family and its role in socialization

7/29/2019 family and its role in socialization

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Chapter Three

Socialization:From Infancy

to Old Age


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Social Experience:

The Key to Our Humanity

Socialization the lifelong social

experience by which individualsdevelop their _____ _________.

Personality a

persons fairly_______ ________of acting, thinking,and feeling.


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Human Development:

Nature and Nurture

Sociobiology the role of nature

Elements of society have a___________ root

Behaviorism - the role of _______

Most of who and what we are as aspecies is learned, or social innature


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Human Development:

Nature and Nurture

Charles Darwins

study of _______ ledto the nature

argument.

______ that enhancesurvival emerge as aspecies nature.

Biological Sciences


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Human Development:

Nature and Nurture

John Watson

developed atheory called_________.

Behavior is not________, but_______.

Social Sciences


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Social Isolation

Harry and Margaret Harlow discovered

that infant monkeys left in isolationsuffered _________ and ________

damage.

Six months of complete ______ wasenough to lead to permanent

developmental damage.


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Social Isolation

Three children, Anna, Isabelle, and

Genie were left in isolation and suffered_________ _________ ________.

Social experience performs a crucial

role in forming _________. Without social experience, a child is

incapable of thought or meaningful

action


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Understanding Socialization

Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud believed that

biology plays a major role in_______ ____________.

Eros (the____ instinct) - covers all the self-

preserving and erotic instincts.

Thanatos (the______ instinct) - covers all theinstincts towards aggression, self-destruction

and cruelty.


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Sigmund Freud

Our _____ ______ or needs as humans are

reflected in the concept ofid The ego is the element of the personality

representing the demands of society,

balancing innate pleasure-seeking drives._______, in the form of the superego,

represses selfish demands and demands

that individuals become ____ __________.


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Jean Piaget

Jean Piaget studied human cognition,

how people _____ and _________. Piaget identified four stages of

cognitive development:

(1) The Sensorimotor Stage.

(2) The ___________ Stage.

(3) The Concrete Operational Stage.

(4) The Formal Operational Stage.

Cognitive Development


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Jean Piaget

Stages of development

Sensorimotor stageSensory contact understanding(eg. touching,

smelling, looking)

Preoperational stageUse of language and other symbols(specific

experiences/objects)

Concrete operational stagePerception of _______ ____________ in

surroundings

Formal operational stageAbstract, critical thinking (eg. career preferences, etc)

Cognitive Development


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Lawrence Kohlberg

Kohlberg studied

moral reasoning,the ways individualsjudge situations as_____ or ______.

Young childrenexperience theworld in terms of

____ and ________.

Moral Development
http://www.search.com/images?q=Lawrence+Kohlberg&topframe=1&page=1&int=1567&index=2


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Lawrence Kohlberg

Teens lose their sense

of selfishness as theyalign themselves withbroader ______ _____.

Lastly, individuals beginto think about _______principles beyondsocietys norms.

Moral Development


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Lawrence Kohlberg

Pre-Conventional1. Obedience & punishment orientation

2. Self-interest orientation

Conventional3. Interpersonal accord and conformity

4. Authority and social-order orientation

__________________5. Social contract orientation

6. Universal ethical principles

Moral Development


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Carol Gilligan

Gilligan compared the moral

development of girls and boys. The two sexes use different standards

of _________.

Gender Development


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Carol Gilligan

Boys have a justice

perspective, relying on______ _____.

Girls have a _____ and_________ perspective,relying on personalrelationships.

Gender Development


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George Herbert Mead

Mead believed social behaviorism explains

how social experience creates personality. Meads central concept is the self the

part of the individuals personality

composed of self-awareness and self-image.

The _______ of the ____ is in social

experience.

Theory of Social Self


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Figure 3-1 (p. 77)


George Herbert Mead

Building on the Social Experience



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George Herbert Mead

Building on the Social Experience

Recognizing the________ _____:

Widespread norms& values peopletake as their own



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Charles Horton Cooley

Cooley used the term the looking-

glass self a self-image based on howwe think others see us.

Others represent a mirror in which we

can see _______. What we think of ourselves depends on

what we think others ____ __ __.



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Erik Erikson

Erikson felt we face eight challenges

throughout the life course. Success at one stage prepares us for

meeting the next.

He assumes all people meet thesechallenges at exactly the order presented,in________ _______.

Stages of Development


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Erik Erikson 8 Stages

(1) Trust vs. Mistrust

(2) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt(3) Initiative vs. Guilt

(4) Industry vs. Inferiority

(5) _______ vs. Role Confusion(6) Intimacy vs. Isolation

(7) Generativity vs. Stagnation

(8) Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Stages of Development


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Agents of Socialization

The familyhas thegreatestimpact on

__________.

Social Readjustment Scale
http://www.cop.ufl.edu/safezone/doty/dotyhome/wellness/HolRah.htmhttp://www.cop.ufl.edu/safezone/doty/dotyhome/wellness/HolRah.htm


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RacialIdentity

SocialClassPosition

Race and Class

________ & conformity (poor) vs.good judgment & creativity (rich)


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_________

enlargeschildrens socialworlds to includepeople withdifferentbackgrounds.


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Peer groups ______

groups whose membershave interests, social

positions, and ages in

common.


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Mass media ________ communications

aimed at a vast audience.


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Violence and television

1996: American MedicalAssociation stated

________ on television

and films are hard tohealth

1997: Television ratingsystem adopted


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Learning continues throughout our lives.

Childhood iscurrently

becoming______.

Socialization and the Life Course


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_______ is often a period of social and

emotional turmoil.



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Adulthood is characterized by early goalsetting and later _______.



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Old age

begins inthe mid-

sixties in the

United

States.



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Death & Dying 5 Stages

1. Denial

2. Anger

3. Negotiation

4. __________

5. Acceptance

Elisabeth Kbler-Ross


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1. The life course is

a ________________

2. Stages in life are

learningexperiences

Cohort a category of people with something in

common (usually their age)

Life Course Patterns and Variations


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Resocialization:

Total Institutions

___ _______ people experience being

confined in prisons or mental hospitals.


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Resocialization:

Total Institutions

Total institution asetting in which people are

isolated from the rest of

society and manipulated

by an ________ _____.

Resocializationradically changing an inmatespersonality by carefully ________ the

i t

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family and its role in socialization