Famous Historical FiguresFamous Historical FiguresMohandas Karamchand Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Malcolm XMalcolm XMartin Luther King Jr.Martin Luther King Jr.

CIT 607CIT 607Current Technology as MindtoolsCurrent Technology as Mindtools

Fall 2009Fall 2009Dr. SchraderDr. Schrader Gandhi

Malcolm XMLK

Mohandas Karamchand Mohandas Karamchand GandhiGandhi

► Born -October 2, Born -October 2, 1869 1869

►Died January 30, Died January 30, 19481948

► Civil Rights ActivistCivil Rights Activist

► Cause of Death: Cause of Death: AssassinationAssassination

Malcolm XMLK

Malcolm XMalcolm X

►Born- May 19, 1925Born- May 19, 1925►Died- February 21, Died- February 21,

1965 1965

►Civil Rights ActivistCivil Rights Activist

►Cause of Death: Cause of Death: AssassinationAssassination

GandhiMLK

Martin Luther King Jr.Martin Luther King Jr.

► Born- January 15, Born- January 15, 1929 1929

►Died- April 4, 1968Died- April 4, 1968

► Civil Rights ActivistCivil Rights Activist

► Cause of Death: Cause of Death: AssassinationAssassination

GandhiMalcolm X

Gandhi Gandhi (Place of Birth, Parents, Education, Marriage)(Place of Birth, Parents, Education, Marriage)

► Place of BirthPlace of Birth Gandhi was born October 2 Gandhi was born October 2nd,nd, 1869 1869 in Porbandar Gujrat India.in Porbandar Gujrat India.

► His fatherHis father, , Karamchand Gandhi was the Prime Karamchand Gandhi was the Prime Minister of the Porbander state. Minister of the Porbander state.

► His motherHis mother, Putlibai came from the Hindu , Putlibai came from the Hindu Pranami, was Karamchand's fourth wifePranami, was Karamchand's fourth wife

► EducationEducation- Gandhi studied law in London between - Gandhi studied law in London between 1888-1891. 1888-1891.

► Marriage- In May 1883, the 13-year old Mohandas was married to 14-year old Kasturbai Makanji

Malcolm XMLK

Gandhi Gandhi What did he do? ImprisonmentWhat did he do? Imprisonment

► Gandhi worked with other Indian-rights activists in South Africa to create the Natal Indian Congress; to give Indians a voice in South African politics

► Gandhi organized an Indian Ambulance Corps at the beginning of the Boer War (1899-1902) to provide relief to injured British soldiers. Gandhi created the Ambulance Corps to send a message to the British that Indians were too responsible individuals who deserved the same rights as the British.

► Gandhi established the Phoenix Settlement. His followers consisted of his friends who where both Indian and European. Gandhi and his followers experimented a life devoted to vegetarianism, fasting, and farming.

► Gandhi organized the Satyagraha campaign of peaceful non-cooperation which protested the Transvaal Asiatic Amendments Act — this law required Indians living in the Transvaal to be fingerprinted and registered.

► Gandhi organized a boycott of British goods and taxes to protest Western materialism. Gandhi promoted goods over those which were imported from Britain.

► British authorities arrested Gandhi. In this trial, known as “The Great Trial,” Gandhi pleaded guilty to the charges. He was sentenced to six years in jail, but was released after two years. Malcolm X

Imprisonment MLK imprisonment

GandhiGandhi

Supporters, Accomplishments and Supporters, Accomplishments and Assassination Assassination

► In protest of the Salt Act (1882), which didn’t allow Indians from making their own salt, Gandhi led a 200-mile march from Ahmedabad to Dandi where he picked up a piece of natural, unprocessed salt from the shore, which violated British law. This march inspired thousands of Indians to follow his non-violent civil disobedience. British authorities arrested more than one hundred thousand protesters. Gandhi was arrested as well however, he was released negotiate an end to the protests.

► After being imprisoned by British authorities, Gandhi began his “fast until death” to protest the British proposal to create a separate electorate for the untouchable caste. Gandhi then took another fast to purify his body, it was then when the British authorities released him from custody.

► Assassination- On January 30, Gandhi was assassinated by a Hindu nationalist. Shot three times in the chest, Gandhi died at the age of 78.

Malcolm XAccomplishments &

Assassination

MLKAccomplishments &

Assassination

Malcolm X Malcolm X (Place of Birth, Parents, Education, Marriage)(Place of Birth, Parents, Education, Marriage)

► Place of Birth- Place of Birth- Malcolm X was born on May 19th, 1925, in Malcolm X was born on May 19th, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska. Omaha, Nebraska.

► His fatherHis father Earl Little was an outspoken Baptist speaker and was Earl Little was an outspoken Baptist speaker and was a local leader of the UNIA. a local leader of the UNIA.

► His mother-His mother- Louise Little born in Grenada (Earl Little’s second Louise Little born in Grenada (Earl Little’s second wife). Her father was Scottish and mother African American. wife). Her father was Scottish and mother African American.

► EducationEducation- He graduated from junior high at the top of his class. - He graduated from junior high at the top of his class. Malcolm’s dream was to become a lawyer. He eventually dropped Malcolm’s dream was to become a lawyer. He eventually dropped out of school when he was told by his teacher that his goals were out of school when he was told by his teacher that his goals were “unrealistic” He spent some time in Boston, Massachusetts then “unrealistic” He spent some time in Boston, Massachusetts then moved to Harlem, New York. moved to Harlem, New York.

► Marriage-Marriage- On January 14, 1958, Malcolm X On January 14, 1958, Malcolm X marriedmarried Betty Betty Sanders in Lansing, Michigan Sanders in Lansing, Michigan

GandhiMLK

Malcolm XMalcolm X ( (What did he do? Imprisonment)What did he do? Imprisonment)

► In 1942 he began to commit crimes and in 1946 he was In 1942 he began to commit crimes and in 1946 he was arrestedarrested and convicted of and convicted of burglary charges, and sentenced to 10 years in prison. burglary charges, and sentenced to 10 years in prison.

► He used his time spent in He used his time spent in jailjail to further his education. He began to study the teachings to further his education. He began to study the teachings of NOI leader Elijah Muhammad. of NOI leader Elijah Muhammad.

► In In prisonprison he became a member of the Nation of Islam and after his parole in 1952 he he became a member of the Nation of Islam and after his parole in 1952 he became one of the Nation’s leaders and chief spokesperson. became one of the Nation’s leaders and chief spokesperson.

► Malcolm X disagreed with the NOI's policy of not participating in politics. He believed Malcolm X disagreed with the NOI's policy of not participating in politics. He believed that political mobilization was indispensable but occasionally defied the rule by that political mobilization was indispensable but occasionally defied the rule by supporting boycotts and other forms of protest. supporting boycotts and other forms of protest.

► Before he split with the NOI, he shared the podium with black, white, and Puerto Rican Before he split with the NOI, he shared the podium with black, white, and Puerto Rican labor organizers in the left-wing, multiracial hospital workers' union in New York. labor organizers in the left-wing, multiracial hospital workers' union in New York.

► He also began developing an independent Pan-Africanist. He also began developing an independent Pan-Africanist.

► On March 8, 1964, he announced his resignation and formed the Muslim Mosque, Inc., On March 8, 1964, he announced his resignation and formed the Muslim Mosque, Inc., which was an Islamic movement devoted to working in the political sphere and which was an Islamic movement devoted to working in the political sphere and cooperating with civil rights leaders. cooperating with civil rights leaders.

Gandhi Imprisonment

MLK Imprisonment

Malcolm X Malcolm X Supporters, Accomplishments and Supporters, Accomplishments and

AssassinationAssassination► During the summer of 1964 he formed the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU). During the summer of 1964 he formed the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU).

Inspired by the Organization of African Unity (OAU) made up of independent African Inspired by the Organization of African Unity (OAU) made up of independent African states, the OAAU's program combined advocacy for independent black institutions with states, the OAAU's program combined advocacy for independent black institutions with support for black participation in mainstream politics, including electoral campaigns. support for black participation in mainstream politics, including electoral campaigns.

► He did exert a notable impact on the Civil Rights Movement in the last year of his life. He did exert a notable impact on the Civil Rights Movement in the last year of his life. Black activists in the Congress of Racial Equality and the Student Nonviolent Black activists in the Congress of Racial Equality and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee who had heard him speak to organizers in Selma, Alabama, in Coordinating Committee who had heard him speak to organizers in Selma, Alabama, in February 1965, began to February 1965, began to supportsupport some of his ideas, especially on armed self-defense, some of his ideas, especially on armed self-defense, racial pride, and the creation of black-run institutions. racial pride, and the creation of black-run institutions.

► AssassinationAssassination- - His assassination at the Audubon Ballroom in New York—carried out by His assassination at the Audubon Ballroom in New York—carried out by gunmen affiliated with the NOI. gunmen affiliated with the NOI.

GandhiAccomplishments &

Assassination

MLK Accomplishments &

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MLK Jr. MLK Jr. (Place of Birth, Parents, Education, Marriage)(Place of Birth, Parents, Education, Marriage)

► Place of Birth-Place of Birth- Martin Luther King, Jr., was born on January 15, 1929, Martin Luther King, Jr., was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgiain Atlanta, Georgia

► FatherFather- Martin Luther King Sr. who was a Reverend. - Martin Luther King Sr. who was a Reverend.

► MotherMother- Alberta Christine Williams King Born in Atlanta, Georgia - Alberta Christine Williams King Born in Atlanta, Georgia Alberta King was shot and killed on June 30, 1974 in a Baptist ChurchAlberta King was shot and killed on June 30, 1974 in a Baptist Church

► EducationEducation- Growing up in Atlanta, King attended Booker High School - Growing up in Atlanta, King attended Booker High School and skipped ninth and twelfth grade, and entered Morehouse College and skipped ninth and twelfth grade, and entered Morehouse College at the age of fifteen without formally graduating from high school. In at the age of fifteen without formally graduating from high school. In 1948 he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology from 1948 he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology from Morehouse College. Martin Luther King then began his doctoral Morehouse College. Martin Luther King then began his doctoral studies in systematic theology at Boston University and received hi studies in systematic theology at Boston University and received hi Doctor of Philosophy in 1955. Doctor of Philosophy in 1955.

► Marriage-Marriage- King married Coretta Scott on June 18, 1953 King married Coretta Scott on June 18, 1953GandhiMalcolm X

MLK MLK What did he do?What did he do?

► Martin Luther King Joined the bus boycott after Rosa Parks was Martin Luther King Joined the bus boycott after Rosa Parks was arrested he was elected president of the Montgomery Improvement arrested he was elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association. Association.

► Martin Luther King formed the Southern Christian Leadership Martin Luther King formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to fight segregation and achieve civil rights. Conference to fight segregation and achieve civil rights.

► Martin Luther King resigns from pasturing the Dexter Avenue Baptist Martin Luther King resigns from pasturing the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church to concentrate on civil rights full time. Church to concentrate on civil rights full time.

► He was inspired by He was inspired by Gandhi'sGandhi's success with non-violent activism and success with non-violent activism and he visited the Gandhi family in India in 1959. The trip to India he visited the Gandhi family in India in 1959. The trip to India affected Martin Luther King, which deepened his understanding of affected Martin Luther King, which deepened his understanding of non violent resistance and his commitment to America's struggle for non violent resistance and his commitment to America's struggle for civil rights. civil rights.

MLK MLK What did he do? (cont.) ImprisonmentWhat did he do? (cont.) Imprisonment

► The Interstate Commerce Commission banned segregation in The Interstate Commerce Commission banned segregation in interstate travel due to work of Martin Luther King, Jr. and the interstate travel due to work of Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Freedom Riders. Freedom Riders.

► During the unsuccessful Albany, Georgia movement, Martin Luther During the unsuccessful Albany, Georgia movement, Martin Luther King was King was arrestedarrested and jailed. During the eleven days he spent in and jailed. During the eleven days he spent in jail, MLK wrote his famous letter from Birmingham. jail, MLK wrote his famous letter from Birmingham.

► The The Birmingham agreement is announced. The stores, restaurants, Birmingham agreement is announced. The stores, restaurants, and schools will be desegregated, hiring of blacks implemented, and and schools will be desegregated, hiring of blacks implemented, and charges dropped. charges dropped.

On June 23, 1963 MLK leads 125,000 people on a Freedom Walk in On June 23, 1963 MLK leads 125,000 people on a Freedom Walk in Detroit. Detroit.

Gandhi Imprisonment

Malcolm XImprisonment

MLK MLK (Supporters, Accomplishments/Assassination)(Supporters, Accomplishments/Assassination)

► The March on Washington held August 28 is the largest civil rights The March on Washington held August 28 is the largest civil rights demonstration in history with nearly 250,000 people in attendance. demonstration in history with nearly 250,000 people in attendance.

At the march, King makes his famous At the march, King makes his famous I Have a DreamI Have a Dream speech. speech.

► Martin Luther King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize . Dr. King is the Martin Luther King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize . Dr. King is the youngest person to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for Peace at age 35. youngest person to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for Peace at age 35.

On February 2, he was arrested in Selma, Alabama during a voting rights On February 2, he was arrested in Selma, Alabama during a voting rights demonstration. demonstration.

► Martin Luther King initiated a campaign to end discrimination in housing, Martin Luther King initiated a campaign to end discrimination in housing, employment, and schools in Chicago. employment, and schools in Chicago.

► Dr. Martin Luther King marched in support of sanitation workers on strike in Dr. Martin Luther King marched in support of sanitation workers on strike in Memphis, Tennessee. Memphis, Tennessee.

► AssassinationAssassination- on April 4, Martin Luther King, Jr. was shot while standing on - on April 4, Martin Luther King, Jr. was shot while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennesseethe balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. .

Gandhi Accomplishments &

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Malcolm XAccomplishments &

Assassination

Famous Historical FiguresFamous Historical Figures

Mohandas Karamchand Mohandas Karamchand GandhiGandhi

Malcolm XMalcolm X

Martin Luther King Jr.Martin Luther King Jr.

Gandhi

Malcolm X

MLK