Fairview Fire District Geographic Information System (GIS) Fire Suppression and Emergency Medical Services Response Capabilities Analysis

Fairview Fire District

Geographic Information System (GIS)Fire Suppression and

Emergency Medical ServicesResponse Capabilities Analysis

● In less than 30 seconds a small flame can rage completely out of control and turn into a major fire. During fire growth, the temperature of a fire rises to 1,000 to 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit.

● Flashover at 1,100 to 1,200 Fahrenheit may occur in a burning room in as little as 4 minutes, depending upon its contents.

● At flashover, the odds of survival for individuals inside the structure- both victim and rescuer- are virtually non-existent.

Unknown Unknown1 minuteelapsed

2 minuteselapsed

7 minuteselapsed

8 minuteselapsed

Ignition ofFire

Discovery Notification ofEmergencyResponseSystem

Dispatch ofEmergency

Units

FireDepartment

Turnout

FireDepartment

Arrival at theIncident Scene

Access,Rescue,

Ventilate andSuppress

FLASHOVER

OverhaulScene

Timeline of a Fire Department Response to aStructure Fire

8 minutes

3 minuteselapsed

FireDepartmentDeparture

● If fire fighters responding within 4 minutes of receiving an alarm initiate CPR, the probability of patient survival

quadruples, from 4.6% to 18.2%.

● If those same fire fighters are equipped and trained to provide defibrillation, the expected survival rate is five times

greater at 25.8%.

● Finally, if those fire fighters are trained and equipped as paramedics, the survival rate is increased to 34.3% – nearly a

sevenfold increase.

Source: M.P. Larsen, M.S. Eisenberg, et al., “Predicting Survival From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Graphic Model,” Annals of Emergency Medicine 22, no. 11 (November 1993): 1652 – 8.

Unknown Unknown1 minuteelapsed

2 minuteselapsed

7 minuteselapsed

8 minuteselapsed

Onset ofCardiacArreest

Discovery Notification ofEmergencyResponseSystem

Dispatch ofEmergency

Units

FireDepartment

Turnout

FireDepartment

Arrival at theIncident Scene

Access,Assess,

Medicate, andDefibrillate

BIOLOGICALDEATH

ALSTransport

Timeline of a Fire Department Response to anIncident of Cardiac Arrest

8 minutes

3 minuteselapsed

FireDepartmentDeparture

#Y

Fire Department Headquarters


Area LandmarksArbor ApartmentsDutchess Community CollegeFairview Business ParkGreat Eastern LithographHome Depot PlazaHudson River Psychiatric Center (HRPC)Marist CollegeRoss Pavilion (HRPC)St. Francis HospitalSt. Peter's SchoolViolet Avenue Elementary SchoolWater Treatmnent Plant

Fallkill ParkBodies of WaterWaterwaysRailwaysRoad Network

Major Roads & ThoroughfaresPrimary Roads Without Limited AccessSecondary and Connecting Roads

#Y Fire Department Headquarters

Fairview Fire DepartmentExisting Station Locations and Significant Area Landmarks

Map 1

(/9

(/9

Æ#9G

Æ#9G

#Y




Fallkill ParkBodies of WaterWaterwaysRoad NetworkRailways86.2% of all roads covered within 4 minutesExisting Ambulance 4-minute Response Capabilities *


Fairview Fire DepartmentExisting Ambulance Company 4-minute Response Capabilities *

Map 2

* Assumes unit is available to respondimmediately upon dispatch.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time (minutes)

% S

ucce

ss

Chances of succes decrease by7-10% each minute

*non-linear

Adapted from text: Cummins RO, Annals of Emergency Medicine , 1989, 18: 1269-1275

#Y




Fallkill ParkBodies of WaterWaterwaysRailwaysRoad Network99.3% of all roads covered within 8 minutesExisting Ambulance 8-minute Response Capabilities *


Fairview Fire DepartmentExisting Ambulance Company 8-minute Response Capabilities *

Map 3

* Assumes unit is available to respondimmediately upon dispatch.

Most experts agree that four responders (at least two trained in ACLS and two trained in BLS) are the

minimum required to provide ACLS to cardiac arrest victims.

Fire Dep’t.Response Time

Initiation of CPR

♥Time to

Defibrillation

Time to Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)

Predicted

Survival Rate/All Cardiac Arrest (percentages)

9 minutes 10 minutes 11 minutes 13 minutes 4.6%

4 minutesF.D. EMT:5 minutes

11 minutes 12 minutes 18.2%


F.D. EMT-D:6 minutes

11 minutes 25.8%


F.D. EMT-D:6 minutes

F.D. Paramedic:7 minutes

34.3%

#Y




Fallkill ParkBodies of WaterWaterwaysRailwaysRoad Network86.2% of all roads covered within 4 minutesExisting Engine Company 4-minute Response Capabilities *


Fairview Fire DepartmentExisting Engine Company 4-minute Response Capabilities *

Map 4* Assumes unit is available to respondimmediately upon dispatch.

The unavailability of the engine results in adelay in response.

A delay occurs as volunteers respond from their location within (or beyond) the response

jurisdiction to the firehouse.

There is also a delay as mutual aid resources respond from their primary response districts into

the Fairview Fire District.

"â

#Y

#Y

#Y

#Y

#Y

#Y

#Y

Hyde ParkRoosevelt #1

Roosevelt #3

Fairview

Arlington

New Hamburg

Roosevelt #2

Poughkeepsie

4.2 minutes: Engine with 3 Firefighters

5.2 minutes: Engine with 1-2 Day/3-4 Night;No Guarantees on Qualifications

6.6 minutes: Engine with 2 or 3 Firefighters

7.1 minutes: Staffed with Volunteer Firefighters; No Guarantees on Qualifications

7.9 minutes: Rescue Unit on 2nd Alarm Staffed with2-3 Day/3-4 Night; No Guarantees on Qualifications

8.1 minutes: Removed from 2nd Alarm Assignment Due to Inadequate Staffing

#Y City of Poughkeepsie

#Y Roosevelt Fire District - 3

#Y Arlington Fire District



#Y Hyde Park Fire District

#Y New Hamburg Fire District

"â Fairview Fire District

#Y




Fallkill ParkBodies of WaterWaterwaysRailwaysRoad Network99.3% of all roads covered within 8 minutesExisting Engine Company 8-minute Response Capabilities *


Fairview Fire DepartmentExisting Engine Company 8-minute Response Capabilities *


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Minutes

% o

f Pro

pert

y D

estr

ucti

on

Fire Confined toRoom of Origin

Fire Extends Beyond Room of Origin

Call Processing Time

Minimally, a crew of four is required to make a safe initial attack on a fire, with a crew of two

working inside the burning structure and a backup crew of two standing by to assist as necessary.

Industry studies have concluded that four fire fighters are capable of performing the rescue of potential victims 80% faster than a crew of three

fire fighters.

Currently, the Fairview Fire District staffs its frontline engine company with only two fire fighters, out of compliance with NFPA 1710

company staffing objectives.

NFPA 1710, Section 1.3 - Equivalency:“Nothing in this standard is intended to prohibit the use ofsystems, methods, or approaches of equivalent or superior

performance to those prescribed in this standard.”

FIRE

DEPT.

FIRE

DEPT.

2 firefighters deployingfrom ladder truck

1 company officer and1 firefighter deploying from

fire engine

In the event of a structure fire, where firefighters on the ambulance are

unavailable to respond, the two personnel remaining at fire headquarters will be forced to respond with only a single firefighter on the engine and a single

firefighter on the ladder truck.

FIRE

DEPT.

1 firefighter deployingfrom ladder truck

E.M.S.

FIRE

DEPT.

1 firefighter deployingfrom fire engine

Ambulance companyunavailable to responddue to simultaneouslyoccurring emergency

This condition is not compliant with the staffing objectives outlined in NFPA 1710, and violates

the standard’s equivalency clause.

#Y




Fallkill ParkBodies of WaterWaterwaysRailwaysRoad Network99.3% of all roads covered within 8 minutesExisting Ladder Company 8-minute Response Capabilities *


Fairview Fire DepartmentExisting Ladder Company 8-minute Response Capabilities *


No firefighter immediatelyavailable to ventilate the

structure

Driver/Operator remains at the ladder truck tomaneuver the aerial device into position in

anticipation of “second-in” companies; inspectionof the premises for fire extension and exposures

not accomplished

One firefighter must remain atthe engine pump to establish andmaintain an uninterrupted water

supply to firefighters workinginside the burning structure

Two remaining firefighters initiate victimsearch and rescue operations without theassistance of ventilation, and without animmediately-available backup crew to

assist in case of emergency

Existing Allocation of F.F.D. Personnel at a Residential Structure Fire

When only a single firefighter is deploying from the ladder truck- as would be the case in a simultaneously occurring alarm, when two

firefighters have deployed the ambulance- no personnel remain to operate the ladder truck’s

aerial device.

No firefighter remains to establishand maintain an uninterrupted watersupply to firefighters working inside

the burning structure

Only 2 firefightersremain to fight the

fire and rescuevictims

Only two firefighters are available toinitiate interior fire attack and rescuetrapped occupants, and do so without

the assistance of ventilation or a backupcrew to assist in the event of emergency

Allocation of F.F.D. Personnel when Only Two Firefighters are Available

#Y




Fallkill ParkBodies of WaterWaterwaysRoad NetworkRailways


Fairview Fire DepartmentExisting "2 In/2 Out" 8-minute Response Capabilities *

Map 7

* Assumes all units are fully staffed and availableto respond immediately upon dispatch.

OSHA Regulation 1910.134 requires thatat least two standby persons, in addition tothe minimum of two persons inside neededto fight the fire, must be present before fire

fighters may enter the building.

Interior attack team initiatesfire suppression and victim

search and rescue

Rapid InterventionTeam (RIT) remains immediatelyavailable to assist in the event of a

firefighter emergency

Driver/Operator remains atthe engine pump to establishand maintain a water supply

to the interior fire crew

OSHA ‘2 In/2 Out’ Illustrated

No firefighter remains to establishor maintain an uninterrupted watersupply to firefighters working inside

the burning structure

Only 4 firefightersare capable of

initiating effectiveemergency rescue

operations

Two firefighters enter structureand initiate emergency rescue of

trapped occupants

Two firefighters remain immediatelyavailable to monitor operations and

rescue trapped firefighters, if necessary

‘2 In/2 Out’ Operations with a Crew of Four FirefightersWhen there Exists an Immediate Threat to Life

#Y




Fallkill ParkBodies of WaterWaterwaysRailwaysRoad Network99.3% of all roads covered within 8 minutesExisting Initial Alarm 8-minute Response Capabilities *


Fairview Fire DepartmentExisting Initial Alarm 8-minute Response Capabilities *

Map 8

* Assumes all units are available to respondimmediately upon dispatch.

Example of Initial Alarm Assignment:1 Engine with 1 Firefighter/1 Officer1 Ladder Truck with 2 Firefighters-------------------------------------------------Total = 4 Firefighters

No firefighter immediatelyavailable to ventilate the

structure

Driver/Operator remains at the ladder truck tomaneuver the aerial device into position in

anticipation of “second-in” companies; inspectionof the premises for fire extension and exposures

not accomplished

One firefighter must remain atthe engine pump to establish andmaintain an uninterrupted water

supply to firefighters workinginside the burning structure

Two remaining firefighters initiate victimsearch and rescue operations without theassistance of ventilation, and without animmediately-available backup crew to

assist in case of emergency

Existing Allocation of Personnel at a Residential Structure Fire

It is important to note that, due to staffing deficiencies, the fire department is capable of

deploying a maximum of four firefighters on this alarm type, under optimal conditions.

In the event of a simultaneously occurring alarm, when two of the four on-duty firefighters are unavailable to respond, only two firefighters

remain to respond to this emergency

#Y






Fairview Fire DepartmentExisting NFPA 1710 Initial Full Alarm 8-minute Response Capabilities *

Map 9

* Assumes all units are fully staffed and availableto respond immediately upon dispatch.

TOTAL ON SCENE: 17Incident Command Vehicle: 1 Chief Officer

Ladder Truck: 1 Officer/3 Fire Fighters*1 FF assigned to victim rescue

Engine: 1 Officer/3 Fire Fighters

Engine: 1 Officer/3 Fire Fighters

Engine: 1 Officer/3 Fire Fighters*1 FF assigned to victim rescue*1 FF assigned to Incident Commander*1 Officer, 1 FF assigned to IRIC

VentilationTeam

AerialOperator

Victim Search &Rescue Team

Supply PumpOperator

IRIC Team

Attack HoseCrew

Incident Commander (IC) andIC Aide

Attack PumpOperator

BackupHose Crew

FD

FD

FD

15 PERSONNEL REQUIRED17 if Aerial Device and

Supply Pump are in Operation

Under existing conditions, it is predicted that the Fairview Fire Department is completely incapable

of initiating safe and effective fire suppression and rescue operations at a residential structure

fire, in compliance with NFPA 1710’sInitial Full Alarm requirements.

#Y






Fairview Fire DepartmentExisting NFPA High Hazard Alarm 8-minute Response Capabilities *

Map 10

* Assumes all units are fully staffed andavailable to respond immediately upon dispatch.

Units Assigned to high Hazard Alarm Response:4 Engines, each with 4 Firefighters = 16 Firefighters2 Ladder Trucks, each wirh 4 Firefighters - 8 Firefighters2 Command Vehicles = 2 Chief Officers--------------------------------------------------------------------------Total on scene = 26 Fire Department Personnel

NFPA’s Fire Protection Handbook identifies initial attack response capabilities for high hazard

occupancies. The NFPA recommends “at least four pumpers, two ladder trucks, two chief

officers, and other specialized apparatus as may be needed to cope with the combustible

involved,” and recommends that “not less than twenty-four fire fighters and two chief officers”

respond to high hazard fires.

Under existing conditions, and as a direct resultof staffing deficiencies, the fire department is

completely incapable of assembling an appropriate number of personnel at the scene of

a “high hazard” occupancy.

NFPA’s Fire Protection Handbook identifies initial attack response capabilities for high hazard

occupancies. The NFPA recommends “at least four pumpers, two ladder trucks, two chief

officers, and other specialized apparatus as may be needed to cope with the combustible

involved,” and recommends that “not less than twenty-four fire fighters and two chief officers”

respond to high hazard fires.

Documents

Fairview Fire District Geographic Information System (GIS) Fire Suppression and Emergency Medical Services Response Capabilities Analysis