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False-brome: A threat to forest and prairie ecosystems. Debbie Johnson Institute for Applied Ecology [email protected]. False-brome can: Replace native vegetation through competition for water, nutrients and light Displace associated species - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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False-brome: A threat to forest and prairie ecosystems
Debbie JohnsonInstitute for Applied [email protected]
False-brome can:
• Replace native vegetation through competition for water, nutrients and light
• Displace associated species
• Contribute directly to the decline of threatened and endangered species
• Alter wildfire behavior
• Diminish recreational values or alter access
Photo by Dana Ross
Taylor’s checkerspot butterfly
False-brome Distribution in Oregon
closed canopy forest
meadow
OSU McDonald-Dunn Forest
Blue Mountains
Cascades
Central Basin and Range
Coast Range
Columbia Plateau
Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills
Klamath Mountains
Northern Basin and Range
Snake River Plain
Willamette Valley
Location of McDonald-Dunn Forest in Oregon
Oregon's Ecoregions
Portland
Corvallis
Eugene
Major Cities
McDonald-Dunn Forest
Soap Creek Farm
Berry Creek Farm
2006 Plant Associations
western hemlock / vine maple - Oregon grape
grand fir / poisonoak - trailing blackberry
grand fir / false-brome
grand fir / sword fern
grand fir / Hooker's fairbells - western
grand fir / vine maple - Oregon grape
riparian
Soap Creek Farm
Berry Creek Farm
1993 Plant Associations
western hemlock / vine maple - Oregon grape
grand fir / poisonoak - trailing blackberry
grand fir / false-brome
grand fir / sword fern
grand fir / Hooker's fairbells - western
grand fir / vine maple - Oregon grape
Holly
Black Locust
English Ivy
Reed Canary Grass
Meadow Knapweed
Scot's Broom
Robert's Geranium
Himalyan Blackberry
Priority Species – McDonald Forest
False-brome Management Plan Components
Survey DesignForest-wide on permanent transects (repeat of 1993 survey method)
Containment1. Reduce the amount of seed leaving the forest2. Reduce the amount of false-brome in seed when logging occurs3. Reduce the amount of seeds spread by recreationists4. Reduce the amount of seeds spread by staff
Control1. Treat post-harvest for three years in clearcut units2. Eliminate isolated populations3. Eliminate populations in and around special ecological areas
Education1. Expand on Oak Creek kiosk interpretation; add boot-washer2. Interpret road and trailside treatment project3. Hold periodic field trips
Monitoring1. Measure plots in control treatment areas2. Remeasure forest-wide survey every 10 years
See: Invasive Plant Management Plan for full text at www.cof.orst.edu/cf/forests/mcdonald/plan
Restoration Principles
1. Eliminate small populations using the most effective control technique known.
2. Focus control on the protection of special ecological areas and satellite populations initially, rather than the advancing front of the source population.
3. Educate staff, students, contractors, and recreationists .
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Soap Creek
false-brome ~ 80 acres
-120-100-80-60-40-200
glyphosate/surflan (Oct)
glyphosate (Aug)
mow (Aug)/glyphosate (Oct)
glyphosate (Oct)
fusilade med/surflan (Oct)
glyphosate/pend (Oct)
fusilade med/pendulum (Oct)
fusilade high (Oct)
fusilade high (Aug)
fusilade high/pendulum (Oct)
fusilade high/pendulum (Aug)
fusilade low/pendulum (Oct)
fusilade med/pendulum (Aug)
control
trea
tmen
t
Decline in Brachypodium (%)
Difference in native species richness-1 0 1 2 3 4
glyphosate/surflan (Oct)glyphosate (Aug)mow (Aug)/glyphosate (Oct)glyphosate (Sept)fusilade med/surflan (Oct)glyphosate/pend (Oct)fusilade med/pendulum (Oct)fusilade high (Oct)fusilade high (Aug)fusilade high/pendulum (Oct)fusilade high/pendulum (Aug)fusilade low/pendulum (Oct)fusilade med/pendulum (Aug)control
www.appliedeco.org/reports
Species Mechanical Chemical IPM Notes/Tips
False Brome
-Mowing, burning, grazing (maybe) can be used to remove/deplete annual seed production. -Mow any time in June and the plants should not resprout and produce seed that year. (Mow in May and false-brome resprouts. Mow after July, you will spread false-brome everywhere you go.) Lay down mulch (clean weed free straw) after mowing to supress false-brome for one additional year. -Hand pull small patches in April and early May.
Fall Glyphosate 2 % gal + oryzalin @ 3.3% + non-ionic or MSO/silicon blend surfactant ½ %
-To reduce the amount of herbicide used, mow for several years to eliminate soil seed bank. Then after 3 years, treat with herbicide. -Fall Glyphosate 2 % gal June – mow Fall – repeat glyphosate June – mow Fall – repeat glyphosate
False brome is spreading fast. Slow the spread by making sure clothing and equipment are free of seeds before you leave an infested site.
Enemy release hypothesis is supported for pathogens, but not for insects as herbivory is higher in the invaded range• Seed pathogens control B. sylvaticum population
growth rates in native range
• Rapid evolution has occurred in resistance and water use efficiency
• B. sylvaticum is a poor competitor in the sun, but in the shade it outcompetes E. glaucus, S. arundinaceus, D. californica.
Results from the lab of B. Roy, UO
False-brome Working Group Websitewww.appliedeco.org/invasive-species-resources/FBWG
Middle Fork Willamette Watershed CouncilInvasive Plant Species Working Grouphttp://www.mfwwc.org/nativeplants.html
Resources
Training Lambs to be Weed-eaters Experiments on the efficiency of Ovis airies for use in the biological control of Brachypodium
sylvaticum- a non-native bunchgrass
Ryan Scholz-Junior; Animal Sciences/ Bioresource Research
Dr. Howard Meyers-Professor; OSU Dept. Animal Sciences
Dr. Deborah Clark-Sr. Instructor; OSU Biology Program
Ryan Scholz
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