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Factors Affecting Climate Change. By: Aiman and Vaishnavi. What Is Climate Change?. Change in average ‘weather’ Everything associated to weather Temperature Precipitation Referred to on a global scale. Natural Causes. Solar output Ocean variability Continental drift Earth’s tilt - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE CHANGEBy: Aiman and Vaishnavi
WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE?
Change in average ‘weather’ Everything
associated to weather
Temperature Precipitation
Referred to on a global scale
NATURAL CAUSES
Solar output Ocean variability Continental drift Earth’s tilt Comets, meteorites Orbital modifications Volcano (dust and gas) Less snow and ice cover on
Earth
VOLCANOES
Large volumes of sulphur dioxide, water vapour, dust, ash in the atmosphere
Over the years: sulphur dioxide can reach higher levels of atmosphere Block sun rays leads to
cooling Sulphur dioxide combines
with water Forms droplets of sulphuric
acid Small droplets can stay in air
for several years
EARTH’S TILT
Causes seasons Controls severity of the
seasons More tilt = warmer
summers and cooler winters
Less tilt = cooler summers and milder winters
Earth’s axis not fixed Changes approx. half a
degree a century Causes changes in climate
OCEAN CURRENTS
Oceans cover approx. 71% of the Earth Absorb twice as much of sun’s radiation than
land Move a lot of heat across the planet Can change direction and slow down Escaped heat usually in the form of water
vapour (most abundant greenhouse gas) Forms on clouds shading the Earth’s surface
Has a cooling effect
CO
NTIN
EN
TAL
DR
IFT
•NEW ICE SHEETS•NEW VOLCANOES•NEW OCEANS
ANTHROPIC CAUSES
Increase in fossil fuel use (Industrial Revolution) Natural resources overused
(construction, industries, transport, consumption)
Clearing of land for houses Increases in dust and smog Changes in land use Increase in C02 emissions
and other green house gases Changes since industrial era
30% increase in C02
145% increase in CH4
15% increase in N20
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Natural system regulates Earth’s temperature
When sun rays hit Earth’s atmosphere, some reflected, others absorbed and later radiated into atmosphere
Some heat radiated to atmosphere does not escape to space Absorbed and trapped by atmospheric
gases (GHG’s)
Certain human activities disrupt balance of the system
More heat trapped in the atmosphere increase in Earth’s temperature
GREENHOUSE GASES
Produced by combustion of fossil fuels Energy-production Transportation Industry
Study of carbon flow through carbon cycle ½ of human-produced
C02 in atmosphere
ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES OF GREENHOUSE GASES
CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) Methane (CH4) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
CARBON DIOXIDE
Most important Burning of fossil fuels Uses of fossil fuels
Energy in transportation & manufacturing
Heating Electricity generation Industry
Rising emissions of C02 due to Land use Deforestation Land clearing agriculture
METHANE
Sources Rice farming Cattle ranching Decaying organic materials Sewage treatment plants Coal mining Natural gas extraction Deforestation
Slow smouldering of trees combustion reaction Released from landfills, waste dumps, oil drilling,
coal mining
NITROUS OXIDE
2/3 comes from management of livestock feed and waste
Nitrogen fertilizer usage Certain industrial
processes Fossil fuel use Emission partly from
fertilizers , leguminous plants such as beans and pulses
nitrogen to the soil.
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
Refrigerator agents Atmospheric levels
now decreasing due to international treaties Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
Sources of Greenhouse Gases in Canada
Sources of Greenhouse Gases in Agriculture
Bibliography
http://www.ccse-swcc.nb.ca/climat/CCAF/PEISCIA.pdf http://www.tutorvista.com/ks/factors-affecting-climate-chan
ge http://web.viu.ca/sc403/Global_Warming/page3.htm