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INGLÉSTÉCNICOPARAGRADOSUPERIOR 2
THEENGLISHLANGUAGE
English is the third most widespread native language in the world, after
StandardChineseandSpanish,andthefirstlearnedsecondlanguage.
EnglishistheofficiallanguageintheUnitedKingdom,Ireland,theUnited
States,Canada,Australia,NewZealand,Nigeria,SouthAfrica,India,Pakistan
and it is spoken in some areas of the Caribbean as Jamaica, the Bahamas or
Belize.
INGLÉSTÉCNICOPARAGRADOSUPERIOR 3
1.Daysoftheweek
Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,SaturdayandSunday.
Allincapitalletters.
Example:Todayit’sMonday.
2.Monthsoftheyear
January,February,March,April, June, July,August,September,October,November
andDecember.
Allincapitalletters.
Example:What isyour favoritemonthof theyear?Mine it isApril. I love thecity in
thattimeoftheyear!
3.Seasons
Spring,summer,autumnandwinter.(inlowercases)
4.Countries,nationalitiesandlanguages
Theword'Nationality'isnotoftenusedinspokenEnglish.Itisaformalandofficial
wordanditappearsmorefrequentlyinwrittenEnglish.
Wealmostneversay:Whatisyournationality?
Weusuallysay:Whereareyoufrom?ORWheredoyoucomefrom?
INGLÉSTÉCNICOPARAGRADOSUPERIOR 4
TotellsomeoneyournationalityyouDON'Tsay:MynationalityisSpanish.Yousay:
I'mSpanish.
Remember:
ToBe+from+country:IamfromMexico
ToBe+Nationality:IamMexican
Adjectivesreferringtocountriesandlanguages
- With–ish: British/Irish/Danish/Turkish/Spanish…
- With-(i)an:Canadian/Brazilian/American/Russian/Australian…
- With–ese: Japanese/Chinese/Taiwanese…
- With–i: Israeli/Iraqi/Kuwaiti/Pakistani/Yemeni/Bangladeshi
- With–ic: Icelandic/Arabic…
4.1 Famousnames.Canyounameafamous…Example:Argentiniansportsmanorwoman?DiegoMaradona
a. Chinesepolitician?
b. BlackSouthernAfricanpoliticalfigure?
c. Polishpersonwhobecameaworldreligiousleader?
d. Italianoperasinger?
e. Irishrock–musicgroup?
4.2Worldquiz
a. WhatarethemainethnicgroupsinMalaysia?
b. Whichcountries,strictlyspeaking,areinScandinavia?
c. Whatarethefivecountrieswiththehighestpopulation?
d. Howmanylanguagesarethereintheworld?
e. WhereisKiribati?
f. WheredopeoplespeakInuit?
INGLÉSTÉCNICOPARAGRADOSUPERIOR 6
THENATIONALHEALTHSERVICE
The National Health Service responsible for health care for everyone is
managed separately in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales but it
remains similar in themost respects and belongs to a single, unified system. The
vastmajorityofNHSservicesarefree;peoplegenerallydonotpayanything.
The National Health Service can offer visits to doctors, nursing services,
surgicalproceduresorappliances;consumablessuchasmedicationsandbandages,
plasters, medical tests, and investigations, x-rays, CT or MRI scans etc. Hospital
inpatientandoutpatientservicesarefree,bothmedicalandmentalhealthservices.
Ontheotherhand,healthcarein
theUnitedStates isprovidedbymany
separate legal entities (but it is not
called the NHS). Health care facilities
arelargelyownedandoperatedbythe
private sector. The USA is the `only
wealthy, industrializednationthatdoesnotensurethatallcitizenshavecoverage’
THEUNITEDKINGDOM
INGLÉSTÉCNICOPARAGRADOSUPERIOR 7
(some kind of private or public health insurance). Doctors and hospitals are
generally funded by payments from patients and insurance plans in return for
services rendered. Government programsprovide public health care to 27.8%of
citizensandaround94.7%ofcitizenshavesomeformofhealthinsurance.
1.Answerthefollowingquestions:
a)WhatistheNationalHealthService?
b)IstheNHSdifferentinEngland,NorthernIreland,ScotlandandWales?
c)IsHealthcareintheUnitedStatesprovidedbygovernmentprograms?
d)WhattypeofservicescanTheNationalHealthServiceprovide?
e)HowaredoctorsandhospitalsgenerallyfundedintheUSA?
2.Canyouexplainthedifferencebetweeninpatientandoutpatient?
HEALTHPROFESSIONALS
TherearealargenumberorpeoplewhoworkintheNationalHealthService.
First of all, there aredoctors ormedical practitioners, as they are also known.
Doctors start as medical students undertaking a five-year course of study. After
finishing their studies, and to complete their course, theyhave tomakeamedical
apprenticeshiporinternshipinahospitalorunderdiversequalifieddoctors.These
juniordoctors are assessedandexaminedduring their training.When theyhave
finished,and inorder towork inside theNHSor inprivatepractice, theymustbe
practitioner(GP)register.Theyarenowseniordoctors.Ageneralpractitionerora
familydoctor,alsocalledclinician,treatspatientsandprovidesthemprimarycare.
INGLÉSTÉCNICOPARAGRADOSUPERIOR 8
When they are qualified (they have a university degree in medicine) they can
specialize and become experts in several fields of medicine, so they would be
specialistdoctors.
There are a lot of specialties, but the twomain branches are surgery and
internalmedicine, practiced by surgeons and physicians respectively. Then, there
are nurses who work in a variety of setting in hospitals, health centers, nursing
homesandinthepatients’ownhomes.
1.Answerthefollowingquestions:
a)HowaredoctorsknowninBritain?
b)Whatdoesageneralpractitionerdo?
c)Whoisaspecialistdoctor?
d)WhatdoyouneedtoworkintheNHS?
e)Doyouneedtoberegisteredifyouwanttoprovideprivatecare?
f)Whatarethetwomainbranchesinmedicine?
g)Whatisthedifferencebetweenjuniorandseniordoctors?
h)Wherecannurseswork?
INGLÉSTÉCNICOPARAGRADOSUPERIOR 9
2.Matchthejobs(1-10)withthecorrespondingdefinitions(A-J).
1.Medicalstudents
2.Ajuniordoctor
3.Seniordoctors
4.Generalpractitioners
5.Amidwife
6.Districtnurse
7.Ahealthvisitor
8.Nursepractitioners
9.Therapists
10.Nursemanagers
A. are medical doctors who have responsibility for the management of patients’
healthcare,includingthediagnosisandtreatmentwherenecessary.
B.arestillstudyingandarenotqualifiedyet.
C.carryoutcareatandadvancedpracticelevel.
D. manage care within the community, leading teams, community nurses and
supportworkers,visitinghouse-boundpatientstoprovideadviceandcare.
E.givesadviceonthepromotionofhealthandthepreventionofillness.
F.isadoctorintraining,usuallyinhospitaloringeneralpractice.
G.havealreadyfinishedtheirtraining.
H.helppeopletoovercomephysical,psychologicalorsocialproblemsarisingfrom
illnessordisability,byconcentratingonwhattheyareabletoachieve,ratherthan
ontheirdisabilities.
I. are responsible for an entire department (i.e. Surgical, Medical Diagnostic &
Imagingetc.)oratleastmorethanoneward.
J.isanursewhoistrainedtoassistwomeninchildbirth.
INGLÉSTÉCNICOPARAGRADOSUPERIOR 10
3.Matchthejobs(1-12)withthecorrespondingword/s(a-l).
1.Orthopedist a.skin
2.Obstetrician b.infants
3.Pediatrician c.eyes
4.Paramedic d.heart
5.Oncologist e.blood
6.Gynecologist f.skeletalsystem
7.Cardiologist g.medicalemergencies
8.Psychiatrist h.pregnancy,childbirth
9.Ophthalmologist i.femalereproductiveorgans
10.Neurologist j.mentaloremotionaldisturbances
11.Hematologist k.cancer
12.Dermatologist l.nervoussystem
4.Matchthewordsinbothcolumns.
1.Psychiatry a.studyofthebrain
2.Geriatrics b.studyofcancer
3.Orthopedics c.studyoftreatmentofboneproblems
4.Orthodontics d.studyofhormones
5.Neurology e.studyofradioactivematerials
6.Radiology f.studyofthebody’smovements
7.Pharmacy g.studyofbehavior
8.Oncology h.studyofmedicine
9.Gynecology i.studyofstraighteningofteeth
10.Podiatry j.studyofthefemalereproductivesystem
11.Endocrinology k.studyofmedicalproblemsoftheelderly
12.Physicaltherapy l.studyofthefoot
INGLÉSTÉCNICOPARAGRADOSUPERIOR 11
5.Findpairsofjobtitlesandtheircorrespondingjobdescriptions.
1.PORTER A.Istudyandtreattheskinanditsdiseases
2.CARDIOLOGIST B.Igiveexercise,massage,heattreatment,infrared
lampsorotherexternalmeans,torestorestrengthor
functionafteradiseaseorinjury.
3.ALLERGIST C.Istudythemindanditsmentalprocesses.
4.AUDIOLOGIST D.IdeterminefoodandenvironmentalallergiesandI
treatthem.
5.DENTIST E.Ispecializeinthetreatmentofdiseasesofwomen.
6.DERMATOLOGIST F.Itreatthediseasesofchildren.
7.GERIATRICIAN G.Idiagnoseandtreathearingdisorders.
8.GYNEOCOLOGIST H.Ihelpwomengivebirthtoachild,oftenathome.
9.PHYSIOTHERAPIST I.Ispecializeintumors,includingcancer.
10.PAEDIATRICIAN J.Imoveequipmentaroundthehospital.
11.MIDWIFE K.Imakelensesandfitglasses,butcannottestpatient’s
eyesight.
12.NEUROLOGIST L.Ilookafterteethandgums.
13.ONCOLOGIST M.Istudythediseasesandthechangesinthebody
causedbydisease.Ialsoexaminedeadbodies.
14.OPTICIAN N.Ispecializeinillnessesoftheheart.
15.ORTHODONTIST O.Itakecareofthefootanditsdiseases.
16.PATHOLOGIST P.Itreatandstudythediseasesofoldpeople.
17.PODIATRIST Q.Icorrectbadlyplacedteeth.
18.RADIOLOGIST R.Ipreparemedicinesaccordingtotheinstructionsona
doctor’sprescription.
19.PSYCHOLOGIST S.Iusetheradiationtodiagnosedisorders,e.g.through
theuseofX-raysorradioactivetracers,ortotreat
diseasessuchascancer.
20.PHARMACIST T.Ispecializeinthestudyofthenervoussystemandthe
treatmentofitsdiseases.
INGLÉSTÉCNICOPARAGRADOSUPERIOR 13
DIAGNOSTICIMAGINGTECHNICIAN
Diagnostic Imaging Technicians work in the field of radiologic technology,
which uses tests likeX-rays,MRIs andCT scans, or in sonography, which uses
soundwaves,toscanthebodytodiagnoseanymedicalproblemspatientsmayhave.
DiagnosticImagingTechnicianspreparepatientsbyexplainingandpreparingthem
fortheprocedure,followingimagingtestinstructions,operatingdiagnosticimaging
equipment,recordingdata,assistinginimagereviewandmaintainingequipment.
Diagnostic Imaging Technicians must learn how to properly and safely
handlediagnostictestingequipment.Theymustalsobeabletoworkwithpatients
andhelpkeepthemcalmduringprocedures.
In general, they work with imaging
equipment to capture a "picture" of an area of
concern inside a patient's body. They also make
some preliminary assessments of the images
before they're handed off to a doctor. Specific
dutieswillmostlikelyinclude:
• Preparepatientsforimagingprocedures
• Prepareandmaintainimagingequipment
• Correctlypositionthepatienttogettherightimage
• Operateequipmenttogetdiagnosticimages
• Knowthedifferencebetweenanormalandabnormalimage
• Analyzeimagesforpreliminaryfindings
• Communicatewithphysiciansaboutimages
• Maintainpatients'imagingrecords
INGLÉSTÉCNICOPARAGRADOSUPERIOR 15
3.Completethenexttextwiththesewords:
painless/examine/internalorgans/images
X-RAYS
An X-ray is a quick and (1) __________________ procedure commonly used to
produce(2)__________________oftheinsideofthebody.X-raysareusuallycarriedout
inhospitalX-raydepartmentsbyDiagnosticImagingTechnicians.
X-rays can be used to (3) ___________________most areas of the body. They're
mainly used to look at the bones and joints, although they're sometimes used to
detectproblemsaffectingsofttissue,suchas(4)____________________.
MRI
INGLÉSTÉCNICOPARAGRADOSUPERIOR 16
CTSCAN
A CT scan or computed tomography scan (formerly computerized axial
tomographyscanorCATscan)makesuseof computer-processedcombinationsof
many X-raymeasurements taken fromdifferent angles to produce cross-sectional
(tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of specific areas of a scanned object,
allowingtheusertoseeinsidetheobjectwithoutcutting.
CThasbecomean important tool inmedical imaging to supplementX-rays
and medical ultrasonography. It has more recently been used for preventive
medicineorscreening fordisease, forexampleCTcolonography forpeoplewitha
high risk of colon cancer, or full-motion heart scans for people with high risk of
heartdisease.
Usually it isnecessary toadminister thepatientcontrastssuchas iodineor
barium,tobetterseetheanatomicalstructures.Theroutesofadministrationcanbe
oral,rectal,throughtheurethraorintravenous.
In all TC tests that need to administer contrast the patient has to sign an
informedconsent.
INGLÉSTÉCNICOPARAGRADOSUPERIOR 17
LISTENING:Playthevideo(onYouTube)andlistentothesong“NeverGoogleYourSymptoms”andcompletethegaps.