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Faculty of Management and Human Resource Development Lecturer : Pn . Siti Rokiah Course/ Code : Effective Communication Title : Group and Team Communication Section : 05. Group Members = Group 3 + 7 + 8. Synopsis ( Part I). Synopsis ( Part II). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Faculty of Management and Human Resource Development
Lecturer : Pn. Siti RokiahCourse/ Code : Effective CommunicationTitle : Group and Team CommunicationSection : 05
Group Members = Group 3 + 7 + 8No Name Matrix No
1 Elnara Latifova AH104014
2 Ong Shwu Er AH100215
3 Ong Siow Thing AH1002164 Ching Sim Mei AH100196
5 Siti Sakinah Binti Burhanuddin AH100219
6 Tee Hui Lee AH100226
7 Fatin Mohammad Zahir AH100198
8 Michele Sylvester AH100206
No Name Matrix No
9 Tan Yuen Li AH100224
10 Tan Shea Lee AH100223
11 Tan Kai Quan AH100222
12 Ashmal Hafiz bin Ahmad Suhaimi AH100193
13 Gan Swee Fong AH100199
14 Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed AH104007
15 Chan Khye Lin AH100194
Synopsis ( Part I)
Introduction
What is Group & Team
Group Formation Types & Purposes of Small Groups
Characteristics of Small Groups
Gender Differences + Ethical Behavior in Group Communication
Disadvantages of Small Groups
Virtual Groups & Teams
Synopsis ( Part II)
Team Building
Leadership
Conducting Meeting Member Participation
Problem Solving & Decision Making
Reflective Thinking Managing Group Conflict
Evaluating Small - Group Performance
Conclusion
What is Group and Team?
Common purpose
Are interdependent
Consists small number of
people
Interact together
Collection of individuals who
influence one another
Small-Group Communication• Consists at least 3 interacting people
• Less than 3 (interview or interpersonal communication)
InterviewingInterpersonal Presentation
Effective Group Communication
• Example:–Ability to ask effective questions– To listen–Deal with interpersonal relationships–Resolve conflict– Present idea
• Small group communication involve:
– Share common purpose• Solve problems, make decision and share
information
– Respect one another• Honest, tolerant, and hold high ethical standards
– Ensure the willingness – not only to listen but also – give feedback, discuss and argue
Team• A coordinated group of people
• organized to work together to achieve a specific goal– Teams develop clearly defined
responsibilities for team members.– Teams have clearly defined rules for team
operation.– Teams develop clear goals.– Teams develop a way of coordinating their
efforts.
Effective team communication
Good manners
Think before your speak
Good attention
Speak only when
necessary
Listen others speak
Group
TEAM
Group
GroupGroup
Group Formation: why we join:
Satisfy important psychological &
social needs
Help people achieve goals
Multiple sources
information& knowledge
Individual’s positive social
identity
Need for security
Why we leave
Restricting personal freedom
Time-consuming , ineffective
Adopt position and policies
Demand( time, energy &
resources)
Types and Purposes of Small Group
To fill basic needs of inclusion
and affection with others
Primary Groups
Focus on socialand interpersonal
relationships
Secondary groups
Purpose : to accomplish a task or achieve a goal
Example : decision makingproblem solvingLearning Group
Characteristics of Small Groups
Interdependence
Mutual dependence of group members on one anotherGroup’s success based on : member’s cooperation, accountability and willingness.
Commitment
Desire of group members to work together to complete a task to the satisfaction of the entire group. Often stem from interpersonal attraction, commonality of attitude,beliefs, and values.
Cohesiveness
• The attraction that group members feel for each other and willingness to stick together
• A form of loyalty• But, too much – lead to unwillingness to change an
unsuccessful decision
• Group SizePoints to consider:
I. Large groups reduce the time and amount of individual interaction
II. Large groups provide a greater opportunity for aggressive members to assert their dominance. As a result, less assertive members might feel isolated and might withdraw from the group altogether
III. Large groups make it difficult to follow a set agenda. It is easy for someone in a large group to switch topics or introduce subjects that are not related to the group’s original priorities.
Group NormsExpected and shared ways in which group members behave.Both informal and formal guidelines determine which behaviors are acceptable and which are not.For a group to function effectively, its members must agree on how things are to be done.Norms also develop in virtual groups.As virtual groups mature over time, so does conformity to the norms of the groups.
Group Culture
• The pattern of values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors that is shared by group members and that shapes a group’s individual personality.
• Created by many factors• Not static, but constantly changing and
developing
Gender Differences in Group Communication
Men
• More engage in aggressive behavior
• dominate the talking• Interested in winning• More goal oriented
Women
• More cooperative with opponent
• Share resources • Interested in fairness
*both women and men understand stereotypes exist and make sure each person participates in group is provide equal opportunities to participate
Ethical Behavior in Group Communication
• responsibility to be ethnical in group• respect each other opinions especially to behaviors within
the group member when participating in group-related activities.
• Group members -have right to state opinion or perspective -willing to share legitimate information -honesty and integrity -use information ethically -keep confidential information confidential
Disadvantages of Small Groups
Going Along to Get Along
•Group can become too cohesive or committed.•Groupthink (a dysfunction in which group members value the harmony of the group more than new ideas, fails to critically examine ideas, hesitate to change flawed decision, and lack willingness to allow new members to participate. )
Time consuming•It always takes longer to accomplish something when a group does it.•Individual can always complete a task in a short time than a group.
Varying Communications Styles• Different communication style and comfort level with the
group.• Some members might dominate and overwhelm
conversations, whereas others members might not contribute at all.
Unfair Workload• Students complain that some group members lack motivation
and do not do their fair share of the work.• Also referred to as Social Loafing. (Tendency for individual to
lower their work effort after they join a group.)
Pressure to Fail• Groups may not meet their potential because the majority of
group members place pressure on the most capable members not to excel.
• Members who do not cooperate and do excel might find themselves teased, chastised, or worse for breaking the group’s norm.
Grouphate Phenomenon• People who have negative experiences with group or those
who do not have the communications skills to be effective in groups dislike group work.
Virtual Groups and Teams
-a group of people that relies on electronic forms of communication to work together to accomplish goal
Teleconferencing use telephones and speakerphones to connect people in different location limited-cannot see at other location Losing nonverbal cues
Videoconferencing -includes picture and sound
-connect group via television in different location -cost and need special equipment to allow picture and sound transmitted -increase face to face interaction
Interactive computer conferencing interaction via computer convenience only computer and connected video camera are required equipment failure occur
Team Building
Setting Goals~Goals must be clear, specific, challenging, and worthwhile.
Determining Roles~Leader~Team members
Leadership
Leadership
An influence process that includes any behavior that helps
clarify a group’s purpose or guides the group to achieve its goal
LeaderA person who is assigned or selected , or who emerges from a group, to guide or provide direction toward reaching the group’s goals.
FIVE WAYS TO BECOME A BETTER LEADER
Get 360-degree feedback on your present level of effectiveness, as judged by co-
workers you respect.
Pick the most important behaviors for change—those you believe will enhance
your effectiveness as a leader—e.g., "become a more effective listener" or "make
decisions in a timelier manner").
Periodically ask co-workers for suggestions on how you can do an even better job
in your selected behaviors for change.
Listen to their ideas—don't promise to change everything—and make the changes
that you believe will further increase your effectiveness.
Follow-up and measure change in your effectiveness over time.
Leadership styles and behavior
1. Autocratic
• Keeps complete control
• Sets policy and makes all decisions for the group
• Defines task and assigns them to members
2. Democratic
• Shares control
• Involves members in making the decisions and etc.
• Guide the task instead of setting it.
3. Laissez-faire
• Gives up control
• Total freedom
• Completely avoid participation
What is gender?
Gender is the culturally created idea of differences
between the sexes.
Gender is a culturally created order of power related
to the idea of female and male.
Gender is one´s unaware actions that are the result of
power structure and these unaware gender related
actions do not aspire to change the order of power, but
to preserve them.
Conducting a Meeting
-Members may appoint or elect a recording secretary.
-For the first time, the members usually begin by introducing themselves & briefly telling their reasons for joining the group.
-To ensure efficiency, procedures must be established, and meeting must be conducted according to a well-organized plan.
-The best way to accomplish this is by producing an agenda, a list of all topics to be discussed during a meeting.
Meeting agenda look like : Roll call / attendance
Reading, correction, and approval of minutes from previous
meeting
Unfinished business from
previous meeting
New business
Announcements
Adjournment
Members Participation
• Roles of group members• Contribution of group members
Roles of group members
• Group task & building
– Help to accomplish task & objective
– E.g :initiator-contributor, energizer, recorder
• Group building & maintenance
– Help to define group’s social atmosphere
– E.g : encourager, harmonizer, compromiser
• Self centered roles
– Counterproductive/destructive
– E.g : aggressor, blocker, buffoon
Contribution of group members
• Comments that are open to evaluation
– Group discussion lead to best possible info and decision if members
offer comments for evaluation.
– Criticism cant be avoided or ignored
• Provocative comments
– Every comments/ideas are valuable
• Prepare to contribute
– Study the agenda in advance
Problem Solving And Decision Making
1) Determining problem Select problem and topic. Should be stated in the form question.
4 types of discussion Questions
Question of fact asks whether something is true or false.
Question of interpretation asks for the meaning or explanation of something.
Question of policy asks what actions should be taken.
Question of value asks whether something is good or bad, desirable or undesirable.
2) Discussing The Problem
5 specific steps developed by the Philosopher John Dewey
5.1 Definition of the problem
5.2 Analysis of the problem
5.3 Suggestion of possible problem
5.4 Selection of the best solution
5.5 Putting the best solution into operation
Reflective Thinking in Problem Solving and Decision Making
Problem solving is a set of activities designed to analyze a situation systematically and generate, implement, and evaluate solutions Decision making is a mechanism for making choices at each step of the problem-solving process.
Steps Involved In Decision Making Process1. Defining / Identifying the managerial problem2.Analyzing the problem3.Developing alternative solutions4.Selecting the best solution out of the available alternatives5. Converting the decision into action6. Ensuring feedback for follow-up
Brainstorming Brainstorming is a popular tool that helps you
generate creative solutions to a problem. Individual brainstorming :1. Draw or doodle while you're thinking.
2. Ask questions. Read something.
3. Take a walk with a little notepad and pen.
4.Work a crossword puzzle or a word search.
5. Do something with the intention of figuring out what you want to focus on.
6. Look around: Write down the interesting things you see, hear, touch, feel, smell, or taste.
Group brainstorming
• Group brainstorming can be very effective for bringing the full experience and creativity of all
members of the group to bear on an issue
• How to Use the Tool:
1. Find a comfortable meeting environment, and set it up ready for the session.
2. Define the problem you want solved clearly, and lay out any criteria to be met.
3. Make it clear that that the objective of the meeting is to generate as many ideas as possible.
4. Give people plenty of time on their own at the start of the session to generate as many ideas as
possible.
5. Ask people to give their ideas, making sure that you give everyone a fair opportunity to contribute.
6. Encourage people to develop other people's ideas, or to use other ideas to create new ones.
Managing Group Conflicto Conflict??? Negative??o Communication is bound to be conflict.o if properly managed, better decisions and solutions to problem.
Group decision making and problem solving
Conflict and open disagreement
Better understanding of issues, better involvement, increased motivation, better decision, greater group cohesiveness.
Tension, increase disagreement, increase in personal attacks, hurt feelings, withdrawal, disbanding of other group
Principle negotiation – A procedure that helps group members
negotiate consensus by collaboration through the expression of
each differing need and a search for alternatives to meet those
needs.
Ways :
1) Express disagreement openly and honestly for discussion
2) Stick to the issues and direct get to the point.
3) Criticize the idea not the person.
4) Don’t simply put down others’ ideas or views.
5) Always remain calm even if someone attacks you. Take a
reasoned approach and do not take the attack
personally.
Evaluating Small-Group Performance
Time for the hands on exercise !!!
• firstly, think back the last time u had your small group discussion
• secondly, raise up your hands based on instructions
Conclusion
There is no way for you to get away from being in a group. Everyone will need to learn on how to get along well with others. This is where communication skills play its significant role.