27th Session of the Working Party on the Management of Mountain Watersheds - Finland National Report

Štrbské Pleso, Slovak Republic7th - 10th April 2010

Eero KubinEero KubinFinnish Forest Research Institute,Muhos

Content

1. Geography and climate

2. Forests and water

3. National Forest Programme

4. Summary

ForestForest in in EuropeEurope

Finland is the most heavily forested country y yin Europe dominated by coniferous trees

50 percent is Scots pine 30 percent is Norway spruce16 percent the broadleaved16 percent the broadleaved trees dominated birch Percent from timber resources

foper.unu.edu

78% of Finland’s total area is forestry land and 10% is covered by waterways

There are four hectares foreest land per inhabitant. The European mean is 1.3 hectares

There are almost one million forest owners in Finland, which means that one in five citizens

f t l downs forest land

56 000 lakes over one hectare56 000 lakes over one hectare

Length of coastline is 314 604Length of coastline is 314 604 km

Percentage oft fwater surface area

< 5 %5 - 15 %

15 35 %15 – 35 %> 35 %

Original peatland area was 10 million hectares, of which a half is drainaged

Tähä ik S l i l i j k ä j kiTähän tunturikuva Suomen lapista, talvi ja kesä ja kit

Latitude is the principal influence on Finland's climate, i ll i th t f th tespecially in northern part of the country

Content

1. Geography and climate

2. Forests and water

3. National Forest Programme

4. Summary

Q id t ti l f t i 1990’

The first recommendationsThe practicability of surface waters in Finland

Quides to practical forestry since 1990’s

to protect water ecosystemwas published by Metsäteho

Excellent

Good

Satisfactory

as a small booklet Forestry and protection of watercourses” in 1996

Passable

Bad

watercourses in 1996

The booklet was the first In 1980’s

step to give recent environmental information h i lhow to carry out practical work in the forests

”Forestry and protection of watercourses” (1996)

The goals are

y p ( )

- to maintain good water quality

The goals are

- to preservethe biologicaldi ersit of the

t i d

diversity of thewater ecosystems

- to give due considerationto watercoursesto watercourses

Re-dredging of old forestry ditches is a threat for small streams

Old forest dich New forest ditch

River restoration in Finland,Esa Laajala & Timo YrjänäNorth Ostrobothnia Regonal Environment Centre, NOREC, Finland. October 2004

Intergrated forest management is very important todays forestryforestry

Latests seminar was organized by the Finnish Ministry of A i lt d F t 15 M h 2010

ForestsForests and and waterwater –– needneed of of knowledgeknowledge

Agriculture and Forestry 15 March 2010

gg

Next tree slices are modified from the presentation by Mr Kai Kaatra Head of thepresentation by Mr Kai Kaatra, Head of the Water Department of Ministry

ForestsForests, , waterwater and and climateclimate

Water and forests, the heart of the world's problems- Hunger, environmental degradation and pollution, climate change and

energy

Water and climate- Adaptation to climate change- Water cycle changes to convey the impact of climate change on society

and the natural environment- Climate change is a threat to water quantity and quality in many areas

Forests and waterForests and water- Climate Change Mitigation- Halting deforestation, forest conservation and afforestation

Forests play an important role in maintaining and improving the- Forests play an important role in maintaining and improving the adaptability of

IntergratedIntergrated forestsforests and and waterwater managementmanagement

Planning of forest Planningmanagement

Planning of water management

Water Forest management aims

management aims

flood risk managementmanagement aimsOther aims

- water resources utilizationregions use Planning of flood- regions use

- soil protection- conservation

Planning of flood risk management

Environment- floods and droughts- water and other natural mode- regions use

Economyi lt f t d fi h i

IntergratedIntergrated

- agriculture, forestry and fisheries- industry- water power + tourism services- water supplygg

catchmentcatchmentmanagementmanagement

pp y

Participation- education, skills

development

Management- legislation and other control methods

effective and skilled at central and regional government- participation of localbodies and variousstakeholdersinteraction

- effective and skilled at central and regional government- different levels and sectors between- international players- trade associations, etc.- interaction,

information and communication

Map of the ecological and chemical status of surface waters

Excellent

Good

Satisfactory

High

Good

Moderate

Poor

surface waters

y

Passable

Bad

Poor

Bad

No data

Chemical status worse than good

In 1980’s 2009

Content

1. Geography and climate

2. Forests and water

3. National Forest Programme

4. Summary

THERE HAS BEEN SEVERAL FORESTPROGRAMMES IN FINLAND SINCE 1960’S

THERE HAS BEEN SEVERAL FORESTPROGRAMMES IN FINLAND SINCE 1960’S

PROGRAMME PREPARATION SCOPE RECEIVER

MERA I II 1963 1969 Silviculture improvement GovernmentMERA I, II 1963-1969 Silviculture, improvement Government

MERA III 1973-1975 Forest improvement World Bank

Forest 2000 1983-1985 Economy, multiple use Economic Council- follow-up 1986-1989 Economy, multiple use Min. Agr. For.- revision 1990-1992 Economy, forest health Min. Agr. For.

NFP 2010 1998-1999 Economic ecological andNFP 2010 1998 1999 Economic, ecological andsocial sustainability Government

NFP 2015 2007 2008 T i lf f G tNFP 2015 2007-2008 To increase welfare from Governmentdiverse forest

Bi di it d k bi tBiodiversity and key biotopesThe forest and nature conservation legislation specifies valuable habitats, key biotopes which have to be entirely in their natural state left or subjected to gentlebiotopes, which have to be entirely in their natural state left or subjected to gentle cutting.

Th d i f i iThe current recommendations on forest management practices give more emphasis to biodiversity than previously.

THERE HAS BEEN SEVERAL FORESTPROGRAMMES IN FINLAND SINCE 1960’S

THERE HAS BEEN SEVERAL FORESTPROGRAMMES IN FINLAND SINCE 1960’S

PROGRAMME PREPARATION SCOPE RECEIVER

MERA I II 1963 1969 Silviculture improvement GovernmentMERA I, II 1963-1969 Silviculture, improvement Government

MERA III 1973-1975 Forest improvement World Bank

Forest 2000 1983-1985 Economy, multiple use Economic Council- follow-up 1986-1989 Economy, multiple use Min. Agr. For.- revision 1990-1992 Economy, forest health Min. Agr. For.

NFP 2010 1998-1999 Economic ecological andNFP 2010 1998 1999 Economic, ecological andsocial sustainability Government

NFP 2015 2007 2008 T i lf f G tNFP 2015 2007-2008 To increase welfare from Governmentdiverse forest

VISIO

National Forest Programme 2015

3 Protecting the biological diversity and environmental benefits of3 Protecting the biological diversity and environmental benefits offorests

3 1 Bi l i l di it f f t3.1 Biological diversity of forests

International treaties on the conservation of forest biodiversity require the signatories to implement national measures to attain the goals set in the treaties.

The national goals in Finland are laid down by the Government Resolution concerning the National Strategy for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in FinlandConservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Finland 2006-2016.

National Forest Programme 2015

Necessary measures for biological diversity

Measures proposed in the METSO programme will be implemented (Ministry of the Environment, Ministry of A i lt d F t )Agriculture and Forestry).

In addition 6 other measures are mentioned

Target level for 2015gThe METSO programme has been carried through as set down in the Government Resolution.

National Forest Programme 2015

3.2 Water and Soil

In some cases, management results in increased loads of nutrients and suspended solids, especially in headwaters.

The goal of the EU Water Framework Directive, which in Finland is implemented under the Act on the Organisation of Water Management (1299/2004), is to achieve a good status of waters in the Member States by the year 2015.

National Forest Programme 2015

Necessary measures

Instructions and recommendations for water protection in forest management will be kept up to date using latest

h d iresearch and experiences.

Research on the environmental loads on water and soil caused by forestry will be conducted, in particular, from the perspective of climate change.

In addition 4 other measures are mentinoned

Target level for 2015Target level for 2015The load to water caused by forestry and forest management decreases

Content

1. Geography and climate

2. Forests and water

3. National Forest Programme

4. Summary

SummaryFi i h f t li i li d i ll i f tFinnish forest policy - is applied in all economic forests

• an announcement of all forest cuttings obligatory

• the goals have been defined in forest programmesg p g- keeps forests producing well- improves sustainable forestryp y

- safeguards and retains biodiversityth t d i d ifi l bl- surveys threatened species and specifies valuable

habitatst t ll ti- prevents water pollution

• forest certification leads to sustainable forest managementg

g y g y g{tÇ~ çÉâ yÉÜ çÉâÜ g{tÇ~ çÉâ yÉÜ çÉâÜ tààxÇà|ÉÇtààxÇà|ÉÇ

The average water runoff December-February 1960 – 1990and forecasts growth in the number

Forecast 1:2071 - 2100

Forecast 2:2071 - 2100

1961 - 19902071 2100 2071 2100

Source: Finland’s environmental administrationPicture; Newspaper KALEVA 30.3.2010

The principle of laserscanning

Photo Ba

www.blomasa.com

http://www.fgi.fi/osastot/projektisivut/kk_www_portaali/rswww/lasercase1.html

Suvi Raivio seminar presentation 15.3.2010