Faculty of Life Sciences - Punjabi University Session 201… · Web viewHistory of bacteriology, Discovery of bacteria, Role of microorganisms in geochemical cycling, transformation

PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATIALA

PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATIALAOrdinances and Syllabus

ForM.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY

2014–2015 & 2015-2016Continued

2016–2017 & 2017-2018Continued

2018–2019 & 2019-2020

MASTER OF SCIENCE(SEMESTER SYSTEM EXAMINATION)

1. The course for the degree of Master of Science shall be spread over two academic years to be called M.Sc. Part-I and M.Sc. Part-II. Each part shall consist of two semesters. The examination for the first semester and third semester shall be held in the month of November/December and the examination for the second semester and fourth semester shall be held in the month of April/ May or such other dates as may be fixed by the academic council.

2. (i) Last date by which the admission form and fee complete in all respects must reach the registrar shall be applicable as notified by the University from time to time.

(ii) Incomplete form or form of candidate who have not cleared his /her all due will not be accepted

(iii) The candidate will be required to pay examination fees as prescribed by University from time to time.

(iv) The amount of examination fee to be paid by a candidate for each semester shall be as prescribed by the university from time to time.

(v) The medium of examination shall be English.(vi) The syllabus shall be such as may be prescribed by the concerned faculty from

time to time.3. (i) Each paper shall have at least 25% Internal Assessment of the total theory marks

stipulated for external examination. Combined internal assessment of all the subject will be sent by the host institution/department and will be entered in the detailed mark sheet as a separate identity.

(ii) The internal assessment will be based on all or some of the following criterion.

1. Average of two internal tests based on the lectures delivered = 40%

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2. Assignments/Reports/Projects/Seminar =40%3. Attendance = 20%

The break up of the marks for the above will be decided by the ACD of the department at the beginning of the semester.The teacher/teachers concerned/incharge of each paper/practical class will be responsible for the evaluation & submission of the internal assessment. Later this will be clubbed up with all other papers and sent to Examination branch, PU, Patiala by the head of the institution/department.

(iii) To pass in a paper the candidate must score 35% marks in the external examination and 35% marks in aggregate (internal and external examination)

(iv) For a candidate who fails in a paper(s) his internal assessment for that paper will be carried over and supplementary examination will therefore consists of only external examination.

Note: The Internal assessment will be formulated and sent to COE as per prescribed schedule failing which the result for concerned candidates will be shown as R.L.

4. The Part-I (M.Sc-Ist semester) examination shall be open to any person who has been admitted to the course and fulfills the attendance requirements. The admission of the candidate will be subject to the eligibility conditions in force at the time of admissions.

M.Sc. MicrobiologyThe candidates who have passed the Bachelor`s degree in Science with subjects in the Faculty of Life Sciences/ Biological/ Medical/ Engineering/ Food/Agriculture/ home Science/B.Sc. MLT are eligible. Besides the candidates who has passed bachelor’s degree in sciences in any three of the following subjects are also eligible:Mathematics/Statistics/Physics/ Chemistry.

5. Candidates shall submit their application forms for admission to the examination duly countersigned by the Head of the department/principal of the college along with a certificate from the Head of the department/ Principal of the College that candidate satisfies the following requirements.(a) has been on the rolls of the

University/Teaching department/College throughout the academic terms preceeding the semester examination and ;

(b) of having good moral character and(c) Every candidate will be required to

attend 75% of the total number of lecture delivered/practical in each paper. For late admission, the candidates, lectures delivered will be counted from his/her date of admission.

It shall be necessary that 75% of the lectures prescribed for the course in the syllabus are delivered before session in that paper is held. Teaching/Seminars/Tutorial/Guided Library reading:Period of one hour duration 1 attendancePeriod of 2-3 hours duration 2 or 3 attendance

In the department where there is separate period guided library reading, the attendance for period like the attendance for each paper shall be 75% and will be considered like a paper of a separate unit.

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(i) In case of students whose names are stuck off on account of non-payment of fee, their periods for the time they were not on the rolls, shall not be counted for.

(ii) The shortage in the attendance of lectures by the candidate will be condoned as per rules made by the university from time to time.

(iii) A candidate can take the first semester examination on completing the attendance requirement of that semester. A candidate can join the second semester even if he/She does not clear any paper of the first semester. He/She will be eligible to take the second semester examination along with the examination for the papers of the first semester in which he/she has failed.

(iv) A candidate can join the IInd Year/ 3rd semester only if he/she has cleared 50% of the total theory/practical papers for the first and second semester examinations.

(v) A candidate will be admitted to the 4th semester and allowed to take the examinations along with the examinations of first, second and third semesters papers in which he has failed, provided that for the award of the M.Sc. degree, he/she shall have to qualify in all papers prescribed for the M.Sc course within a period of four years from the date he/she joined the course.

(vi) After completion of two academic years of studies(i.e. four semester) he/she shall not be admitted to any semester of the same course and will not have any privileges of a regular student.

(vii) The minimum attendance requirement for taking an examination in a paper is 75% of the delivered lectures in particular paper.

(viii) Re-appear candidates will take semester-I papers along with semester-III examinations and semester-II paper along with semester IV examination.

6. The grace marks shall be allowed according to the general ordinances relating to “ Award of Grace marks”

7. Successful candidate who obtain 60% or more of the aggregate marks in Part-I and Part-II examination taken together shall be placed in the first division. Those who obtained 50% or more but less than 60% shall be placed in the second division and all below 50% shall be placed in the third division.

8. A candidate who has passed M.Sc. examination from this university shall have two chances within a period of two years after passing the examination to improve division 55% marks. Improvement shall be allowed in not more than 50% of total theory paper/s offered in Part-I and part-II examination. However previous marks of the practicals /project will be carried forward in the paper(s) in which he appears for improvement. Uch candidate shall be allowed to appear both in annual and/ or supplementary examination.

9. There will not be any re-valuation of dissertation.

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M.Sc. (Microbiology)Scheme of Courses

Ist SemesterSr. No. Subject/Paper Marks 1. Paper-I General Microbiology 75 2. Paper-II Bacteriology 753. Paper-III Virology 754. Paper-IV Microbial Metabolism and Biochemistry 755. Paper-I Practical Paper-Pertaining to Paper I & II 606. Paper-II Practical Paper-Pertaining to Paper III & IV 607. Internal assessment 80*

Total 500

* Internal Assessment will be sent by the host institution on the basis of marks obtained in internal tests, seminar, industrial visits, assignments etc as per the following scheme.

Internal Test (Average of Two) for theory: 8 x 4 = 32 marksTutorial: 4 x 4 =16 marksAssignment 4 x 4 =16 marksAttendance 4 x 4 =16 marks


IInd SemesterSr. No. Subject/Paper Marks 1. Paper-V Immunology 752. Paper-VI Genetic Engineering & Molecular Biology 75 3. Paper-VII Industrial Microbiology 75 4. Paper- VIII Food Microbiology 75 5. Paper-III Practical Paper-Pertaining to Paper V & VI 60 6. Paper-IV Practical Paper-Pertaining to Paper VII & VIII 607. Internal assessment 80*

Total 500

* Internal Assessment will be sent by the host institution on the basis of marks obtained in internal tests, seminar, industrial visits, assignments etc as per the following scheme.

Internal Test (Average of Two) for theory: 8 x 4 = 32 marksTutorial 4 x 4 =16 marksAssignment 4 x 4 =16 marksAttendance 4 x 4 =16 marks

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IIIrd Semester

Sr. No. Subject/Paper Marks 1. Paper-IX Medical and Diagnostic Microbiology 75 2. Paper-X Mycobiotechnology and Phycobiotechnology 75 3. Paper-XI Environmental Microbiology 75 4. Paper-XII Techniques in Microbiology 755. Paper-V Practical Paper-Pertaining to Paper IX &X 606. Paper- VI Practical Paper-Pertaining to Paper XI & XII 60 7. Internal Assessment 80*

Total 500 * Internal Assessment will be sent by the host institution on the basis of marks obtained in internal tests, seminar, industrial visits, assignments etc as per the following scheme.

Internal Test (Average of Two) for theory: 8 x 4 = 32 marksAttendance 4 x 4 =16 marksAssignment 4 x 4 =16 marksIndustrial Visit =16 marks


IVth SemesterSr. No. Subject/Paper Marks 1. Paper-XIII Computers and Bioinformatics 752. paper-XIV Biostatistics 753. Paper-XV Recent advances in Microbiology 754. Practical Paper-VII Pertaining to theory Paper XIII & XIV 60 5. Project Work 140*6. Internal Assessment 75**

Total 500

* Out of these 140 marks, 100 marks for Project Report, 20 marks seminar and 20 marks for Viva to be conducted by the external examiner.

** Internal Assessment will be sent by the host institution on the basis of marks obtained in internal tests, seminar, industrial visits, assignments etc as per the following scheme.

Internal Test (Average of Two) for theory: 10 x 3 = 30 marksAttendance 5 x 3 = 15 marksSeminar 5 x 3 = 15 marksAssignment 5 x 3 = 16 marks

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M.Sc (Microbiology) Semester-IPaper-I - General Microbiology

Maximum Marks: 75 Lectures to be delivered: 45 HoursPass Marks: 35% (Each of 1 hour duration)

Time Allowed: 3 HoursINSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTERS

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will consists of four questions each from the respective sections of the syllabus and each such question will be of 11 marks. Section C will be compulsory and will cover the entire syllabus. Section C will include 13 short answer type questions of 2 marks each and 5 objective type questions (Fill ups, True/False, Matching type, One word substitution) of One mark each. Compulsory question will be of 31 marks in all.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATESCandidates are required to attempt two questions each form sections A and B of the question paper

and the entire section C which is compulsory.

Section-A1. Historical developments of microbiology, scope of microbiology, brief account of organization

and classification of microorganisms and salient features of bacteria, prokaryotic cell structure and its differences from eukaryotic cell.

2. Microscopy: Principle of bright field microscopy, dark field microscopy, fluorescence and immuno-flourescence microscopy, phase contrast and electron (transmission and scanning) microscopy and their applications in microbiology,. Staining of microorganisms

3. Growth and Reproduction of bacteria, population growth and its measurement, effect of environmental conditions (pH, temperature, aeration, etc.) continuous culture, diauxic growth, synchronous cultures.

4. Nutritional types of bacteria, types of media (selective media, differential media, assay and enrichment media), choice of media, Preservation and maintenance of Microorganisms by periodic transfer and cryo-preservation, Lyopholization

Section-B5. General account of prokaryotic genome, transformation (in-vivo and in-vitro transformation),

competent cells, in-vitro generation of competent cells. Mechanism of transformation and its role in molecular biology

6. Conjugation: F-factor, sex pili, Hfr cells, its mechanism and its role in development of multi drug resistance. Transduction: temperate phage and lysogenic cycle, mechanism of transduction, abortive transduction and its role in microbiology

7. Archaebacteria : Evolutionary trends in relation to archaebacteria, properties of archaebacteria, salient features and difference from eubacteria and eukaryotes, Detailed accounts of thermophiles, halophiles and methanogens, their biochemical and physiological adaptation, biotechnological aspects of extremophiles

8. General account on control of Microorganisms: Control of microbes by physical and chemical agents, Antibiotics: properties and mode of action. Drug resistance and its significance. Antibiotic sensitivity test.

Books Recommended:1. Stanier, R.Y. Adelberg, E.A. and Ingraham, J.L. (2004). General Microbiology, IV ed. Mac

Millan Press.2. Pelczer, M.J. Chan, E.C.S. and Krieg, N.R. (2003). Microbiology, V. ed. Mc. Graw Hill.3. Prescott. L.M. Harley J.P. and L. Kleig D.A. (2005). Microbiology, WCB Publishers.4. Alcamo, I.E. (2001) Fundamentals of Microbiology, John & Barlett Publishers

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M.Sc (Microbiology) Semester-IPaper-II - Bacteriology






Section-A1. History of bacteriology, Discovery of bacteria, Role of microorganisms in geochemical cycling,

transformation of organic and inorganic matter, development of microbiology2. Morphology and ultra structure of bacteria, morphological types, cell wall of Gram +ve and

Gram –ve bacteria, eukaryotes, L-form, Cell wall synthesis, capsules- types, composition and functions. Cell membranes- structure, composition and properties

3. Ultra structure and functions of flagella, cilia, pili, gas vesicle, chromosomes, carboxysomes, magnetosomes, phycobilisomes, endospore, capsules and S- layer

4. Reserve food materials- PHB, phosphate granules, oil droplets, cyanophycean granules and sulphur inclusions

Section-B5. Bacterial taxonomy based on DNA base homology, 16S rRNA gene sequence and DNA

hybridization.6. Classification of Microorganisms- Hackel`s three kingdom concept, Whittaker`s five kingdom

concept, Bergey`s system of Bacterial Classification: General features of Rickettisae, Mycoplasma, Actinomycetes/actinobacteria

7. Pathogenic Gram +ve bacteria and brief account on diseases caused by : Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, Mycobacteria,

8. Pathogenic Gram -ve bacteria and brief account on diseases caused by: Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella,Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas, Neisseria.

Books Recommended:1. Buchanan, R.E. and Gibbens, M.E. (2005) Bergey`s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Vol. I,

II, III & IV, Springer Publications2. Davis, B.D. Delbecco. R. Eisen, H.N. Ginsberg. H.S. and Wood, W.B. Jr. (2000) Microbiology,

Harper & Row Publishers3. Stanier, R.Y., Ingraham, J.L. Wheelis, M.L. and Painter, P.R. (2003). General Microbiology,

Mac. Millan Press Ltd. U.K.4. Black, J.G. (2004) Microbiology: Principles & Exploration. 4th Edition, Wiley Publishers

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M.Sc (Microbiology) Semester-IPaper-III - Virology






Section-A1. Historical account and development of virology, General characteristics, morphological

variations, envelope, capsid and nucleic acid of viruses, replication and classification of viruses.

2. Brief account of Viroids, Prions and interferon3. Assay of viruses, biophysical properties of viruses, plaque, pock method and direct count

method, Haeme-agglutination, serological and molecular based detection of viruses, use of electron microscopy in virology.

4. Phages: types, general properties of bacteriophage, detailed description of lambda, M13 phage and T2 phage, One Step growth. Isolation, purification and criteria of purity of viruses,

Section-B5. Plant Viruses- structure, replication and transmission of viruses (Insects, amphids, air,

water and soil, agricultural equipment, seeds, sap etc.)6. Viral diseases associated with wheat, rice, okra, potato, tobacco and cotton, their

symptoms, mode of infections & multiplication, control.7. Epidemiology, life cycles, pathogenecity, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of RNA

Viruses: Picorna, Orthomyxo viruses, Paramyxoviruses, HIV and Oncogeneic viruses 8. Epidemiology, life cycles, pathogenecity, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of DNA

Viruses: herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, adenoviruses and pox virus

Books Recommended:1. Davis, B.D. Delbecco.R. Eisen, H.N. Ginsberg. H.S. and Wood, W.B. Jr.(2004).

Microbiology, Second edition.Volume –II, Harper & Row. 2. Cann, Allanj. 1997. Principles of Molecular Virology, Academic Press London. 3. Mathews REF 1998. Plant Virology, Academic Press, London.4. Paniker, CJK (2005) A textbook of Microbiology, 7th Edition5. Flint, SJ; Enquist, LW; Skalka, AMK (2000) Principles of Virology; molecular biology,

pathogenesis and control.

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M.Sc. (Microbiology) Semester-IPaper -IV -Microbial Metabolism and Biochemistry






Section-A1. Introduction to microbial physiology, bio-energetics, basic concepts, enthalpy, entropy,

Gibb`s free energy, Redox pairs in energy production, transport system (Passive, facilitated and active)

2. Metabolism- Anabolism and catabolism, permeation of molecules through vital membranes (ionic influx and proton conducting channels (PPC) for intracellular polymerization of macromolecules

3. Enzymes: Nature, properties, nomenclature and classification of enzymes, co-enzymes, enzymes regulation and its inhibition, factor effecting enzyme activity

4. Proteins: Classification, Structure (Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure) and functions.

Section-B5. Photosynthesis (Photophysical, photochemical and biochemical phases) with

particular reference to photoautotrophic microbes 6. Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, ETC (Complex I, II, III and IV)

Chemi-osmosis and ATP generation, Gluconeogensis, ED pathway, Pentose Phosphate pathway and glyoxylate cycle.

7. Fatty acids: alpha and beta oxidation of fatty acids, DE- NOVO synthesisAmino acids: catabolism of amino acids, urea cycle, synthesis of aromatic amino acids

8. Nucleic Acids: Structure of purine and pyrimidines, nucleosides and nucleotides, biosynthesis of nucleotides

Books Recommended:1. Champe, PC and Harvey, RA (1994) Biochemistry, 2nd Edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins2. Nelson, DL and Cox, MM (2005) Principles of Biochemistry, 4th Edition, WH Freeman and Co.3. Moat, A and Foster, JW (2004) Microbial Physiology, 4th edition, wiley-liss publications

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M.Sc (Microbiology) Semester-IPractical Paper-I: General Microbiology & Bacteriology

Time 4hrs Max Marks 601. Introduction to general equipments (autoclave, BOD incubator, hot air oven, laminar air

flow, pH meter, colony counter) used in microbiology lab2. Staining Techniques (Simple staining, Gram’s staining, Spore staining, Capsule staining,

Acid fast staining).3. Media preparation and its sterilization 4. Isolation and enumeration of bacteria from soil by serial dilution and agar plating method5. To study morphology of bacteria isolated from soil sample6. Determination of cell size of different microorganisms.7. Determination of cell count by SPC method and DMC method.8. Microbiological Quality of Water.9. To isolate fungi and yeast from various sources and study their morphology.10. To study the diauxic growth.11. Calculation of generation time and growth rate of bacterial culture.

M.Sc (Microbiology) Semester-IPractical Paper II -Virology & Microbial Metabolism and Biochemistry

Time 4hrs Max Marks 601. Isolation and enumeration of bacteiophage from sewerage water2. To study symptoms of viral infection in plants3. To check the purity of DNA using UV-Vis spectrophotometer4. Demonstration of agarose gel electrophoresis.5. Demonstration of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis 6. To study the effect of temperature on the growth of bacteria/ yeast7. To study the effect of pH on the growth of bacteria/ yeast8. To study the effect of salt concentration on the growth of bacteria/ yeast9. To study the effect of UV radiations on the growth of bacteria/ yeast10. Qualitative estimation of carbohydrates11. Quantitative estimation of carbohydrates by DNS method12. Quantitative estimation of carbohydrates by anthrone method13. Quantitative estimation of proteins by Biuret method14. Quantitative estimation of proteins by Folin-Lowery`s method15. To perform various biochemical tests of bacteria: Acid and gas production from sugars,

gelatin liquefaction, starch hydrolysis, casein hydrolysis, nitrate reduction, indole production, H2S production, methyl red test, Vogues Proskauer test, citrate utilization, catalase activity, urea activity, oxidase activity.

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M.Sc. (Microbiology) Semester-IIPaper V-Immunology






Section-A1. History of immunology, composition and function of cells and organ system involved in

immune system; host parasite relationship. Microbial infections: virulence and host resistance

2. Immune response, Innate and Acquired Immunity3. Antigens- structure and properties, types, adjuvants- antigen specificity, vaccines and

toxoids4. Immunoglobins- structure, types and, properties, Complement- structure, components and

properties, functions, complement pathways and biological consequences of complement activation. Monoclonal antibodies

5 In-vivo and in- vitro methods: Agglutination, precipitation, complement fixation, immunoflurescence, ELISA, Radio immunoassay

Section-B6. Structure and functions of MHC and HLA system.HLA and tissue transplantation, tissue

typing methods, graft versus host reaction and rejection7. Autoimmunity- theories, mechanisms and diseases with their diagnosis, Generation of

antibody diversity9. Hypersensitivity reactions: Antibody-mediated Type –I, Anaphylaxis, Type-II- Antibody

dependent cell cytotoxicity, Type III- Immune complex mediated reactions10. Type IV- Cell mediated hypersensitivity reactions, defects in immune system: Primary

and secondary defects, defects in complement, defective phagocyte mechanisms.

Books Recommended:1. Kuby, J. (1992), Immunology, W.H.Freeman, USA.2. Paul,W.E. (1991), Immunology: Recognition and Response, W.H. Freeman, New

York.3. Rao, V( 2006) Immunology, Narosa Publishers4. Playfair, J.H.L. (1992), Immunology at a Glance (5th ed.), Blackwell Scientific

Publication, Oxford.5. Roitt, I.M, Brostoff, J. and Male, D. (1989), Immunology, 2nd ed. G.M. Publ.,

New York.

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M.Sc. (Microbiology) Semester-IIPaper VI- Genetic Engineering & Molecular Biology





and the entire section C which is compulsory.Section-A

1. Nucleic acids: structure and function of DNA and RNA, DNA replication, 2. Transcription and Translation 3. Gene expression and its regulation, Concept of operon, lac, trp and ara Operons 4. Molecular genetics: structural and functional genomics, proteomics

Section-B5. Mutagenesis, types of mutants and mutagenic agents, role of mutants in microbial and

molecular genetics, DNA damage and repair6. Molecular mechanism of recombination, proteins involved in recombination,

Transposons, its types and mechanism of transposition. 7. Molecular cloning; techniques and their importance, cloning vectors; plasmid stability

and in-compatibility, properties and uses, selection and characterization of clones, gene probes, labeling.

8. PCR: principle, types (Basic, Hot start, RT PCR, real time PCR, Nested PCR) and their role in molecular biology

Books Recommended1. Friefelder, D., Maloy, S.R. and Cronana, J.E. 1994. Microbial Genetics, IInd edition,

Jones and Barlett Publishers.2. Lewin, B. 2008. Gene VIII. Oxford Univ. Press.3. Malacinski, G.M. & Friefelder, D. 1993. Essentials of Molecular Biology, IInd Edition.

Jones and Bartlett Publishers.4. Synder, L. and Champness W., 1997. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, ASM Press.5. Brown, TA (2002) Genomics, 2nd edition BIOS Scientific Publishers LTD.6. Klug and Cummings (2000) Concepts of Genetics, 6th edition, Prentics Hall, New Jersy

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M.Sc. (Microbiology) Semester-IIPaper VII- Industrial Microbiology






Section-A1. Importance of industrial microbiology, isolation and screening of microbes with unique

properties, raw materials of industrial importance, medium formulation2. Process Technology: Fermentation and bioreactor design, fermentation parameters and their

optimization, reaction kinetics 3. Important microbial products, technology for production of beer, wine and alcohol, organic acids

( Citric acid and Itanoic acid), lactam antibiotics ( Pencillin and Streptomycin)4. Industrial enzymes- Amylases, proteinases and celllulases, Amino acid production- Glutamic acid

and lysine production, Microbial oxidative transformation of substrates

Section-B5. Immobilized enzymes for production of HFCS, 6-APA and acrylamide 6. Treatment of industrial effluents (penicillin/alcohol industry) using activated sludge and

anaerobic treatment options7. Recombinant protein expression with E.coli and fermentation. Expression in yeast Pichia

pastoris, production of therapeutic proteins i.e. recombinant vaccines8. Purification of recombinant proteins,: Expression of fusion protein, formation of inclusion bodies,

production of Chymosin (Renin) in E.coli

Books Recommended:1. Stansbury and Whittaker(2003) Principles of Fermentation Technology, Pergamon Press.2. W. Crueger and A. Crueger Biotechnology 2nd Edition. (1992) Panima Publishers.3. Moo Young Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol III and IV (1984) Pergamon Press.4. Prave, E (2004) Fundamental of Biotechnology. Panima Publishing Corporation5. Patel, AH (2006) Industrial Microbiology. Macmillian Press India Ltd.

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M.Sc. (Microbiology) Semester-II Paper VIII- Food Microbiology





and the entire section C which is compulsory.Section-A

1. Food as substrate for microorganisms: Microorganisms important in food microbiology-moulds, yeast and bacteria, their importance, principles of food preservation,

2. Asepsis- removal of microorganisms (anaerobic, high temperature, low temperature and drying), Factors influencing microbial growth in food- Extrinsic and intrinsic factors, chemical preservatives and food additives, canning

3. Contamination and Spoilage: Cereals, sugar products, vegetables, fruits, milk and milk products, fish and sea foods, poultry, spoilage of canned food, detection of spoilage and characterization

4. Food borne infection and intoxications: (bacterial and non- bacterial) Brucella, Bacillus, Clostridium, Escherichia, Salmonella, Shieglla, Staphylococcus, Vibrio, Yersinia and Aspergillus

Section-B5. Laboratory testing procedures; preventive measures- food sanitation in manufacture and

retail trade; food control agencies and its regulations, plant sanitation- Employee’s health standards

6. Waste treatment- disposal and quality control, ISO and HACCP system7. Food fermentations: Bread, Cheese, Vinegar, fermented vegetables, fermented dairy

products8. Oriental fermented foods: Mycoproteins, tempeh, Soya sauce, idli, natto and poi.

Book Recommended:1) Frazier and Klesthoff (2004) Food Microbiology2) James,MJ(2005) Modern Food Microbiology, 4th edition3) Adams, MR and Moss, MO (2003) Food Microbiology

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M.Sc (Microbiology) Semester-IIPractical Paper III- Pertaining to theory paper V (Immunology) & theory paper VI-

Genetic Engineering and molecular biologyTime 4hrs Max Marks 60

1. Isolation of genomic DNA from bacteria2. Isolation of plasmid DNA from bacteria3. To perform Agrose gel electrophoresis4. To perform SDS- PAGE5. Generation of Competent cells and study the transformation using plasmid6. PCR amplification of 16S rDNA gene of bacteria7. Restriction digestion of genomic DNA and amplified DNA8. RNA isolation from dry yeast cells9. To perform TLC and DLC10. ESR determination 11. To Perform ELISA12. To perform Double Immuno Diffusion

M.Sc. (Microbiology) Semester-IIPractical Paper IV- Pertaining to theory paper VII (Industrial Microbiology) & theory

paper VIII-Food MicrobiologyTime 4hrs Max Marks 60

1. Determination of Iodine number of given fat sample2. To determine fat, SNF, TSS of the given milk sample3. To determine acidity of food sample4. Isolation of Salmonella from given food samples5. To perform wine production6. To study amylase production and its estimation7. Citric acid production and its estimation8. Sauerkraut production9. Determination of TDT of given sample10. To check the quality of milk sample using MBRT test11. To check the standard plate count of given food sample

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Documents

Faculty of Life Sciences - Punjabi University Session 201… · Web viewHistory of bacteriology, Discovery of bacteria, Role of microorganisms in geochemical cycling, transformation