Upload
shanon-shields
View
215
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Factors Regulating the Size-Resolved Production and Composition of
Nascent Marine Aerosols
William C. Keene1, Amanda Frossard2, Michael S. Long1, John R. Maben1, Lynn M. Russell2, David J. Kieber3, Joanna Kinsey3,
Timothy S. Bates4, and Patricia Quinn4
1University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA United States2University of California, San Diego, CA United States
3State University of New York, Syracuse, NY United States4NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA United States
Particle Formation
Film Droplets
Jet Droplets
Particle Formation
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Diameter (mm)
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1500
1000
500
0dV
/dlo
gD
p (m
m3
cm-3)
d
N/d
log
Dp (
cm-3)
Conversion Factors
Number Concentration to Number Flux
Flux (cm-2 s-1) = Conc. (cm-3) * Detrain Velocity (cm s-1)
= Conc. (cm-3) * 2.47 cm s-1
Bubble Rate to Air Detrainment Flux
Detrain Flux (L m-2 s-1) = Bubble Rate (L min-1) / Area (m2) / 60 s min-1
= Bubble Rate (L min-1) * 0.514 min s-1 m-2
18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 0:00
Time, hh:mm UTC, 2 June 2010
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Num
ber
Flux
(<1
um
GM
D),
cm
-2 s
ec-1
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Num
ber
Flux
(>1
um
GM
D),
cm
-2 s
ec-1
>1 um GMD @ 80% RH<1 um GMD @ 80% RH
Number Production Flux
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Bubble Rate, L min-1 @ STP
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Bub
ble
Plum
e V
ol (
@ a
mbi
ent T
P), L
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Fine (D) FritsCoarse (A) Frit
Bubble Plume Volume versus Bubble RateAverage Injection Depth ~1.21 m; Volume of Model Ocean - 38L
Number Size Distributions in Head Space
0.01 0.1 1 10
Geometric Mean Diameter (Dry), um
1E+1
1E+2
1E+3
1E+4
1E+5
dN /
dLog
(Dp)
, cm
-3
Fine (D) Frits
0.01 0.1 1 10
Geometric Mean Diameter (Dry), um
1E+1
1E+2
1E+3
1E+4
1E+5
dN /
dLog
(Dp)
, cm
-3
Coarse (A) Frit
0.01 0.1 1 10
Geometric Mean Diameter (Dry), um
1E+1
1E+2
1E+3
1E+4
1E+5
dN /
dLog
(Dp)
, cm
-3
1 Jet
0.01 0.1 1 10
Geometric Mean Diameter (Dry), um
1E+1
1E+2
1E+3
1E+4
1E+5
dN /
dLog
(Dp)
, cm
-3
2 Jets
Number Production Flux vs. Air Detrainment Flux
0 1 2 3 4
Air Detrainment Flux, L m-2 sec-1
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
Nu
mb
er F
lux
(<
1 u
m G
MD
), c
m-2
sec
-1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Nu
mb
er F
lux
(>
1 u
m G
MD
), c
m-2
sec
-1
<1 um GMD (16 May)>1 um GMD (16 May)<1 um GMD (24 May)>1 um GMD (24 May)<1 um GMT (25 May)>1um GMD (25 May)<1 um GMD (27 May)>1 um GMD (27 May)
Coarse (A) Frit
0 1 2 3 4
Air Detrainment Flux, L m-2 sec-1
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
Nu
mb
er F
lux
(<
1 u
m G
MD
), c
m-2
sec
-1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Nu
mb
er F
lux
(>
1 u
m G
MD
), c
m-2
sec
-1
<1 um GMD (15 May)>1 um GMD (15 May)<1 um GMD (24 May)>1 um GMD (24 May)<1 um GMT (25 May)>1um GMD (25 May)<1 um GMD (27 May)>1 um GMD (27 May)
Fine (D) Frits
Number Size Distributions, UVA Generator vs. PMEL SeaSweep
Number Production Flux vs. Seawater Characteristics
18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 0:00
Time, hh:mm UTC, 2 June 2010
0
10
20
30
SST,
deg
C; S
alin
ty, p
su
0
10
20
30
Chl
a, u
g L
SSTSalinityChl a
Sea-surface Temperature, Salintiy, and Chl a
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Chl a, ug L-1
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Sub-
um N
umbe
r Flu
x, cm
-2 se
c-1
Sub-um Number Flux at 80% RH vs. Chl a
18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 0:00
Time, hh:mm UTC, 2 June 2010
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Num
ber F
lux
(<1
um G
MD
), cm
-2 se
c-1
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Num
ber F
lux
(>1
um G
MD
), cm
-2 se
c-1
>1 um GMD @ 80% RH<1 um GMD @ 80% RH
Number Production Flux
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Chl a, ug L-1
0
100
200
300
400
500
Supe
r-um
Num
ber F
lux,
cm
-2 s
ec-1
Super-um Number Flux @ 80% RH vs. Chl a
21:36 22:48 0:00 1:12 2:24 3:36
Time, hh:mm UTC, 6-7 June 2010
0
5000
10000
15000
Num
ber
Flux
(<1
um
GM
D),
cm
-2 s
ec-1
0
100
200
300
400
500
Num
ber
Flux
(>1
um
GM
D),
cm
-2 s
ec-1
<1 um GMT w/ seawater on<1 um GMD w/ seawater off>1 um GMD w/ seawater on>1um GMD w/ seawater off
Aerosol Production Flux w/ Seawater On and Off
Summary• Bubble plume volume was inversely correlated with bubble size.
• Bubbles within plumes evolved towards similar size.
• Upon bursting, bubbles injected artificially through coarse and fine frits produced similar size-resolved number concentrations.
• Resulting number production fluxes were linearly correlated with air detrainment fluxes.
• Relative to frits, number fluxes produced by bubbles from jets were shifted towards larger size fractions.
• Relative size distributions produced in the UVA generator were similar to those produced with the PMEL SeaSweep.
• Number fluxes were inversely correlated with chl-a during some periods suggesting an important direct link between biogenic surfactants and the physics of marine aerosol production.
• When the air-sea interface was not cycled, the accumulation of bubble rafts attenuated aerosol production significantly.
Acknowledgements
NSF Chemical Oceanography ProgramUniversity of VirginiaUniversity of California, San DiegoState University of New York, Syracuse
Department of EnergyUniversity of Virginia
UCSD- PNNL ACCI (Aerosol Chemistry and Climate Institute)
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationPacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
The PMEL crew
The captain and crew of the R/V Atlantis
Panels to Replace Those in the Side 3
0.01 0.1 1 10
Geometric Mean Diameter (Dry), um
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
dF
n /
dL
og(D
p),
cm
-2 s
ec-1 Detrain Air = 4.2 L m-2 sec-1Detrain Air = 2.7 L m-2 sec-1Detrain Ari = 1.6 L m-2 sec-1
Dry Number Flux (Fine D Frits)
0.01 0.1 1 10
Geometric Mean Diameter (Dry), um
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
dFv
/ dL
og(D
p), u
m3
cm-2
sec
-1
Dry Volume Flux (Fine D Frits)