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STUDIO AIR 2015, SEMESTER 1, JOEL FALCONER

Falconer joel 604415

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Page 1: Falconer joel 604415

STUDIO AIR2015, SEMESTER 1, JOEL FALCONER

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Joel Falconer

Born in Melbourne (1981).

Currently completing my 3rd year of bachelor of environments at Melbourne

university. My interests lie in the exploration of parametric design ‘s ability to assist

in key global ecological issues through design futuring, particularly in the realm of

Structural innovation and ESD.

Such as we have never seen before, cutting edge algorithmic computation and digital

fabrication has given us the ability to create a form and technical system that is able to

emulate the way in which nature functions and then incorporate with every aspect of

the built environment to create a more human oriented urbanism.

I am also interested in the way in which Digital fabrication has the potential to draw

a strongly emotive and personal response within individuals through developing

complex organic shapes and systems relating very strongly to human biology

My previous work in 3D modelling has involved using the Rhino Interface to create a

‘second skin’ Prototype for the Bachelor of environment’s studio Virtual Environments.

In this Project I explored the way in which psychological concepts of ‘Personal Space’

could be mapped and then translated into a physical structure with the mechanism to

‘protect’ the wearer from encroachment into their personal space.

PERSONAL PROFILE

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PERSONAL PROFILE

Fig.2: Images of author’s previous experiments in Rhino

Fig.1: Images of author

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Computation has allowed the architect to enlarge the potential of what and how

they design and fabricate. Beyond ‘computerisation’ ,which is the act of digitizing

existing process, computation is the transformation of that process using the new

digital tools as the driver behind the design process. Computing has been used to

redefine practice by making the architect a designer/coder of algorithms, and one

whom establishes and manipulates the parameters of a project, rather than one whom

generates a pre-established ‘form’ which the practice then works towards realizing.

Architects have become more concerned with managing the process of exploration

and analysing appropriate parameters (construction techniques, environmental

performance, site conditions, programmatic requirements etc.) which has resulted in

a forms previously unrealisable.

In this new design paradigm the emphasis is on the ‘declaring parameters of a

particular design...not its shape.’1 The process is a lot more generative - large variants

of designs can be quickly modelled that can be either more rational and customized

and/or more experimental because the algorithmic process has enabled a highly

complex (often organic) and surprising outcome which could never have been

considered by a form oriented architect.

1 Kolarevic, Branko, Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing (New York; London: Spon Press, 2003) Suggested start with pp. 3–62 pdf

INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

Figure 3 : Shows the computational design process for a project by Defne Sunguroglu Hensel (2010)1 in which structure and forces are analyzed to determine the perfect form for a self supported Nested Catenarie arch structures.The design process here is through the critical and sophisticated manipulation of inputs. By defining the relationships between elements of the project the designer was able to quickly generate multiple iterations of potential designs from which suitable results could be selected and constructed.

1 Sunguroglu Hensel, Defne, Baraut Bover, Guillem, (2015) ‘A developmental Route to Local Specifity. nested Catenaries’ 85,2,pp120-127

Another benefits of Parametric design are that it enables

ease of change through every step of the process

without having to re-construct the entire work. One can

adjust parameters which are ‘downstream’ causing all

resultant relationships to alter ‘upstream’ . Not only does

this aid the creative ‘sketching’ process but it can also

have huge cost-benefit justifications by eliminating the

need to spend time reworking and reworking the design

with each change.

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For Centre Pompidou, Metz (2010)Shigeru Ban utilized 3D modelling to create a non-

linear self supporting structure comprising of 1,800 doubly curved wooden beams.1

Each beam was manufactured using CNC Laser cutting to slightly different

specifications requiring that each element connected with each other using slightly

different detailing. This required a mass customization of the detailing that would,

a process that would not have been possible utilizing a manual detailing technique.

Using C.A.D. Ban was also able to establish direct communication between the digital

model and the CNC cutting ensuring an efficient and quick production and assembly

process. As Fabian Scheurer2 noted, in order to create such a process “the mass-

customisation system that translates the design input into production data has to be

developed first”. Once this construction system is established the restraints of this

system are key parameters in the digital algorithm.

1 Schreurer, Fabian, (2010) ‘ Materialising Complexity’. Architectural Design,80,4, pp86-93,

2 Schreurer, Fabian, (2010) ‘ Materialising Complexity’. Architectural Design,80,4,93,

Figure 5: Shigeru Ban’s Centre Pompidiu, Metz, 2010, Source

Figure 4: Shigeru Ban’s Centre Pompidiu, Metz, 2010, Source:

SURFACE AND SKIN EXPLORATIONS

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The computationally modelled facade

of the centre of ideas by Minfie van

Schaik Architects is an early application

of exploratory design based on

Parametric digital modelling.

The reflective cladding is formed into

in-versed cones arranged using the

Voronoi pattern. This has created a

dynamic surface that acts as an analogy

of the creative process which the

building is designed to house (i.e. the

outer world of the built environment/

society is funnelled into a finite location

in which a new idea can be generated).

Although the visual effect is striking the

use of digital process has been limited

to a facade effect rather than a deeper

interrogation of structure, material or

functional innovations. (as was seen in

the Shigeru Bans work)

Fig.6: The facade of the centre for ideas ... Source: http://www.archello.com/en/project/centre-ideas-0#

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COMPOSITION/GENERATION

In this research project undertaken be Defne Sunguroglu1 the innovative use of brick

as a material have been explored via computation and parametric analysis. Sunguroglu

has focused on examining how bricks could be formed and assembled to form a

doubley curved surface that could be utilized (with minimal structural asssembly) to

achieve maximum performance on a range of criteria. - “Curvature yields structural

capacity and curvature helps orient surface area towards or away from environmental

impact.”2 Considerations such as the ability for the bricks to filter light, modulate

airflow as well as the thermal behaviour of the brick surface, were all examined under

various digitally moddelled itteraions with adjustments ot paramaters such as spacing

of brick and placement within the curve. The porosity fo the material (effecting the

amount of air trapped) could also be examined and through parametric modelling

via explorations in biomimicry based research on the fibre distribution of abnominal

shells of lobsters. This has led to the discovery, amongst others, that “ A varied fibre-

composite enables continuous variation in structural morphology and topology; a

surface can transform seamlesssly into a beam or an dopening”3 thus allowing for

more insightfull knowledge on how the brick’s internal material structure could be

manipulated. To create “greater scope of mechanical and environmental properties”.

1 Sunguroglu, Defne, (2008_ ‘ Complex Brick Assemblies’, Architectural Design, 78,2,

2 As above p.71

3 As above p. 73

Fig.7 An iterative process was utilized to analyse the shading potential of differentiated structural assemblies

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Opposite Fig.9: The Digital process could be translated into scaled models through digital fabrication.

Fig.8: Exploring Bio-mimicary - The Molecular structure of the brick could be examined for porosity and structural ability.

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Examples of the use of Building information modelling as a generative tool can be

found in Nicholas Grimshaw’s International Terminal at Waterloo station in London

by Nicholas Grimshaw (Figure 11) and the Smithsonian Institute update by Foster +

Partners (figure 12).

Grimshaw was able to generate 36 Dimensionally different but identically configured

three-pin bowstring arches. The shape of these arches was generated based on

an input of structural performative parameters related to site conditions, structural

requirements and program requirements etc. “Instead of modelling each arch

separately, a parametric model was created based on the underlying design rules in

which the size of the span and the curvature of individual arches were related”1 This

modelling was then used to inform the design and construction of the rest of the

structure and cladding resulting in a highly efficient. result.

In the Smithsonian Institute Foster uses parametrics to analyse solar intake and

acoustic performance of a space- “computer code was used to explore design options

and was constantly modified throughout the design process. It was also used to

generate the final geometry and additional information needed to analyse structural

acoustics performance, to visualise the space and to create fabrication data for the

physical model.”2

1 Kolarevic, Branko, Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing (New York; London: Spon Press, 2003) Suggested start with pp. 3–62 pdf2 Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15

PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION

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Fig.10 Waterloo Train Station Nicholas Grimshaw: Each individual element was derived from the parametrics of site constraints and structural requirements

Fig.11: Smithsonian Institute Foster and Partners : Light and acoustic parameters resulted in a waved courtyard roof structure.

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CONCLUSION

The key benefits of utilizing a Parametric and Algorithmic design process is the

ability to explore previously unknown potentials of form, structure and material

performance by shifting the focus from ‘form led’ design to ‘process/outcome’ led

design. Through the volume in customized output (generated through exploration of

and experimenting with parametric) we can generate structures based on principles

of mass customization that are more suitable for program, site and environmental

particulars. The rise in computation has also led to developing innovative techniques

in construction and construct-ability and in the ability to analyse a building

performance throughout its entire life-cycle which has lead to greater sustainability

within building practice. This can lead to a more holistic approach do designing which

considers more deeply the human and environmental impacts that building has on

the users and on the environment.

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CONCLUSION REFERENCES

Derix, C. and Izaki, Å. (2013), Spatial Computing for the New Organic. Archit Design, 83: 42–47. doi: 10.1002/

ad.1552

Kolarevic, Branko, Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing (New York; London: Spon Press,

2003) Suggested start with pp. 3–62 pdf

Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp.

08-15

Sunguroglu, Defne, (2008) ‘ Complex Brick Assemblies’, Architectural Design, 78,2, pp.64-73

Sunguroglu Hensel, Defne, Baraut Bover, Guillem, (2015) ‘A developmental Route to Local Specifity. nested

Catenaries’ 85,2,pp120-127

Schreurer, Fabian, (2010) ‘ Materialising Complexity’. Architectural Design,80,4, pp86-93,

Woodbury, Robert F. (2014). ‘How Designers Use Parameters’, in Theories of the Digital in Architecture, ed. by

Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 153–170 ed.

FIGURESCover Image: Authors own image1.2. Authors own images3. Sunguroglu Hensel, Defne, Baraut Bover, Guillem, (2015) ‘A developmental Route to Local Specifity. nested Catenaries’ 85,2,pp120-1274.5 Schreurer, Fabian, (2010) ‘ Materialising Complexity’. Architectural Design,80,4, pp86-93, 6. http://www.archello.com/en/project/centre-ideas-0#7..8.9. Sunguroglu, Defne, (2008_ ‘ Complex Brick Assemblies’, Architectural Design, 78,2, pp.64-73

10.(waterloos.1 (http://grimshaw-architects.com/project/international-terminal-waterloo/)11. Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15