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Wednesday, July 11, 2007

Vent and flare stack are used dispose waste gas in safeand enviroment friendly manner. Flare stack is probablypreferred as compare to vent stack if the release fluidcontain HC from environmental point of view e.g. impactto greenhouse effect for 1 mole of C1 is about 20 times of1 mole of CO2. However, flare stack may be costly.

For a vent stack, at least 3 main criteria shall be met :

i) Toxic / flammable component well dispersed andmeeting health and safe level during Normal operation(Nor. Op.) and emergency situation (Emer. Op.). very

much subject to components / species in vent gas. Local regulations will probably indicatethe limits of various components. In additional, Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) willprobably indicate the limits. PHAST, FRED, etc can be used for dispersion study.

ii) Radiation due to ignition of lightning (Emer. Op.). In the event, vent gas is HC andpotentially ignited by lightning, radiation study shall be conducted to ensure radiation at thereceptor (human) point is meeting criteria e.g. 6.31 kW/m2. In addition to the radiation level,the temperature of receptor (equipment) shall not damage the equipment. FLARESIM,FRED, etc can be used for radiation study.

iii) Noise level at receptor meeting noise criteria during Normal operation (Nor. Op.) andemergency situation (Emer. Op.). Noise level at receptor (human) is meeting criteria e.g. 115dBA with background noise. Keeping in mind, some plant owner may impose more stringentrequirement i.e. 90 dBA @ receptor (human). FLARESIM, FRED, etc can be used for noisestudy.

If some spill over control PCV tie to vent header and release continuously into vent stack,fluid exit temperature may be a concern in some environment sensitive area.

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API 521 has recommended Mach = 0.5 and this value is probably a good start for ventdiameter determination. Vent stack height will subject to above criteria, location of ventstack, plant layout, wind speed, wind direction, etc. Modeling vent stack with inclusion ofvent diameter and height using software as mentioned will be conducted in order to ensuremeeting all criteria as mentioned earlier.

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