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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue

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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue

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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue

11/22

L@VOHAOQ1931 33

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31 L@VOHAOQ1931

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~qcmgzglk kq`uy} {`hol ~ec~ cqo }uy(

y`}on ~` `qh ~eo ulgvoq}cd }g}~oqe``n,

]omudcq ohglg}h g} cl ca}~qcm~ m`l(

moy~, G~ `mu}o} `l [o}~oql dgaoqcd gno(

cd}$ `l glngvgnucdg}h$ `l osucdg~w gl ~eoyuadgm cln yqgvc~o }yeoqo$ cln `l k`v(

oqlhol~(}ua}gngzon aolo~} `q h`~e(

oq}$ ch`lk `~eoq ~eglk}, Au~ `q cdd `

g~} gnocdg}~gm c~~ohy~}$ ~eoqo g} c }~gkhc

gl ~eo l`l([o}~oql {`qdn c}}`mgc~on

{g~e ~eg} ~wyo ` ohglg}h, Nq, Hgqgch

M``bo$ Yq`o}}`q ` Cqcagm c~ Nubo _lg(

voq}g~w$ gl eoq ygomo ol~g~don$ G}dchgm

Fohglg}h Ao`qo cln Coq ]oy~ohaoq

33~e$ cqkuo} `q c dglb ao~{ool

kolnoq cln ohygqo, ]eo qooqolmo}

~eo Aqg~g}e ca`dg~g`l gl ~eo 3599} `

~eo yqcm~gmo ` ]c~g$ {eoqo c Eglnu

{`hcl mdghaon `l~` ~eo uloqcd ywqo

` eoq eu}acln, [ec~ ~eg} ch`ul~on ~`

{c} {eg~o hol }cvglk aq`{l {`hol

q`h aq`{l hol, Cln$ cmm`qnglk ~` Nq,

M``bo$ {ec~ ~eo Choqgmcl} cqo n`glk gl

~eo Hgnndo Oc}~ g} ac}on `l ~eo d`kgm~ec~$ ^` nooln `uq ulgvoq}cd mgvgdgzc(

~g`l {o hu}~ qo}muo ~eo {`hol, ` qo}(

muo ~eo}o {`hol {o hu}~ c~~cmb ~eo}o

hol, Au~ ~eg} hg}}g`l ~` qo}muo ~eo

{`hcl g} gleoqol~dw cl cqkuhol~ `

}uyoqg`qg~w$ ~ec~ ~eo [o}~oql ~qcng~g`l

g} }uyoqg`q ~` lc~gvo ~qcng~g`l}$ {eo~eoq

~eow ao Eglnu$ Cqca$ `q Hu}dgh, Cln$

{ec~} ovol h`qo ng}~uqaglk$ g} ~eo gnoc

~ec~ ~eo}o Cqca {`hol loon c }cvg`q$

~ec~ ~eow loon ~` ao qo}muon,Dcuqc Au}e$ `l L`vohaoq 3;$ 1993$

}~c~on gl eoq qcng` cnnqo}} ~` ~eo

lc~g`l: Aomcu}o ` `uq qomol~ hgdg~cqw

kcgl} gl hume ` Ckeclg}~cl$ {`h(

ol cqo l` d`lkoq ghyqg}`lon gl ~eogq

e`ho}, ^eow mcl dg}~ol ~` hu}gm cln

~ocme ~eogq ncuke~oq} {g~e`u~ ocq `

yulg}ehol~, ^eg} g} o}}ol~gcddw cl g(

~eol }~c~ohol~2 g ~eo Choqgmcl} no(

oc~ ~eo `yyqo}}`q(hcl$ ~eol vgm~gh(

{`hcl g} dgaoqc~on, Au~ do~} `mu} gl `l

~eg} gnoc ~eo vgm~gh({`hcl2 }eo g} c

vgm~gh aomcu}o }eo g} yc}}gvo$ aomcu}o

}eo cmmoy~} ~eo `yyqo}}g`l ~ec~ nolgo}

eoq osucdg~w$ qoon`h$ cln ju}~gmo,

[ec~ ~eo Fgq}~ Dcnw gkl`qon gl eoq

}yoome g} ~eo cm~ ~ec~ Ckecl {`hol

ecvo aool cnv`mc~glk `q ~eogq qgke~}

d`lk ao`qo ~eo Choqgmcl glvc}g`l, Gl~eo 37;9}$ ~eo Qov`du~g`lcqw C}}`mgc(

~g`l ` ~eo [`hol ` Ckeclg}~cl {c}

mqoc~on ~` yq`~o}~ ]`vgo~ qudo cln ~eol

~eo ulnchol~cdg}~ qokgho} ~ec~ `d(

d`{on$ glmdunglk ~eo ^cdgacl, Au~ g~ g}

l`~ `ldw ~eo Choqgmcl} ~ec~ ecvo gk(

l`qon ~eo cm~gvg}h ` Hu}dgh {`hol2

~eo Fqolme cd}` ydcwon ~eo q`do ` dgaoq(

c~`q gl ~eogq acl `l vogd}$ }yocqeocnon

aw Hcw`q Clnq Kqgl, Cmm`qnglk ~` c

Lo{ W`qb gho} cq~gmdo l ~eo g}}uo$ Hq,Kqgl }cgn c~ ~eo ~gho ~ec~ ~eo udd cmgcd

vogd$ {egme g} bl`{l gl Fqclmo oqq`lo(

`u}dw c} ~eo auqsc$ }e`udn ao acllon gl

~eo lcho ` ~eo dgaoq~w cln osucdg~w `

{`hol gl c }omudcq m`ul~qw, Hq, Kqgl$

cd`lk {g~e `~eoq Fqolme HY}$ ~qoc~ ~eo

vogd c} m`hyud}`qw$ c} c }wha`d ` m`l(

mqo~o }ua`qnglc~g`l ghy`}on `l Hu}(

dgh {`hol aw ~eogq c~eoq}$ aq`~eoq}$

cln eu}acln}, ^eo}o HY} ecvo mqoc~on

~eo }cho ghcko ` Hu}dgh {`hol c}

Dcuqc Au}e ngn gl eoq }yoome: ~eo yc}(

}gvo vgm~gh,

Gl cl gl~oqvgo{ {g~e C}}`mgc~o Yq`o}(

}`q ` [`hol} ]~ungo} c~ Nubo _lgvoq(

}g~w$ Fqclmo} Ec}}`$ ~eo `dd`{glk suo}(

~g`l {c} y`}on: {ec~ g} ~eo kqoc~o}~

`a}~cmdo ~` ~qcng~g`lcd ohglg}h gl ~eo

[O]^OQL

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HGNNDO OC]^

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Y E @ ^ @ F Q @ H

F D G M B

Q

7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue

13/22

L@VOHAOQ1931 3=

Hgnndo Oc}~0 Eoq qoydw }e`udn l`~ ao

}uqyqg}glk: [o}~oql y`{oq$ gkl`qclmo

cln cqq`kclmo cqo ~eo h`}~ m`l}~qcgl(

glk cm~`q} `l ohglg}~ yq`jom~} gl ~eo

}ol}o ~ec~ {o}~oql n`hglc~g`l yq`j(

om~} `ol qc~g`lcdgzo ~eoh}odvo} `l

~eo ac}g} ` ~eogq mud~uqcd `q `~eoq }uyo(

qg`qg~w, ^eoqo`qo$ aomcu}o ~qcng~g`lcd$

}omudcq ohglg}h g} }` ol~clkdon {g~e

[o}~oql cqq`kclmo cln yoqmoy~g`l} `

}uyoqg`qg~w$ Cqca {`hol ecvo aool

ockoq ~` mqoc~o ~eogq `{l }~qcgl ` ohg(

lg}h: G}dchgm ohglg}h, G}dchgm ohg(

lg}h g} ac}on `l ~eo Suqcl cln `l ~eo

Ecng~e$ au~ gl }ume c {cw ~ec~ gl~oqyqo(

~c~g`l} aw koloqc~g`l} hol cqo }oyc(

qc~on q`h ~eo ngqom~ ~ocmeglk} ` ~eo

Yq`yeo~, Gl cm~$ cmm`qnglk ~`

Yq`o}}`q Ec}}`$ G}dchgm ohglg}~}

m`l~oln ~ec~ hclw ` ~eo hg}`kwlg}~

`q }og}~ }~c~ohol~} cln yqcm~gmo} `

hol n` l`~ ecvo qodgkg`u} ju}~gmc(

~g`l$ ovol {eol }ume ju}~gmc~g`l g}

mdcghon, eo Hu}dgh qodgkg`l g} }ool c}

`lo ~ec~ `oq} ~eo}o {`hol qodgkg`u}

osucdg~w$ ~ec~ oq} ~eoh qoon`h} cln

glngvgnucdg}h c} gl }omudcq ohglg}h2

au~ aomcu}o g~ g} q``~on gl ~eo G}dchgm

cg~e$ g~ cd}` `mu}o} `l c {`hcl} c(

hgdgcd q`do$ `l eoq qodgkg`u} q`do$ cln

`l eoq qodc~g`l}egy ~` hol, ^eo G}dchgm

ohglg}~ gl l`~ c vgm~gh2 }eo ke~} `q

eoq qgke~} cd`lk}gno ~eo hol gl jgecn,

]eo n`o} l`~ ~`doqc~o }ua`qnglc~g`l$

ovol g }eo g} vogdon, Gl cm~$ cmm`qnglk

~` Yq`o}}`q Fcn{c od Kuglng ` Sc~cq

_lgvoq}g~w$ Olm`non gl ~eo nqo}} }~wdo

g} cl cqhc~g`l ` cl G}dchgm gnol~g~w

cln h`qcdg~w cln c qojom~g`l ` [o}~oql

hc~oqgcdg}h$ m`l}uhoqg}h$ m`hhoq(

mgcdg}h$ cln vcduo}, G~ g} ~eg} }~qcgl `

ohglg}h$ cd`lk}gno }omudcq ohglg}h$

~ec~ ec} aool qoglvgk`qc~on aw ~eo Cqca

]yqglk,

Gl eoq dom~uqo c~ Nubo _lgvoq}g~w `l

]oy~ohaoq 1;$ 1931$ Nq, Zcbgc ]cdgho$

Yq`o}}`q ` ]`mg`d`kw c~ Qu~koq}$ oh(

yec}gzon ~eo ghy`q~clmo ` ~eo Cqca

]yqglk c} c no}oucdgzon yuadgm `quh,

G~ {c} cl cqolc {eoqo hol cln {`h(

ol mcho ~`ko~eoq gl ulyqomonol~on

{cw}$ {eoqo ~eo ohglglo a`nw$ {g~e

g~} m`ll`~c~g`l} ` }oucdg~w cln }uk(

ko}~gvolo}}$ ng}cyyocqon gl cv`q `

c ulg~on$ nokolnoqon v`gmo, Gq`lgmcddw

ol`uke$ {g~e ~eo m`ddcy}o ` ~eo ngm~c(

~`q} mcho qovg~cdgzon c~~ohy~} ~` aqglk

~eo ohglglo a`nw acmb gl~` ~eo lc~g`l(

cd ngcd`kuo2 Cqca hol l`{ c~~ohy~on

~` c}}oq~ ~eogq lo{`uln hc}mudglg~w,

Vgqkglg~w ~o}~} `dd`{on gl Okwy~$ ~eo

k`voqlhol~ c~~ohy~glk ~` yq`yckcl(

ngzo ~eo {`hol ~ec~ yq`~o}~on gl ^ce(

qgq ]sucqo c} ghh`qcd gl cl c~~ohy~ ~`

qo}~cagdgzo ~eo yc~qgcqmecd qnoq, Au~ ~eo

Cqca ]yqglk$ dgbo `~eoq qov`du~g`l}$ ec}

kgvol G}dchgm ohglg}~} lo{ qo}`dvo$

ke~glk$ cd`lk}gno {g~e hol$ `q {ec~

Nq, Ec}}` mcdd} c qclko ` qoon`h}

cln ngklg~go} ~ec~ glmduno a`ngdw cln

y}wmegm gl~okqg~w,

^eo {`hol ` ~eo Hgnndo Oc}~ n`

l`~ loon }cvglk, Fcn{c Dcq`ug$ {e`

}o~ eoq}od `l qo `l Foaqucqw 31$ 1933

gl H`q`mm`$ n`o} l`~ loon }cvglk, ]eo

{c} yq`~o}~glk c H`q`mmcl dc{ ~ec~

{`udn l`~ kgvo eoq cmmo}} ~` }~c~o(uln(

on e`u}glk aomcu}o }eo {c} c }glkdo

h`~eoq, ]eo aomcho ~eo q}~ {`hcl

~` yq`~o}~ gl ~eg} hclloq coq ~eo }od(

ghh`dc~g`l ` ^ulg}gcl }~qoo~ voln`q

H`echon A`uczgzg$ cl cm~ ~ec~ }ycqbon

~eo Jc}hglo Qov`du~g`l, ^eo}o {`hol

yq`~o}~glk `l ~eo }~qoo~} `q ~eogq qgke~}

ecvo nqc{l c ngqom~ ycqcddod ao~{ool

~eogq }~qukkdo ckcgl}~ ~eo `yyqo}}g`l

gleoqol~ gl c yc~qgcqmecd }`mgo~w ~` ~eo

}~qukkdo ` ~eo Cqca ]yqglk ckcgl}~ ~eo

`yyqo}}g`l ` m`qquy~ qokgho} cln ngm(

~c~`q}egy},

YE@^@FQ@H

FDGMBQ

7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue

14/22

3> L@VOHAOQ1931

Aw nongmc~glk g~}od ~` yuqkglk ulg(voq}g~go} ` ol~qoyqolouqgcd yq`(kqch}$ l`l({o}~oql mgvgdgzc~g`l }~un(

go}$ cln cdd `qh} ` mqoc~gvo ~eglbglk$

~eo J`el [gddgch Y`yo Mol~oq g} ~cbglk

c aqcvo }~cln ~` qgn egkeoq onumc~g`l `

~eo adc}yeoh`u} dgaoqcd gln`m~qglc~g`l

~ec~ ec} aom`ho }` yoqvc}gvo `l L`q~e

Mcq`dglc} m`ddoko mchyu}o},

Qom`klgzglk ~ec~ ~eo ~quo yc~e ~`cmcnohgm cmegovohol~ dgo} gl hcghgz(

glk om`l`hgm yq`}yoqg~w qc~eoq ~ecl

gl ~qgvgcd ~eglk} dgbo novod`yglk h`qcd

`qmo ` mecqcm~oq$ e`lglk docnoq}egy

}bgdd}$ `q yuq}uglk cmcnohgm omoddolmo$

~eo Y`yo Mol~oq g} ~cbglk c }~cln ~`

}~qochdglo ulgvoq}g~w muqqgmuduh} cln

qo}muo }~unol~} q`h fu cln m`~(

~`l mclnw(dgbo m`uq}o} ~ec~ ncqo ~` o(

yd`qo }ume ~eglk} c} gl~oqlc~g`lcd mg~g(

zol}egy$ y`}~h`noqlg}h$ cln {`hol}}~ungo},

^eo Y`yo Mol~oq {`qb} ~gqodo}}dw ~`

nooln ~eo hg}}g`l ` ~eo yuadgm ulg(

voq}g~w: ~` yq`vgno c egke(sucdg~w onumc(

~g`l ~` ~e`}o {e` mcl c`qn g~, eo Mol(

~oq ec} yq`vol g~}od ckcgl cln ckcgl

c} c mechyg`l ` ol}uqglk cmmo}} ~`

egkeoq onumc~g`l `q sucdgon }~unol~}

{e`}o ycqol~} mcl m`h`q~cadw ycw ~u(

g~g`l,

Gl cnng~g`l ~` yq`vgnglk glvcducado

qofom~g`l cln }ukko}~g`l} `q m`l~gl(

uon cmegovohol~$ Y`yo Mol~oq m`l(

~qgau~`q} }ume c} Jollc C}edow Q`agl(

}`l ng}~qgau~o u}oud hc~oqgcd} `q egke

}me``d }~unol~} m`l}gnoqglk m`ddoko,

]eo uqko} }~unol~} ~` m`l}gnoq ~eogqno}gqon u~uqo

mcqooq cln c}b}

~eoh ~` m`l}gnoq

~eo suo}~g`l$ G

egke }me``d {c}

a`qglk$ {gdd G qo(

cddw olj`w c no}b

j`a %~eo dgbodw qo(

}ud~ ` c `uq(wocq

onumc~g`l'0 ^eo

Y`yo Mol~oq g}dumbw ~` ecvo H},

Q`agl}`l2 {g~e(

`u~ eoq$ }~unol~} hgke~ ao ~ohy~on

~` cyydw ~` m`ddoko aomcu}o ~eow ln

`u~ ~ec~ ~eo hongcl glm`ho ` m`ddoko

kqcnuc~o} {`qbglk udd ~gho gl 1995

{c} .13$799 h`qo ~ecl ~e`}o {e` ju}~

ocqlon c egke }me``d ngyd`hc,

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nol~} {e` aqoozo ~eq`uke ~eogq ]C^}$

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glmduno mdc}}gm} dgbo Echdo~2 ch`lk

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m`ddoko g} qgke~ `q ~eoh$ H}, Q`agl}`l

eody} }~unol~} me``}o ~eo qgke~ }me``d,

G m`}~ g} c cm~`q$ }eo {qg~o}$ m`l(

}gnoq m`hhulg~w m`ddoko, C~ ~eg} y`gl~$egke }me``d }~u(

nol~} {gdd ao

}glkglk H}, Q`a(

gl}`l} yqcg}o}

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~eo o{ hglu~o}

g~ ~cbo} ~` cyydw

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hclw onoqcd$

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kqch} ~ec~ eody}hcbo m`ddoko cm(

mo}}gado `q cdd,

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cnvgmo$ H}, Q`agl}`l glmduno} }`ho

vcducado qo}`uqmo} ~` eody }~unol~}

ln ~eo }me``d ~ec~} qgke~ `q ~eoh,

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^EOJ@EL [GDDGCHY@YO MOL^OQ

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]~c~o}(ju}~ dgbo Q`lcdn

Qockcl ngn,

(Yewddg} ]medcfw

H@DDW EQ_NBC

7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue

15/22

L@VOHAOQ1931 3?

]`{odd} Me``}glk M`ddoko: C Kugno `q

Ycqol~} cln ]~unol~}$ {egme qgke~dw

ng}hg}}o} ovoqw~eglk omoy~ eg}~`qw$

om`l`hgm}$ `q }mgolmo c} ju}~ c }h`q(

kc}a`qn m`uq}o},

^eo }om`ln qo}`uqmo ~ec~ H}, Q`a(

gl}`l cyyq`vo} g} ^eo Gl~oqm`ddokgc~o

]~ungo} Gl}~g~u~o} Cdd(Choqgmcl M`d(

doko}: ^`y ]me``d} `q M`l}oqvc~gvo}$@dn(Fc}eg`lon Dgaoqcd}$ cln Yo`ydo `

Fcg~e, ^eg} g} c cl~c}~gm qocn ~ec~ ovoqw

}olg`q gl egke }me``d }e`udn ~cbo cn(

vcl~cko `, G~ glmduno} gl`qhc~gvo qo(

vgo{} ` ulgvoq}g~go} ~ec~ mud~gvc~o ~quo

m`l}oqvc~gvo vcduo}, [eoqo od}o m`udn

w`u ln }ume gl}gnoq gl`qhc~g`l dgbo

~ec~ gl Cuauql _lgvoq}g~w} qovgo{, ^eo

}me``d g} gl }`ho {cw} c ~eq`{acmb ~`

cl ocqdgoq Choqgmc: ``~acdd g} bglk$ ~eo

Kqoob} qudo ~eo }`mgcd }molo$ cln y`dg~g(mcd cm~gvg}h g} lo~ ~` lgd,

Egke }me``d }~unol~} cln ~eogq ycq(

ol~} cqol~ ~eo `ldw `lo} ~` qom`klgzo

~eo kolgu} ` Cdd(Choqgmcl M`ddoko}2

~eo mqg~gm} mcl~ }~`y qcvglk ca`u~ g~,

Yewddg} ]medcfw$ lc~g`lcddw }wlngmc~on

m`duhlg}~ cln `ulnoq ` Ockdo F`quh$

{qg~o}$ G w`u kqcnuc~o q`h `lo `

~eo}o do}}oq(bl`{l }me``d}$ w`u hgke~

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]~c~o}(ju}~ dgbo Q`lcdn Qockcl ngn,^cdb ca`u~ gl}ygqc~g`l,

^eo Lo{ @`qn Qovgo{ ome`o} H},

]medcfw} }ol~ghol~, ^`` hclw m`ddoko

kugnoa``b} ecvo d`}~ ~eogq o}~ooh `q

~quo dgaoqcd cq~} onumc~g`l$ cv`qglk gl(

}~ocn c}eg`lcado cln ~qolnw }me``d}

~ec~ yqocme ~eo lo{clkdon n`khc} `

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{`udn ao d`}~ {g~e`u~ ~eg} qo}`uqmo,

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`n},

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dgke~, ^eg} {c} yqghcqgdw nuo ~` ~eo

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c mcyoddc kq`uy

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doko} cln uln(

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cln ~` qov`bo

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c Meqg}~gcl qc~oqlg~w `q `ldw cdd`{(glk Meqg}~gcl hohaoq}, G~ g} ghy`q~cl~

`q }~unol~} ~` bl`{ ~ec~ ~eow ecvo

c qgoln gl FGQO {eol g~ m`ho} ~` no(

olnglk qodgkg`u} dgaoq~w$ c} d`lk c}

qodgkg`u} dgaoq~w hocl} aoglk cado ~`

omduno {e`hovoq w`u {cl~ q`h w`uq

}me``d(}uyy`q~on `qkclgzc~g`l ac}on

`l ~eogq aodgo},

Gl cnng~g`l ~` ~eo od`suol~ cln `a(

jom~gvo H}, Q`agl}`l$ ~eo Y`yo Mol~oq

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cln Oc}~ Mcq`dglc

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`lo ` ~eo}o,

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ao qohg}} {g~e(

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g~w g} ~eo `ldw {cw ~` olm`uqcko }~u(nol~} ~` `qh cln qo`qh ~eogq `{l

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lgm }~ungo} mol~oq} cln yq`kqch}$ cln

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ao glmdunon gl c egkeoq onumc~g`l muq(

qgmuduh aomcu}o g~ hgke~ olm`uqcko

~eo `qhc~g`l ` lo{ cln gll`vc~gvo

gnoc},

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yu~ `l ulgvoq}g~w ccgq}$ G ch m`lnol~~ec~ ~eg} }~c~o} egkeoq onumc~g`l }w}(~oh {gdd qohcgl ngvoq}o$ `yglg`lc~on$

cln cmmo}}gado ~` cdd,

[egdo ~eoqo hcw ao

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gl ~eo }mgolmo} cln

~omelgmcd odn}$ ~eoqo}ocqme n`lo gl ~eo

euhclg~go} cln }`mgcd

}mgolmo} n`o} l`~ {cq(

qcl~ }ume c dgke~ ~ocme(

glk d`cn,

(Jcw ]mecdgl

7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue

16/22

36 L@VOHAOQ1931

G ~eo ovclkodgmcd Meqg}~gcl v`~oq

ac}o }ooh} c ag~ `l onko ~eg} wocq$

g~} l`~ {g~e`u~ qoc}`l, [o cdd bl`{

~ec~ ~wygmcd ovclkodgmcd v`~oq: yq`(dgo$

yq`(noc~e yolcd~w$ cl~g(e`h`}oucdg(~w$ cl~g(ov`du~g`l$ cln o}yomgcddw cl~g(

@achc, Au~ ~ec~ dc}~ `lo }e`udnl~

m`ho c} c kqoc~ }uqyqg}o }glmo @achc

ec} dg~~do ~` l` `voqdcy ` `yglg`l}

{g~e }ume v`~oq} c kq`uy ~ec~ m`l(

}g}~ol~dw v`~o} `q ~eo h`}~ m`l}oqvc(

~gvo mclngnc~o

cvcgdcado,

]` {eoqo n`o}

~ec~ docvo ~eoh gl

~eo 1931 odom~g`l0C~oq cdd$ Acqcmb

@achc g} vgo{on

c} og~eoq cl c~eo(

g}~ `q c Hu}dgh %`q

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cln aoqgolnglk ~eo ul~`umecado},

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`ldw ~eoqo {oqo Meqg}~gcl v`~oq} {e`

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~ocmeglk}#

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c euko noh`kqcyegm$ g~ ~uql} `u~$

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Jo}u} mcho acmb

cln ol~oqon ~eo

1931 odom~g`l$ eg}

h`}~ ~qcng~g`lcd

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}eu~ egh n`{l0

^EO H@NOQL

OVCLKODGMCD

V@^OQMCQOW ECLDGL C Hcl [g~e`u~ C M`ul~qw0

7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue

17/22

L@VOHAOQ1931 3;

Q`wcd Nu~me Yo~q`douh

JOLL L@[GMBG

C~ ~eo mol~oq ` Bg`aod v, Q`wcd Nu~meYo~q`douh g} ~eo Cdgol ^`q~ ]~c~u~o%C^]'$ c dc{ yc}}on gl 3;57$ {egme ul~gd

l`{ ec} aool gl~oqyqo~on ~` cdd`{ gl(

~oqlc~g`lcd euhcl qgke~} cau}o mc}o}

~` ao aq`uke~ ao`qo Choqgmcl m`uq~},

^eo mc}o }~oh} q`h c mgvgd }ug~ aq`uke~

aw O}~eoq Bg`aod$ {e`}o eu}acln {c}

bgddon cd`lk {g~e odovol `~eoq} aw ~eo

Lgkoqgcl k`voqlhol~$ yuqy`q~ondw~` suodd yq`~o}~} ckcgl}~ novod`yglk

dcln `q `gd yq`num~g`l yuqy`}o}, ^eo

suo}~g`l muqqol~dw ao`qo ~eo ]uyqoho

M`uq~ g} {eo~eoq _] m`uq~} {gdd m`l(

~gluo ~` ecvo c q`do gl e`dnglk `qogkl

qgke~} cau}oq} cmm`ul~cado `q ~eogq cm(

~g`l}$ cln {eo~eoq ~eo C^] }e`udn ao

muq~cgdon gl }m`yo `q ovol odghglc~on,

Bg`aod g} ycq~gmudcqdw ghy`q~cl~ `q

vgm~gh} ` euhcl qgke~} cau}o}$ c} c

nomg}g`l ckcgl}~ ~eo ydcgl~g} m`udn o(

ohy~ m`qy`qc~g`l} q`h gl~oqlc~g`lcd

dc{ vg`dc~g`l}$ cln ~eogq lclmo} q`h

aoglk u}on `q qo}~g~u~g`l, E`dnglk m`q(

y`qc~g`l} cmm`ul~cado {`udn mqoc~o c

hume dcqkoq y``d ` h`low cvcgdcado

`q m`hyol}c~g`l ~ecl g glngvgnucd}

{oqo ~cqko~on$ cln {`udn hcbo yq`(

~om~glk euhcl qgke~} caq`cn c m`hyod(

dglk gl~oqo}~ ` `qkclgzc~g`l}, Hclw `

~eo chgmu} aqgo} don gl cv`q ` ~eo

Q`wcd Nu~me Yo~q`douh m`hyclw cqo

q`h dcqko m`qy`(

qc~g`l}$ glmdunglk

M`mc(M`dc cln AY

Choqgmc,

^eo dclkucko

` ~eo Cdgol ^`q~]~c~u~o }ooh} ~` ghydw ~ec~ vg`dc~`q}

` gl~oqlc~g`lcd dc{ mcl ao ~qgon cln

aq`uke~ ao`qo c _] m`uq~ aw cdgol},

Au~ _LM dc{ yq`o}}`q Hcqb [og}(

auqn$ cl oyoq~ gl gl~oqlc~g`lcd dc{$

oydcglon ~ec~ no~oqhglglk ~eo gl~ol~

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uddw ulmdocq,

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cqkuo acmb cln `q~e ca`u~ {ec~ R~eo

C^]X hocl~, G ecvo }yomudc~on ~ec~ ~eo

gnoc {c} ~` hcbo g~ oc}goq `q cdgol} ~`

aqglk ~`q~ }ug~},

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qodc~gvodw n`qhcl~$ {g~e o{ dc{}ug~}

glv`bglk g~} u}o gl m`uq~$ cln ovol

~eol ~eo }ug~ glv`dvon ~eo _lg~on

]~c~o} gl }`ho {cw, ^ec~ meclkon gl

3759 {g~e Fgdcq~gkc v, Yolc(Gqcdc$ {eol

c Ycqckucwcl lc~g`lcd {c} }uon aw

~{` ~eoq Ycqckucwcl mg~gzol} `q c eu(

hcl qgke~} mqgho ~ec~ ecyyolon `u~(

}gno ` ~eo _lg~on

]~c~o}, ^eo _]

]om`ln M`uq~ `

Cyyocd} nomdcqon

gl ~eo `yolglk

` ~eogq hcj`qg~w`yglg`l: R[Xo e`dn ~ec~ nodgaoqc~o ~`q(

~uqo yoqyo~qc~on ulnoq m`d`q ` `mgcd

cu~e`qg~w vg`dc~o} ulgvoq}cddw cmmoy~on

l`qh} ` ~eo gl~oqlc~g`lcd dc{ ` eu(

hcl qgke~}$ qokcqndo}} ` ~eo lc~g`lcd(

g~w ` ~eo ycq~go},

^eg} nomg}g`l hcno g~ y`}}gado `q `q(

ogkl lc~g`lcd} ~` aqglk c mc}o ~` Choq(

gmcl m`uq~} gl `qnoq ~` cnnqo}} yc}~

euhcl qgke~} cau}o} gl ~eogq e`ho

m`ul~qgo}, Au~ ao~{ool 3759 cln 1933$

~eo gnol~g~w ` ~eo cmmu}on kqcnucddw

meclkon, Glg~gcddw$ ~eo noolncl~} {oqo

`qogkl k`voqlhol~ `mgcd} {e` ecn

m`hhg~~on okqokg`u} euhcl qgke~}

cau}o},

Coq c {egdo$ yo`ydo mcho uy {g~e

~eo gnoc ` cmmu}glk m`qy`qc~g`l} `

[gdd ~eo ]uyqoho M`uq~ m`l~gluo ~` e`dn m`qy`qc~g`l} cmm`ul~cado f`qgl~oqlc~g`lcd euhcl qgke~} cau}o0

Bg`aod v,

^eg} g} c~~qcm~gvo ao(

mcu}o m`qy`qc~g`l}

ecvo h`low,

Euhcl Qgke~}

7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue

18/22

35 L@VOHAOQ1931

ecvglk cgnon cln cao~~on$ [og}auqn

}cgn, ^eg} g} c~~qcm~gvo aomcu}o m`qy`(

qc~g`l} ecvo h`low,

^eo Fgdcq~gkc mc}o }o~ ` c {cvo `

dc{}ug~} `q ~eo lo~ ~eqoo nomcno}$

{g~e `qogkl lc~g`lcd} q`u~glodw aqglk(glk }ug~} ckcgl}~ `~eoq cdgol} `q m`qy`(

qc~g`l} `q mqgho}

m`hhg~~on `u~(

}gno ` ~eo _lg~on

]~c~o} a`qnoq},

Euko }uh} {oqo

koloqcddw c{cqnon

~` ~eo ydcgl~g}$

hcbglk ~eo u}o `

~eo Choqgmcl m`uq~

}w}~oh o~qohodw

y`yudcq {g~e y`(

~ol~gcd m`hydcglcl~},

Choqgmcl juqgo} cqo bl`{l ~eq`uke(

`u~ ~eo {`qdn `q ~eo }gzo ` ~eo nch(

cko c{cqn} ~eow kgvo$ [og}auqn }cgn,

Ovol g cl`~eoq m`uq~ {`udn eocq ~eo

mc}o$ w`u hgke~ ko~ c hume dcqkoq

nchcko c{cqn eoqo,

^eo Bg`aod mc}o aokcl gl 377>$ {eol

Lgkoqgcl @k`lg docnoq Nq, Acqgloh

Bg`aod cln odovol `~eoq hol {oqo

no~cglon aw ~eo Lgkoqgcl k`voqlhol~

cln eodn gl hgdg~cqw mu}~`nw `l }yo(mg`u} mecqko}$ glmdunglk huqnoq, ^eow

{oqo ~eol ~qgon

ao`qo c hgdg~cqw

~qgaulcd bl`{l

`q vg`dc~glk gl~oq(

lc~g`lcd cgq ~qgcd

}~clncqn}$ {egme

{c} yq`~o}~on aw

vcqg`u} euhcl

qgke~} `qkclgzc(

~g`l} `q dcmb `

nuo yq`mo}} cln

~eo `voqcdd a`ku} lc~uqo ` ~eo `qgkg(

lcd mecqko}, Ju}~ ~ol ncw} dc~oq$ ~eo

~{odvo hol {oqo `uln kugd~w cln gh(

hongc~odw oomu~on,

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dgo} ` ~eo `~eoq hol {e` {oqo bgddon$

ecvo cmmu}on ~eo Lgkoqgcl k`voql(

hol~ ` yuq}uglk }yuqg`u} mecqko}

ckcgl}~ ~eo hol nuo ~` ~eogq ycq~gmgyc(

~g`l gl yq`~o}~} ckcgl}~ ~eo ydcllon

novod`yhol~ ` d`mcd dcln `q `gd cl

o~qohodw dumqc~gvo yq`}yom~ `q ~eok`voqlhol~, ^eow cd}` glngm~on Q`wcd

Nu~me Yo~q`douh$ ~eo m`hyclw ~ec~

~eo k`voqlhol~ m`l~qcm~on `q ~eo `gd

yq`num~g`l$ ` m`l}ygqglk ckcgl}~ ~eo

yq`~o}~oq} ~` ~eo y`gl~ ` aqgaglk {g~(

lo}}o} c~ ~eo hol} ~qgcd} ~` ~o}~gw gl

~eo k`voqlhol~} cv`q,

^eo mc}o {c} `qgkglcddw don gl 1991$

cln hcno g~} {cw ~eq`uke ~eo Choqg(

mcl m`uq~ }w}~oh `q lglo wocq}$ mudhg(

lc~glk gl c nomg}g`l aw ~eo 1ln Mgqmug~

M`uq~ ` Cyyocd} gl 1939 ~ec~ m`qy`qc(

~g`l} m`udn l`~ ao eodn dgcado `q eu(

hcl qgke~} cau}o mc}o} ulnoq ~eo C^],

^eo Bg`aod ydcgl~g} cyyocdon$ cln ~eo

]uyqoho M`uq~ ckqoon ~` eocq cqku(

hol~} gl @m~`aoq 1933,

^eo suo}~g`l }ooh} }gddw ~` cl

Choqgmcl juqgo} cqo

bl`{l ~eq`uke`u~

~eo {`qdn `q ~eo

}gzo ` ~eo nchcko

c{cqn} ~eow kgvo,

(Hcqb [og}auqn

7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue

19/22

L@VOHAOQ1931 37

Choqgmcl aomcu}o {oqo u}on ~` ~eglb(

glk ~ec~ m`qy`qc~g`l} ecvo ~eo }cho

qgke~} cln dgcagdg~go} ~ec~ yo`ydo n`$

[og}auqn }cgn, Au~ ~eo `ldw ecd{cw

clcd`k`u} mc}o}

cqo ~eo Luqoh(

aoqk ~qgcd}$ cln g~

{c} yqo~~w {odd

cmmoy~on ~ec~ m`q(y`qc~g`l} Rhclu(

cm~uqoq} ` Zwb(

d`l AX m`udn l`~

ao mqghglcddw dgc(

ado c~ Luqohaoqk2

~eow {ol~ coq

~eo glngvgnucd} `q

nchcko},

_l~gd ~eo Bg`(

aod mc}o$ ~eo ]u(

yqoho M`uq~} `ldw nomg}g`l qokcqnglk~eo Cdgol ^`q~ ]~c~u~o `mmuqqon gl ~eo

]`}c v, Cdvcqoz(Hcmecgl %199>' mc}o$

{egme glv`dvon c Hogmcl lc~g`lcd

{e` }uon ~eo _] `q cl uldc{ud cq(

qo}~ {egdo eo {c} gl Hogm`, ^eo m`uq~

qojom~on eg} mdcgh$ }cwglk ~ec~ ]`}c

ngn l`~ hoo~ ~eo }~clncqn ` euhcl

qgke~} cau}o ulnoq ~eo C^], ^eo m`uq~

dghg~on ~eo }m`yo ` mc}o} ~ec~ m`udn

yq`moon$ c}}oq~glk ~ec~ ~`q~} ecn ~` ao

}yomgm$ ulgvoq}cd$ cln adgkc~`qw$ g,o,ecvo yqcm~gmcd m`l}osuolmo} `q ~eo

ydcgl~g}, ^e`uke ]`}c ngn l`~ ecvo

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ulnoq ~eo C^]$ ~eo M`uq~ ghydgon ~ec~

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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue

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19 L@VOHAOQ1931

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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue

21/22

L@VOHAOQ1931 13

~gm cln ~omel`d`kgmcd au~ cd}` y`dg~g(

mcd cln om`l`hgm a}~cmdo},

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,,,`lo g}}uo m`l~glu(

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hongc} c~~ol~g`l:

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7/31/2019 Fall Online Issue

22/22

Yuadg}eon {g~e }uyy`q~ fq`h:

Mchyu} Yq`kqo}}$ c ngvg}g`l `f ~eo Mol~oq f`q Choqgmcl Yq`kqo}},

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Docql h`qo c~ Mchyu}Yq`kqo}},`qk

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