Family Code of the Phil

8/9/2019 Family Code of the Phil

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EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 209THE FAMILY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

July 6, 19!

I, CORAZON C. AQUINO, President of the Philippines, by virtue of thepowers vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby order ndpromul!te the "mily Code of the Philippines, s follows#

$I$%& I

'ARRIA(&

Chpter ). Re*uisites of 'rri!e

Arti+le ). 'rri!e is spe+il +ontr+t of permnent union between mn nd womn entered into in ++ordn+e with lw for theestblishment of +onu!l nd fmily life. It is the foundtion of thefmily nd n inviolble so+il institution whose nture, +onse*uen+es,nd in+idents re !overned by lw nd not sube+t to stipultion,e-+ept tht mrri!e settlements my fi- the property reltions durin!the mrri!e within the limits provided by this Code. /01

Art. 0. No mrri!e shll be vlid, unless these essentil re*uisites represent#

)1 %e!l +p+ity of the +ontr+tin! prties who must be mle nd femle2 nd

01 Consent freely !iven in the presen+e of the solemni3in!offi+er. /41

Art. 4. $he forml re*uisites of mrri!e re#)1 Authority of the solemni3in! offi+er2

01 A vlid mrri!e li+ense e-+ept in the +ses provided for inChpter 0 of this $itle2 nd

41 A mrri!e +eremony whi+h t5es pl+e with theppern+e of the +ontr+tin! prties before the solemni3in!offi+er nd their personl de+lrtion tht they t5e e+h others husbnd nd wife in the presen+e of not less thn twowitnesses of le!l !e. /4, //1

Art. 6. $he bsen+e of ny of the essentil or forml re*uisites shllrender the mrri!e void ab initio, e-+ept s stted in Arti+le 4/ 01.

A defe+t in ny of the essentil re*uisites shll not ffe+t the vlidity ofthe mrri!e but the prty or prties responsible for the irre!ulrityshll be +ivilly, +riminlly nd dministrtively lible. n1

Art. /. Any mle or femle of the !e of ei!hteen yers or upwrds not

under ny of the impediments mentioned in Arti+les 47 nd 48, my+ontr+t mrri!e. /61

Art. 9. No pres+ribed form or reli!ious rite for the solemni3tion of themrri!e is re*uired. It shll be ne+essry, however, for the +ontr+tin!prties to pper personlly before the solemni3in! offi+er nd de+lrein the presen+e of not less thn two witnesses of le!l !e tht theyt5e e+h other s husbnd nd wife. $his de+lrtion shll be+ontined in the mrri!e +ertifi+te whi+h shll be si!ned by the+ontr+tin! prties nd their witnesses nd ttested by the solemni3in!offi+er.

In +se of mrri!e in articulo mortis, when the prty t the point ofdeth is unble to si!n the mrri!e +ertifi+te, it shll be suffi+ient forone of the witnesses to the mrri!e to write the nme of sid prty,whi+h f+t shll be ttested by the solemni3in! offi+er. //1

Art. 7. 'rri!e my be solemni3ed by#

)1 Any in+umbent member of the udi+iry within the +ourt:surisdi+tion2

01 Any priest, rbbi, imm, or minister of ny +hur+h or

reli!ious se+t duly uthori3ed by his +hur+h or reli!ious se+tnd re!istered with the +ivil re!istrr !enerl, +tin! within thelimits of the written uthority !rnted by his +hur+h or reli!iousse+t nd provided tht t lest one of the +ontr+tin! prtiesbelon!s to the solemni3in! offi+er:s +hur+h or reli!ious se+t2

41 Any ship +ptin or irplne +hief only in the +sementioned in Arti+le 4)2

61 Any militry +ommnder of unit to whi+h +hplin isssi!ned, in the bsen+e of the ltter, durin! militryopertion, li5ewise only in the +ses mentioned in Arti+le 402

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/1 Any +onsul;!enerl, +onsul or vi+e;+onsul in the +seprovided in Arti+le )


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Art. )4. In +se either of the +ontr+tin! prties hs been previouslymrried, the ppli+nt shll be re*uired to furnish, insted of the birthor bptisml +ertifi+te re*uired in the lst pre+edin! rti+le, the deth+ertifi+te of the de+esed spouse or the udi+il de+ree of thebsolute divor+e, or the udi+il de+ree of nnulment or de+lrtion ofnullity of his or her previous mrri!e.

In +se the deth +ertifi+te +nnot be se+ured, the prty shll m5e

n ffidvit settin! forth this +ir+umstn+e nd his or her +tul +ivilsttus nd the nme nd dte of deth of the de+esed spouse. 9)1

Art. )6. In +se either or both of the +ontr+tin! prties, not hvin!been emn+ipted by previous mrri!e, re between the !es ofei!hteen nd twenty;one, they shll, in ddition to the re*uirements ofthe pre+edin! rti+les, e-hibit to the lo+l +ivil re!istrr, the +onsent totheir mrri!e of their fther, mother, survivin! prent or !urdin, orpersons hvin! le!l +hr!e of them, in the order mentioned. @u+h+onsent shll be mnifested in writin! by the interested prty, whopersonlly ppers before the proper lo+l +ivil re!istrr, or in the formof n ffidvit mde in the presen+e of two witnesses nd ttested

before ny offi+il uthori3ed by lw to dminister oths. $he personlmnifesttion shll be re+orded in both ppli+tions for mrri!eli+ense, nd the ffidvit, if one is e-e+uted insted, shll be tt+hedto sid ppli+tions. 9)1

Art. )/. Any +ontr+tin! prty between the !e of twenty;one ndtwenty;five shll be obli!ed to s5 their prents or !urdin for dvi+eupon the intended mrri!e. If they do not obtin su+h dvi+e, or if itbe unfvorble, the mrri!e li+ense shll not be issued till fter threemonths followin! the +ompletion of the publi+tion of the ppli+tiontherefor. A sworn sttement by the +ontr+tin! prties to the effe+t thtsu+h dvi+e hs been sou!ht, to!ether with the written dvi+e !iven, if

ny, shll be tt+hed to the ppli+tion for mrri!e li+ense. @houldthe prents or !urdin refuse to !ive ny dvi+e, this f+t shll bestted in the sworn sttement. 901

Art. )9. In the +ses where prentl +onsent or prentl dvi+e isneeded, the prty or prties +on+erned shll, in ddition to there*uirements of the pre+edin! rti+les, tt+h +ertifi+te issued by priest, imm or minister uthori3ed to solemni3e mrri!e under Arti+le7 of this Code or mrri!e +ounselor duly ++redited by the proper!overnment !en+y to the effe+t tht the +ontr+tin! prties hveunder!one mrri!e +ounselin!. "ilure to tt+h sid +ertifi+tes ofmrri!e +ounselin! shll suspend the issun+e of the mrri!e

li+ense for period of three months from the +ompletion of thepubli+tion of the ppli+tion. Issun+e of the mrri!e li+ense withinthe prohibited period shll sube+t the issuin! offi+er to dministrtivesn+tions but shll not ffe+t the vlidity of the mrri!e.

@hould only one of the +ontr+tin! prties need prentl +onsent orprentl dvi+e, the other prty must be present t the +ounselin!referred to in the pre+edin! pr!rph. n1

Art. )7. $he lo+l +ivil re!istrr shll prepre noti+e whi+h shll+ontin the full nmes nd residen+es of the ppli+nts for mrri!eli+ense nd other dt !iven in the ppli+tions. $he noti+e shll beposted for ten +onse+utive dys on bulletin bord outside the offi+eof the lo+l +ivil re!istrr lo+ted in +onspi+uous pl+e within thebuildin! nd ++essible to the !enerl publi+. $his noti+e shll re*uestll persons hvin! 5nowled!e of ny impediment to the mrri!e todvise the lo+l +ivil re!istrr thereof. $he mrri!e li+ense shll beissued fter the +ompletion of the period of publi+tion. 941

Art. )8. In +se of ny impediment 5nown to the lo+l +ivil re!istrr or

brou!ht to his ttention, he shll note down the prti+ulrs thereof ndhis findin!s thereon in the ppli+tion for mrri!e li+ense, but shllnonetheless issue sid li+ense fter the +ompletion of the period ofpubli+tion, unless ordered otherwise by +ompetent +ourt t his owninstn+e or tht of ny interest prty. No filin! fee shll be +hr!ed forthe petition nor +orrespondin! bond re*uired for the issun+es of theorder. 961

Art. )=. $he lo+l +ivil re!istrr shll re*uire the pyment of the feespres+ribed by lw or re!ultions before the issun+e of the mrri!eli+ense. No other sum shll be +olle+ted in the nture of fee or t- ofny 5ind for the issun+e of sid li+ense. It shll, however, be issued

free of +hr!e to indi!ent prties, tht is those who hve no visiblemens of in+ome or whose in+ome is insuffi+ient for their subsisten+e f+t estblished by their ffidvit, or by their oth before the lo+l +ivilre!istrr. 9/1+hn robles virtul lw librry

Art. 0


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Art. 0). >hen either or both of the +ontr+tin! prties re +iti3ens of forei!n +ountry, it shll be ne+essry for them before mrri!eli+ense +n be obtined, to submit +ertifi+te of le!l +p+ity to+ontr+t mrri!e, issued by their respe+tive diplomti+ or +onsulroffi+ils.

@tteless persons or refu!ees from other +ountries shll, in lieu of the+ertifi+te of le!l +p+ity herein re*uired, submit n ffidvit sttin!

the +ir+umstn+es showin! su+h +p+ity to +ontr+t mrri!e. 991

Art. 00. $he mrri!e +ertifi+te, in whi+h the prties shll de+lre thtthey t5e e+h other s husbnd nd wife, shll lso stte#

)1 $he full nme, send !e of e+h +ontr+tin! prty2

01 $heir +iti3enship, reli!ion nd hbitul residen+e2

41 $he dte nd pre+ise time of the +elebrtion of themrri!e2

61 $ht the proper mrri!e li+ense hs been issued++ordin! to lw, e-+ept in mrri!e provided for in Chpter 0of this $itle2

/1 $ht either or both of the +ontr+tin! prties hve se+uredthe prentl +onsent in pproprite +ses2

91 $ht either or both of the +ontr+tin! prties hve +ompliedwith the le!l re*uirement re!rdin! prentl dvi+e inpproprite +ses2 nd

71 $ht the prties hve entered into mrri!e settlement, ifny, tt+hin! +opy thereof. 971

Art. 04. It shll be the duty of the person solemni3in! the mrri!e tofurnish either of the +ontr+tin! prties the ori!inl of the mrri!e+ertifi+te referred to in Arti+le 9 nd to send the dupli+te ndtripli+te +opies of the +ertifi+te not lter thn fifteen dys fter themrri!e, to the lo+l +ivil re!istrr of the pl+e where the mrri!ews solemni3ed. Proper re+eipts shll be issued by the lo+l +ivilre!istrr to the solemni3in! offi+er trnsmittin! +opies of the mrri!e+ertifi+te. $he solemni3in! offi+er shll retin in his file the*udrupli+te +opy of the mrri!e +ertifi+te, the +opy of the mrri!e

+ertifi+te, the ori!inl of the mrri!e li+ense nd, in proper +ses, theffidvit of the +ontr+tin! prty re!rdin! the solemni3tion of themrri!e in pl+e other thn those mentioned in Arti+le 8. 981

Art. 06. It shll be the duty of the lo+l +ivil re!istrr to prepre thedo+uments re*uired by this $itle, nd to dminister oths to llinterested prties without ny +hr!e in both +ses. $he do+umentsnd ffidvits filed in +onne+tion with ppli+tions for mrri!e li+enses

shll be e-empt from do+umentry stmp t-. n1

Art. 0/. $he lo+l +ivil re!istrr +on+erned shll enter ll ppli+tionsfor mrri!e li+enses filed with him in re!istry boo5 stri+tly in theorder in whi+h the sme re re+eived. e shll re+ord in sid boo5 thenmes of the ppli+nts, the dte on whi+h the mrri!e li+ense wsissued, nd su+h other dt s my be ne+essry. n1

Art. 09. All mrri!es solemni3ed outside the Philippines, in++ordn+e with the lws in for+e in the +ountry where they weresolemni3ed, nd vlid there s su+h, shll lso be vlid in this +ountry,e-+ept those prohibited under Arti+les 4/ )1, 61, /1 nd 91, 4947 nd

48. )71

>here mrri!e between "ilipino +iti3en nd forei!ner is vlidly+elebrted nd divor+e is therefter vlidly obtined brod by thelien spouse +p+ittin! him or her to remrry, the "ilipino spouseshll hve +p+ity to remrry under Philippine lw. As mended by&-e+utive Order 0071

Chpter 0. 'rri!es &-empted from %i+ense Re*uirement

Art. 07. In +se either or both of the +ontr+tin! prties re t the pointof deth, the mrri!e my be solemni3ed without ne+essity of mrri!e li+ense nd shll remin vlid even if the ilin! prtysubse*uently survives. 701

Art. 08. If the residen+e of either prty is so lo+ted tht there is nomens of trnsporttion to enble su+h prty to pper personllybefore the lo+l +ivil re!istrr, the mrri!e my be solemni3ed withoutne+essity of mrri!e li+ense. 701

Art. 0=. In the +ses provided for in the two pre+edin! rti+les, thesolemni3in! offi+er shll stte in n ffidvit e-e+uted before the lo+l

+ivil re!istrr or ny other person le!lly uthori3ed to dminister oths4


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tht the mrri!e ws performed in articulo mortis or tht the residen+eof either prty, spe+ifyin! the brrio or brn!y, is so lo+ted thtthere is no mens of trnsporttion to enble su+h prty to pperpersonlly before the lo+l +ivil re!istrr nd tht the offi+er too5 thene+essry steps to s+ertin the !es nd reltionship of the+ontr+tin! prties nd the bsen+e of le!l impediment to themrri!e. 701

Art. 4


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/1 etween the survivin! spouse of the doptin! prent ndthe dopted +hild2

91 etween the survivin! spouse of the dopted +hild nd thedopter2

71 etween n dopted +hild nd le!itimte +hild of thedopter2

81 etween dopted +hildren of the sme dopter2 nd

=1 etween prties where one, with the intention to mrry theother, 5illed tht other person:s spouse, or his or her ownspouse. 801

Art. 4=. $he +tion or defense for the de+lrtion of bsolute nullity of mrri!e shll not pres+ribe. As mended by &-e+utive Order 007nd Republi+ A+t No. 8/442 $he phrse "However, in case of marriagecelebrated before the effectivity of this Code and falling under Article36, such action or defense shall prescribe in ten years after this Codeshall taken effect" hs been deleted by Republi+ A+t No. 8/44DApproved "ebrury 04, )==8E1.

Art. 6


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Art. 6/. A mrri!e my be nnulled for ny of the followin! +uses,e-istin! t the time of the mrri!e#

)1 $ht the prty in whose behlf it is sou!ht to hve themrri!e nnulled ws ei!hteen yers of !e or over but belowtwenty;one, nd the mrri!e ws solemni3ed without the+onsent of the prents, !urdin or person hvin! substituteprentl uthority over the prty, in tht order, unless fter

ttinin! the !e of twenty;one, su+h prty freely +ohbitedwith the other nd both lived to!ether s husbnd nd wife2

01 $ht either prty ws of unsound mind, unless su+h prtyfter +omin! to reson, freely +ohbited with the other shusbnd nd wife2

41 $ht the +onsent of either prty ws obtined by frud,unless su+h prty fterwrds, with full 5nowled!e of the f+ts+onstitutin! the frud, freely +ohbited with the other shusbnd nd wife2

61 $ht the +onsent of either prty ws obtined by for+e,intimidtion or undue influen+e, unless the sme hvin!disppered or +esed, su+h prty therefter freely +ohbitedwith the other s husbnd nd wife2

/1 $ht either prty ws physi+lly in+pble of +onsummtin!the mrri!e with the other, nd su+h in+p+ity +ontinues ndppers to be in+urble2 or

91 $ht either prty ws ffli+ted with se-ully;trnsmissibledisese found to be serious nd ppers to be in+urble. 8/1

Art. 69. Any of the followin! +ir+umstn+es shll +onstitute frudreferred to in Number 4 of the pre+edin! Arti+le#

)1 Non;dis+losure of previous +onvi+tion by finl ud!ment ofthe other prty of +rime involvin! morl turpitude2

01 Con+elment by the wife of the f+t tht t the time of themrri!e, she ws pre!nnt by mn other thn her husbnd2

41 Con+elment of se-ully trnsmissible disese, re!rdlessof its nture, e-istin! t the time of the mrri!e2 or

61 Con+elment of dru! ddi+tion, hbitul l+oholism orhomose-ulity or lesbinism e-istin! t the time of themrri!e.

No other misrepresenttion or de+eit s to +hr+ter, helth, rn5,fortune or +hstity shll +onstitute su+h frud s will !ive !rounds for+tion for the nnulment of mrri!e. 891

Art. 67. $he +tion for nnulment of mrri!e must be filed by thefollowin! persons nd within the periods indi+ted herein#

)1 "or +uses mentioned in number ) of Arti+le 6/ by theprty whose prent or !urdin did not !ive his or her +onsent,within five yers fter ttinin! the !e of twenty;one, or by theprent or !urdin or person hvin! le!l +hr!e of the minor,t ny time before su+h prty hs re+hed the !e of twenty;one2

01 "or +uses mentioned in number 0 of Arti+le 6/, by thesme spouse, who hd no 5nowled!e of the other:s insnity2 or

by ny reltive or !urdin or person hvin! le!l +hr!e ofthe insne, t ny time before the deth of either prty, or bythe insne spouse durin! lu+id intervl or fter re!inin!snity2

41 "or +uses mentioned in number 4 of Arti+le 6/, by theinured prty, within five yers fter the dis+overy of the frud2

61 "or +uses mentioned in number 6 of Arti+le 6/, by theinured prty, within five yers from the time the for+e,intimidtion or undue influen+e disppered or +esed2

/1 "or +uses mentioned in number / nd 9 of Arti+le 6/, bythe inured prty, within five yers fter the mrri!e. 871

Art. 68. In ll +ses of nnulment or de+lrtion of bsolute nullity ofmrri!e, the Court shll order the prose+utin! ttorney or fis+lssi!ned to it to pper on behlf of the @tte to t5e steps to prevent+ollusion between the prties nd to t5e +re tht eviden+e is notfbri+ted or suppressed.

In the +ses referred to in the pre+edin! pr!rph, no ud!ment shllbe bsed upon stipultion of f+ts or +onfession of ud!ment. 881

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Art. 6=. ?urin! the penden+y of the +tion nd in the bsen+e ofde*ute provisions in written !reement between the spouses, theCourt shll provide for the support of the spouses nd the +ustody ndsupport of their +ommon +hildren. $he Court shll !ive prmount+onsidertion to the morl nd mteril welfre of sid +hildren ndtheir +hoi+e of the prent with whom they wish to remin s provided toin $itle IF. It shll lso provide for pproprite visittion ri!hts of theother prent. n1

Art. /


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81 @e-ul infidelity or perversion2

=1 Attempt by the respondent !inst the life of the petitioner2or

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Art. 96. After the finlity of the de+ree of le!l seprtion, the inno+entspouse my revo5e the dontions mde by him or by her in fvor ofthe offendin! spouse, s well s the desi!ntion of the ltter sbenefi+iry in ny insurn+e poli+y, even if su+h desi!ntion bestipulted s irrevo+ble. $he revo+tion of the dontions shll bere+orded in the re!istries of property in the pl+es where the propertiesre lo+ted. Alientions, liens nd en+umbrn+es re!istered in !oodfith before the re+ordin! of the +omplint for revo+tion in there!istries of property shll be respe+ted. $he revo+tion of or +hn!ein the desi!ntion of the insurn+e benefi+iry shll t5e effe+t uponwritten notifi+tion thereof to the insured.

$he +tion to revo5e the dontion under this Arti+le must be brou!htwithin five yers from the time the de+ree of le!l seprtion be+omefinl. )


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rendered void if the mrri!e does not t5e pl+e. owever,stipultions tht do not depend upon the +elebrtion of the mrri!esshll be vlid. )0/1

Chpter 0. ?ontions by Reson of 'rri!e

Art. 80. ?ontions by reson of mrri!e re those whi+h re mdebefore its +elebrtion, in +onsidertion of the sme, nd in fvor of oneor both of the future spouses. )091

Art. 84. $hese dontions re !overned by the rules on ordinrydontions estblished in $itle III of oo5 III of the Civil Code, insofr sthey re not modified by the followin! rti+les. )071

Art. 86. If the future spouses !ree upon re!ime other thn thebsolute +ommunity of property, they +nnot donte to e+h other intheir mrri!e settlements more thn one;fifth of their present property.

Any e-+ess shll be +onsidered void.

?ontions of future property shll be !overned by the provisions on

testmentry su++ession nd the formlities of wills. )4hen the mrri!e t5es pl+e without the +onsent of theprents or !urdin, s re*uired by lw2

41 >hen the mrri!e is nnulled, nd the donee +ted in bdfith2

61 Upon le!l seprtion, the donee bein! the !uilty spouse2

/1 If it is with resolutory +ondition nd the +ondition is+omplied with2

91 >hen the donee hs +ommitted n +t of in!rtitude sspe+ified by the provisions of the Civil Code on dontions in!enerl. )401

Art. 87. &very dontion or !rnt of !rtuitous dvnt!e, dire+t or

indire+t, between the spouses durin! the mrri!e shll be void,e-+ept moderte !ifts whi+h the spouses my !ive e+h other on theo++sion of ny fmily reoi+in!. $he prohibition shll lso pply topersons livin! to!ether s husbnd nd wife without vlid mrri!e.)441

Chpter 4. @ystem of Absolute Community

@e+tion ). (enerl Provisions

Art. 88. $he bsolute +ommunity of property between spouses shll+ommen+e t the pre+ise moment tht the mrri!e is +elebrted. Any

stipultion, e-press or implied, for the +ommen+ement of the+ommunity re!ime t ny other time shll be void. )6/1

Art. 8=. No wiver of ri!hts, shres nd effe+ts of the bsolute+ommunity of property durin! the mrri!e +n be mde e-+ept in+se of udi+il seprtion of property.

>hen the wiver t5es pl+e upon udi+il seprtion of property, orfter the mrri!e hs been dissolved or nnulled, the sme shllpper in publi+ instrument nd shll be re+orded s provided in

Arti+le 77. $he +reditors of the spouse who mde su+h wiver mypetition the +ourt to res+ind the wiver to the e-tent of the mount

suffi+ient to +over the mount of their +redits. )691

Art. =ht Constitutes Community Property

Art. =). Unless otherwise provided in this Chpter or in the mrri!esettlements, the +ommunity property shll +onsist of ll the property

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owned by the spouses t the time of the +elebrtion of the mrri!e or+*uired therefter. )=71

Art. =0. $he followin! shll be e-+luded from the +ommunity property#

)1 Property +*uired durin! the mrri!e by !rtuitous title byeither spouse, nd the fruits s well s the in+ome thereof, ifny, unless it is e-pressly provided by the donor, testtor or

!rntor tht they shll form prt of the +ommunity property2

01 Property for personl nd e-+lusive use of either spouse.owever, ewelry shll form prt of the +ommunity property2

41 Property +*uired before the mrri!e by either spousewho hs le!itimte des+endnts by former mrri!e, nd thefruits s well s the in+ome, if ny, of su+h property. 0


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husbnd:s de+ision shll previl, sube+t to re+ourse to the +ourt by thewife for proper remedy, whi+h must be viled of within five yers fromthe dte of the +ontr+t implementin! su+h de+ision.

In the event tht one spouse is in+p+itted or otherwise unble toprti+ipte in the dministrtion of the +ommon properties, the otherspouse my ssume sole powers of dministrtion. $hese powers donot in+lude disposition or en+umbrn+e without uthority of the +ourt or

the written +onsent of the other spouse. In the bsen+e of su+huthority or +onsent, the disposition or en+umbrn+e shll be void.owever, the trns+tion shll be +onstrued s +ontinuin! offer onthe prt of the +onsentin! spouse nd the third person, nd my beperfe+ted s bindin! +ontr+t upon the ++eptn+e by the otherspouse or uthori3tion by the +ourt before the offer is withdrwn byeither or both offerors. 0hen there is de+ree of le!l seprtion2

41 >hen the mrri!e is nnulled or de+lred void2 or

61 In +se of udi+il seprtion of property durin! themrri!e under Arti+les )46 to )48. )7/1

Art. )


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01 $he debts nd obli!tions of the bsolute +ommunity shllbe pid out of its ssets. In +se of insuffi+ien+y of sid ssets,the spouses shll be solidrily lible for the unpid bln+ewith their seprte properties in ++ordn+e with the provisionsof the se+ond pr!rph of Arti+le =6.

41 >htever remins of the e-+lusive properties of thespouses shll therefter be delivered to e+h of them.

61 $he net reminder of the properties of the bsolute+ommunity shll +onstitute its net ssets, whi+h shll bedivided e*ully between husbnd nd wife, unless differentproportion or division ws !reed upon in the mrri!esettlements, or unless there hs been voluntry wiver ofsu+h shre provided in this Code. "or purpose of +omputin!the net profits sube+t to forfeiture in ++ordn+e with Arti+les64, No. 01 nd 94, No. 01, the sid profits shll be thein+rese in vlue between the mr5et vlue of the +ommunityproperty t the time of the +elebrtion of the mrri!e nd themr5et vlue t the time of its dissolution.

/1 $he presumptive le!itimes of the +ommon +hildren shll bedelivered upon prtition, in ++ordn+e with Arti+le /).

91 Unless otherwise !reed upon by the prties, in theprtition of the properties, the +onu!l dwellin! nd the lot onwhi+h it is situted shll be dudi+ted to the spouse withwhom the mority of the +ommon +hildren +hoose to remin.Children below the !e of seven yers re deemed to hve+hosen the mother, unless the +ourt hs de+ided otherwise. In+se there in no su+h mority, the +ourt shll de+ide, t5in!into +onsidertion the best interests of sid +hildren. n1

Art. )


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e-pressly determined in this Chpter or by the spouses in theirmrri!e settlements. )671

@e+tion 0. &-+lusive Property of &+h @pouse

Art. )


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Art. ))8. Property bou!ht on instllments pid prtly from e-+lusivefunds of either or both spouses nd prtly from +onu!l funds belon!sto the buyer or buyers if full ownership ws vested before the mrri!end to the +onu!l prtnership if su+h ownership ws vested durin!the mrri!e. In either +se, ny mount dvn+ed by the prtnershipor by either or both spouses shll be reimbursed by the owner orowners upon li*uidtion of the prtnership. n1

Art. ))=. >henever n mount or +redit pyble within period of timebelon!s to one of the spouses, the sums whi+h my be +olle+teddurin! the mrri!e in prtil pyments or by instllments on theprin+ipl shll be the e-+lusive property of the spouse. owever,interests fllin! due durin! the mrri!e on the prin+ipl shll belon! tothe +onu!l prtnership. )/9, )/71

Art. )0hen the +ost of the improvement mde by the +onu!lprtnership nd ny resultin! in+rese in vlue re more thnthe vlue of the property t the time of the improvement, theentire property of one of the spouses shll belon! to the+onu!l prtnership, sube+t to reimbursement of the vlue ofthe property of the owner;spouse t the time of theimprovement2 otherwise, sid property shll be retined inownership by the owner;spouse, li5ewise sube+t toreimbursement of the +ost of the improvement.

In either +se, the ownership of the entire property shll be

vested upon the reimbursement, whi+h shll be mde t thetime of the li*uidtion of the +onu!l prtnership. )/81

@e+tion 6. Chr!es Upon nd Obli!tions ofthe Conu!l Prtnership

Art. )0). $he +onu!l prtnership shll be lible for#

)1 $he support of the spouse, their +ommon +hildren, nd thele!itimte +hildren of either spouse2 however, the support ofille!itimte +hildren shll be !overned by the provisions of thisCode on @upport2

01 All debts nd obli!tions +ontr+ted durin! the mrri!e bythe desi!nted dministrtor;spouse for the benefit of the+onu!l prtnership of !ins, or by both spouses or by one ofthem with the +onsent of the other2

41 ?ebts nd obli!tions +ontr+ted by either spouse withoutthe +onsent of the other to the e-tent tht the fmily my hvebenefited2

61 All t-es, liens, +hr!es, nd e-penses, in+ludin! mor orminor repirs upon the +onu!l prtnership property2

/1 All t-es nd e-penses for mere preservtion mde durin!the mrri!e upon the seprte property of either spouse2

91 &-penses to enble either spouse to +ommen+e or+omplete professionl, vo+tionl, or other +tivity for self;improvement2

71 Ante;nuptil debts of either spouse insofr s they hveredounded to the benefit of the fmily2

81 $he vlue of wht is donted or promised by both spousesin fvor of their +ommon le!itimte +hildren for the e-+lusivepurpose of +ommen+in! or +ompletin! professionl orvo+tionl +ourse or other +tivity for self;improvement2 nd

=1 &-penses of liti!tion between the spouses unless the suitis found to !roundless.

If the +onu!l prtnership is insuffi+ient to +over the fore!oin!

libilities, the spouses shll be solidrily lible for the unpid bln+ewith their seprte properties. )9)1

Art. )00. $he pyment of personl debts +ontr+ted by the husbnd orthe wife before or durin! the mrri!e shll not be +hr!ed to the+onu!l properties prtnership e-+ept insofr s they redounded tothe benefit of the fmily.

Neither shll the fines nd pe+uniry indemnities imposed upon thembe +hr!ed to the prtnership.

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owever, the pyment of personl debts +ontr+ted by either spousebefore the mrri!e, tht of fines nd indemnities imposed upon them,s well s the support of ille!itimte +hildren of either spouse, my beenfor+ed !inst the prtnership ssets fter the responsibilitiesenumerted in the pre+edin! Arti+le hve been +overed, if the spousewho is bound should hve no e-+lusive property or if it should beinsuffi+ient2 but t the time of the li*uidtion of the prtnership, su+hspouse shll be +hr!ed for wht hs been pid for the purposebove;mentioned. )941

Art. )04. >htever my be lost durin! the mrri!e in ny !me of+hn+e or in bettin!, sweepst5es, or ny other 5ind of !mblin!whether permitted or prohibited by lw, shll be borne by the loser ndshll not be +hr!ed to the +onu!l prtnership but ny winnin!stherefrom shll form prt of the +onu!l prtnership property. )961

@e+tion /. Administrtion of theConu!l Prtnership Property

Art. )06. $he dministrtion nd enoyment of the +onu!l prtnershipshll belon! to both spouses ointly. In +se of dis!reement, thehusbnd:s de+ision shll previl, sube+t to re+ourse to the +ourt by thewife for proper remedy, whi+h must be viled of within five yers fromthe dte of the +ontr+t implementin! su+h de+ision.

In the event tht one spouse is in+p+itted or otherwise unble toprti+ipte in the dministrtion of the +onu!l properties, the otherspouse my ssume sole powers of dministrtion. $hese powers donot in+lude disposition or en+umbrn+e without uthority of the +ourt orthe written +onsent of the other spouse. In the bsen+e of su+huthority or +onsent, the disposition or en+umbrn+e shll be void.

owever, the trns+tion shll be +onstrued s +ontinuin! offer onthe prt of the +onsentin! spouse nd the third person, nd my beperfe+ted s bindin! +ontr+t upon the ++eptn+e by the otherspouse or uthori3tion by the +ourt before the offer is withdrwn byeither or both offerors. )9/1

Art. )0/. Neither spouse my donte ny +onu!l prtnership propertywithout the +onsent of the other. owever, either spouse my, withoutthe +onsent of the other, m5e moderte dontions from the +onu!lprtnership property for +hrity or on o++sions of fmily reoi+in! orfmily distress. )761

@e+tion 9. ?issolution of Conu!l Prtnership Re!ime

Art. )09. $he +onu!l prtnership termintes#)1 Upon the deth of either spouse2

01 >hen there is de+ree of le!l seprtion2

41 >hen the mrri!e is nnulled or de+lred void2 or

61 In +se of udi+il seprtion of property durin! themrri!e under Arti+les )46 to )48. )7/1

Art. )07. $he seprtion in f+t between husbnd nd wife shll notffe+t the re!ime of +onu!l prtnership, e-+ept tht#

)1 $he spouse who leves the +onu!l home or refuses tolive therein, without ust +use, shll not hve the ri!ht to besupported2

01 >hen the +onsent of one spouse to ny trns+tion of theother is re*uired by lw, udi+il uthori3tion shll be obtinedin summry pro+eedin!2

41 In the bsen+e of suffi+ient +onu!l prtnership property,the seprte property of both spouses shll be solidrily liblefor the support of the fmily. $he spouse present shll, uponpetition in summry pro+eedin!, be !iven udi+il uthority todminister or en+umber ny spe+ifi+ seprte property of theother spouse nd use the fruits or pro+eeds thereof to stisfythe ltter:s shre. )781

Art. )08. If spouse without ust +use bndons the other or fils to

+omply with his or her obli!tion to the fmily, the !!rieved spousemy petition the +ourt for re+eivership, for udi+il seprtion ofproperty, or for uthority to be the sole dministrtor of the +onu!lprtnership property, sube+t to su+h pre+utionry +onditions s the+ourt my impose.

$he obli!tions to the fmily mentioned in the pre+edin! pr!rphrefer to mritl, prentl or property reltions.

A spouse is deemed to hve bndoned the other when he or she hsleft the +onu!l dwellin! without intention of returnin!. $he spousewho hs left the +onu!l dwellin! for period of three months or hs

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filed within the sme period to !ive ny informtion s to his or herwherebouts shll be prim f+ie presumed to hve no intention ofreturnin! to the +onu!l dwellin!. )97, )=)1

@e+tion 7. %i*uidtion of theConu!l Prtnership Assets nd %ibilities

Art. )0=. Upon the dissolution of the +onu!l prtnership re!ime, thefollowin! pro+edure shll pply#)1 An inventory shll be prepred, listin! seprtely ll theproperties of the +onu!l prtnership nd the e-+lusiveproperties of e+h spouse.

01 Amounts dvn+ed by the +onu!l prtnership in pymentof personl debts nd obli!tions of either spouse shll be+redited to the +onu!l prtnership s n sset thereof.

41 &+h spouse shll be reimbursed for the use of his or here-+lusive funds in the +*uisition of property or for the vlue of

his or her e-+lusive property, the ownership of whi+h hs beenvested by lw in the +onu!l prtnership.

61 $he debts nd obli!tions of the +onu!l prtnership shllbe pid out of the +onu!l ssets. In +se of insuffi+ien+y ofsid ssets, the spouses shll be solidrily lible for the unpidbln+e with their seprte properties, in ++ordn+e with theprovisions of pr!rph 01 of Arti+le )0).

/1 >htever remins of the e-+lusive properties of thespouses shll therefter be delivered to e+h of them.

91 Unless the owner hd been indemnified from whteversour+e, the loss or deteriortion of movbles used for thebenefit of the fmily, belon!in! to either spouse, even due tofortuitous event, shll be pid to sid spouse from the +onu!lfunds, if ny.

71 $he net reminder of the +onu!l prtnership propertiesshll +onstitute the profits, whi+h shll be divided e*ullybetween husbnd nd wife, unless different proportion ordivision ws !reed upon in the mrri!e settlements orunless there hs been voluntry wiver or forfeiture of su+h

shre s provided in this Code.

81 $he presumptive le!itimes of the +ommon +hildren shll bedelivered upon the prtition in ++ordn+e with Arti+le /).

=1 In the prtition of the properties, the +onu!l dwellin! ndthe lot on whi+h it is situted shll, unless otherwise !reedupon by the prties, be dudi+ted to the spouse with whomthe mority of the +ommon +hildren +hoose to remin.Children below the !e of seven yers re deemed to hve

+hosen the mother, unless the +ourt hs de+ided otherwise. In+se there is no su+h mority, the +ourt shll de+ide, t5in!into +onsidertion the best interests of sid +hildren. )8),)80, )84, )86, )8/1

Art. )4henever the li*uidtion of the +onu!l prtnershipproperties of two or more mrri!es +ontr+ted by the sme personbefore the effe+tivity of this Code is +rried out simultneously, the

respe+tive +pitl, fruits nd in+ome of e+h prtnership shll bedetermined upon su+h proof s my be +onsidered ++ordin! to therules of eviden+e. In +se of doubt s to whi+h prtnership the e-istin!properties belon!, the sme shll be divided between the differentprtnerships in proportion to the +pitl nd durtion of e+h. )8=1

Art. )40. $he Rules of Court on the dministrtion of esttes ofde+esed persons shll be observed in the pprisl nd sle ofproperty of the +onu!l prtnership, nd other mtters whi+h re note-pressly determined in this Chpter. )871

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Art. )44. "rom the +ommon mss of property support shll be !iven tothe survivin! spouse nd to the +hildren durin! the li*uidtion of theinventoried property nd until wht belon!s to them is delivered2 butfrom this shll be dedu+ted tht mount re+eived for support whi+he-+eeds the fruits or rents pertinin! to them. )881

Chpter /. @eprtion of Property of the@pouses nd Administrtion of Common Property by

One @pouse ?urin! the 'rri!e

Art. )46. In the bsen+e of n e-press de+lrtion in the mrri!esettlements, the seprtion of property between spouses durin! themrri!e shll not t5e pl+e e-+ept by udi+il order. @u+h udi+ilseprtion of property my either be voluntry or for suffi+ient +use.)=


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41 >hen the +ourt, bein! stisfied tht the spouse !rnted thepower of dministrtion in the mrri!e settlements will not!in buse tht power, uthori3es the resumption of siddministrtion2

61 >hen the spouse who hs left the +onu!l home without de+ree of le!l seprtion resumes +ommon life with the other2

/1 >hen prentl uthority is udi+illy restored to the spousepreviously deprived thereof2

91 >hen the spouses who hve seprted in f+t for t lestone yer, re+on+ile nd resume +ommon life2 or

71 >hen fter voluntry dissolution of the bsolute +ommunityof property or +onu!l prtnership hs been udi+illy de+reedupon the oint petition of the spouses, they !ree to the revivlof the former property re!ime. No voluntry seprtion ofproperty my therefter be !rnted.

$he revivl of the former property re!ime shll be !overned by Arti+le97. )=/1

Art. )60. $he dministrtion of ll +lsses of e-+lusive property ofeither spouse my be trnsferred by the +ourt to the other spouse#

)1 >hen one spouse be+omes the !urdin of the other2

01 >hen one spouse is udi+illy de+lred n bsentee2

41 >hen one spouse is senten+ed to penlty whi+h +rries

with it +ivil interdi+tion2 or

61 >hen one spouse be+omes fu!itive from usti+e or is inhidin! s n ++used in +riminl +se.

If the other spouse is not *ulified by reson of in+ompeten+e, +onfli+tof interest, or ny other ust +use, the +ourt shll ppoint suitbleperson to be the dministrtor. n1

Chpter 9. Re!ime of @eprtion of Property

Art. )64. @hould the future spouses !ree in the mrri!e settlements

tht their property reltions durin! mrri!e shll be !overned by there!ime of seprtion of property, the provisions of this Chpter shll besuppletory. 0)01

Art. )66. @eprtion of property my refer to present or future propertyor both. It my be totl or prtil. In the ltter +se, the property not!reed upon s seprte shll pertin to the bsolute +ommunity.0)41

Art. )6/. &+h spouse shll own, dispose of, possess, dminister ndenoy his or her own seprte estte, without need of the +onsent ofthe other. $o e+h spouse shll belon! ll ernin!s from his or herprofession, business or industry nd ll fruits, nturl, industril or +ivil,due or re+eived durin! the mrri!e from his or her seprte property.0)61

Art. )69. oth spouses shll ber the fmily e-penses in proportion totheir in+ome, or, in +se of insuffi+ien+y or defult thereof, to the+urrent mr5et vlue of their seprte properties.+hn robles virtullw librry

$he libilities of the spouses to +reditors for fmily e-penses shll,however, be solidry. 0)/1

Chpter 7. Property Re!ime of Unions >ithout 'rri!e

Art. )67. >hen mn nd womn who re +p+itted to mrrye+h other, live e-+lusively with e+h other s husbnd nd wifewithout the benefit of mrri!e or under void mrri!e, their w!esnd slries shll be owned by them in e*ul shres nd the property+*uired by both of them throu!h their wor5 or industry shll be

!overned by the rules on +o;ownership.

In the bsen+e of proof to the +ontrry, properties +*uired while theylived to!ether shll be presumed to hve been obtined by their ointefforts, wor5 or industry, nd shll be owned by them in e*ul shres."or purposes of this Arti+le, prty who did not prti+ipte in the+*uisition by the other prty of ny property shll be deemed to hve+ontributed ointly in the +*uisition thereof if the former:s efforts+onsisted in the +re nd mintenn+e of the fmily nd of thehousehold.

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Neither prty +n en+umber or dispose by +ts inter vivos of his or hershre in the property +*uired durin! +ohbittion nd owned in+ommon, without the +onsent of the other, until fter the termintion oftheir +ohbittion.

>hen only one of the prties to void mrri!e is in !ood fith, theshre of the prty in bd fith in the +o;ownership shll be forfeited infvor of their +ommon +hildren. In +se of defult of or wiver by ny orll of the +ommon +hildren or their des+endnts, e+h v+nt shreshll belon! to the respe+tive survivin! des+endnts. In the bsen+e ofdes+endnts, su+h shre shll belon! to the inno+ent prty. In ll+ses, the forfeiture shll t5e pl+e upon termintion of the+ohbittion. )661

Art. )68. In +ses of +ohbittion not fllin! under the pre+edin!Arti+le, only the properties +*uired by both of the prties throu!h their+tul oint +ontribution of money, property, or industry shll be ownedby them in +ommon in proportion to their respe+tive +ontributions. Inthe bsen+e of proof to the +ontrry, their +ontributions nd+orrespondin! shres re presumed to be e*ul. $he sme rule nd

presumption shll pply to oint deposits of money nd eviden+es of+redit.

If one of the prties is vlidly mrried to nother, his or her shre in the+o;ownership shll ++rue to the bsolute +ommunity or +onu!lprtnership e-istin! in su+h vlid mrri!e. If the prty who +ted inbd fith is not vlidly mrried to nother, his or her shll be forfeited inthe mnner provided in the lst pr!rph of the pre+edin! Arti+le.

$he fore!oin! rules on forfeiture shll li5ewise pply even if bothprties re in bd fith. )661

$I$%& B

$& "A'I%G

Chpter ). $he "mily s n Institution

Art. )6=. $he fmily, bein! the foundtion of the ntion, is bsi+so+il institution whi+h publi+ poli+y +herishes nd prote+ts.Conse*uently, fmily reltions re !overned by lw nd no +ustom,pr+ti+e or !reement destru+tive of the fmily shll be re+o!ni3ed or!iven effe+t. 0)9, 0)81

Art. /


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Art. )//. $he fmily home shll be e-empt from e-e+ution, for+ed sleor tt+hment e-+ept#

)1 "or nonpyment of t-es2

01 "or debts in+urred prior to the +onstitution of the fmilyhome2

41 "or debts se+ured by mort!!es on the premises before or

fter su+h +onstitution2 nd

61 "or debts due to lborers, me+hni+s, r+hite+ts, builders,mterilmen nd others who hve rendered servi+e orfurnished mteril for the +onstru+tion of the buildin!. 0641

Art. )/9. $he fmily home must be prt of the properties of thebsolute +ommunity or the +onu!l prtnership, or of the e-+lusiveproperties of either spouse with the ltter:s +onsent. It my lso be+onstituted by n unmrried hed of fmily on his or her ownproperty.

Nevertheless, property tht is the sube+t of +onditionl sle oninstllments where ownership is reserved by the vendor only to!urntee pyment of the pur+hse pri+e my be +onstituted s fmily home. 007, 0081

Art. )/7. $he +tul vlue of the fmily home shll not e-+eed, t thetime of its +onstitution, the mount of the three hundred thousndpesos in urbn res, nd two hundred thousnd pesos in rurl res,or su+h mounts s my herefter be fi-ed by lw.

In ny event, if the vlue of the +urren+y +hn!es fter the doption of

this Code, the vlue most fvorble for the +onstitution of fmilyhome shll be the bsis of evlution.

"or purposes of this Arti+le, urbn res re deemed to in+lude+hrtered +ities nd muni+iplities whose nnul in+ome t leste*uls tht le!lly re*uired for +hrtered +ities. All others re deemedto be rurl res. 04)1

Art. )/8. $he fmily home my be sold, liented, donted, ssi!nedor en+umbered by the owner or owners thereof with the written +onsentof the person +onstitutin! the sme, the ltter:s spouse, nd mority

of the benefi+iries of le!l !e. In +se of +onfli+t, the +ourt shllde+ide. 04/1

Art. )/=. $he fmily home shll +ontinue despite the deth of one orboth spouses or of the unmrried hed of the fmily for period of tenyers or for s lon! s there is minor benefi+iry, nd the heirs+nnot prtition the sme unless the +ourt finds +ompellin! resonstherefor. $his rule shll pply re!rdless of whoever owns the propertyor +onstituted the fmily home. 0481

Art. )9hen +reditor whose +lims is not mon! those mentionedin Arti+le )// obtins ud!ment in his fvor, nd he hs resonble!rounds to believe tht the fmily home is +tully worth more thn them-imum mount fi-ed in Arti+le )/7, he my pply to the +ourt whi+hrendered the ud!ment for n order dire+tin! the sle of the propertyunder e-e+ution. $he +ourt shll so order if it finds tht the +tul vlueof the fmily home e-+eeds the m-imum mount llowed by lw s ofthe time of its +onstitution. If the in+resed +tul vlue e-+eeds them-imum llowed in Arti+le )/7 nd results from subse*uent voluntryimprovements introdu+ed by the person or persons +onstitutin! the

fmily home, by the owner or owners of the property, or by ny of thebenefi+iries, the sme rule nd pro+edure shll pply.

At the e-e+ution sle, no bid below the vlue llowed for fmily homeshll be +onsidered. $he pro+eeds shll be pplied first to the mountmentioned in Arti+le )/7, nd then to the libilities under the ud!mentnd the +osts. $he e-+ess, if ny, shll be delivered to the ud!mentdebtor. 067, 0681

Art. )9). "or purposes of vilin! of the benefits of fmily home sprovided for in this Chpter, person my +onstitute, or be thebenefi+iry of, only one fmily home. n1

Art. )90. $he provisions in this Chpter shll lso !overn e-istin!fmily residen+es insofr s sid provisions re ppli+ble. n1

$I$%& BI

PA$&RNI$G AN? "I%IA$ION

Chpter ). %e!itimte Children

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Art. )94. $he filition of +hildren my be by nture or by doption.Nturl filition my be le!itimte or ille!itimte. n1

Art. )96. Children +on+eived or born durin! the mrri!e of the prentsre le!itimte.

Children +on+eived s result of rtifi+il insemintion of the wife with

the sperm of the husbnd or tht of donor or both re li5ewisele!itimte +hildren of the husbnd nd his wife, provided, tht both ofthem uthori3ed or rtified su+h insemintion in written instrumente-e+uted nd si!ned by them before the birth of the +hild. $heinstrument shll be re+orded in the +ivil re!istry to!ether with the birth+ertifi+te of the +hild. //, 0/81

Art. )9/. Children +on+eived nd born outside vlid mrri!e reille!itimte, unless otherwise provided in this Code. n1

Art. )99. %e!itim+y of +hild my be impu!ned only on the followin!!rounds#

)1 $ht it ws physi+lly impossible for the husbnd to hvese-ul inter+ourse with his wife within the first )0< dys of the4


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Art. )7). $he heirs of the husbnd my impu!n the filition of the +hildwithin the period pres+ribed in the pre+edin! rti+le only in thefollowin! +ses#

)1 If the husbnd should died before the e-pirtion of theperiod fi-ed for brin!in! his +tion2

01 If he should die fter the filin! of the +omplint without

hvin! desisted therefrom2 or

41 If the +hild ws born fter the deth of the husbnd. 0901

Chpter 0. Proof of "ilition

Art. )70. $he filition of le!itimte +hildren is estblished by ny of thefollowin!#

)1 $he re+ord of birth pperin! in the +ivil re!ister or finlud!ment2 or

01 An dmission of le!itimte filition in publi+ do+ument or

privte hndwritten instrument nd si!ned by the prent+on+erned.

In the bsen+e of the fore!oin! eviden+e, the le!itimte filition shllbe

proved by#

)1 $he open nd +ontinuous possession of the sttus of le!itimte +hild2 or

01 Any other mens llowed by the Rules of Court nd spe+illws. 09/, 099, 0971

Art. )74. $he +tion to +lim le!itim+y my be brou!ht by the +hilddurin! his or her lifetime nd shll be trnsmitted to the heirs shouldthe +hild die durin! minority or in stte of insnity. In these +ses, theheirs shll hve period of five yers within whi+h to institute the+tion.

Art. )76. %e!itimte +hildren shll hve the ri!ht#

)1 $o ber the surnmes of the fther nd the mother, in+onformity with the provisions of the Civil Code on @urnmes2

01 $o re+eive support from their prents, their s+endnts,nd in proper +ses, their brothers nd sisters, in +onformitywith the provisions of this Code on @upport2 nd

41 $o be entitled to the le!itimte nd other su++essionl

ri!hts !rnted to them by the Civil Code. 0961

Chpter 4. Ille!itimte Children

Art. )7/. Ille!itimte +hildren my estblish their ille!itimte filition inthe sme wy nd on the sme eviden+e s le!itimte +hildren.

$he +tion must be brou!ht within the sme period spe+ified in Arti+le)74, e-+ept when the +tion is bsed on the se+ond pr!rph of

Arti+le )70, in whi+h +se the +tion my be brou!ht durin! the lifetimeof the lle!ed prent. 08=1

Art. )79. Ille!itimte +hildren shll use the surnme nd shll be underthe prentl uthority of their mother, nd shll be entitled to support in+onformity with this Code. $he le!itime of e+h ille!itimte +hild shll+onsist of one;hlf of the le!itime of le!itimte +hild. &-+ept for thismodifi+tion, ll other provisions in the Civil Code !overnin!su++essionl ri!hts shll remin in for+e. 0871

Chpter 6. %e!itimted Children

Art. )77. Only +hildren +on+eived nd born outside of wedlo+5 ofprents who, t the time of the +on+eption of the former, were notdis*ulified by ny impediment to mrry e+h other my bele!itimted. 09=1

Art. )78. %e!itimtion shll t5e pl+e by subse*uent vlid mrri!ebetween prents. $he nnulment of voidble mrri!e shll notffe+t the le!itimtion. 07


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Art. )8hen one spouse see5s to dopt the le!itimte +hild of theother. 0=, &. O. =) nd P? 9


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01 $he prents by nture of the +hild, the le!l !urdin, orthe proper !overnment instrumentlity2

41 $he le!itimte nd dopted +hildren, ten yers of !e orover, of the doptin! prent or prents2

61 $he ille!itimte +hildren, ten yers of !e or over, of thedoptin! prent, if livin! with sid prent nd the ltter:s

spouse, if ny2 nd

/1 $he spouse, if ny, of the person doptin! or to bedopted. 4), &. O. =) nd P? 9


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Hudi+il res+ission of the doption shll e-tin!uish ll re+ipro+l ri!htsnd obli!tions between the dopters nd the dopted risin! from thereltionship of prent nd +hild. $he dopted shll li5ewise lose theri!ht to use the surnmes of the dopters nd shll resume hissurnme prior to the doption.

$he +ourt shll ++ordin!ly order the mendment of the re+ords in theproper re!istries. 60, P? 9


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>hen two or more re+ipients t the sme time +lim support from onend the sme person le!lly obli!ed to !ive it, should the ltter nothve suffi+ient mens to stisfy ll +lims, the order estblished in thepre+edin! rti+le shll be followed, unless the +on+urrent obli!eesshould be the spouse nd +hild sube+t to prentl uthority, in whi+h+se the +hild shll be preferred. 0=/1

Art. 0


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+hildren, unless the +ourt ppoints nother person to be the !urdinof the person or property of the +hildren. n1

Art. 0)4. In +se of seprtion of the prents, prentl uthority shllbe e-er+ised by the prent desi!nted by the Court. $he Court shllt5e into ++ount ll relevnt +onsidertions, espe+illy the +hoi+e ofthe +hild over seven yers of !e, unless the prent +hosen is unfit. n1

Art. 0)6. In +se of deth, bsen+e or unsuitbility of the prents,substitute prentl uthority shll be e-er+ised by the survivin!!rndprent. In +se severl survive, the one desi!nted by the +ourt,t5in! into ++ount the sme +onsidertion mentioned in the pre+edin!rti+le, shll e-er+ise the uthority. 4//1

Art. 0)/. No des+endnt shll be +ompelled, in +riminl +se, totestify !inst his prents nd !rndprents, e-+ept when su+htestimony is indispensble in +rime !inst the des+endnt or by oneprent !inst the other. 4)/1

Chpter 0. @ubstitute nd @pe+il Prentl Authority

Art. 0)9. In defult of prents or udi+illy ppointed !urdin, thefollowin! person shll e-er+ise substitute prentl uthority over the+hild in the order indi+ted#

)1 $he survivin! !rndprent, s provided in Art. 0)62

01 $he oldest brother or sister, over twenty;one yers of !e,unless unfit or dis*ulified2 nd

41 $he +hild:s +tul +ustodin, over twenty;one yers of !e,unless unfit or dis*ulified.

>henever the ppointment or udi+il !urdin over the property ofthe +hild be+omes ne+essry, the sme order of preferen+e shll beobserved. 46=, 4/), 4/61

Art. 0)7. In +se of foundlin!s, bndoned ne!le+ted or bused+hildren nd other +hildren similrly situted, prentl uthority shll beentrusted in summry udi+il pro+eedin!s to heds of +hildren:shomes, orphn!es nd similr institutions duly ++redited by theproper !overnment !en+y. 4)61

Art. 0)8. $he s+hool, its dministrtors nd te+hers, or the individul,entity or institution en!!ed in +hild re shll hve spe+il prentluthority nd responsibility over the minor +hild while under theirsupervision, instru+tion or +ustody.

Authority nd responsibility shll pply to ll uthori3ed +tivitieswhether inside or outside the premises of the s+hool, entity orinstitution. 46=1

Art. )0=. $hose !iven the uthority nd responsibility under thepre+edin! Arti+le shll be prin+iplly nd solidrily lible for dm!es+used by the +ts or omissions of the unemn+ipted minor. $heprents, udi+il !urdins or the persons e-er+isin! substituteprentl uthority over sid minor shll be subsidirily lible.

$he respe+tive libilities of those referred to in the pre+edin!pr!rph shll not pply if it is proved tht they e-er+ised the properdili!en+e re*uired under the prti+ulr +ir+umstn+es.

All other +ses not +overed by this nd the pre+edin! rti+les shll be

!overned by the provisions of the Civil Code on *usi;deli+ts. n1

Chpter 4. &ffe+t of Prentl Authority Upon the Persons of the Children

Art. 00


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with others, prote+t them from bd +ompny, nd prevent themfrom +*uirin! hbits detrimentl to their helth, studies ndmorls2

/1 $o represent them in ll mtters ffe+tin! their interests2

91 $o demnd from them respe+t nd obedien+e2

71 $o impose dis+ipline on them s my be re*uired under the+ir+umstn+es2 nd

81 $o perform su+h other duties s re imposed by lw uponprents nd !urdins. 4)91

Art. 00). Prents nd other persons e-er+isin! prentl uthority shllbe +ivilly lible for the inuries nd dm!es +used by the +ts oromissions of their unemn+ipted +hildren livin! in their +ompny ndunder their prentl uthority sube+t to the pproprite defensesprovided by lw. 0)8here the mr5et vlue of the property or the nnul in+ome of the+hild e-+eeds P/


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$he ri!ht of the prents over the fruits nd in+ome of the +hild:sproperty shll be limited primrily to the +hild:s support nd se+ondrilyto the +olle+tive dily needs of the fmily. 40), 4041

Art. 007. If the prents entrust the mn!ement or dministrtion ofny of their properties to n unemn+ipted +hild, the net pro+eeds ofsu+h property shll belon! to the owner. $he +hild shll be !iven resonble monthly llown+e in n mount not less thn tht whi+hthe owner would hve pid if the dministrtor were strn!er, unlessthe owner, !rnts the entire pro+eeds to the +hild. In ny +se, thepro+eeds thus !ive in whole or in prt shll not be +hr!ed to the+hild:s le!itime. 4001

Chpter /. @uspension or $ermintion of Prentl Authority

Art. 008. Prentl uthority termintes permnently#)1 Upon the deth of the prents2

01 Upon the deth of the +hild2 or

41 Upon emn+iption of the +hild. 4071

Art. 00=. Unless subse*uently revived by finl ud!ment, prentluthority lso termintes#

)1 Upon doption of the +hild2

01 Upon ppointment of !enerl !urdin2

41 Upon udi+il de+lrtion of bndonment of the +hild in +se filed for the purpose2

61 Upon finl ud!ment of +ompetent +ourt divestin! theprty +on+erned of prentl uthority2 or

/1 Upon udi+il de+lrtion of bsen+e or in+p+ity of theperson e-er+isin! prentl uthority. 4071

Art. 04


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Art. 046. &mn+iption t5es pl+e by the ttinment of mority.Unless otherwise provided, mority +ommen+es t the !e of twenty;one yers.

&mn+iption lso t5es pl+e#

)1 y the mrri!e of the minor2 or

01 y the re+ordin! in the Civil Re!ister of n !reement in publi+ instrument e-e+uted by the prent e-er+isin! prentluthority nd the minor t lest ei!hteen yers of !e. @u+hemn+iption shll be irrevo+ble. 4=7, 4=8, 6hen husbnd nd wife re seprted in f+t, or one hs

bndoned the other nd one of them see5s udi+il uthori3tion for trns+tion where the +onsent of the other spouse is re*uired by lwbut su+h +onsent is withheld or +nnot be obtined, verified petitionmy be filed in +ourt lle!in! the fore!oin! f+ts.

$he petition shll tt+h the proposed deed, if ny, embodyin! thetrns+tion, nd, if none, shll des+ribe in detil the sid trns+tionnd stte the reson why the re*uired +onsent thereto +nnot bese+ured. In ny +se, the finl deed duly e-e+uted by the prties shllbe submitted to nd pproved by the +ourt. n1

Art. 06


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ffidvits, do+umentry eviden+e or orl testimonies t the sounddis+retion of the +ourt. If testimony is needed, the +ourt shll spe+ifythe witnesses to be herd nd the sube+t;mtter of their testimonies,dire+tin! the prties to present sid witnesses. n1

Art. 067. $he ud!ment of the +ourt shll be immeditely finl nde-e+utory. n1

Art. 068. $he petition for udi+il uthority to dminister or en+umberspe+ifi+ seprte property of the bndonin! spouse nd to use thefruits or pro+eeds thereof for the support of the fmily shll lso be!overned by these rules. n1

Chpter 4. In+idents Involvin! Prentl Authority

Art. 06=. Petitions filed under Arti+les 004, 00/ nd 04/ of this Codeinvolvin! prentl uthority shll be verified. n1

Art. 0/

Documents

Family Code of the Phil