/Glean herbicide combination was applied in early November with the aphicide Karate, followed with a Twinax/Adigor herbicide combination later in the month. The aphicide

2010/2011 trial site location map

ST ANDREWS

BALFOUR

SEAFIELD

CHATTON

DUNSANDEL

CUST

MARTONWANGANUI

METHVEN

page

16 barley - trial site detailsAlign was also added to this late November application. The fungicide Mogul was applied once to the trial. A total of 120mm of irrigation was applied in three applications. The trial was exposed to severe North West winds in late December. The trial was harvested on 10 February 2011.

METHVEN

Gorge silt loam, DrylandTrial operator: John van den Bosch,PGG Wrightson Seeds Host farmer: Richard Maw

The trial was sown on 20 September 2010 into a field of Oxbridge following green feed oats after wheat. A total of 130 kg N/ha was applied over the season in three applications. A Trimec/Starane Xtra/Quantum herbicide combination was applied in November. The trial also received an application of the aphicide Karate (November) and the fungicide Proline (December). The trial established well and was harvested on 16 February 2011.

SEAFIELD

Templeton silt loam, IrrigatedTrial operator: Ross Hanson,Plant & Food ResearchHost farmer: Ross Duncan

The trial was sown on 17 August 2010 into a field of Fairview following pasture. A total of 64 kg N/ha was applied on two separate occasions; one pre-plough and the other in October. The herbicide programme included one application of the combination Gardoprim/Cougar/Centric. The trial received a single application of Chlor-P aphicide. Three fungicide applications were made over the season, Accuro/ Protek in November followed with an application of impulse and an Impulse/Accuro application in December. Trexel and Cycocel PGRs were applied to the crop in November. A total of 350 mm irrigation was applied accompanying approximately 280 mm of rain over the season. The trial was harvested on 2 February 2011.

ST ANDREWS

Claremont silt loam, DrylandTrial operator: Ross Hanson, Plant & Food ResearchHost farmer: Ross Rathgen

The trial was sown on 30 September 2010 into a field of Doyen following cocksfoot. A total of 160 kg N/ha was applied in three split applications. An Affinity Force/Trimec herbicide combination was applied in November followed with Twinax in December. The aphicide Karate was applied in November. Fandango was applied early December followed with Proline and Acanto fungicides applied late December. The trial was low yielding and harvested on 5 March 2011.

BALFOUR

Kaweku silt loam, DrylandTrial operator: Stewart Armstrong,Plant and Food ResearchHost farmer: Steve Wilkins

The trial was sown on 8 October 2010 into a field of Quench following barley. A total of 166 kg N/ha was applied in November in two split applications. A herbicide mix was applied to the trial in November (Trimec, Glean & Twinax). Two fungicide applications were made over the season, the first was Proline and the second was a Proline-Acanto combination. No insecticide was applied. The crop was harvested on the 21 March 2011.

CHATTON

Waikoikoi silt loam, DrylandTrial operator: Matthew Hicks, Cropmark Seeds LtdHost farmer: John Gardyne

This trial was sown on 16 October 2010 in a surrounding paddock of Tavern, following barley. The trial received 336 kg N/ha over the season in three applications. In November, the trial received two herbicide applications. The first included a terbuthylazine, Starane and Meturon; the second included Glean and Twinax. The fungicide programme consisted of three applications consisting of Proline and Acanto. One PGR application was made in December. The trial was harvested on 24 March 2011.

page

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page

18S

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page

19barley - 2010/2011 grain qualitySpring Sown barley Grain Quality Data 2010/2011 SeasonSouthern North Island

- C

ultiv

ar n

ot in

clud

ed in

tha

t p

artic

ular

tria

l.

CULTIVAR T.G.W. (g) Test Weight (kg/hl)Protein (%)(N% x 6.25)

Screenings (%)

Booma (CRBA125) 45 62 11.0 5.5Bumpa 53 62 10.9 2.8Cask 46 61 11.2 11.6Classique 51 62 11.6 2.8County 55 63 11.7 1.8Dash 46 60 11.1 7.4Doyen 52 62 11.3 5.1Eiffelton 49 63 11.5 3.5Fairview 46 59 11.2 6.4Flora 53 62 10.6 2.8Jimpy 49 62 11.3 2.5Jolika 51 60 11.1 2.3Putney 53 62 11.2 4.3Quench 48 62 11.2 3.0Snakebite 54 61 11.7 2.0Summit 50 62 11.0 3.8Tavern 50 63 11.6 2.5CRBA124 48 60 10.5 6.0H1066-27 48 58 11.4 4.2NFC406-112 50 62 10.7 3.5NFC406-128 52 59 11.1 4.5Mean 50 61 11.2 4.2LSD 5% 3 1 0.6 3.7

The quality data for each region is also presented as a 4 year mean on the individual cultivar description pages.

page

20


Screenings (%)

Booma 50 61 11.1 2.4Bumpa 60 61 11.1 1.3Classique 56 62 11.3 1.4County 55 59 11.9 3.1Dash 50 60 11.5 2.3Doyen 59 62 11.7 1.4Flora 60 60 10.4 0.9Jolika 58 60 11.3 0.7Oxbridge 57 63 11.4 0.8Quench 54 61 11.5 1.5Snakebite 60 62 11.5 0.9Summit 54 57 11.2 2.5Tavern 55 64 10.7 1.1CRBA124 57 60 10.9 1.4NFC406-112 58 62 10.9 1.4NFC406-128 62 60 11.6 1.7Mean 57 61 11.3 1.6LSD 5% 3 3 0.8 1.3

barley - 2010/2011 grain quality

Southland

Canterbury


Screenings (%)

Booma (CRBA125) 46 64 10.4 4.5Bumpa 53 62 10.4 2.1Classique 52 62 10.7 4.5County 54 64 10.7 1.7Dash 46 62 11.0 5.6Doyen 53 64 10.4 1.5Eiffelton 52 63 10.9 1.9Fairview 50 63 10.9 2.6Flora 52 60 9.9 4.0Jimpy 50 63 10.3 3.7Jolika 55 61 10.2 1.1Oxbridge 51 63 10.7 1.5Quench 51 62 10.5 2.6Snakebite 53 63 10.6 1.3Summit 51 62 9.9 3.8Tavern 51 64 10.4 2.1CRBA124 49 62 10.0 2.9H1066-27 52 61 10.9 1.6NFC406-112 50 62 10.2 3.7NFC406-128 53 59 10.6 3.5Mean 51 62 10.5 2.8LSD 5% 2 2 0.5 2.7

page

21barley - 4 year adjusted meanS

pri

ng S

ow

n b

arle

y -

4 ye

ar a

dju

sted

mea

n -

rela

tive

yiel

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y si

te

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LTIV

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ton

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page

22 barley cultivar descriptions



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately resistantPowdery mildew UnknownBYDV Mostly resistantRamularia leaf spot Unknown


Straw strength ModerateCrop height Moderate-tallMaturity Early-intermediate


TGW (g) 53 54 56Test weight (kg/hl) 64 64 62Protein (%) (N% x 6.25) 10.7 11.4 12.1Screenings (%) 1.9 1.4 1.4

END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder SejetHead Licensee Plant & Food ResearchAgent Luisetti Seeds

BUMPA YEAR 4

Above average yielding cultivar in Canterbury and the Southern North Island with high yields on Canterbury dryland sites. Bumpa is moderately resistant to leaf rust and net blotch, but moderately susceptible to scald. Large grain size.




DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately resistantBYDV UnknownRamularia leaf spot Unknown





END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder SejetHead Licensee Plant & Food ResearchAgent Luisetti Seeds

BOOMA (CRBA125) YEAR 3

In its third year of CPT2 trials Booma has yielded above average, with high yields on Canterbury irrigated trial sites. The cultivar has shown moderate susceptibility to leaf rust and scald but moderate resistance to net blotch and powdery mildew. Low thousand grain weights but good test weights.


WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven

St AndrewsChattonBalfour

75 85 95 105 115 125

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

104 103 106 104 107 106 102 95 105

106 101 102 100 104 104 109 96 98

Note: Cust, Methven and Balfour are 3 year means Note: Cust, Methven and Balfour are 3 year means

page

23


Dryland sites (4 year) -Irrigated site (4 year) -

DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust SusceptiblePowdery mildew SusceptibleBYDV Moderately susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength Moderate-stiffCrop height Short-moderateMaturity Early


TGW (g) 47 - -Test weight (kg/hl) 64 - -Protein (%) (N% x 6.25) 11.9 - -Screenings (%) 6.0 - -

END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder New Farm Crops, UKHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent Various

CASK YEAR 13

Only tested in the southern North Island where it has given average yields. Early maturity assists with later sowings. Disease susceptible cultivar with high screenings.


WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Rakaia Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately resistantNet form of net blotch UnknownSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately resistantPowdery mildew Mostly resistantBYDV UnknownRamularia leaf spot Unknown


Straw strength Weak-moderateCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder Head Licensee Canterbury Seeds LtdAgent

Classique is a German cultivar which has yielded below average in Canterbury and the southern North Island with average yields in Southland. Good resistance to scald, powdery mildew and leaf rust. High thousand grain weight.


CLASSIQUE YEAR 1

100 100

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

98 97 89 103 97 93 91 96 105

Note: Cust, Methven and Balfour are 3 year means

page

24



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately resistantPowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleBYDV Mostly susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength StiffCrop height ShortMaturity Early



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder New Farm Crops, UKHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent PGG Wrightson Grain

DASH YEAR 15

Well proven early maturing feed cultivar with above average yields on dryland sites. It has moderate susceptibility to scald, mildew and ramularia but moderate resistance to leaf rust. In terms of standing power, it has excellent straw strength and relatively short straw.


barley cultivar descriptions



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleSpot form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleLeaf rust Moderately resistantPowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleBYDV Mostly susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength Moderate-stiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate-late



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder New Farm Crops, UKHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent PGG Wrightson Seeds

COUNTY YEAR 9

Average yielding feed variety on both dryland and irrigated sites. The variety has variable disease resistance being moderately susceptible to scald, net blotch and Ramularia, it is however moderately resistant to leaf rust. In terms of standing power, it has good straw strength and moderate straw height.RELATIVE YIELDS – 4 year adjusted mean (% of site mean yield)


101 98 97 102 98 100 101 96 96

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

100 97 98 95 97 102 104 99 97


page

25



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Mostly susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleBYDV Moderately susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength StiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate-late



END USE FeedBACKGROUND Breeder New Farm Crops, UKHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent Luisetti Seeds, Seed Production, Central Grain & Seed

DOYEN YEAR 7

Average yielding feed barley. It has stiff straw strength with sound disease resistance against net blotch though moderately susceptible to leaf rust, mildew and ramularia and mostly susceptible to scald. Large grain weight.




DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Mostly susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Mostly resistantBYDV Moderately resistantRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength ModerateCrop height Moderate-tallMaturity Intermediate


TGW (g) 52 52 -Test weight (kg/hl) 64 64 -Protein (%) (N% x 6.25) 12.0 12.5 -Screenings (%) 2.2 1.1 -

END USE Malting

BACKGROUND

Breeder MalteuropHead Licensee MalteuropAgent Malteurop

EIFFELTON (H97043-37) YEAR 6

Below average yielding malting barley cultivar. Moderately susceptible to disease with the exception of powdery mildew. Good grain weight and low screenings %.


WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

100 98 95 102 102 101 103 100 92

95 96 96 91 95 99 92


page

26



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Mostly susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Mostly resistantBYDV UnknownRamularia leaf spot Unknown


Straw strength StiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder AckermanHead Licensee Plant Research LtdAgent Cates Grain and Seed

FLORA YEAR 2

Average yielding cultivar with high grain weight. Disease management programme should account for scald and leaf rust susceptibility. Mostly resistant to mildew. Large grain weight.





DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Mostly susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptible/moderately resistantPowdery mildew Highly susceptibleBYDV Moderately susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Mostly resistant


Straw strength ModerateCrop height ModerateMaturity Early-intermediate



END USE Malting

BACKGROUND


FAIRVIEW YEAR 8

Below average yielding malting cultivar with moderate straw strength, and crop height. Fairview is the preferred malting barley variety by brewers in New Zealand. Fairview is quite disease susceptible particularly to mildew and scald.


96 99 94 95 96 92 93

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

101 102 96 103 98 99 105 96 101

Note: Cust, Methven and Balfour are 3 year meansNote: Cust, Methven and Balfour are 3 year means

page

27



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately resistantNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleBYDV Moderately resistantRamularia leaf spot Unknown


Straw strength Moderate-stiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate-late



END USE Malting

BACKGROUND


JIMPY (H99003-20) YEAR 4

High yielding malting cultivar in Canterbury. Has moderate resistance to scald and net blotch but moderate susceptibility to leaf rust and powdery mildew.




DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch SusceptibleSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Mostly susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately resistantBYDV UnknownRamularia leaf spot Unknown


Straw strength StiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate-late



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder Syngenta SeedsHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent Not yet appointed

JOLIKA YEAR 2

Average yielding cultivar with large grain weight and low screenings. A relatively disease susceptible cultivar with exception to mildew. Watch for net blotch. Good stiff straw with large grain weight and low screenings.


WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

97 100 106 98 100 98 102 101 93

96 99 103 99 104 105


page

28


Dryland sites (4 year) -Irrigated site (4 year) -

DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately resistantPowdery mildew Moderately resistantBYDV Moderately resistantRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength Moderate-stiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate


TGW (g) 53 - -Test weight (kg/hl) 65 - -Protein (%) (N% x 6.25) 11.2 - -Screenings (%) 2.0 - -

END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder Nickerson International Research SNCHead Licensee PGG Wrightson GrainAgent PGG Wrightson Grain


PUTNEY YEAR 5

Above average yielding feed cultivar in the southern North Island. Putney has shown moderate susceptibility to scald and Net Blotch but moderate resistance to leaf rust and Ramularia. Moderate-stiff straw with intermediate maturity.




DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately resistantNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleBYDV Moderately susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength Moderate-stiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate


TGW (g) - 51 53Test weight (kg/hl) - 64 64Protein (%) (N% x 6.25) - 12.4 12.1Screenings (%) - 1.1 0.7

END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder Nickerson International Research SNCHead Licensee PGG Wrightson GrainAgent PGG Wrightson Grain

OXBRIDGE YEAR 5

Average yielding feed cultivar. It is relatively better suited to dryland sites. Oxbridge has shown moderate resistance to scald and net blotch but moderate susceptibility to leaf rust, mildew and ramularia. Moderate-stiff straw with intermediate maturity.


104 102

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

96 97 97 103 100 97 102


page

29



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately resistantNet form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Mostly susceptiblePowdery mildew Mostly resistantBYDV Moderately susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength ModerateCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate-late



END USE Feed, Malting potential

BACKGROUND

Breeder New Farm Crops, UKHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent PGG Wrightson Grain, Ruapehu Farm Supplies (NI)

QUENCH YEAR 5

Above average yielding feed variety (malting potential) performing well in both autumn and spring trials. Good resistance to scald and mildew but susceptible to leaf rust and Ramularia. Moderate standing power and crop height combined with intermediate-late maturity.




DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Mostly susceptibleSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleBYDV Moderately susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Unknown


Straw strength StiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Early-intermediate



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder Syngenta SeedsHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent Cropmark Seeds

SNAKEBITE YEAR 3

Snakebite is an above average yielding cultivar in the southern North Island and Canterbury. Snakebite has shown to be relatively susceptible to disease. Good grain weight with stiff straw and an early to intermediate maturity.


WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

101 103 107 105 100 99 102 100 96

105 99 102 102 101 108 102 101 101


page

30 barley cultivar descriptions



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleSpot form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleLeaf rust Mostly susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately resistantBYDV Moderately susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength StiffCrop height Short-moderateMaturity Intermediate



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder New Farm Crops, UKHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent PGG Wrightson Grain

TAVERN YEAR 10

Above average yields for Canterbury and Southland and below average yield in the southern North Island. Excellent straw strength combined with short-moderate crop height. Monitor for disease since moderately susceptible to the majority of diseases assessed.


Note: Cust, Highbank and Balfour are 3 year means Note: Cust, Methven and Balfour are 3 year means



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch UnknownSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleBYDV UnknownRamularia leaf spot Unknown


Straw strength StiffCrop height Short-moderateMaturity Early-intermediate



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND


SUMMIT YEAR 1

In its first year in the CPT2 trials, Summit has yielded above average. It is moderately susceptible to scald, leaf rust and mildew. This cultivar has stiff straw, short to moderate crop height and is early to intermediate maturing.


WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

104 101 109 103 101 108 99 104 105

97 95 104 106 101 105 103 103 104

page

31



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Mostly susceptibleNet form of net blotch UnknownSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately resistantPowdery mildew Moderately resistantBYDV UnknownRamularia leaf spot Unknown


Straw strength -Crop height -Maturity -



END USE Malting potential

BACKGROUND


H1066-27 YEAR 1

This potential malting cultivar yielded below average at both Canterbury and Southern North Island regions. It has good resistance to leaf rust and mildew but watch for scald. Good grain weight and low screenings in Canterbury.


Note: Cust, Highbank and Balfour are 3 year means Note: Cust, Highbank and Balfour are 3 year means



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Mostly susceptibleNet form of net blotch UnknownSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately resistantBYDV UnknownRamularia leaf spot Unknown





END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder SejetHead Licensee Plant & Food ResearchAgent Not yet appointed

CRBA 124 YEAR 1

CRBA124 has yielded above average on irrigated Canterbury trial sites. Monitor for disease as mostly susceptible to scald and moderately susceptible to leaf rust.


WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

99 105 105 101 105 86 105 107 99

94 96 93 92 100 84 83

page

32



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Mostly susceptibleNet form of net blotch UnknownSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately resistantBYDV UnknownRamularia leaf spot Unknown


Straw strength StiffCrop height Moderate-tallMaturity Intermediate



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND


NFC406-112 YEAR 1

High yielding feed cultivar in all regions tested, performing particularly well on dryland Canterbury sites. Watch for scald and leaf rust. Moderately resistant to powdery mildew.




DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately resistantNet form of net blotch UnknownSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Mostly resistantBYDV UnknownRamularia leaf spot Unknown


Straw strength ModerateCrop height Moderate-tallMaturity Intermediate-late



END USE Feed, malting potential

BACKGROUND


NFC406-128 YEAR 1

This cultivar had above average yields in Southland and average yields at Canterbury trial sites in its first year in CPT2 trials. NFC406-128 has good resistance to mildew, moderate resistance to scald but is moderately susceptible to leaf rust. Large grain weight.



WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

Seafield Methven


75 85 95 105 115 125

105 109 105 101 104 109 112 103 106

97 104 102 96 98 101 88 104 101


page

33sowing date guidelines

These guidelines have been constructed from FAR sowing date trial data combined with agronomic experience and in the case of some new cultivars, UK information is also used.

‘Optimal’ sowing dates – ‘Less ideal’ sowing dates –

Spring sown wheat & barley – Sowing date guidelines 2010

WHEAT JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER

Majestic (CRWT139)

Raffles

CRWT161

Torlesse

Saracen

CRWT151

Sage

Morph

Conquest

KSW083

BARLEY JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER

Quench

County

Doyen

Eiffelton

Fairview

Jimpy

Oxbridge

Putney

Tavern

Booma (CRBA125)

CRBA124

Cask

Dash

Bumpa

Classique

Jolika

Snakebite

NFC406-112

NFC407-142

Flora

NFC406-128

H1066-27

page

34 sowing rate calculationinformation can be gained from ‘stress tests’ and ‘vigour tests’. These test results are not usually available but should hopefully be on request. Experience certainly helps when deciding on this figure.

Examples of emergence % could be:

• June sown: 80% emergence• July sown: 75% emergence (assumes maybe poorer quality seedbed, sown too deep, cold soil conditions)• August - October sown: 80-90% emergence (assumes soil moisture availability and increasing soil temperatures)

Examples:

SPRING WHEAT A wheat sample 1000 seed wt = 45gB % germination = 90%C % emergence = 90%D target plant density = 250pl/m2

E required sowing rate is 139kg/ha

SPRING BARLEYA barley sample 1000 seed wt = 40gB % germination = 90%C % emergence = 85% D target plant density = 225pl/m2

E required sowing rate is 118kg/ha

The calculation can be transformed to determine the actual emergence % achieved (useful if poor establishment):

The actual plant population needs to be counted in the field (rod or quadrat methods) for the above calculation, whilst TGW, sowing rate and germination % are figures that were known at drilling.

This calculation uses several variables to give an accurate answer for suggested sowing rates.

To use the calculation you will need to know the following:• the plant population you want to establish for your crop,• the thousand grain weight of the seed,• the germination percentage (%) of the seed,• the expected crop emergence – this is determined by time of sowing, seed quality and management factors (e.g. seed treatment, sowing depth, seed-bed quality).

The steps to follow are:

THOUSAND GRAIN WEIGHTIf using certified seed, the value for thousand grain weight (TGW) should be available on the seed bag or on request. If you need to calculate it for yourself, the number of seeds you will need to count will depend on the accuracy of your scales. Make sure your seed sample is representative of the whole line.i. If you have scales that will weigh to 0.1g, count 200 seeds, weigh them and multiply the weight by 5 to get 1000 seed weight.ii. If not, count and weigh 1000 seeds.

GERMINATION PERCENTAGE (%)This should also be on the bag label or on request. A purity & germination (P&G) test figure is usually quoted. Germination tests determine the maximum germination potential of a given seed line. Under certain conditions in the field it is often noted by producers that the laboratory germination result overestimates seedling emergence. Although there are many factors that may influence the final plant population, the observed differences are also a result of the physiological quality of a particular seed line and its tolerance to stress. Caution is advised as the germination figure does not equate to the percentage of seeds expected to emerge in the field.

EMERGENCE PERCENTAGE (%)Emergence percentage is an estimate based on actual emergence in the field. Further

SOWING target plant population (p/m2) RATE = x TGW (g) x 100 (kg/ha) % germination x % emergence

% actual plant population (p/m2) EMERGENCE = x TGW (g) x 100 sowing rate (kg/ha) x % germination

page

35

ISSUES FOR SUCCESSFULESTABLISHMENT(in no particular order)SEEDBED: A trashy seedbed may reduce seed/soil contact, thereby reducing germination, while a compacted seedbed may restrict emergence. A seedbed with large clods may also force emerging seedlings to become deformed (and therefore weakened) in their attempt to emerge.

SOWING DEPTH: Sown too shallow, seed may be subject to bird damage and susceptible to drying out. If sown too deep, young plants will struggle to emerge and may be weak and therefore prone to disease or may become deformed. Check that your drill is placing seed at its optimum depth. This is also important when considering residual herbicides since some products require a minimum planting depth.

NUTRITION AND MOISTURE: Plant roots follow the easiest path for growth, so nutrition should be placed near the roots. Some fertilisers will, however, “burn” seedlings, so they must be placed out of direct contact with the seed. Moisture is essential for seed germination. Once germinated, the young seedling is also very fragile and may dry out rapidly if there is insufficient moisture in the root zone. Too much moisture (waterlogging) will mean oxygen starvation, which will lead to germination failure or seedling death.

WEEDS, DISEASES AND PESTS: Weeds will compete with the crop for light, moisture and nutrients. Weeds may potentially be more of a problem in thinly sown (or poorly established) crops. The main disease problem for emerging seedlings is fungi affecting the new roots but these are more likely to occur in a cool, damp environment, when seedlings are less vigorous and therefore more prone to attack. Seed treatment with fungicides may be beneficial if seed-borne diseases are a concern, but these treatments may also delay crop emergence. A wide range of pests can cause problems - slugs, weevils, grass grubs, etc. If these are present, control options need to be evaluated.

TIME OF SOWING: Crops sown in the early autumn or late spring, when soil temperatures are warm and moisture is (hopefully) ideal, should mean rapid germination and a high emergence rate of seedlings. The autumn sown crops will also have more opportunity to tiller, so sowing rates will need to take this into account.

SOWING RATES IN GENERAL FORWINTER/SPRING SOWINGSNote: for most recent trial results relating to sowing rates for autumn sown wheat, see FAR Arable Updates Cereals Nos. 129, 130, 135, 153.

Generally establishment targets are:• June 200 plants/m2

• July 200 plants/m2

• August 200 plants/m2

• September 250 plants/m2

• October 300 plants/m2

page

36

For further reading see FAR Arable Update Cereals No’s.15, 65, 66, and 81.

SEED QUALITY

High quality seed has:• < 10% Fusarium/Microdochium;• > 95% germination; • > 40g TSW; • low abnormals;• good vigour.

Vigour 1 = poor, 5 = excellent

A Reasonable line, fusarium mostly controlled with treatment, abnormals increased slightly after treatment indicating some seed damage.

B Reject, abnormals increased after treatment indicating some seed damage, vigour not sufficient, treated germination not sufficient.

C Reject, fusarium extremely high even though mostly controlled with treatment.

D Reject, abnormals increased after treatment indicating some seed damage.

E Reasonable line with good vigour.

F Reject, fusarium extremely high even though mostly controlled with treatment, however abnormals increased after treatment indicating some seed damage.

NOTE:• It is suggested that 60% of abnormals will emerge. However be aware that these plants have low tillering capacity. • Remainders are seeds which don’t germinate.

seed quality & seed treatments

UNTREATED TREATED

Line Germ Abnorm Remain Fusari Vigour Germ Abnorm Remain Fusari

A 80.2 13.8 6.0 36.0 3.2 76.6 18.0 5.4 2.8

B 73.6 17.0 9.4 31.0 2.8 69.4 21.4 9.2 0.6

C 72.0 14.6 13.4 71.2 3.6 71.4 4.4 6.4 3.6

D 79.6 13.8 6.6 5.0 3.8 71.6 22.0 6.4 0.0

E 83.8 9.2 7.0 21.0 4.4 79.4 11.8 8.8 0.2

F 76.6 17.6 5.8 62.6 3.8 71.4 23.4 5.2 6.2

Table: Attributes of example lines from the 2001/2002 harvest

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PATHOGEN THRESHOLDSGuidelines for seed-borne disease thresholds based on NIAB (UK) and NZ experiences:

• If < 10% Fusarium Microdochium or 5% Drechslera infection sow untreated seed before 1 May or after 1 October.• Treat if sowing after 1 May or before 1 October.• All seed should be treated if the cereal follows maize as Fusarium risk is higher.• Zero threshold exists for loose smut & barley seed-borne mosaic virus. Seedlines with loose smut will be rejected from certification and uncertified seed must be treated. . • Seed treatments may not be needed on high quality seed (seed quality details should be freely available from seed merchant) and if the seedline is not repeatedly sown without treatment.SEED TREATMENT STRATEGIES

CONSIDERATIONS:• In damaged (e.g. cracked) seed all products have the potential to reduce establishment and, in severe cases, yield. Raxil then Vitaflo are the least likely to delay emergence of damaged seed. Delayed emergence may be critical for late autumn sowings.• Vitaflo or Raxil control low Fusarium levels but MBC is needed for higher levels.• Ideally, reject seedlines which test over 20-25% Fusarium and/or with a P&G germination of < 85%. However, seasonal conditions will impact on availability of seed with these levels.• Seed treatments do not reduce the incidence of Fusarium head blight in the crop.

INSECTICIDEGaucho and Poncho are the only registered insecticide seed treatments, providing some control of aphids and grass grub. They should provide control of aphids up until the plant reaches GS13/21 or as the first tiller is appearing. Poncho is also registered for use in wheat for control of grass grub and argentine stem weevil.

Reminder: in spring sown cereals, aphicides do not give the same length of protection as autumn treatments due to the accelerated growth rates of the crop and thus increased rates of product breakdown.

Additionally, pressure on crops from flying aphids is also greater in spring crops, thereby increasing the importance of pest management.

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TGW Thousand grain (seed) weight, reported in grams (g). Grain size is needed both as a measure of grain quality and for calculating sowing rates.

Test weight Measured in kilograms per hectolitre (kg/hl), test weight is an indication of grain density. Test weight is reported at a standard grain moisture of 14%.

Protein % The protein content is obtained by measuring the nitrogen (N) content and using a conversion factor to calculate the protein %. The conversion factors in this booklet are N x 5.7 for all wheat and N x 6.25 for all barley. Some feed wheat users choose to use N x 6.25. To convert the wheat protein from 5.7 to 6.25 use a conversion factor of 1.096 x protein %.

Falling number An indicator of sprouting if scores are low, falling number (FN) is an indirect measure of alpha-amylase levels in the grain with low FN indicating high alpha-amylase activity. FAR does not test falling number on feed wheat, only milling wheats.

Screenings % Percentage of small grains, weed seeds and foreign matter which pass through a 2.0 mm rotoscreen.

4 year adjusted mean

A “4-year adjusted mean” is a mean over trials in the last 4 years. This mean has been adjusted statistically to take account of the absence of some cultivars in some trials (for example, if a cultivar was missing from an especially high-yielding trial, it would otherwise be unfairly disadvantaged). This adjustment enables fair comparisons between cultivars within each site and region.

Limited data For newer cultivars which we have only evaluated for one or two years, we may not have sufficient disease or agronomic observations to feel confident about the data presented. In this case the data is given in brackets ( ).

Relative yield Yields relative to a base 100 are given where 100 is the average yield across all cultivars. These relative yields make it easier to compare sites which may differ widely in mean yields.

LSD The “Least Significant Difference”, or LSD, is used to compare the mean yields of two cultivars. The difference in yield between two cultivars must be greater than the LSD for those two cultivars to be proven different (statistically at P=0.05). For example, if the LSD is 0.8, a difference between two cultivars of 0.5 is not ‘proven’, while a difference of 1.2 is proven.

CV% The “Coefficient of Variation”, or CV%, is another measure of the variability in a trial. If the differences between cultivars are similar across all replicates, the trial CV% is low (<10%) and the LSD is low (both desirable). If the trial CV% is high (>10%), there is a high level of unexplained variation, and the trial results are less accurate.

Stripe rust Disease caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.

Leaf rust Disease caused by Puccinia recondite f.sp. tritici (wheat); Puccinia hordei (barley).

Septoria leaf blotch Disease caused by Septoria tritici, (perfect stage Mycosphaerella graminicola).

Powdery mildew Disease caused by Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici.

Fusarium head scab Disease caused by Fusarium spp.

glossary of terms

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39paddock sowing recordThe table below is for you to record your cultivar choice and other useful information for your paddock history. An example is provided.

Paddock Cultivarname

Sowingrate

(kg/ha)

Seedtreatment

Areasown(ha)

Fertiliser(kg/ha)

Sowingdate

Bluegum Doyen 96kg/ha Raxil 10ha DAP 200 3 May

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FAR would like to name and thank the people who have helped contribute to the timely production of this booklet:

HOST FARMERS:Brian SaundersCameron AdamsEric WatsonGraeme GardyneJohn GardyneMurray and Doug KnoxMurray TaggartNigel BarnettPaul MackintoshRichard MawRoss Duncan and Steve PoleRoss RathgenRoss RichardsSteve Wilkins

TRIAL OPERATORS:Bede McCloy New Zealand ArableGerard Pile PGG Wrightson GrainJohn van den Bosch PGG Wrightson GrainKevin Sinclair Plant & Food ResearchMatt Hicks Cropmark Seeds LtdRoss Hanson Plant & Food ResearchStewart Armstrong Plant & Food Research

GRADING TESTS:Jessica Bares PGG Wrightson Seeds

BIOMETRICIAN:Dave Saville Saville Statistical Consulting

CONTRIBUTING SCIENTIST:Matthew Cromey Plant & Food Research

FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS:FAR levy payersNZ Flour Millers AssociationNew Zealand Grain & Seed Trade Association (NZGSTA)

GRAPHIC DESIGNER:Melissa Hillmer BNS Design & Print

BOOKLET PRODUCTION:Julie Sime Foundation for Arable ResearchRachel Greenwood Foundation for Arable ResearchRob Craigie Foundation for Arable Research

acknowledgements

PO Box 80 Lincoln, Canterbury New Zealand

Tel: 03 325 6353 Fax: 03 325 6354 Email: [email protected] www.far.org.nz

ADDING VALUE TO THE BUSINESS OF ARABLE FARMING

Documents

FAR CULTIVAR EVALUATION 2010/2011