Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do PortoLínguas e Literaturas Modernas

INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION STUDIES

Power Point 11

28 Novem28 November 2007

Work in pairs and decide:Work in pairs and decide:

Who wrote the message?Who wrote the message? For whom?For whom? Where?Where? When?When? Why? Why?

This Is Just to Say This Is Just to Say

I have eatenI have eatenthe plumsthe plumsthat were inthat were inthe iceboxthe icebox

and which and which you were probablyyou were probablysavingsavingfor breakfastfor breakfast

Forgive meForgive methey were deliciousthey were deliciousso sweetso sweetand so coldand so cold

William Carlos Williams, "This is Just to Say" from William Carlos Williams, "This is Just to Say" from The Collected Poems of William Carlos Williams, The Collected Poems of William Carlos Williams, Volume I, 1909-1939Volume I, 1909-1939, edited by Christopher MacGowan. Copyright © 1938, 1944, 1945 by New , edited by Christopher MacGowan. Copyright © 1938, 1944, 1945 by New Directions Publishing Corporation. Used by permission of the publishers.Directions Publishing Corporation. Used by permission of the publishers.http://www.favoritepoem.org/poems/williams/http://www.favoritepoem.org/poems/williams/

The same text as poem: The same text as poem: different choicesdifferent choices

Different context (author, audience, Different context (author, audience, situation)situation)

Different purpose/functionDifferent purpose/function Different reading/interpretationDifferent reading/interpretation Different TT objectives (skopoi)Different TT objectives (skopoi)

• Poem is to be translated for publication in a Poem is to be translated for publication in a collection of poems by modernist writers;collection of poems by modernist writers;

• Poem is to be translated for a lecture on W.C. Poem is to be translated for a lecture on W.C. Williams (given in Portuguese to an audience Williams (given in Portuguese to an audience who is not familar with the English language) who is not familar with the English language) and distributed as handout to serve as a and distributed as handout to serve as a window onto the originalwindow onto the original

Ao sermos apresentados ao “mesmo” Ao sermos apresentados ao “mesmo” fragmento, agora rotulado de fragmento, agora rotulado de poemapoema, o , o que antes era prosaico passa a ser que antes era prosaico passa a ser poético. Como leitores do poema, poético. Como leitores do poema, membros de uma comunidade cultural membros de uma comunidade cultural para a qual o texto se enquadra dentro para a qual o texto se enquadra dentro das convenções literárias estabelecidas, das convenções literárias estabelecidas, aceitamos o desafio implícito de aceitamos o desafio implícito de interpretá-lo interpretá-lo poeticamentepoeticamente e passamos a e passamos a procurarprocurar um sentido coerente para ele. um sentido coerente para ele. Passamos a pensar, por exemplo, nas Passamos a pensar, por exemplo, nas possíveis implicações da oposição entre o possíveis implicações da oposição entre o acto de comer as ameixas e as relações acto de comer as ameixas e as relações sociais que esse ato viola. Oposição essa sociais que esse ato viola. Oposição essa que não se resolve pacificamente:que não se resolve pacificamente:

ao mesmo tempo em que o poema, pela ao mesmo tempo em que o poema, pela sua própria razão de ser, reconhece a sua própria razão de ser, reconhece a prioridade das regras, através do pedido prioridade das regras, através do pedido de perdão, afirma também que a de perdão, afirma também que a experiência sensual imediata é importante experiência sensual imediata é importante (principalmente pelas suas últimas (principalmente pelas suas últimas palavras “so sweet and so cold”) e que as palavras “so sweet and so cold”) e que as relações pessoais (a relação entre o relações pessoais (a relação entre o II e o e o youyou) devem antecipar um espaço para tal ) devem antecipar um espaço para tal experiência.experiência.Enquanto que a tradução do texto/bilhete Enquanto que a tradução do texto/bilhete não nos trouxe maiores dificuldades, a não nos trouxe maiores dificuldades, a tradução do texto/poema nos obrigaria a tradução do texto/poema nos obrigaria a tomar várias decisões nada fáceis.tomar várias decisões nada fáceis.Rosemary Arrojo, Rosemary Arrojo, Oficina de TraduçãoOficina de Tradução

1970s and 1980s: Germany1970s and 1980s: GermanyFunctionalist and communicative Functionalist and communicative

approaches to translationapproaches to translation Katharina Reiss – Katharina Reiss – Möglichkeiten und Möglichkeiten und

Grenzen der ÜbersetzungskritikGrenzen der Übersetzungskritik, 1971, 1971

Hans Vermeer and Katharina Reiss – Hans Vermeer and Katharina Reiss – Grundlegungen einer allgemeiner Grundlegungen einer allgemeiner TranslationstheorieTranslationstheorie, 1984, 1984

Justa Holz-Mänttäri - Justa Holz-Mänttäri - Translatorisches Translatorisches Handeln: Theorie und MethodeHandeln: Theorie und Methode, 1984, 1984

Major shift in TS

Douglas Robinson, BAT, p. 192Douglas Robinson, BAT, p. 192

ThesisThesis: Translation involves far more : Translation involves far more than finding target-language than finding target-language equivalents for source-language equivalents for source-language words or phrases; it also involves words or phrases; it also involves dealing with clients, agencies, dealing with clients, agencies, employers; networking, researching, employers; networking, researching, use of technology; and generally an use of technology; and generally an awareness of the role translation awareness of the role translation plays in society and society plays in plays in society and society plays in translation.translation.

Douglas Robinson, BAT, p. 192Douglas Robinson, BAT, p. 192

Until the late 1970s, with the rise of Until the late 1970s, with the rise of polysystems theory, the mid-1980s polysystems theory, the mid-1980s with the rise of skopos/Handlung with the rise of skopos/Handlung theory, and the late 1980s and early theory, and the late 1980s and early 1990s, with the rise of postcolonial 1990s, with the rise of postcolonial theory, virtually no one thought of theory, virtually no one thought of translation translation asas essentially a social essentially a social activity. activity.

Focus in this lesson Focus in this lesson and next lessonand next lesson

Functional translation theoryFunctional translation theory

Handlung (action) translation Handlung (action) translation theorytheory

SkopostheorieSkopostheorie

Katharina Reiss, Hans Vermeer, Katharina Reiss, Hans Vermeer, Holz-MänttäriHolz-Mänttäri

We will now work together at producing We will now work together at producing the next slides in this Power Point the next slides in this Power Point presentation.presentation.

Search the web and your books and note Search the web and your books and note the most important apects of the above the most important apects of the above authors’ work. Make notes and remember authors’ work. Make notes and remember to be prepared to give your contribution to to be prepared to give your contribution to this collaborative learning task.this collaborative learning task.