Fahad Alosaimi MBBS, SSC-Psych Consultation liaison psychiatrist King Saud University Cognitive and emotional development

Fahad Alosaimi MBBS, SSC-Psych

Consultation liaison psychiatrist

King Saud University

Cognitive and emotional development

Learning objectives

23-04-18Dr.Fahad Alosaimi2

Upon completion of this event, attendees will have:

Enhanced knowledge & understanding of some important theories pertaining to cognitive and emotional development.

Awareness of the connection between cognition, emotions and behaviours.

Skills to examine the stages of cognitive and emotional development.

Outlines of the talk


Cognitive SchemasCognitive development Moral reasoningDifferent aspects of emotionInappropriate emotionThe dynamics of emotionsAnger

Cognitive psychology


Thoughts: a way of processing information which are related to a particular time , person or object.

Thinking: The mental manipulation of information of internal representations of objects and situations ( Wade and Tavis, 1993)

Cognitive Schemas (Piaget)


Schemas : a cognitive map for processing information.

Piaget : a process of formations or reformulations of schemas include:

Assimilations: the act of taking in a new information.

Accommodation: The act of making room to allow for new information.

Adaptation : the whole process of assimilations and accommodation...equilibrium between them.

Cognitive Schemas (Piaget)


Cognitive psychology


Irrational thinking ,e.g. doctors have easy life. ..Doctors have difficult life...

Models of life positions (Ok-ness concept)( truly think of self & others), ( Thomas Harris, 1973) : OK means good, not OK means either bad or feeling

inferior. Four life positions:I’m not OK- you are OK (I am inferior to others)I’m not OK- you are not OK (every one is badI ‘m OK- you are not OK (I am superior to others)I’m OK- you are OK( there is goodness in everyone)

Unconsc.

Cognitive development (Piaget)


Cognitive development (Piaget)


Piaget and moral reasoning


Moral realism: obligation and values are determined by law or the order itself, independent of the intentions and relationships.

Moral realism lead to objective responsibilities.Children believe if they violate some moral rules

they will be punished .Moral reasoning will start through the process of

socialization.

Kohlberg & moral reasoning



Kohlberg & moral reasoning

Reason for obedience and value imposed on human life ( Kohler, 1984)


Motives for moral actions Value of human life

1) Obey rules to avoid punishment Value is confused with the value of physical objects..based on social status or physical attributes of the possessors.

2) Conform to obtain rewards Value is instrumental to the satisfactions of the needs of its possessor or of others.

3) Conform to avoid disapproval Value is based on empathy of others .

4) Conform to avoid harsh disapproval of authority and resultant guilt

Life is sacred in in term of its place in a categorical moral or religious order of rights and duties.

5) Conform to maintain the respect of the impartial spectator judging in terms of community welfare

Life is valued in relation to community welfare and of being a universal human right.

6) Conform to avoid self-condemnation

Human life is sacred- a universal human value of respect for the individual.

Emotion & behaviour


EmotionBody without emotion is like a body without a

heart.Emotion help to appreciate love, pain and grief.Emotion is the essence of all animal

communications ( verbal & non verbal).Contributes to the preservation of the moral rules

of the society.

E.G . Patents may say to their child “you should feel bad for the way you behave”


Physiological aspects of emtotionArousal of limbic system lead to changes in HR,

sweating and BP.According to Delgado(1971), electrical stimulation of

the rat brain resulted in two types of emotional responses:

1) false rage( pseudorage): vocal display of verbal aggression not directed at other rates, anterior hypothalamus

2) true rage: vocal display of verbal aggression to ward off the threatening danger , lateral hypothalamus.

Delgado(1971), stimulation of the right amygdala may produce a “fit of rage” in psych patient who was playing.

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Expressive aspects of emotion


Experiential aspect of emotionCrucial to daily functioning and responsible for

motivating action.People behaviour is related mostly to mixed emotions


Primary emotions Secondary (mixed) emotions

AcceptanceDisgustAnticipation/expectationAngerFearJoy Sadnesssurprise

Aggressiveness( anger+ anticipation)Awe ( fear+ surprise)Contempt( anger+ disgust)Disappointment(sadness +surprise)Love( acceptance + joy)Optimism( anticipation +joy)Remorse( sadness+ disgust)Submission( acceptance + fear)

Have you always expressed your true feelings?Inappropriate emotion: one which is not

warranted by the evoking object or situation.Racket feeling: put the true feeling on hold &

take on a substitute feeling.May be unconscious.Learned from parents and significant others:

It is better not to cry!....Do not be upset!...Do not let them know how you feel!...pretend it does not hurt!..etc.


The dynamics of emotion (Plutchik,1994)


Anger is a natural emotionAnger is an arousal plus thoughts of attacking.is a strong feeling of annoyance.Anger bouts have: antecedents behaviour consequences.Common antecedents of anger : problems with relationship, interaction with strangers, injustice inconveniences.


AngerSocialisation may lead to regard anger as a

weakness .When people get angry , they tend to function

purely from an emotional dimension.may behave from mild irritation to destruction.Anger is an intrapersonal event but mostly

expressed in an overt behaviour.


Anger• Expression of anger:Outward , e.g. in destructive behaviour.Inward, e.g. Depression or suicide.Repressed or suppressed( on hold)

• Theories of anger:Psychoanalysis: instinct of aggression is aroused

through frustration of the id, & externalized to protect individual from self-harm.

Frustration-aggression hypothesis ( dollard,1939).Social learning theory( bandura,1973):aggression is

a learned behaviour, through reinforcement, direct observation and instruction


Maladaptive !!

May adaptive if proper channel like boxing

Functions of anger & aggressionVentilation of anger.Defence against anxiety “to deal with their

anxieties in an attempt to protect themselves”.Controlling function “ let them know who is the

boss”Protective function “ to warn the enemy that I am

not an easy prey”



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Fahad Alosaimi MBBS, SSC-Psych Consultation liaison psychiatrist King Saud University Cognitive and emotional development