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GCP/RAS/240/JPN
FAO/GOVERNMENT COOPERATIVE PROGRAMME
FINAL REPORT ON
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL INFORMATION
SHARING MECHANISM (NISM) ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
THE GLOBAL PLAN OF ACTION (GPA) FOR THE CONSERVATION
AND UTILIZATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD
AND AGRICULTURE IN MONGOLIA
Plant Science and Agricultural Research Institute (PSARI)
Written by
Bayarsukh Noov, Otgonbayar, Namjilsuren Jamyansuren,
September 2011
2
Acknowledgement
The Plant Science and Agricultural Research Institute (PSARI) of Ministry of Education
culture and Science of Mongolia would like to acknowledge the all local stakeholders who
actively participated and dedicated valuable contribution and advices in establishing the
National Information Sharing Mechanism (NISM) on the Implementation of the Global Plan
of Action (GPA) for the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources for food and
agriculture in Mongolia.
Also, PSARI would like to deliver special thanks and sincerest gratitude to
Japanese Government for their funding support to the
FAO GCP/RAS/240/JPN Project
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for the technical support
they have provided in the implementation of the project.
Bayarsukh Noov
National Focal Point
GCP/RAS/240/JPN Project, Mongolia
Executive summary report on
3
The Establishment of the National Information Sharing Mechanism (NISM) on the
Implementation of the Global Plan of Action (GPA) for the conservation and utilization of
plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in Mongolia
Preparatory phase
Translation of NISM-GPA software
In the preparatory phase a full document of NISM software using Excel tables has
been translated into Mongolian language and the translation converted into unicode (Word
format and PDF) using the online converter found at
http://badaa.mngl.net/convert/con2uni.htm.
Finally the installer of the Mongolian-English version of the GPANFP application
completed in December 2009 with the full support and involvement of Mr.Stefano
Diulgheroff, FAO AGP.
Establishment of LOA and preparation of manuals
The LOA/2009/262 established between FAO and PSARTI on 8 November 2009. The
PSARTI referred to as recipient organization. The LOA indicated the responsibilities and
roles of both parties for the establishment of NISM-GPA in Mongolia.
The manuals and CD containing information about GPA, project and instructions
filling common tables in Mongolian language are distributed to relevant authorities and
specialists of Ministry of Food Agriculture Light Industry (MoFALI), Ministry of Nature,
Environment and Tourism (MNET), research organizations, universities and NGOs.
The 2 set of computers, printer and color scanner purchased to enable efficient data
collection and management for the NISM-GPA Mongolia.
It was very useful to purchase notebook for project documentation specialist and he
was able to collect information and directly input to the system.
Training of documentation specialist
The project team composed of NFP and documentation specialist and research staff of
PGR division of PSARTI established. The full time new documentation specialist hired for
implementation NISM-GPA in Mongolia.
The national focal point (NFP) provided training to documentation specialist and other
researchers at PSARTI for the use of NISM-GPA. During training the documentation
specialist provided by guidelines and hands on training on the use of NISM-GPA including
access to program, filling of common tables, data export and import, data validation, creating
new records, searching, registration of SH and creation of CD to SHs, linking and data
merging etc.
Implementation phase
Survey and selection of stakeholders
4
The project team conducted a survey of organizations which involved in conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in Mongolia by
surveying projects, programs, publications, reports, through internet and meeting with
organizations, officials.
Also, we sent official request to State Central Registration Department (SCRD) of
Mongolia asking for the list of government and non government organizations which conduct
activities related to conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA. In response, we received list
of organizations which are registered to conduct environmental research activity in Mongolia.
Finally we were able to develop list of 31 organizations which may be involved in activities
related to conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA in Mongolia.
From above organizations we selected 18 organizations which are involved in the
conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA.
We prepared 6 page manual containing information about project objectives, activities
and expected results of NISM-GPA Mongolia and guidelines for filling common tables. Also,
the common tables exported into excel sheets and recorded into CD. The guidelines for filling
common tables, CD together with official invitation to join to the establishment of NISM
Mongolia are distributed to selected 18 organizations.
Finally we received response from 14 stakeholders which are agreed to join to
establishment of NISM-GPA in Mongolia.
Gathering stakeholders data and filling common tables
The common tables including PROTAB, CULTAB, REFTAB, PERTAB and
AGRTAB are exported from NISM software to excel sheet and distributed to each SHs with
instructions to fill common tables and recommendations.
The NFP and project team had regular communication with SHs through means of
telephone, email and other communication tools to assist filling the common tables.
During implementation of project we found that there are several reasons of slow
process of filling the common tables by other SHs: 1) in summer most researchers work in the
field or in the mission and focal person doesn’t have much time to spend on NISM 2) focal
person at selected organization didn’t have all information so they need more survey at
institutional level.
Therefore, the project documentation specialist visited to selected SHs and assisted
filling common tables. It was very helpful to purchase notebook for project documentation
specialist and he was able to visit SHs, collect information and directly input to system.
At the same time documentation officer and other PGR staff of PSARTI visited to
Central state Library of Mongolia, Library of Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Library of
Institute of Botany and Central Library at Science and Technology Foundation Mongolia and
gathered necessary information for reference and project tables.
We found that some of valuable information mostly related to international collection
mission has been lost during transition period from communist regime to market economy.
The data of the SHs for each table were merged and imported into existing file in the
NISM-GPA computer program. After the successful merging and entering of available data
from SHs into existing Common Tables the SHs NISM-GPA computer application then
created. The individual SH key code and copies of SHs NISM-GPA computer application on
CD are provided to each 14 SHs.
During project implementation the 14 organizations provided information for the
common tables namely PERTAB-390, PROTAB-174, TAXTAB-75634, CULTAB-157,
5
ARETAB-64, SYSTAB-3, REFTAB-1262, AGRTAB-66.
Answering questionnaire and data validation
Each stakeholders required to provide answers on how to address implementation
status of each of twenty priority areas of GPA.
Only 4 SHs including PSARTI, RIAH, DARPC, WRARI and Altai Regional branch
of MSUA were able to send the zip files containing the answers to the questionnaire for data
merging into the NFPs version of NISM-GPA Mongolia. Other SHs required technical and
logical assistance in answering to the questionnaire and NFP and team prepared guideline on
how to answer the questions in Mongolian language and distributed to SHs. The SHs sent
answers on MS format and the PSARTI documentation specialist entered most of answers
into system. The SHs needs regular training and assistance working on the NISM system for
entering new data and updating. The individual SHs data merged into NFPs database using NFPs version of NISM-GPA
application program. During merging the SHs data the all data were checked and duplicate
entries were rejected.
Finally, validation of data from SHs conducted through visit, contact by phone and e-
mail communication.
Organization of first SHs meeting
The first stakeholders (SH) consultation workshop held on 17 June 2010 at the
Mongolian State University of Agriculture (MSUA) in Ulaanbaatar. Totally 30 participants
representing 13 stakeholders attended the meeting.
The officials including Mr.L.Bayartulga, Head of Department of coordination of agriculture
policy implementation of MoFALI, Mr.Ch.Buyannemex, FAO representative,
Dr.A.Gombojav, vice president of MSUA took part in the meeting.
The objectives of the workshop were to 1) develop strategy for the establishment
NISM-GPA in Mongolia 2) define roles and responsibilities of SHs 3) train SHs on the use of
NISM-GPA software.
The resource persons including Dr.N.Bayarsukh, deputy director of PSARTI and
national focal point (NFP), Dr.G.Erdenejav, senior scientist of the Institute of Botany,
Dr.J.Namjilsuren head of PGR division PSARTI, Dr.Tserenbaljid, senior scientist of the
Institute of Botany made 5 presentation during workshop. The presentations covered topics
related to the current status of conservation utilization of plant genetic resources in Mongolia.
An introduction and workplan for the establishment of NISM-GPA presented by
Dr.N.Bayarsukh and discussed by stakeholders.
Mr. B.Otgonbayar, the project documentation specialist provided presentation on the
use of NISM-GPA software and hands on practice on the use of software using computers
provided to participants.
During the workshop participants agreed on workplan for NISM-GPA implementation
in Mongolia and the roles and responsibilities of NFP and SHs.
Participants agreed that depending on SHs experiences on the use of NISM computer
software the SHs can submit information to common tables on excel sheet or data file.
The CD containing the installation program of GPASН and manuals for GPASH in
Russian and Mongolian language and Global Plan of Action on PDF files developed. Also,
6
manual consisting of 6 parts, containing 42 pictures in 28 pages printed in Mongolian language and distributed to stake holders during first SHs meeting.
The second SHs meeting organized in 25 July at PSARTI. The participants including
12 SHs who are actively participating to establishment of NISM and in addition the staff from
National Committee on Bio-security of Mongolia take part to the meeting. During this
second meeting, the participants had hands-on training and practice on answering the
questionnaire using the NISM-GPA computer application and introduced using the
Microsoft Excel software needed for submission of the common tables.
Also participants discussed achievements, constraints and suggestions on the
improvement of NISM and institutionalizing NISM in Mongolia.
Steering committee of the NISM-GPA
The participants of first SHs meeting agreed to create project steering committee
consisting of representatives of authorities and core research institutes including
Mr.L.Bayartulga, Head of Department for Coordination of Policy implementation in Crop
production of MoFALI, Dr.N.Bayarsukh, deputy director PSARTI and National Focal
Person, Dr,.Namxai senioe researcher from RIAH, Dr.G.Erdenejav, senior researcher Institute
of Botany and Mr.B.Otgonbayar, researcher documentation specialist from PSARTI.
The Head of Department for Coordination of Policy implementation in Crop
production of MoFALI chairs the Steering Committee and National Focal Person (NFP)
serves as the Secretary.
SHs agreed on the schedule of submission of the information of the NISM to the NFP.
Reporting
The progress report of implementation of NISM-GPA Mongolia generated by NFP
and sent to project CTA in every 6 month.
The draft of final report prepared by NFP and distributed to steering committee
members as well as to selected SHs who actively involved in the establishment of NISM –
Mongolia for review and comments. The comments from steering committee members and
some SHs included in the report and finalized by NFP.
Based on the data and information gathered through this project the steering
committee recommended to NFP to compile the “The State of PGRFA of Mongolia”
however it is already.
The project developed a website on the NISM-GPA Mongolia. The information can
be accessed through the internet.
Conclusion
The project on the National Information Sharing Mechanism in the Monitoring of the
Implementation of the GPA in Mongolia implemented successfully and has been very useful
project.
This is first time provided opportunity to assess current status of conservation and
utilization of PGRFA in Mongolia.
The project result has revealed the key research organizations, individuals, projects and
activities relevant to collecting, conservation and sustainable utilization of PGRFA, the status
of responsible government organizations for conservation of PGRFA and their relations, the
legal status of PGR conservation and constraints and opportunities.
7
This database would help for setting priorities, responsibilities of relevant organizations, designating national focal body and effective planning of projects and activities relevant to
PGRFA in the future. It will also contribute to policymakers, farmers, researchers,
government organizations and public audience to get overview about the current situation of
conservation and utilization of PGRFA.
Based on the information gathered it can be concluded that the current status of
activities on conservation and utilization PGRFA in Mongolia is rather weak.
The lack of appropriate policy and priority in PGRFA, the irrational government
policy that agricultural research institutes belong to MECS, the insufficient funding
and lack of technical capability, equipment and laboratory facilities especially for
germplasm storage and characterization of PGRFA, lack of competent, experienced
staff are the main limiting factors in conservation and utilization of PGRFA and the
support from regional and international organizations needed.
Whereas, the survey, inventory and conservation activities of natural PGR in the
country are done quite sufficiently and the legislation and regional and international
collaboration are relatively well coordinated in natural plant genetic resources by the MNET.
The report of the project with appropriate recommendations would be submitted to relevant
ministry and other government agencies and policy makers in the country. This would
contribute to strengthen activities relevant to conservation and sustainable utilization of
PGRFA in the country.
The PSARTI, as key implementing institution of NISM-GPA Mongolia would maintain
and continue to improve and update the database under the local project on crop genetic
resources by the MOFALI. The permanent staff for genebank database management will be
responsible for continued updating and improvement of the system.
Bayarsukh Noov
National Focal Point
GCP/RAS/240/JPN Project, Mongolia
List of abbreviations
ARBM Altai Regional branch of MSUA
8
DARPC Dornod Agriculture Research and Production Center of MSUA
ESRC Eco-system Research Center
FAO Food Agriculture Organization
GMS Germplasm Management System
GPA Global Plan of Action
GTZ German technical Cooperation Agency
FTC Food-Tech Corporation
IAEA Internationa; Atomic Energy Agency
IB Institute of Biology
Institute of Botany
ICCT Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
IGE Institute of Geo-Ecology
ITPGRFA International Treaty of Plant Genetic Resources for Food
and Agriculture
IVS Institute of Veterinary Sciences
MAS Mongolian Academy of Sciences
MECS Ministry of Education, Culture and Sciences
MNET Ministry of Nature, Environment and Tourism
MoFALI Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry
MSUE Mongolian State University of Education
MSUA Mongolian State University of Agriculture
MAAS Mongolian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
MSTF Mongolian Science and Technology Foundation
MFC Mongol Farmer College
MNET Ministry of Nature, Environment and Tourism
MNIM Mongolian National Institute of Medicine
NUM National University of Mongolia
NISM National Information Sharing Mechanism
NEMA National Emergency Management Agency
NFP National Focal Person
PGRFA Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
PHI Public Health Institute
PSARTI Plant Science and Agricultural Research Training Institute
PPRI Plant Protection and Research Institute
RIAH Research Institute of Animal Husbandry
SAB School of Agro-biology
SETD School of Ecology and Technology Development
STF Mongolian Foundation for Science and Technology
TRD Training for Rural Development
TMTC Traditional Medicine Technology Corporation
UNDP United Nations Development Program
9
UU Ulaanbaatar University
WRARI Western Regional Agricultural Research Institute of MSUA
Table of content
1. Introduction 1
10
2. Objective 1
3. Overview of the process for establishment of NISM in Mongolia 2
3.1. Preparatory phase 2
Translation of NISM software
Establishment of LOA
Training of documentation specialist
Provision of equipments
3.2. Implementation phase 3
Survey and selection of stakeholders
Preparation of common tables
Stake Holders meeting and training
Gathering stakeholders data and filling tables
Data analysis and validation
4. Highlights of Findings From the Data Gathered and Analyzed 10
Priority Area 1. Surveying and Inventorying Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Priority Area 2. Supporting On-Farm Management and Improvement of Plant Genetic Priority Area 3. Assisting Farmers in Disaster Situations to Restore Agricultural Systems Priority Area 4. Promoting In Situ Conservation of Wild Crop Relatives and Wild Plants for Food Production Priority Area 5. Sustaining Existing Ex Situ Collections Priority Area 6. Regenerating Threatened Ex Situ Accessions
Priority Area 7. Supporting Planned and Targeted Collecting of Plant Genetic
resources for Food and Agriculture
Priority Area 8. Expanding Ex Situ Conservation Activities Priority Area 9. Expanding the Characterization, Evaluation and Number of Core Collections to Facilitate Use Priority Area 10. Increasing Genetic Enhancement and Base- Broadening Efforts Priority Area 11. Promoting Sustainable Agriculture through Diversification of Crop production and Broader Diversity in Crops Priority Area 12. Promoting Development and Commercialization of Under- Utilized Crops and Species Priority Area 13. Supporting Seed Production and Distribution Priority Area 14. Developing New Markets for Local Varieties and 'Diversity-Rich' Products Priority Area 15 Building Strong National Programs
11
Priority Area 16 Promoting Networks for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Priority Area 17 Constructing Comprehensive Information Systems for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Priority Area 18 Developing Monitoring and Early Warning Priority Area 19. Expanding and Improving Education and Training
Priority Area 20 Promoting Public Awareness of the Value of Plant Genetic Resources for
Food and Agriculture Conservation and Use
5. Difficulties and lessons learned
6. Conclusion and future plan
1. Introduction
12
A Global Plan of Action (GPA) was developed to provide a framework and guide for
the conservation and sustainable utilization of plant genetic resources of all species with
potential for food and agriculture (PGRFA). This GPA-PGRFA consists of 20 inter-related
priority activity areas to ensure the conservation and sustainable utilization of PGRFA. The
Plan was adopted by 150 FAO member nations, endorsed by the Conference of FAO and
supported by world leaders. It is now an important supporting component of the International
Treaty of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA).
Mongolia was one of the 150 countries that met in Leipzig, Germany in June, 1996
and adopted the Global Plan of Action (GPA) as the global tool for the conservation and
sustainable utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA).
FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) stressed
the need to strengthen the implementation and monitoring of the GPA-PGRFA, capacity
building and technology transfer for the conservation and use of PGRFA. To meet these
challenges, FAO in collaboration with 15 Asian countries (Bangladesh, India, Malaysia,
Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Viet Nam, Bhutan, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao P DR,
Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan) developed and executed the project
“Implementation of the GPA-PGRFA in Asia and the Pacific Region”, GCP/RAS/240/JPN.
The main objective of this project is to establish a country driven, Asia wide system
that assists the GPA-PGRFA as a support for sustainable agricultural development in the
Asian region. The project activities will contribute to FAO global efforts to support the
implementation, monitoring and updating the GPA-PGRFA, the preparation of second report
on the State of the World’s PGRFA.
Mongolia agreed to conduct monitoring on the implementation of the GPA in the
country and through this way to identify gaps and challenges in conservation and sustainable
use of PGRFA and as a result the effective strategies and plans of actions could be put in
place at national levels for the implementation of the GPA.
The Mongolian government approved the project GCP/RAS/240/JPN in 2009 and
Mr.T.Badamjunai, the Minister of Food Agriculture and Light Industry Mongolia (MoFALI)
signed the memorandum of agreement with FAO on March 2009.
In this project Mongolia is representing the East Asian countries and the Ministry of
Food, Agriculture and Light Industry of Mongolia selected the Plant Science and Agricultural
research training Institute (PSARTI) as National Focal Point and project implementing
organization in Mongolia.
2. Objective
The main objective of this project is to establish the National Information Sharing
Mechanism for Monitoring the Implementation of the GPA-PGRFA (NISM-GPA) in
Mongolia and contribute to implementation the GPA-PGRFA.
Following goals identified to fulfill above objectives:
13
1. To collect and document the information about the past and current activities related to
conservation and use of PGR in Mongolia and assess the status of PGRFA and
implementation of GPA in Mongolia.
2. To identify the further priorities and needs for the conservation and sustainable
utilization of PGRFA to improve national capacity in implementing PGRFA activities
in Mongolia.
3. To share the information and successful experiences in the implementation of GPA
priority activity areas related to PGR conservation and utilization
3. Overview of the process for establishment of NISM in Mongolia
The National Information Sharing Mechanism-Global Plan of Action (NISM-GPA) is
a network of public and private institutions that conserve and/or use plant genetic resources in
Mongolia. Its main objective is to share information related to plant genetic resources
conservation and utilization in the country in particular, the implementation of the Global
Plan of Action on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in Mongolia.
The Plant Science and Agricultural Research Training Institute (PSARTI) is the
implementing organization of project on the Establishment of National Information Sharing
Mechanism (NISM) for monitoring implementation of Global Plan of Action (GPA) under the
FAO/Mongolian Government project Capacity building and enhanced regional collaboration
for the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources in Asia
(GCP/RAS/240/JPN).
3.1. Preparatory phase
Translation of NISM-GPA software
In the preparatory phase a full document of NISM software using Excel tables has
been translated into Mongolian language and the translation converted into unicode (Word
format and PDF) using the online converter found at
http://badaa.mngl.net/convert/con2uni.htm.
Finally the installer of the Mongolian-English version of the GPANFP application
completed in December 2009 with the full support and involvement of Mr.Stefano
Diulgheroff, FAO AGP.
Establishment of LOA and preparation of manuals
The LOA/2009/262 established between FAO and PSARTI on 8 November 2009. The
PSARTI referred to as recipient organization. The LOA indicated the responsibilities and
roles of both parties for the establishment of NISM-GPA in Mongolia.
The national focal point met with Mr. N.Batsuuri, the state secretary of Ministry of
Nature Environment and Tourism, and Mr.L.Bayartulga, Head of Department of coordination
14
of agriculture policy implementation of Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry
(MoFALI) and other specialists from relevant authorities.
During the meeting NFP introduced the project objectives, plan of implementation of
NISM-GPA in Mongolia as well as concept of GPA.
The manuals and CD containing information about GPA, project and instructions
filling common tables in Mongolian language are distributed to relevant authorities and
specialists of Ministry of Food Agriculture Light Industry (MoFALI), Ministry of Nature,
Environment and Tourism (MNET), research organizations, universities and NGOs.
Training of documentation specialist
The project team composed of NFP and documentation specialist and research staff of
PGR division of PSARTI established. The full time new documentation specialist hired for
implementation NISM-GPA in Mongolia.
The national focal point (NFP) provided training to documentation specialist and other
researchers at PSARTI for the use of NISM-GPA.
During training the documentation specialist provided by guidelines and hands on
training on the use of NISM-GPA including access to program, filling of common tables, data
export and import, data validation, creating new records, searching, registration of SH and
creation of CD to SHs, linking and data merging etc.
In the next step of training focused on hands-on practice on filling common tables and
creating SHs CD and key.
In addition, user’s manual of computer application of NISM-GPA, operation guide for
NFP have been provided as reference.
Provision of equipment
The 2 set of computers, printer and color scanner purchased to enable efficient data
collection and management for the NISM-GPA Mongolia.
It was very useful to purchase notebook for project documentation specialist and he
was able to collect information and directly input to the system.
3.2. Implementation phase
Survey and selection of stakeholders
The project team conducted a survey of organizations which involved in conservation
and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in Mongolia by
surveying projects, programs, publications, reports, through internet and meeting with
organizations, officials.
Also, we sent official request to State Central Registration Department (SCRD) of
Mongolia asking for the list of government and non government organizations which conduct
activities related to conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA. In response, we received list
of organizations which are registered to conduct environmental research activity in Mongolia.
15
Finally we were able to develop list of 31 organizations which may be involved in activities
related to conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA in Mongolia. (Annex 2)
Table 1. Main organizations involved in the PGRFA activities in Mongolia
№ Organization name
Sent
request
Feedback
1 Ministry of Nature, Environment and Tourism + -
2 Mongolian State University of Education + -
3 Traditional Medicine Technology Institute + -
4 Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology + -
5 Mongolian Foundation for Science and Technology + -
6 School of Agrobiology + +
7 Institute of Biology + +
8 Institute of Botany + +
9 Institute of Geo-Ecology + +
10 Research Institute of Animal Husbandry + +
11 Biology Faculty of National University of Mongolia + +
12 Mon Chemo Co.Ltd + +
13 Plant Protection Research Institute + +
14 School of Ecology and Technology + +
15 Eco-system Research Center + +
16 Agriculture research Station in Ulaangom + +
17 Agriculture Research and production center in Dornod
province +
+
18 Altai Regional branch of MSUA + +
From above organizations we selected 18 organizations which are involved in the
conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA. (Table 1)
We prepared 6 page manual containing information about project objectives, activities
and expected results of NISM-GPA Mongolia and guidelines for filling common tables. Also,
the common tables exported into excel sheets and recorded into CD. The guidelines for filling
common tables, CD together with official invitation to join to the establishment of NISM
Mongolia are distributed to selected 18 organizations.
16
Finally we received response from 14 stakeholders which are agreed to join to
establishment of NISM-GPA in Mongolia. (Table 2).
Table2. List of organizations agreed to join the establishment of NISM-GPA Mongolia.
№ Organization activity Crop
mandate Focal person position
1 School of Agrobiology evaluation Cereals and
legumes J.Ganbold
Senior
researcher
2 Institute of Biology evaluation Medicinal
plants
Yu.Oyunbileg
U.Bolortuya researcher
3 Institute of Botany Conservation,
evaluation
Natural rare
and useful
plants
G.Burenbaatar
T.Munkh-erdene researcher
4 Institute of Geo-
Ecology evaluation Pasture B.Udwal researcher
5 Animal Husbandry
Research Institute
Conservation
and utilization
Fodder and
pasture
D.Namkhai
Т.Lkhagva-suren
Senior
Researcher
6
Biology Faculty of
National University of
Mongolia
evaluation Rare plant
species R.Tungalag Researcher
7 Mon Chemo Co.,Ltd utilization
Medicinal
plants and
cereals
B.Buyan-chimeg
G.Amarsaikhan Researcher
8
Plant Science
Agricultural Research
Training Institute
Conservation
and utilization
Cereals,
vegetables,
potato, fruits
Ya.Narantsetseg
B.Otgonbayar Researcher
9 Plant Protection
research Institute evaluation
Cereals
potato
S.Ariunaa
T.Azzaya Researcher
10 School of Ecology and
Technology
Evaluation and
monitoring Useful plants Sh.Jamiyandorj
Senior
Researcher
11 Eco-system Research
Center
Evaluation
utilization
S.Diimaa
B.Otgontuul Researcher
12
Western Regional
Agricultural Research
Institute of MSUA in
Ulaangom
Conservation
and utilization
Cereals
potato, fruits,
ornamentals
Altai.B Researcher
13
Dornod Agriculture
Research and
Production Center of
MSUA
Conservation
and utilization
Cereals, oil
crop D.Dolzodnyam Researcher
17
14 Altai Regional branch
of MSUA
Conservation
and utilization
Cereals,
vegetables B.Batchuluun
Science
secretary
Gathering stakeholders data and filling common tables
The common tables including PROTAB, CULTAB, REFTAB, PERTAB and
AGRTAB are exported from NISM software to excel sheet and distributed to each SHs with
instructions to fill common tables and recommendations.
The NFP and project team had regular communication with SHs through means of
telephone, email and other communication tools to assist filling the common tables.
During implementation of project we found that there are several reasons of slow
process of filling the common tables by other SHs: 1) in summer most researchers work in the
field or in the mission and focal person doesn’t have much time to spend on NISM 2) focal
person at selected organization didn’t have all information so they need more survey at
institutional level.
Therefore, the project documentation specialist visited to selected SHs and assisted
filling common tables. It was very helpful to purchase notebook for project documentation
specialist and he was able to visit SHs, collect information and directly input to system.
At the same time documentation officer and other PGR staff of PSARTI visited to
Central state Library of Mongolia, Library of Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Library of
Institute of Botany and Central Library at Science and Technology Foundation Mongolia and
gathered necessary information for reference and project tables.
Table 3 . The current status of gathering information for common tables
№ Name of organization
Organ
izati
on
s
Con
tact
perso
ns
Proje
cts
Taxa t
ab
le
Cu
ltiv
ars
Areas
Info
sys
tab
le
Refe
ren
ces
Agreem
en
ts
1 School of Agrobiology + + + - - + - + +
2 Institute of Biology + + + - - + - + -
3 Institute of Botany + + + - - + + + +
4 Institute of Geo-Ecology + + - - - + - + -
5 Animal Husbandry Research
Institute + + + - + + - + +
6 Biology Faculty of National
University of Mongolia + + + - - + - + -
7 Mon Chemo Co.,Ltd + + - - - + - + -
8 Plant Science Agricultural
Research Training Institute + + + - + + + + +
9 Plant Protection research + + + - - + - + +
18
Institute
10 School of Ecology and
Technology + + + - - + - + -
11 Eco-system Research Center + + - - - + - + -
12
Western Regional Agricultural
Research Institute of MSUA in
Ulaangom
+ + + - + + + + +
13 Dornod Agriculture Research
and Production Center of MSUA + + + - + + + + +
14 Altai Regional branch of MSUA + + + - + + + + +
15 others + + + - + + - + +
We found that some of valuable information mostly related to international collection
mission has been lost during transition period from communist regime to market economy.
The data of the SHs for each table were merged and imported into existing file in the
NISM-GPA computer program. After the successful merging and entering of available data
from SHs into existing Common Tables the SHs NISM-GPA computer application then
created. The individual SH key code and copies of SHs NISM-GPA computer application on
CD are provided to each 14 SHs.
During project implementation the 14 organizations provided information for the
common tables namely PERTAB-390, PROTAB-174, TAXTAB-75634, CULTAB-157,
ARETAB-64, SYSTAB-3, REFTAB-1262, AGRTAB-66.
Table 4. Summary of progress on filling common tables
№ Data
Organ
izati
on
s
Con
tact
perso
ns
Proje
cts
Taxa t
ab
le
Cu
ltiv
ars
Areas
Info
sys
tab
lw
Refe
ren
ces
Agreem
en
ts
1 By 1 July
2010 32 97 70 0 101 12 1 234 26
2 End of 2010 32 298 83 0 123 12 1 975 28
3. By 1 October
2011 40 390 174 0 157 64 3 1262 66
New data
added 8 92 91 0 34 52 2 287 38
Answering questionnaire and data validation
19
Each stakeholders required to provide answers on how to address implementation
status of each of twenty priority areas of GPA.
Only 4 SHs including PSARTI, RIAH, DARPC, WRARI and Altai Regional branch
of MSUA were able to send the zip files containing the answers to the questionnaire for data
merging into the NFPs version of NISM-GPA Mongolia. Other SHs required technical and
logical assistance in answering to the questionnaire and NFP and team prepared guideline on
how to answer the questions in Mongolian language and distributed to SHs. The SHs sent
answers on MS format and the PSARTI documentation specialist entered most of answers
into system. The SHs needs regular training and assistance working on the NISM system for
entering new data and updating.
The individual SHs data merged into NFPs database using NFPs version of NISM-GPA
application program. During merging the SHs data the all data were checked and duplicate
entries were rejected.
Finally, validation of data from SHs conducted through visit, contact by phone and e-
mail communication.
Organization of first SHs meeting
The first stakeholders (SH) consultation workshop held on 17 June 2010 at the Mongolian
State University of Agriculture (MSUA) in Ulaanbaatar. Totally 30 participants representing
13 stakeholders attended the meeting.
The officials including Mr.L.Bayartulga, Head of Department of coordination of agriculture
policy implementation of MoFALI, Mr.Ch.Buyannemex, FAO representative,
Dr.A.Gombojav, vice president of MSUA took part in the meeting.
The objectives of the workshop were to 1) develop strategy for the establishment
NISM-GPA in Mongolia 2) define roles and responsibilities of SHs 3) train SHs on the use of
NISM-GPA software.
The resource persons including Dr.N.Bayarsukh, deputy director of PSARTI and
national focal point (NFP), Dr.G.Erdenejav, senior scientist of the Institute of Botany,
Dr.J.Namjilsuren head of PGR division PSARTI, Dr.Tserenbaljid, senior scientist of the
Institute of Botany made 5 presentation during workshop. The presentations covered topics
related to the current status of conservation utilization of plant genetic resources in Mongolia.
An introduction and workplan for the establishment of NISM-GPA presented by
Dr.N.Bayarsukh and discussed by stakeholders.
Mr. B.Otgonbayar, the project documentation specialist provided presentation on the
use of NISM-GPA software and hands on practice on the use of software using computers
provided to participants.
During the workshop participants agreed on workplan for NISM-GPA implementation
in Mongolia and the roles and responsibilities of NFP and SHs.
Participants agreed that depending on SHs experiences on the use of NISM computer
software the SHs can submit information to common tables on excel sheet or data file.
20
The CD containing the installation program of GPASН and manuals for GPASH in
Russian and Mongolian language and Global Plan of Action on PDF files developed. Also,
manual consisting of 6 parts, containing 42 pictures in 28 pages printed in Mongolian
language and distributed to stake holders during first SHs meeting.
The second SHs meeting organized in 25 July at PSARTI. The participants including
12 SHs who are actively participating to establishment of NISM and in addition the staff from
National Committee on Bio-security of Mongolia take part to the meeting.
During this second meeting, the participants had hands-on training and practice
on answering the questionnaire using the NISM-GPA computer application and
introduced using the Microsoft Excel software needed for submission of the common tables.
Also participants discussed achievements, constraints and suggestions on the
improvement of NISM and institutionalizing NISM in Mongolia.
During the meeting the 53 page manual for answering questions distributed and SHs
trained on how to answer questions.
Steering committee of the NISM-GPA
The participants of first SHs meeting agreed to create project steering committee
consisting of representatives of authorities and core research institutes including
Mr.L.Bayartulga, Head of Department for Coordination of Policy implementation in Crop
production of MoFALI, Dr.N.Bayarsukh, deputy director PSARTI and National Focal
Person, Dr,.Namxai senioe researcher from RIAH, Dr.G.Erdenejav, senior researcher Institute
of Botany and Mr.B.Otgonbayar, researcher documentation specialist from PSARTI.
The Head of Department for Coordination of Policy implementation in Crop
production of MoFALI chairs the Steering Committee and National Focal Person (NFP)
serves as the Secretary.
SHs agreed on the schedule of submission of the information of the NISM to the
NFP.
Reporting
The progress report of implementation of NISM-GPA Mongolia generated by NFP
and sent to project CTA in every 6 month.
The draft of final report prepared by NFP and distributed to steering committee
members as well as to selected SHs who actively involved in the establishment of NISM –
Mongolia for review and comments. The comments from steering committee members and
some SHs included in the report and finalized by NFP.
Based on the data and information gathered through this project the steering
committee recommended to NFP to compile the “The State of PGRFA of Mongolia”
however it is already.
21
The project developed a website on the NISM-GPA Mongolia. The information can
be accessed through the internet.
4. Highlights of Findings From the Data Gathered and Analyzed
Priority area 1. Surveying and Inventorying of PGRFA
The stakeholders reported 15 projects conducted for surveying and inventorying of
PGRFA. The survey and inventory of PGRFA mainly carried out by affiliated institutions of
MSUA including PSARTI, ARBM, DARPC and WRARI during the collecting missions.
The 10 projects on collecting PGRFA carried out between 1959–2002 and the crops
surveyed included local landraces of barley, wheat, millet, vegetables and forages. The
individual interviews, field visits, historical documents used in survey. The survey results
revealed that most of the traditional varieties of crops are threatened due to the introduction
of new life style, collective farming, weather disturbances and advanced varieties mostly in
western and some of central provinces including Khovd, Uvs, Bayankhongor, Gobialtai and
Zavkhan and Bulgan.
On the other hand the surveying and inventorying activities of natural PGR in the
country are done quite sufficiently since 1970s. The several projects or activities related to
survey and inventory of PGRFA carried out under the program of joint Mongolian-Russian
Complex Expedition since 1970s. The projects were implemented mainly by the Institutes
of Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MAS).
Mongolia’s specific character of climate condition, biosphere and geographic
location and tremendous latitude spread of Mongolia have resulted the development of the
unrepeatable flora with its own specific species diversity, life style, origin and
development. For example, Mongolian flora mainly consists of representatives from
Siberian taiga and Central Asian steppe. On the other hand the penetration of plant species
from Manchuria (east) and Kazakhstan-Turan ( west) affected to the formation of specific
flora in Mongolia.
It is reported that Mongolian flora comprises of total more than 5100 plant species.
These include 2823 species of vascular plants belonging to the 662 genera and 128
families and 417 species of moss, 930 species of lychcnes.875 species of fungi and 971
species of algae, respectively / Table 5 /. The unexplored areas such as Khentii, Khubsugul
and Altai mountain, surrounding areas of Onon, Ulz river and Gobi desert areas in Zuungar
and Borzon are still existing. Therefore the number of vascular plant species estimated to
be more than 3000 species.
22
The largest families within the vascular plant are Clynelymus New ski ( 85 spccies),
Oxytropis DC. (82 species), Astragalus L (80 species), Artemisia L(78 spccics). Saussurca
DC. (44 species), Potentilla L (43 species), Salix L (41 species), —Pedicularis L (33
species) and Allium L (32 species).
There are more than 2200 species of economically important species including 845
medicinal plant species food plants 200 species for food, 200 for industrial use.
The number of threatened plant species recorded 128 including 75 medicinal species ( 6
deeply destroyed), 11 natural food (6), 16 industrial (4), 55 ornamental (10) and 15 species
for sand movement control. Causes of threat are population increases, industrialization,
past and present economic policies and pollution, as well as power, mining and minerals
industry.
It is found that the surveying and inventorying natural PGR are well defined in the
“The National Action Plant for Conservation of Biological diversity” which is approved by
Government resolution No.166 in 1996.
The lack of finance, equipment, competent experienced research staff and not clear
policy and priority on PGRFA are the main limiting factors to strengthen the survey and
inventory of PGRFA and wild relatives of cultivated plant species and the support from
regional and international organizations needed.
Priority area 2. Supporting On-Farm Management and Improvement of PGRFA
There weren’t any report and record related to the implementation of on-farm
management and improvement activities of PGRFA in the country. This means no national
priorities set for this activity, very limited information and knowledge on this area at the
moment in the country.
The more information, support are needed to initiate on-farm management of and
improvement of PGRFA in Mongolia including defining national priority, training local staff
and farmers.
5. Status of plant species in Mongolia
Classification Family Genus Species
High plants 128 662 2823
Moss 59 191 445 Lichens 53 175 930
Fungi 28 136 more 900
Algae 76 221 1236
Total 344 1385 6334
23
Priority area 3. Assisting Farmers in Disasters Situations to Restore Agricultural
Systems
The National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) of Mongolia informed that
one third of 20-30 annual average climatic hazardous phenomena reach disaster level and the
direct loss to only agricultural sector estimates as 5-7 billion MNT.
But, no records reported from SHs about activity on Assisting Farmers in Disasters
Situations to Restore Agricultural Systems in Mongolia. There is no formal mechanism,
arrangements for rapid acquisition of PGRFA in place when disaster strikes in the country .
At the moment there weren’t occurred serious disaster situations in the country there
isn’t any experience on post disaster restoration on reintroduction of PGRFA.
It is important to improve legal issues and infrastructure conditions of National program on
restoration of locally adapted germplasm and acquisition of PGRFA following disaster
situation in the country and improve the “Disaster emergency law” of Mongolia.
Priority area 4. Promoting In-situ Conservation of Crop Wild Relatives and Wild
Plants for Food protection
The significant activities conducted by the government of Mongolia to promote in-situ
conservation of wild plants and wild genetic resources in Mongolia.
Mongolia has taken substantial steps towards achieving legal protection of species
inside and outside of protected areas. At present totally 38 protected areas covering! 7.4
million hectare which is 11.1% of the country have been established. These include 12
strictly prohibited areas,7 National conservation parks, 13 nature reserves and 6 natural and
historical monuments.
The several relevant documents such as “ Law on Natural Plants of Mongolia” in
1995; “ Mongolian Law on Forests”; “ National Biodiversity Action Plan”; “ National Action
Plan for Specially Protected Areas“; “ Government Guidelines on Ecology and National
Security“; “ Law on medical treatment”, ”The red book of Mongolia” in 1987 and 1997. In,
2002 the Government Resolution No.105 on “Conservation and sustainable use of rare plants
of Mongolia” and other documents concerning to conservation, restoration and sustainable
utilization of medicinal plant species of Mongolia have been released.
Also, the Ministry of Nature and Tourism of Mongolia in collaboration with World
Bank and Government of Neitherland implementing project on the development of “Law on
Genetic Resources” in Mongolia.
Efforts are on-going to continue activities related to the conservation of wild and wild
relatives of PGRFA and have been one of the strategies and action plan contained in the
National Biodiversity Policy.
The SHs suggesting to improve capacity building of protected areas, national parks
and natural reserves and provide equipment tools and competent staff specialized on plant
taxonomy and genetic diversity of the wild relatives and the international assistance of fund
and technology is needed. .
24
Priority area 5. Sustaining Existing Ex-Situ collections
The five SHs reported that about 20 projects implemented under this priority area.
Accessions and species collected and conserved ex situ SHs are as listed in Table 6.
The safe duplication of existing crop germplasm collection had not been established at
all collections. There is information that unknown number of landraces stored at VIR in
Russia, only 25 accessions duplicated officially at CIMMYT. The regional agriculture
research institutions including DARPC, WRARI and ARBM are holding some duplicates
from PSARTI collection.
Table 6. Present status of crop genetic resources conservation in Mongolia. 2010
Institute name No.
accessions
Crop category Location Type of
preservation
Plant Science and
Agricultural
Research Training
Institute
21086 Cereals, vegetables,
industrial, oil crops,
wild relatives, fruit tree
Darkhan Short-term
and
Long-term
Research Institute of
Animal Husbandry
2000 Fodder grasses.
Legume crops
Ulaan
baatar
Short-term
Altai Regional
Branch of MSUA
664 Vegetables, cereals Khovd Short-term
Dornod Agriculture
Research and
Production Center of
MSUA
160 Oil crops, industrial
crops
Choil
balsan
Short-term
Western Regional
Agricultural
Research Institute of
MSUA in
Ulaangom
280 Cereals Ulaangom Short-term
Only PSARTI has long term seed storage facility and in-vitro collection of potato
germplasm and others have short term seed storage facility. Duplicates of some landraces of
PSARTI collection hold at WRARI, ARBM and DARPC in Mongolia and at VIR in Russia as
wellas CIMMYT and ICARDA.
In 2000, the National Genebank established at PSARI with technical assistance of FAO and
support from IPGRI. PSARTI has short-term seed storage facilities with holding capacities of
30,000-35,000 accessions and long-term storage facilities for 10,000 accessions. In the long-
term storage seeds stored in aluminum foil packets and stored in chest deep freezers under
25
temperature -180C and in short-term storage seeds dried to 12-13% of moisture content are
packed in paper envelopes and aluminum bags and stored under the temperature 5 - 100C.
Table 7. Status of perennial PGRFA at PSARTI
Plant category
Numbers
Field area
ha Genus
Species
varieties Plants
Fruit trees and berries 0.5 20 74 588
wild perennial useful plants for food,
medicine 0.2 21 20 291
Ornamental perennials 0.3 16 21 335
Total
1 ha 57 115 1214
The passport data, characterization and evaluation data of each accession available on
manual form at each SHs.
Since 1998, the PSARTI is using Germplasm Management System (GMS) computer program
for documentation of PGR including passport data, characterization and evaluation data
management.
SHs reported that Mongolia still has low technical capability and facility for
conservation PGRFA at the national level and the lack of funding, insufficient staff,
insufficient equipment, lack of facilities and occurrence of pests and diseases are the still main
limiting factors for efficient conservation of PGRFA in the country. The number of urgent
actions required to be implemented in near future including:
- Securing and improving the existing Ex-Situ collections of PGRFA throughout
the country and set up duplicate genebank and promoting In-Situ conservation
- Regenerating threatened Ex-Situ Accessions
- Supporting planned and targeted collecting of Plant Genetic Resources for
Food and Agriculture
- Promoting high diversity in germplasm collection to reduce Genetic
Vulnerability
- improving existing germplasm database and developing data management
system of PGR in Mongolian language at national level
- Setting up the network on PGR documentation at National and Regional level
- Implementing genetic diversity study of Mongolia landraces and wild relatives
26
Priority area. 6. Regenerating threatened ex-situ accession
Under this priority area five SHs who are mainly involved into regeneration of
PGRFA reported that 20 projects implemented in the country. The regeneration of PGR ex-
situ collections hold by SHs conducted based on the seed viability result and when low seed
amount recorded. The germplasm accessions in ex-situ collection are not classified according
to threats.
The regeneration activities of existing ex-situ collections covered under the national
projects on PGRFA which is regular research project funded by STF Mongolia. .
SHs reported that regeneration of open pollinated varieties especially various
vegetables PGR are time consuming and costly requiring isolation facilities.
SHs suggested that the crop specific regeneration guidelines including adequate
population size, suitable regeneration condition, appropriate sampling strategies in Mongolian
language required which could reduce genetic changes, the training and isolation facilities
required for improvement of regeneration crop species. Also, regional and international
assistance in the area of training of local researchers, funding and capacity building for
adequate regeneration are very essential.
Priority area. 7. Supporting planned and targeted collecting of PGRFA
The SHs reported 15 projects on collecting PGRFA and more that 20 projects on
natural PGR were implemented under this priority area in the country.
The collecting of PGRFA are mainly carried out by MSUA affiliated research
institutes including PSARTI, DARPC, WRARI, ARBM and MSUA.
The target crops of collecting were landraces and new introduced varieties which
cultivated by farmers and aiming at enriching initial breeding materials for breeding and crop
improvement.
The SHs reported that the lack of fund for conducting further collections is still the
main constraint and suggested conducting collecting of threatened PGRFA especially along
the state border areas, define geographical location references data of existing landraces,
develop guidelines and manuals for collecting and train local staff.
The systematic study on exploration of natural plant genetic resources started since
1940s when government of Mongolia invited Russian researchers lead by Dr. I.A.Tsatsenkin,
A.A.Unatov and B.I.Grubov. Especially, A.A.Unatov focused on rare and useful plant species
giving emphasis on plant species of medicinal value.
Since then a number of research activities and field collecting trips successfully conducted
carried out by research organizations and individuals to numerous rich floristic areas in
remote regions of Mongolia including Mongolian Altai, Gobi Altai, Zuungarian gobi,
Eastern Mongolia, South Siberia, Mongolian Dahuur. Many team expeditions to
Khuvsgul, Khentei, Khangain mountain, Zuungarian, Altain South and Alashaa gobi,
Mongolian Dahuur, Eastern Mongolian steppe and Khingan mountain regions.
27
Among them, the biggest, productive event was a Joint Russian-Mongolian Complex
Biological Expedition conducted since 1970. Over 40 years large-scale integrated study on
ecosystem research has been performed involving highly qualified researchers of Russia and
Mongolia. This expedition research developed first synthetic map of Mongolian flora and
ecosystem and this was the basis of further set of measures to establish protected areas of
Mongolia.
Priority area.8. Expanding ex-situ conservation activities
The SHs reported that several field collections of fruit trees, berries, ornamentals and
medicinal PGRFA and wild plant genetic resources exist at agricultural research organization
and institutes of MAS.
The field genebank of cultivated species of temperate fruits, berries, ornamentals and
some rare medicinal plant species are stored at PSARTI and WRARI. Also RIAH hold field
collection of cultivated forms and selected wild types of perennial fodder plants germplesm
which are essential source for fodder plant breeding in the country.
The MSUA has established new field genebank of rare and medicinal PGR originated from
Eastern Mongolia at Kherlen Bayanulaan in Khentii province in 2004.
The ex-situ field collections of natural PGR are held at the Institute of Botany of MAS in the
Botanical Garden in Mongolia. This garden has a collection of 9250 plant stands of various
useful plants (Enkhtuvshin.B et al. 1999) but an adequate documentation of this collection
doesn’t exist at the moment. Also, the Laboratory of Plant Systematic holds about 100,000-
herbarium specimen and seed collection of 2800 species of natural plants belonging to 662
genera and 128 families. At present this laboratory works on systematic documentation of
specimen and seed collection (Undarmaa, 2003). The herbarium also contains plant species
from other countries and regions including largest are from Russia, 100 sheets from Germany,
200 sheets are from Bulgaria, South Korea, Hungary and et.c.
In addition, Institute of Botany holds seed collection of 95.0 percent of seed plants (2700
species) from the flora of Mongolia. The Seed herbarium (UBA) has totally over 800
seeds of 402 species of 243 genera of 74 families.
Constraints listed by stakeholders include limited funding, shortage of labour, land and
expertise. The SHs suggested to expand field collections of perennial PGRFA and identified
the need to undertake in vitro conservation, cryopreservation and develop guidelines and
manuals for field genebank management. The regional and internationals support and
assistance are required.
Priority area 9. Expanding the characterization, evaluation and number of
core collections to facilitate use
SHs reported that the characterization and evaluation of PGRFA are mainly conducted
under the routine project on “Agricultural crop genetic resources” which is by MOFALI and
28
funded by STF Mongolia. All regional agricultural research institutions including WRARI,
DARPC, ARBM and RIAH are involved into the project implementation. Since 1991, the 5
projects implemented. Also, additional crop specific projects carried out.
The characterization and evaluation of PGRFA mainly focused on the morphological
characters and agronomic traits. The SHs involved in the characterization and evaluation of
PGR are used VIR and IPGRI descriptors and the Mongolian version of crop descriptors
developed for 20 major crop species at PSARTI. But, no SHs reported that capability to
conduct molecular marker characterization.
Evaluation on potential biological characters for resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses and
productivity traits including yield, tolerance to cold temperature and drought, short maturity
et.c are mainly focused.
Characterization and evaluation data were documented mostly in manual form at all
SHs only PSARTI and Institute of Botany have some electronic database on germplasm
characterization and evaluation.
Only 1 core collection of 1952 wheat accessions established in Mongolia so far the
complexity of the methodology causing a limitation in establishing the core collection.
Constraints listed by stakeholders include limited funding, shortage of staff, lack of
laboratory facilities for molecular study, lack of experience, appropriate methodology of core
collection.
The SHs reported that further actions and supports on facility improvement, training of
local research staff on the creation of core collection and molecular studies and continuing
development of plant descriptors are required from local government, regional and
international level.
Priority area 10. Increasing Genetic Enhancement and Base- Broadening Efforts
The SHs reported about 10 projects implemented on crop improvement of major
cultivated plants including wheat, barley, oat, potato, vegetables, fruits and some annual
fodder crops. The breeding of wheat, barley and some major vegetable varieties conducted
mainly at PSARTI, breeding of barley at WRARI and breeding of perennial fodder species
conducted at RIAH. Other institutions are mainly carried out variety test of different plants
and varieties.
Most of the germplasm utilized in crop improvement were obtained from
national genebank, CGIAR genebanks and countries of collaboration.
Table. 8 Capability of institutions to conduct crop breeding and improvement activities
No. Institution Crop category Breeding and
crop
improvement
capability
29
1. Plant Science and Agricultural Research
Institute
Wheat, barley, oat,
millet, potato,
cabbage, turnip,
beets, carrot, tomato,
onion, pepper,
sorghum, triticale,
pea, fruit treesetc
increasing
2. Western Regional Agricultural Research
Institute of MSUA in Ulaangom
Barley, vegetables,
fruits, Decreasing
3. Dornod Agriculture Research and
Production Center of MSUA
Wheat, pea, soybean,
rapes, maize,
sunflower, fruits
stable
4. Altai Regional branch of MSUA
Cucumber, melon,
sunflower, maize,
watermelon, barley,
Decreasing
5. Research Institute of Animal Husbandry
Perennial grasses.
Fairway crested
wheatgrass, Sibirian
wildrye, alfa-alfa,
Lucerne, clover
Increasing
6. Institute of Botany
Natural medicinal
and rare plant
domestication:
Adonis mongolica
Sim, Glysyrrhiza
uralensis fisgz,
Hippophae
rhamnoides L,
Thlaspi arvense L,
Sophora
alopecuroides L,
Elaeagnus
Moorcroftii, Ephedra
eduisetina, Asparagus
spp,
stable
7. School of Agrobiology Wheat, pea, lentil,
chickpea, artichoke, stable
For the genetic broadening and genetic enhancement of wheat germplasm the physical
and chemical mutation technique used at PSARTI and 5 projects implemented through IAEA
fund since 1980s.
30
Generally no farmers are involved in the crop improvement programs but TRD project
funded by Canadian Government did some initiative to involve farmers into crop
improvement activities and result was very promising.
SHs emphasized need for expanding the genetic enhancement activities including initiating
breeding of new crops, production of hybrid seed materials, organizing training on plant
breeding and genetics, facility improvement of breeding activities and increase number of
research and technical staff and funding. There is also need for support an initiatives of
farmers participatory crop improvement activities in the country.
Priority area 11. Promoting Sustainable Agriculture through Diversification of
Crop Production and Broader Diversity in Crops,
There are 30 projects listed under this priority area by 5 SHs. The objective of crop
diversification projects are to test and find appropriate crop types and varieties that suitable to
grow under various agro-ecological conditions Mongolia. The crops mainly involved in crop
diversification projects are: rye, maize, sunflower, rapeseed, flax, sudan grass, sorghum, leaf
vegetables, legumes including pea, lentil, chickpea, soybean, broadbean etc.
In Mongolia the monoculture cultivation of wheat is dominated of (more than 90%) due to the
market situation. It is essential in Mongolia to have new crops for rotation.
The major constraints listed by SHs for introduction of new crops are marketing and
commercial obsrtacles, lack of appropriate machinery, production technology, insufficient
amount of certified seeds, lack of farmers' acceptance
SHs suggested to enhance production of hybrid seed materials of major vegetables, to
rehabilitate activities of State variety test commission and seed production of new crops to be
initiated.
Priority area 12. Promoting Development and Commercialization of Under- Utilized
Crops and Species
Under this category only 1 project listed by PSARTI. There are list of crops that have
potential value but under-utilized in the country. The most potential underutilized crops are
Allium sativum, Allium fistulosum, Capsicum annuum, Brassica oleracea var. chinensis,
Allium chinense, Pisum sativum, Solanum melongena, Lactuca sativa var. capitata, Vicia
faba, Panicum miliaceum.
Due to mainly limited market and commercial value these crops are underutilized
However these crops still have value in many remoteand therefore appropriate strategies and
plan of action on those under-utilized crop species needed.
Priority area 13. Supporting Seed Production and Distribution
31
The SHs reported 12 projects under this priority area. Projects are implemented by
research organizations and mainly focused on production of elite and super-elite seed material
of registered varieties of wheat, potato and some vegetables like head cabbage, turnip, beet,
carrot and onions.
It is reported that the current situation of elite seed supply to domestic producers is
very poor. After the collapse of centrally planned system the all state owned large agriculture
properties has been privatized and in consequence the small private farms with limited
financial resources were unable to afford for the standard pure seed production activities
which led to full collapse of national seed production system in Mongolia. Since then the
grain seed quality declined year to year. The annual demand for seed to domestic producer
estimated to require in case of wheat 40000-45000 tons, in case of potato 35000-36000 tons
and in case of vegetables it is 16-18 tons, approximately.
The grain producers use seed from own harvest from previous years or from other
commercial farmers based on the rumor that had better harvest. The vegetable producers tend
to buy imported seeds at supermarket or buy directly from uncertified vegetable growers. But
most of them are not satisfy producers’ demand and tends to end in poor harvest.
The State Commission for Testing and inspecting new varieties under MOFALI
inspects new varieties before they released for commercial production. The Commission
comprises 17 members including chairman and secretary and leading researchers and
representatives from MSUA, PSARTI and State quarantine department.
The 16 test sites in different agro-ecological zones existed and carried out intensive
tests of new crop varieties until 1992. But. Now, these sites are collapsed and privatised.
There is law on “Crop varieties and seed” which was released in 1999. This is the only
document which regulates crop seed production activities in Mongolia at the moment.
There are few government programs in place to promote seed sector in Mongolia including
the Green revolution program 2004-2012, the National program on “Rehabilitation of crop
sector” of the Government of Mongolia, the Government policy on Food and Agriculture
sector-2004-2015 and the National program for Food Security 2009-2016.
There no specific incentives provided to seed producer but wheat producers are getting
incentives of 50000-80000 tugric per ton of grain.
The most of SHs emphasized the need for improvement and restoration of current seed
supply system and seed policy in the country. SHs conclude following activities need to be
implemented to improve the national system of seed production in Mongolia:
- To enable the sufficient production of parent seed material of grain crops at research
institutions that would play significant role in further promoting mass production of
superior elite and super elite seed production.
- To establish the entire national system or network of elite and super elite seed
production and supply.
- To increase the production of certified seed class 1 and 2 and to improve quality
control in seed production.
- To involve farmers in seed supply chain as official and unofficial seed producers
32
- Improve legislation and other acts for seed production and plant breeding,
variety registration and protection; seed quality control and certification;
commercialization of seed, processing and marketing etc
- To provide incentives and other supports to seed producers.
Priority area 14. Developing New Markets for Local Varieties and 'Diversity- Rich'
Products There are some government programs in place including National program for Food
Security 2009-2016 where crop diversification activities planned and supported.
SHs provided list of crops that the local varieties have or may have high market
potential including Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Panicum miliaceum, Brassica
oleracea var. capitata, Allium fistulosum, Allium sativum, Allium tuberosum, Lactuca
augustana and Hippophae rhamnoides.
The major constraints in the development of new markets for local varieties and
diversity products reported the lack of processing industry, lack of planting materials and
marketing to customers.
Priority area 15. Building Strong National Programs
There isn’t official legal framework or government unit responsible for regulation of
the establishment of the national strategy, plan and program on conservation and sustainable
use of PGRFA and coordination. However, the director of Foreign Affairs Department of the
MOFALI is official representation to FAO PGR commission and there is continuous support
from the ministry on implementation of research projects on conservation of PGRFA. There
isn’t any legal document for regulation of PGRFA except the law on “Crop varieties and
seed”.
The research projects on conservation and sustainable use PGRFA implemented by the
research institutes of MSUA including PSARTI, WRARI, DARPC, ARBM and RIAH. At the
moment the research and other activities related to PGRFA are mainly coordinated by
PSARTI.
The situation in natural PGR is little different. There are national action plan on the
“Conservation of Biological Diversity” in place since 1996 . In addition, several laws
including Law on natural plants, Law on protected areas, Law on Natural protection, Law on
Forest conservation etc are implemented in the country.
Also, the Ministry of Nature and Tourism of Mongolia in collaboration with World
Bank and Government of Netherlands implementing project on the development of “Law on
Genetic Resources” in Mongolia.
In September 1993, the Ministry of Nature and Tourism of Mongolia has entered into
an agreement to implement the Convention on Biological Diversity.
SHs listed constraints in building strong national progr are:
- There isn’t national program on PGRFA and priorities are still not set
33
- Lack of legal frame work and status for establishment and coordination of
national program for PGRFA. PGRFA activities limited only by activities of
research organizations.
- The genebank of PGRFA is belongs to MECS but PGRFA projects belong to
MOFALi and the lack of synergy of activities between two ministries.
- There isn’t duplicate genebank available and regional sub-banks are very weak
- Mongolia still not entered into ITPGRFA
- The crop genetic resources in Mongolia still not completely studied
The SHs strongly recommend to take action on establishment of strong national program on
conservation and utilization of PGRFA in the country and development of legal framework
and documents relevant to PGRFA and to provide support to research oragnizations holding
PGRFA and establishment national genebank and duplicate genebank based on the existing
improvement genebanks at PSARTI and other institutions.
Priority area 16. Promoting Networks for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and
Agriculture
There are not significant crop networks for PGRFA exist in Mongolia.
Priority area 17. Constructing Comprehensive Information Systems for Plant Genetic
Resources for Food and Agriculture
Only 3 SHs reported to have electronic information system but none of them linked to
web based system.
At the PSARTI the passport data, characterization and evaluation data of each
accession are available on manual format. Since 1998, the Germplasm Management System
(GMS) applied for electronic documentation including registration, passport data,
characterization and evaluation that is contributed from IPGRI. At present, passport and
characterization data of over 7000 accessions are recorded on GMS. The system need to be
updated and translated into Mongolian language.
The Laboratory of Plant Resources and Introduction of the Institute of Botany works
on the database development of useful plants of Mongolia jointly with the Institute of
Information Technology. At the moment, the 134 families, over 680 genus and about 2900
species including important information of plant names, habitat, description, status, digital
image and others are recorded in the Database of Mongolian flora. The distribution map for
each species and digital database are in progress.
The Research Institute of Animal Husbandry (RIAH) has manual format of passport,
characterization and evaluation data.
The SHs listed constraints including lack of funding, information specialist, computer
facilities and most important is lack of specific database program for PGR management in
Mongolian language.
34
SHs suggested to develop computer based documentation program in Mongolian
language and apply same program nationwide and organize training on the use of information
system. Also, there is opportunity to use GRIN Global for database management and it will
enable to connect to international information databases
Priority Area 18. Developing Monitoring and Early Warning Systems for Loss of Plant
Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
The current mechanism for monitoring genetic erosion mainly conducted in the form
of land surveys, environmental impact assessment in the new mining areas. There are need
for mechanism for assessing genetic erosion and genetic vulnerability on scientific basis in the
country. The lack of know-how, available competent staff, funding and legislation are main
constraints in this priority area. The regional and international assistance is essential to build
national system for assessment and monitoring the genetic erosion in the country. Priority Area 19. Expanding and Improving Education and Training
SHs reported that there is no national strategy for training and education on sustainable
conservation of PGRFA in the country. There are some opportunities for university level
training and short training courses in the region and internationally but lack of financial
support and language the local genetic resources staff can’t participate most of training.
Locally, the MSUA has subjects related to conservation of PGRFA in the training
program and offers to interested students of agronomy, ecology and land management classes.
SHs emphasizes importance short and long term training activities for local staff in the
fields the use of biotechnology or genetic resources studies, germplasm management in the
genebank, database management of PGRFA. Also, training and demonstration activities need
to be organized for the improvement of public awareness including not only farmers,
researchers also important government policy, administration officers and school children
about the conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA.
Priority Area 20 Promoting Public Awareness of the Value of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Conservation and Use
The public awareness on the value of PGRFA is limited in the country. There is no
formal programs and coordinated activities in place to promote Public awareness. The public awareness activity on natural wild PGR are organized MNET, NGOs and mainly by projects funded by foreign donors. Whereas public awareness of PGRFA mostly organized by research organizations conducting project on conservation and utilization of PGRFA, partly organized by NGOs and international organizations.
The major constraints listed in this area are the insufficient number of staff and staff doesn’t have experience and skill, national priorities have not been established and it is not very clear which organization is responsible for this activity.
The PSARTI stated that it is essential to organize national meeting on the safe
conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA and to set up national priorities, responsible focal
35
organizations for PGRFA and dispense responsibilities and obligations.
Also international assistance and support is needed for the improvement of public
awareness
5.Difficulties and lessons learned:
During the implementation of NISM-GPA Mongolia the most certain difficulty was that due to the
lack of the skill using electronic form of NISM software and the everyday normal workload of SHs the
most of the data was in the manual form. This situation took much time of NFP to encode to the
system. Therefore, it is essential the SHs should be familiarized on the use and operation of the NISM-
GPA software and on hand training is needed.
Also, the different reaction from officials and heads of institutes had been observed
that some of them not well understood objective of the NISM and didn’t want to collaborate
whereas most of SHs and government officials reacted very positively. The Bio-safety
regulation department of the MNET expressed their interest on using the NISM-GPA
Mongolia database for creation of database of professionals specialized for genetic resources
and crop improvement activity in the country.
The computer application of NISM was very useful but some functions need to be
improved. For example in the reference table the information to be classified.
Also, when answering priority area 5.4 the ex-situ collection name linked to protab instead of
organization. Because, the ex-situ collections hold by institutes but not by project.
6. Conclusions and future plan
Mongolia, successfully implemented the first phase of establishment of National
Information Sharing Mechanism in the Monitoring of the Implementation of the GPA in
Mongolia (NISM-GPA) and fount the system very useful mechanism to assess the current
situation of conservation and utilization of PGRFA in the country and to improve further plan
policy and set priorities in this area.
This is first time provided opportunity to assess current status of conservation and
utilization of PGRFA in Mongolia.
The project result has revealed the key research organizations, individuals, projects and
activities relevant to collecting, conservation and sustainable utilization of PGRFA, the status
of responsible government organizations for conservation of PGRFA and their relations, the
legal status of PGR conservation and constraints and opportunities.
This information database would help for setting priorities, responsibilities, effective
planning of projects and activities relevant to PGRFA as well as designating national focal
body in the future. It will also contribute to policymakers, farmers, researchers, government
organizations and public to get overview about the current situation of conservation of
PGRFA.
Based on the information gathered it can be concluded that the current status of
activities conservation and utilization PGRFA in Mongolia is very weak. There are a lot of
36
uncertainties in terms of policy, priority areas and organization structure of implementation of
GPA. But, it is observed that the survey, inventory and conservation activities of natural PGR
in the country are done quite sufficiently and the legislation of genetic resources activities,
regional and international collaboration are relatively well coordinated by the MNET.
The lack of clear policy and priority on PGRFA, insufficient funding, technical
capability and facility for conservation PGRFA, equipment, laboratory facilities especially for
germplasm storage and characterization, lack of competent experienced research staff are the
main limiting factors in the conservation and utilization of PGRFA and the support from
regional and international organizations needed.
The report of the project with appropriate recommendations would be submitted to
relevant ministry and other government agencies and policy makers in the country. This
would contribute to strengthen activities relevant to conservation and sustainable utilization of
PGRFA in the country.
The start was successful and this success should not be stopped with the termination of
the project. The NISM-GPA Mongolia is all about us and first of all is essential for
Mongolians rather than others. Therefore, we propose to continue next phase of the project.
Of course we can contribute some but not everything. So we need support from project donors
and FAO. The PSARTI would contribute maintaining the system running and continue to
improve, update the database as one component of local project on crop genetic resources.
The permanent staff for genebank database management will be responsible for continued
updating and improvement of the system.
37
Annex
Annex 1: Schedule of NISM implementation
Time Activity Output Budget
(US$)
Reporting to FAO
Dec 2009 Meetings with
authorities to explain
project
Support of authorities
for the project
100
Dec 2009 Survey of stakeholders List of stakeholders
prepared
500 Report on stakeholders
Jan-Feb
2009
First stakeholders
meeting
Stakeholders
understanding
achieved
1000 Report of the meeting
Jan-Feb
2009
Provision of
equipment for project
accomplishment
Facilities provided 4600 List of facilities
provided
Jan-March
2010
Common Tables
prepared and initial
data filled in
Common Tables
prepared
500 Common Tables
provided
March 2010 Web portal for
Mongolia
Web site established 500 Web site visible on
internet
First Budget allocation 7200
Mar-June
2010
Gathering main SH
data (including travel)
(Group 1)
Data
gathered/inputted
3000 Update report
June-Dec
2010
Filling in data
(including budget for
personnel)
Data added to the
system
3000 Update report
July-Sept
2010
Follow up visits to
Main Stakeholders
(Group 1)
Stakeholders provided
with support for data
sharing
3000 Update report
Sept - Nov
2010
Add data from new
stakeholders to NISM
(including travel)
NISM_GPA database
improved
3000 Update report
38
(Group 2)
Second Budget allocation 12000
Jan-May
2011
Data analysis and
validating information
NISM_GPA database
improved and
validated
2300 Update report
June 2011 Draft reports and
discuss final
achievements of the
project with
stakeholders
Final database
distributed to
Stakeholders
1500 Report on final meeting
July-Sept
2011
Finalize reports and
translated
Final report submitted
to FAO
1000 Final reports submitted
to FAO
Final Budget allocation 4800
Total Budget 24,000
39
Annex 2. Ex-situ collection of PGRFA at PSARTI
№ Genus species Total
accession
type
Origin landraces Introduced
Foreign
landraces
Modern
variety
Breeding
lines
unknown
1 Triticum spp 7760 575 103 3763 3180 139
Mongolia, Russia, Europe,
USA, Canada, India, Korea,
Egypt, Nepal, Mexico, China,
Kazakhstan, Korea, Japan,
New Zealand ,Australia ,
Austria, Bulgaria,
Chiha,Rumania, Mongolia,
Poland,Chile, Chez, Hungary,
Iran, Ethiopia, Morocco,
Italy, Portugal, Israel,
Tunisia, Peru,
Yugoslavia,Germany,Turkey,
Pakistan,Sudan, Nepal,
Afghanistan, Kenya,
Armenia,Uzbekistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbek
Bengieria,Chile, Sudan,
Kenya, Cardin,
Sweizari,Tadjekhstan, Franz,
Algeria, Cilia,Sera, Mongolia,
Span, Mongolia, Azerbaijan,
Ukraine, Kyrgyz, Tajek,
,Swissair,Portugal, Great
Britain, Grieg,Pineland,
40
Kumar,
2 Hordeum
vulgare 5734 350 105 1127 3266 886
Mongolia, Russia, Europe,
USA, Canada, India, Korea,
Egypt, Nepal, Mexico, China,
Poland,Kazakhstan, South
Korea, Japan, Ukraine, Chez,
New Zealand,
Germany,Poland, Hungary ,
Dani, Kyrgyz, Norwegian,
Sweden, Nederland, Franc,
Germany, Pinelanд, Ethiopia,
Holland Англи, Аргентин,
Turk, Australia, Ireland,
Bilge, Latvia, Azerbaijan
Rumania
3 Panicum
milliaceum 400 26 34 118 33 185
Mongolia, Russia, Europe,
China, South Korea, Tadjek,
Gurj, Kazakhstan, Ukraine,
Uzbekistan, Dagestan,
Kyrgyz, Afghanistan, Chez
4 Avena sativa 1490 51 65 681 405 288
Mongolia, Russia, Europe,
USA, Canada, China, New
Zealand, Peru, Chez,
Yugoslavia, Slovak, Peru
Austere, Ethiopia,
Turk,Chile, Germany
Ukraine, Bulgaria, Sweden,
41
Belarusian, Holland, Franc
5 Triticale cereal
L 600 - - - 20 571 9
Russia, Europe, Mexico,
USA, India, Canada, Poland,
Hungary, Romania, Ukraine,
Sweden, Pумын, Japan,
Kyrgyzstan, Egypt, Germany,
Bulgaria
6 Secale cereale 230 3 18 18 158 42 4
Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria,
Yugoslavia , Kazakhstan
Poland, Czech, USA,
Canada, Mexico, Japan
Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Sweden,
Pineland, Germany, Armenia,
Norwegian, Austria,
Belarusian, Aston, Latvia,
Hungary, Turk
7 Zea maize 103 1 - - 61 37 4
Mongolia, Russia, Europe,
USA, Canada, China, New
Zealand, Korea. Japan,
Hungary, India, Bulgaria,
India Rumania
8
Helianthus
annuus L
76 - 9 9 38 25 6
South Korea, Germany,
Yugoslavia , Russia, Hungary,
Turk, USA, China
, Belarusian, Bulgaria, India
9 Fagopyrum
esculentum 86 - 18 18 62 - 6
Russia, Lithia, Belarusian,
Ukraine, China, Japan,
42
Moench Hungary Орос, эстон,
Belarusian, Chez, Ukraine,
South Korea
10
Pisum sativum
L
275 10 1 1 222 23 8
Uzbekistan ,Japan, Russia ,
Turk, Israel, Egypt, Kyrgyz,
Chez, Latvia, Hungary, Turk,
Franc,Sweden, Germany,
Nederland, America, Canada,
Israel
11
Glycine
hispida. Maxim
200 - - - 100 92 3
China, Russia, Germany,
Austria, Taiwan, South Korea
, Japan, India, Chez,
Yugoslavia , Hungary,
Canada, Bulgaria, America
12 Vicia sativa L
35 - - - 32 - 3
13
Vigna
unguiculata (L)
Walp
58 7 - - 19 - 32
China,Hungary, Russia, Levi,
Chez
Poland, Ukraine,
Germany,America, Canada
14
Ervum Lens L.
esculenta
Moench
27 2 - - 17 2 6 Canada, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia
15 Cicer arietinum
L 63 1 1 1 28 14 20
Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary,
Russia, India, Italy,
Kazakhstan, Hungary
Uzbekistan, Canada
16 Arachis 108 - 1 1 28 32 47 Vietnam, Bulgaria, Conical ,
43
hypogaea L. Cuba, China, Malibu,
Jamaica, Argentine, Brazil,
Turkey, Malays, USA, India,
Brazil, Israel, Zambia, South
America, Given, Cuba,
Russia, Bulgaria, Japan,
Argentina, Brazila, Bolivia,
South Africa
17 Amaranthus
spp. 77 - - - 15 18 44
Nepal, USA, China, Rumania,
Peru,Germany, India, Canada,
Mexico America, Franz,
Bolivia, Hungary, Argentina,
Portugal, India, Yugoslavia
18 Medicago
sativa L 130 9 2 2 103 5 5
Russia, Kyrgyzstan, USA,
Canada, Franc, Hungary,
Ukraine, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyz,Tadjik, India, New
Zealand
19 Trifolium ызз
55 - - - 53 - 2
Latvia, piston, Russia,
Canada, Tadjik, Armenia
,Chez, Kazakhstan, Latvia,
Kyrgyz, New Zealand
20 Bromus inermis
Leyss 40 - - - 40 - -
America, Ukraine, Belarusian,
Piston, Russia, Canada,
Armenia, Chez, Kazakhstan,
Latvia, Kyrgyz, New Zealand,
Hungary, Sweden, China
21 Agropyron 9 - - - 9 - - Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz
44
cristatum (L)
gaertn
22 Onobrychis
viciaefolia Scop 12 - - - 12 - -
Russia, Grain, Uzbek,
Armenia, Canada
23 Festuca spp 29 - - - 28 - 1
Russia, Latvia, Azerbaijan,
Kyrgyz, Latvia, Piston,
Ukraine, Belarusian, Canada
24
Sorghum
sudanese
(Piper) St
15 - - - 13 - 2 Rumania, Russia, Hungary,
China, Kazakhstan
25
Brassica napus
L var. oleifera
(L) Reich
42 - - - 37 - 5
Korea, Sweden Russia, Chez,
Korea, Germany, Canada,
Dane, Japan Ukraine
26 Cannabis sativa 19 1 - - 2 2 14
Russia, China, Ukraine,
Rumania, Yugoslavia ,
Bulgaria
27
Linum
ussitatissimum
L
55 2 - - 44 6 2
Russia, Chez, America,
Germany, Nederland,
Pineland, Canada
28 Carthamus
tinctorius L 7 - - - 5 2 -
Hungary , England, Japan,
Morocco
29 Solanum
melongena L 24 3 - - 18 2 1
Bulgaria, India, Russia,
China, America, Egypt ,
Bulgaria, Germany, Iизрайл
30 Lycopersicon
esculentum Mill 531 21 - - 386 110 15
Russia, Japan, Germany,
Israel, Bulgaria, Mongolia,
Hungary, China
Chez, Poland, Canada,
45
Holland, Japan,
Korea,Ukraine
31 Capsicum
annuum L, 182 16 2 2 128 19 17
India, Russia China, Japan,
Bulgaria, Hungary,USA,
South Korea, Ukraine,
Uzbekistan, Germany, Chez,
Grousin, Yugoslavia , Brazil,
Israel
32
Citrullus
lanatus (Thunb)
Matsum et Nak
188 46 109 6 10
33 Cucurbita
maxima Duch 141 21 107 3 -
34 Solanum
tuberosum 80 3 57 20 6
35 Cucumis melo, 120 21 87 6 8
36 Cucumis
sativus L 260 49 155 48 34
37 Brassica spp. 406 51 3 237 82 33
India, China, Russia, Japan,
Korea, Germany, USA,
Mongolia, Canada,
Mongolia, Chez, Holland,
Bulgaria, Hungary
38 Brassica napus
L. var. rapifera 104 44 - 48 8 4
Korea, Poland, Bulgaria,
China, Mongolia ,Russia,
Pineland, Dane, Sweden, Nor
beg, Franc, Latvia, Canada,
Piston, Korea, Japan
46
39 Brassica rapa
L. ssp. rapifera 36 1 - 33 - 2
Russia, Mongolia, Latvia,
Canada, Poland, America,
Germany, Sweden
40 Beta vulgaris L,
esculenta. 110 7 1 98 - 4
Russia, Japan, Korea,
Hungary , Holland, Chez,
Germany, Israel, America,
Bulgaria, Turk, Canada
41
Beta vulgaris L.
var.
Saccharifera
44 4 - 32 8 -
China, Russia, Holland,
Germany, Chez, Dane,
Ukraine, England,
Afghanistan
42 Allium
tuberosum 92 7 - 80 5 -
Nepal, USA, Russia, Ukraine,
Chez, Hungary, Germany ,
Nederland, Span, Egypt,
India, Canada, Israel
43 Allium
festulosum L. 83 42 2 24 - 15
Russia, Mongolia, Japan,
China, Korea, Canada,
America,
44 Other onions 56 5 - 5 5 16
Russia, Mongolia, Japan,
China,Germany , Chez,
Canada, America
45 Daucus carota
L 158 33 3 109 8 5
Ukraine,Russia, Japan,
China, South Korea, Bulgaria,
Chez, Hungary, Nederland,
Poland, Italy, Georgia
Argentina, Canada, America
46 Raphanus
sativus L, 108 20 - 84 - 4
Japan, China, Russia, Chez,
Hungary, Uzbekistan,
47
radiculus Germany, Kazakhstan,
Vietnam, Israel, America,
Korea, Canada
47 Raphanus
raphanistroides 70 9 - 51 2 8
Japan, South Korea, India,
Russia, Germany, Chez,
Uzbekistan, Canada, South
Korea, Nepal
48 Anethum
graveolens L. 71 26 3 15 - 27
Russia, Afghanistan, China,
Egypt, Mongolia, Kazakhstan
, Germany, America, Sweden,
Canada
49 Lactuca sativa
L 109 1 5 97 - 5
China, Russia, Azerbaijan,
Japan, Egypt, Vietnam,
Bulgaria, Chez, Ukraine,
Nederland, America, Israel,
Germany, Hungary, Holland,
Canada, Korea
50 Spinacia
oleracea L 54 15 3 20 3 13
Russia,China, Nepal, USA,
Japan, Egypt
Hungary, Japan, Germany,
Canada, America, Korea
51 Coriandrum
sativum L 28 5 2 21 - -
Russia, Georgia , Germany,
England, Franc, Czech,
Austria, America
52 Coriandrum
sativum L 26 18 1 1 - 6 Russia, Bulgaria, Armenia
53 Apium
graveolens L. 26 5 4 17 - -
Russia, Canada, Japan,
America, Germany, China,
48
Bulgaria, Chez
54 Spices and leaf
vegetables 93 4 7 54 - 28
Russia, Japan, Canada, USA,
Uber Mongolia, Russia,
Poland, Bulgaria, England,
America, Germany, Chez,
Holland
total 21086 1515 86 393 8908 8090 1982
49
Annex 3. Ex-situ collection of PGRFA at WRARI in Ulaangom
№ Genus species Landraces Origin
1 Allium cepa 2 Мongolia
2 Allium sativum 2 Мongolia
3 Beta vulgaris 1 Мongolia
4 Brassica napus 1 Мongolia
5 Brassica napus subsp. rapifera 1 Мongolia
6 Brassica oleracea 2 Мongolia
7 Bromus inermis 2 Мongolia
8 Daucus carota 1 Мongolia
9 Glycine hispida 1 Мongolia
10 Hippophae rhamnoides 12 Мongolia
11 Hordeum vulgare 50 Мongolia
12 Lonicera alba 5 Мongolia
13 Lycopersicon esculentum 1 Мongolia
14 Malus pumila 5 Мongolia
15 Malus pumila var. domestica 6 Мongolia
16 Medicago sativa 1 Мongolia
17 Onobrychis viciifolia 2 Мongolia
18 Prunus domestica 5 Мongolia
19 Pyrus communis 2 Мongolia
20 Ribes nigrum 4 Мongolia
21 Ribes rubrum 3 Мongolia
22 Rubus idaeus 3 Мongolia
23 Sorghum sudanense 3 Мongolia
24 Triticum aestivum 165 Мongolia
total 280
Annex 4. Ex-situ collection of PGRFA at ARB of MSUA
Genus species
Genus
species
Total accession Origin
Mon intr
Allium fistulosum 8 8 Mongolia
Apium graveolens 1 1 Mongolia
Arachis hypogaea 3 3 Mongolia
Avena sativa 7 7 Mongolia
50
Brassica campestris subsp. rapifera 21 2 19
VIR, Mongolia,
Czech
Brassica caulorapa 24 24
Czech, Denmark,
France, China
Brassica oleracea 11 4 7
Mongolia,
Russian federation
Brassica oleracea 13
5 8
India, Russian
federation,
Mongolia
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera 4 1 3 Mongolia, Czech
Capsicum annuum 12 12 China, Hungary
Carum carvi 18 18 Mongolia
Citrullus lanatus 50
8 42
Russian
federation,
Mongolia, Egypt,
Hungary, USA,
India, China,
Izreal, Japan
Coriandrum sativum 1 1 Mongolia
Cucumis melo var. reticulatus 20
20
Russian
federation, USA,
Israel
Cucumis sativus 7 7 Mongolia
Cucurbita moschata 10
10
Russian
federation,
Kyrgyzstan, USA
Daucus carota 3 3 Mongolia
Eruca sativa 13 13 Egypt, Algeria
Glycine hispida 30
30
China, India,
Yugoslav, Czech,
Austria, Bulgaria,
Vietnam, Korea,
Russian federation
Helianthus annuus 11
3 8
Mongolia,
Yugoslav,
Hungary, USA
Hordeum vulgare 40 40 Mongolia
Lycopersicon esculentum 31 10 21 Mongolia, Japan
Panicum miliaceum 3 3 Mongolia
Petroselinum sativum 2 2 Mongolia
Pisum sativum 1 1 Mongolia
51
Solanum melongena 4 4 Mongolia
Sorghum vulgare 2 2 Mongolia
Spinacia oleracea 14 14 Mongolia, USA
Triticum aestivum 217 87 130 Mongolia, Canada
Vicia faba 21 21 Mongolia
Triticale 9 9 Mongolia
Zea mays 18 35
Mongolia, china
Russia
total 629 299 347
Annex 5. The status of ex-situ field collection of perennial PGRFA at PSARTI
№ Genus and species № Name of variety Plant
number
Area
ha
Fruits and berries
1
Hippophae
rhamnoides L
1 Bayangol 10
2 Oranjevaya 10
3 Obilnaya 10
4 Solnechnaya 10
5 Chuiskaya 60
6 Zorya Dovat 5
7 Slova 5
8 Summer indian 5
2
Ribes nigrum.L 9 Primorskuii champion 5
10 Darkhan 5
11 Shaamar 5
12 Zagadka 5
13 Gorkhon 5
14 Veliur 60
15 Kharaa 5
16 Genolistnaya 5
3 Ribes rubrum 17 Taejniie Rubinii 5
4 Ribes diacantha Pall 18 Tekhiin sheeg 5
5
Cerasus vulgaris
Mill
19 Beccaya 5
20 Buzoveskay 2
21 Biologichnaya 5
22 Carmine Jewel 2
23 Seedlings 2
6
Lonicera caerula.L 24 Berry Blue 24
25 Cinderella 24
52
26 Zolushka 5
27 Golubay beretino 5
28 Gerda 5
29 Dalinnoplodnaya 2
30 Minusipickoe sladkoy 5
Lonicera tatarica L. 31 Tataar Dalan khalis 5
Pyrus communis 32 Dyumovich 2
33 Santa marija 2
Rubus idaeus L
34 Rubusa arcticum 60
35 Beclukha 60
36 Ilyuziya 10
37 Gusar 2
38 Rubinovoe ojerelie ожерелье 5
39 Stead fast 2
40 Red momoth 2
41 Honey queen 2
42 Red river 2
Malus.L
43 18-10-32 1
44 Krasa buryati 2
45 Dolgo 2
46 Ermolaeva-23 2
47 Beloe letnei 2
48 Greni Smit 2
Malus baccata 49 Stesterlegiin urel 10
Prunus L
50 Baulinsk 3
51 Nahodkaya Buryatii 3
52 Oyunaa 3
53 Buzovskaya 3
Prunus persica 54 Redheven 2
Prunus davidiana.
Franch
55 Prunus davidiana. Franch 18
Amelanchier
alnifolia
56 Martin 2
57 Honey wood 2
58 Smokey 2
59 Theissin 2
Shepherdia argentea 60 Shepherdia argentea 5
Crataegus sanguinea
Pall
61 Doloogono 5
Fragaria orientalis
Losinsk
62 Dornodiin guzeelzgene 50
53
Grossularia
acicularis
63 Urgest toshloi 2
Padus asiatica 64 Aziin monos 5
wild perennial useful plants for food, medicine
Rheum.Compactum.L 65 Gishuun 10
Elaeagnus
Moorcroftii
66 Microfiin jigd 10
Elaeagnus argentea
Pursh
67 Mungelug jigd 100
Rhodiala rosea L. 68 Altan gagnuur 10
Achillea asiatica
Serg.
69 Aziin tulegch ubes 20
Allium obliquum L 70 Sarmislag songino 20
Allium altaicum 71 Altain songino
Aconitum barbatum
Pers.
72 Shar khors 5
Paeonia anomala L 73 Yagaan steene 50
Paeonia Lactiflora
Pall.
74 Stagaan steene 10
Amygdalus
Mongolica L.
75 Mongol Builees 5
Amygdalus triloba 76 Amygdalus triloba 10
Armeniaca sibirica L 77 Sebir guils 5
Amygdali dulcis
semen.
78 Amygdali dulcis semen. 10
Sambucus
manshurica Kitag.
79 Manj gandigar 5
Asparagus dahuricus 81 Daguur khereen nud 20
Rhododendron
dahuricum L.
82 Daguur terelj 2
Ornamental perennials
Rosa acicularis Lindl 80 Urgest sarnai 50
Lilium martagon L. 83 Saraana 5
Sorbaria sorbifolia
L.
84 Teskhei tesmeg 50
Caragana spinosa
/L./ DC.
85 Urgest khargana 5
Caragana
korshinskii Kom
86 Shar khuis 50
Halimodendron 87 Khonkhot khargana 3
54
halodendron /Pall/
Acer negundo L 88 Yashil navchit agch 10
Spiraea salicifolia L. 89 Tavilgana 10
Tamarix hispida
Willd.
90 Arzgar sukhai 10
Syringa josikaea
Jacq.F.
91 Majaar golt bor 10
Platycladus
orientalis /Linn/
92 Platycladus orientalis /Linn/ 20
Forsythia suspensa
(Thunb) vahl
93 Forsythia suspensa (Thunb) vahl 5
Ulmus pumila L. 94 Tarvagan khailaas 5
Pinus sibirica L. 95 Odoi nars 2
Populus diversifolia
schrenk
96 Ulias 100
Total 96 1214 1 га
Annex 6. Medicinal plants maintained at experimental station “ Khuduu aral” of MSUA
55
. Allium altaicum Pall 24. Lagochillus illicifolius
2. Allium odorum L., 25. Limonium flexuosum
3. Allium senescens L., 26. Limonium aureum
4. Allium pollyrrhizum 27. Lilium dahuricum
5. Allium macrostemon 28. Lilium pumilum Delile.,
6. Allium mongolicum 29. Linum baicalensis
7. Allium condesatum 30. Nitraria roborowskii
8. Asparagus dahuricus 31. Paeonia lactiflora Pall.,
9. Aconitum kusnezoffii 32. Phlomis tuberosa L.,
10. Acorus calamus L 33. Polygonatum odoratum
11. Angelica dahurica 34. Rheum undulatum L.
12. Arenarinara formosa 35. Ranunculus chinensis
13. Caryopteris mongolica 36. Scorzonera capita
14. Clematis fruticosa 37. Saussurea salicifolia
15. Dichtanmus dasycarpus 38. Synurus deltoides
16. Echinops gmelinii 39. Sedum purpureum
17. Ephedra equisetina 40. Sedum aizoon
18. Ephedra sinica 41. Scutellaria baicalensis
19. Glicyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., 42. Saposhnikovia davaricata
20. Hemerocallis lilio asphodelus L 43. Thermopsis przewalskii
21. Iris bungeana 44. Thermopsis lancelota
22. Iris dichotoma 45 Veratrum nigrum
23. Iris tenuifolia 46. Valeriana alternifolia
Annex. 7. Herbarium specimens at Institute of Botany
No. Types
Sheets
1. Seed plants 80.000
2. Lichens 17.500
3. Mosses 12.000
4. Algae 3500
5. Fungus. 2500
Total 115 500