Families on the Periodic Table

Alkali Metals

Elements

Solids:

Lithium

Potassium

Sodium

Rubidium

Cesium

Francium

Alkali Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Soft Dull silver color Low density Low melting point

Reacts w/ halogens to form salts

Reacts w/ water to form strong alkaline hydroxides

Alkaline Earth Metals

Elements

Solids

Beryllium

Magnesium

Calcium

Strontium

Barium

Radium

Alkaline Earth Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Soft Shiny silver color Low density Found naturally as a

compound

Glow different colors Reacts w/ halogens to

form ionic salts

Transition Metals

Elements

Solids

All “D-block” elements

Atomic numbers 21-30

39-48

57, 72-80

89, 104-112

Transition Metals (cont.)

Characteristics High density High melting / boiling

point Good catalysts

Hard, tough & strong Silvery blue at room

temp. Multiple oxidation

states

Other Metals

Elements

Solids

Aluminum

Gallium

Indium

Tin

Thallium

Lead

Bismuth

Other Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Relatively high density Salts Solids

Opaque color Malleable Oxidation numbers +3,

+4, -3

Metalloids

Elements

Solids

Boron

Silicon

Germanium

Arsenic

Antimony

Tellurium

Polonium

Metalloids (cont.)

Characteristics Some shiny Some dull Malleable

Ductile Has properties of both

metals and nonmetals

Non-Metals

Gases

Hydrogen

Carbon

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Solids

Phosphorus

Sulfur

Selenium

Non-Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Poor thermal

conductors Brittle Little to no metallic

luster High ionization energy

High electronegativity Gain electrons easily Various valance

electron amts.

Halogens

Solids

Iodine

Astatine

Liquids

Bromine

Gases

Fluorine

Chlorine

Halogens (cont.)

Only group in all 3 states of matter Highly reactive w/ Alkali Metals & Alkaline

Earth Metals High electronegativity

Noble Gases

Elements

Gases

Helium

Neon

Argon

Krypton

Xenon

Radon

Noble Gases (cont.)

Non-reactive Odorless Tasteless Colorless Nonflammable

Rare Earth Elements

Elements

Solids

All “F-block” elements

Atomic numbers 58-71

90-103

Rare Earth Elements (cont.)

Characteristics Most are manmade High luster High burning point High electrical

conductivity

Reactivity varies Usually bonded to

non-metals AKA: lanthanides &

actinides