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1
FACTORS INFLUENCING
TOURISM IN THE
CARIBBEAN
Form 5 Term 1
Ann Maureen Samm-Regis
2
FACTORS INFLUENCING TOURISM
IN THE CARIBBEAN
1. Favourable climate and weather
2. Accessibility by sea and air
3. Favourable exchange rate
4. Adequate infrastructure
5. Proper sanitation and health
6. Safety and security
7. Marketing and Promotion
8. Supply of tourists / conditions in supply countries
3
1. CLIMATE AND WEATHER
Tropical climate: Daily average of
26ºC (range 20ºC – 32ºC)
Absence of strong winds especially
during the dry season facilitates
aquatic sports e.g. diving, skiing,
boating, sailing, fishing, swimming
Existence of Tropical Rainforests
which support eco-tourism (attracts
nature-lovers from around the world)
4
2. ACCESSIBILITY
The Caribbean Region is strategically located between 10ºN - 23ºN latitude and 60ºW - 85ºW longitude
The Caribbean is accessible by sea or air to tourists from countries to the north and the south The Caribbean attracts approximately 50% of
the international cruise liners. Many Caribbean countries own and operate
airlines (LIAT, Caribbean Airlines). International airlines also service the region:
British Airways, COPA airlines, Air Canada and American Airlines.
ACCESSIBILITY
The host country has to be easily
accessible to tourists with direct
flights, easy transfers, and flights
and to be reasonably priced.
5
6
ACCESSIBILITY
Airports and seaports are constantly being upgraded to accommodate large aircraft and cruise ships
National and regional airlines are diversifying their routes
Travel agencies provide information and flight schedules
Immigration requirements: valid driver’s licenses, visas, permits, a return ticket, custom duties, health requirements (immunizations / vaccinations)
7
3. THE EXCHANGE RATE
Tourists from most developed countries
find the foreign exchange rates of
Caribbean countries to be very
attractive.
Favourable exchange rates make the
cost of their vacations cheaper.
8
4. INFRASTRUCTURE
Caribbean governments provide special facilities needed by tourists:-
Airports
Seaports
Accommodation
Transport facilities on land
Reliable infrastructural facilities (electricity, water, communication networks)
9
TRANSPORTATION AND TOURISM
Transportation is necessary for sightseeing tours etc.
Local taxi drivers
Tour operators
Car rental firms
Public transport
Some countries provide tourists with free road maps at the airports, train stations, bus depots etc.
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Many tourists book their holidays online
so it is important that the host country
makes its products available on the
internet. Communications technology
makes it much easier for hotels,
attractions, and other local services to
sell their products directly to people in
other countries and regions.
Through the internet tourists and
suppliers can supply instant feedback. 10
11
SANITATION AND HEALTH
A healthy, clean and well-kept
environment is another factor which
influences the development of
tourism in a country.
12
SAFETY AND SECURITY
Most tourists consider freedom from danger and harassment as key determinants in their choice of destination. They prefer countries with low levels of crime and violence.
The Caribbean has a reputation as a relatively safe and peaceful region:
Stable political climate
Democratically elected governments
Good governance
Maintenance of law and order
MARKETING AND PROMOTION
The host country needs to promote
itself in the supply country and
tourists need to be aware of the host
country and what it has to offer.
Detailed information about
transport, accommodation,
attractions, facilities, and costs
should be available on the internet.
13
14
ACCOMMODATION
The Caribbean offers a wide variety of accommodation options. Type chosen depends on:
length and purpose of the visit
cost of the accommodation
services provided by the establishment
Includes:
All-inclusive resorts
Hotels which provide entertainment, restaurant facilities, and tour information
Apartment hotels
Villas / Cottages / Lodges / Guest houses / B&B (Bed and Breakfast)
Excursionists and yachties do not need accommodation.
15
FOOD AND BEVERAGES
Tastefully prepared food and beverages enhance the tourists’ stay
Our varied ancestry and our unusual fruits and vegetables have resulted in diverse and delicious Caribbean food. Our dishes are influenced by West Africa, India, China, Europe, and the Middle East
Seafood
A variety of Caribbean rums and liquers.
SHOPPING
Streets, malls, boutiques, duty-free shops, etc.
Most tourists purchase: Jewelry
Souvenirs
Clothing
Glassware
Liquor
Paintings
Sculpture
Perfume
Local crafts
17
ENTERTAINMENT
Many hotels showcase local singers
and cultural groups
Sightseeing tours
Sporting activities
Street cookouts
Casino gambling
18
TOURISTS BY MAIN MARKETS
19
FACTORS OPERATING IN
COUNTRIES OF SUPPLY
20
FACTORS OPERATING IN COUNTRIES
OF SUPPLY
Income:
high employment rates, high standard of living, paid vacation, early retirement, two-income families
Favourable exchange rate:
Cheap, affordable vacations
Climate: freezing winters
Accessibility/transport
Marketing: Caribbean governments vigorously market the region through brochures, magazines, videos, the internet etc
21
TOURISM’S
CONTRIBUTION TO
CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES
22
TOURISM’S CONTRIBUTION TO
CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES
Foreign exchange earnings
Job creation
Development of infrastructure
Linkages and leakages
Yachties
23
TOURISM’S CONTRIBUTION TO CARIBBEAN
COUNTRIES: FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNINGS
Approximately US$ 11.4 billion was earned by Caribbean countries in the year 1993 from services provided to tourists such as:
Travel
Accommodation
Food
Purchase of souvenirs
Sightseeing
Departure taxes
Tips
24
TOURISM’S CONTRIBUTION TO
CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES: JOB
CREATION
The Caribbean Tourism
Organization estimates that tourism
provides direct and indirect
employment for approximately
500,000 persons in the region.
1. Which of the
following is NOT a
requirement of host
countries?
A. Easy accessibility
B. Quality
accommodation
C. Beautiful beaches
D. An organised
tourist industry
2. Which of the
following is most likely
to deter tourists from
travelling somewhere?
A. Direct flights
B. High crime rates
C. Long flights
D. Expensive taxis
25
3. The government
suffers from severe
corruption of officials at
all levels. To which of
the following does this
statement refer?
A. Political
instability
B. Poor
infrastructure
C. Maintenance of
law and order
D. Poor governance
4. Tourists in the supply
country need all of the
following EXCEPT:
A. Access to the
internet
B. Sufficient disposable
income
C. A perception of the
host country as safe
and secure
D. Detailed information
about what the host
country offers26
5. Modern
communications
technology has made it
much easier for which
particular group to
promote their tourism
services overseas?
A. Large multinational
companies
B. Regional
organisations
C. Small hotels and
tour operators
D. National tourism
boards 27
6. Complete the Venn
diagram below to note the
factors which influence
tourism development in the
host country, the supply
country, or both.
Host
CountrySupply
Country
Both
tourists aware of the
host country and what
it can offer
Communications
technology,
flights reasonably
priced,
detailed information
about products on the
internet
tourists have disposable
income,
Political stability, easily
accessible, direct flights,
Easy transfers, good quality
and reasonably priced,
organised tourist industry,
advertise and promote,
safe and secure,
low levels of crime and
violence, adequate and safe
infrastructure,
modern telecommunication
strong currency28
29
Topic 2 Factors influencing tourism development in the Caribbean
1 C 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 C
6 Factors that influence tourism development
Supply country:
Host country:
Political stability, easily accessible, direct flights,
Easy transfers, good quality and reasonably priced,
organised tourist industry, advertise and promote, safe and secure,
low levels of crime and violence, adequate and safe infrastructure,
modern telecommunication
Both
Communications technology, flights reasonably priced, detailed
information about products on the internet