FACT SHEET ON STATISTICS AND TRENDSIN ILLICIT DRUGS

1

Annual prevalence (%)*

Number of users (millions)*

All illicit drug use 5.3(3.3-7.3)

255(158-351)

Problem drug use** 0.6(0.3-0.9)

29.5(15.3-43.1)

Cannabis 3.8(2.7-4.9)

183.3(128.1-237.7)

Opioids(opiates and prescription opioids)

0.7(0.6-0.9)

35.0(28.3-42.7)

Opiates 0.37(0.27-0.49)

17.7(12.9-23.6)

Cocaine 0.35(0.27-0.46)

17.1(13.0-22.3)

Amphetamines 0.77(0.30-1.24)

37.0(14.5-59.7)

“Ecstasy” 0.45(0.19-0.71)

21.6(9.3-34.1)

2015 Global estimates of drug use

* The prevalence (%) and numbers have been rounded

** Those who engage in high risk consumption of drugs, e.g, people who inject drugs, use drugs on a daily basis and/or people diagnosed with drug use disorders based on clinical criteria contained in ICD-10 or DSM V.

2015 Joint UNODC/UNAIDS/WHO/World Bank estimates of people who inject drugs and living with HIV

Prevalence (%) Number of people (millions)

People who inject drugs 0.25(0.18-0.36)

11.8(8.6-17.4)

HIV among PWID 13.1 1.6(0.9-3.2)

Drug-related mortality

Rates of drug-related deaths per million population aged 15-64 years

39.6(24.0-47.7)

Number of drug-related deaths 190,900 (115,900-230,100)

2

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12 million people inject drugs

1.6 million people who inject drugs are living with HIV

6.1 million are living with hepatitis C1.3 million are living with both

hepatitis C and HIV

183

cannabis

35

opioids

18

opiates

Number of past-year users in 2015

17

cocaine

37

amphetamines & prescription stimulants

22

“ecstasy”

million million million

million millionmillion

3

FACT SHEET ON STATISTICS AND TRENDS IN ILLICIT DRUGS

10 million years of life lost as a result of disability caused by drug use

18 million years of life lost as a result of premature death caused by drug use

17 million DALYs attributed to drug use disorders

DALYsattributed

to drug use

28 million healthy years of life lost as a result of drug use17 million healthy years of life lost as a result of drug use disorders

+years of “healthy” life lost as a result

of disability=

years of life lost as a result of premature

death

drug usedisability

prematuredeath

years of life lost

birth expected life years

DALYs

28 million “healthy” years of life lost

drug use

0.2 million years lost as a result of disability2.8 million years lost as a result of premature death

DALYsattributed

to HIV

birth expectedlife years

drug use

DALYsattributed

to hepatitis Cbirth expected

life years

0.1 million years lost as a result of disability6.2 million years lost as a result of premature death

years oflife lost

years oflife lost

More years of "healthy" life lost (DALYs) as a result of hepatitis C than of HIV among people who use drugs

premature

death

premature

death

4

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+25% +19%

Higher rate of increase in the burden of disease from drug use disorders

among women than among men

2005 2015 2005 2015

222,000 hepatitis C deaths

60,000 HIV deaths

Among people who use drugs, more die from hepatitis C than from HIV

Past-year prevalence of drug use is higher in prison than among the general population

drug

use i

n p

rison

drug

use a

mong

the general population

20% 5.3%

5

FACT SHEET ON STATISTICS AND TRENDS IN ILLICIT DRUGS

OPIATES

=

Global cu lt ivat ion 8% Global se izures

Global product ion Global number of users

change from previous year change from previous year-5%

6,380 tonsof opium

change from previous year

2,080 tonsconsumed as opium

448 tonsof heroinproduced

2015

2015

2016

2016

heroin morphine

-54%morphine

11%opium heroin

34%

587tonsopium

9.6tons

80tons

opioi

d users

most

rece

nt estimate

opiat

e users

427,000 x304,800 ha

35 million

17.7 million

processedinto heroin

4,300 tons

Notes: Data on cultivation and production/manufacture refer to 2016. Data on seizures and numbers of users refer to 2015. Seizures of different substances are of varying purity. Estimates of cultivation and eradication of opium poppy, production of opium, manufacture of heroin and prevalence of opioids and opiates use are available in the annex of booklet 2.

6

WO

RLD

DRU

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EPO

RT 2

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Ma

p 1

M

ain

opia

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ckin

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ws,

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Sour

ces:

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es:

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low

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term

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7

FACT SHEET ON STATISTICS AND TRENDS IN ILLICIT DRUGS

COCAINE

=

Global cu lt ivat ion18%

156,500 ha

Global se izures

Global product ion Global number of users

change from previous year change from previous year

2015

2015

2015

2015

31%

change from previous year 19%

864tons

cocaine as seized

most r

ecen

t esti

mate (2015)

219,000 x

17.1 million1,125 tons

purecocaine

8

WO

RLD

DRU

G R

EPO

RT 2

017

Ma

p 2

M

ain

coca

ine

traf

ficki

ng fl

ows,

201

1-20

15

Sour

ce:

UN

OD

C e

labo

ratio

n, b

ased

on

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ual r

epor

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izur

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se.

Not

es:

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ficki

ng f

low

s ar

e de

term

ined

on

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basi

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ntry

of

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stin

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zed

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s as

rep

orte

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ber

Stat

es in

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ins

of t

he a

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are

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ufac

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of la

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s of

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indi

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and

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ws

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s as

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ber

Stat

es in

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and

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as

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, the

y ne

ed t

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as b

road

ly in

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tive

of e

xist

ing

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ng r

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s w

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ry f

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s m

ay n

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e re

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arr

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t th

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rect

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of

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ows

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of m

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r th

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nce,

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of a

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s in

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te e

ither

the

are

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con

sum

ptio

n or

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one

of

next

des

tinat

ion

of t

raff

icki

ng. T

heir

thic

knes

s re

pres

ents

the

qua

ntity

of

drug

tra

ffic

ked.

The

boun

darie

s sh

own

on t

his

map

do

not

impl

y of

ficia

l end

orse

men

t or

acc

epta

nce

by t

he U

nite

d N

atio

ns. D

ashe

d lin

es r

epre

sent

und

eter

min

ed b

ound

arie

s. T

he d

otte

d lin

e re

pres

ents

app

roxi

mat

ely

the

Line

of

Con

trol

in J

amm

u an

d K

ashm

ir ag

reed

upo

n by

Indi

a an

d Pa

kist

an. T

he f

inal

sta

tus

of J

amm

u an

d K

ashm

ir ha

s no

t ye

t be

en a

gree

d up

on b

y th

e pa

rtie

s. T

he f

inal

bou

ndar

y be

twee

n th

e Su

dan

and

Sout

h Su

dan

has

not

yet

been

det

erm

ined

. A d

ispu

te e

xist

s be

twee

n th

e G

over

nmen

ts o

f A

rgen

tina

and

the

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

of

Gre

at B

ritai

n an

d N

orth

ern

Irela

nd c

once

rnin

g so

vere

ignt

y ov

er t

he F

alkl

and

Isla

nds

(Mal

vina

s).

M

ain

traf

ficki

ng

O

ther

tra

ffic

king

Mos

t fr

eque

ntly

men

tione

d co

untr

ies

of p

rove

nanc

e as

rep

orte

d by

cou

ntrie

s

w

here

coc

aine

sei

zure

s to

ok p

lace

9

FACT SHEET ON STATISTICS AND TRENDS IN ILLICIT DRUGS

CANNABIS

Global number of userschange from previous yearG lobal se izures

1,536tons

cannabis resin

5,781tons

6%herb resin-2%

cannabis herb20152015

183 millionNote: Data refer to 2015. Estimates of illicit cultivation, production and eradication of cannabis and prevalence of cannabis use are avail-able in the annex of booklet 2

10

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RLD

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RT 2

017

SYNTHETIC DRUGS

Global se izures

Global number of users

change from previous year

methamphetamine

132tons

52tons

amphetamine

6tons

“ecstasy” synthetic NPS*

23tons

methamphetamine21%

amphetamine8%

“ecstasy”-35%

synthetic NPS-39%

2015

37 million

users

of am

pheta

mines and prescription sti mulants

22 million

“ecs

tasy” users

2015

2015* Excludes GBL, ketamine and other medicines.

11

FACT SHEET ON STATISTICS AND TRENDS IN ILLICIT DRUGS

Ma

p 3

In

terr

egio

nal t

raffi

ckin

g flo

ws

of m

etha

mph

etam

ine,

201

2-20

15

Sour

ce:

UN

OD

C,

resp

onse

s to

ann

ual r

epor

t qu

estio

nnai

re,

2012

-201

5.

Not

e: T

he o

rigin

s of

the

flo

w a

rrow

s do

not

nec

essa

rily

indi

cate

the

sou

rce/

man

ufac

ture

of

met

ham

phet

amin

e. F

low

arr

ows

repr

esen

t th

e di

rect

ion

of m

etha

mph

etam

ine

traf

ficki

ng a

nd a

re n

ot

an in

dica

tion

of t

he q

uant

ity t

raff

icke

d. T

he b

ound

arie

s sh

own

on t

his

map

do

not

impl

y of

ficia

l end

orse

men

t or

acc

epta

nce

by t

he U

nite

d N

atio

ns.

Das

hed

lines

rep

rese

nt u

ndet

erm

ined

bou

nda

-rie

s. T

he d

otte

d lin

e re

pres

ents

app

roxi

mat

ely

the

Line

of

Con

trol

in J

amm

u an

d K

ashm

ir ag

reed

upo

n by

Indi

a an

d Pa

kist

an.

The

final

sta

tus

of J

amm

u an

d K

ashm

ir ha

s no

t ye

t be

en a

gree

d up

on

by t

he p

artie

s. T

he f

inal

bou

ndar

y be

twee

n th

e Su

dan

and

Sout

h Su

dan

has

not

yet

been

det

erm

ined

.

Isla

mic

Re

publ

ic

of Ir

an

Mex

ico

Uni

ted

Stat

es

of A

mer

ica

Aus

tral

ia

Mya

nmar

Thai

land

Phili

ppin

es

Mal

aysi

a

Chi

na

Japa

n

Hon

g K

ong,

Chi

na

Cze

chia

Pola

nd

Russ

ian

Fede

ratio

n

Net

herla

nds

Belg

ium

Switz

erla

nd

Ger

man

y

Fran

ce

Lith

uani

aD

enm

ark

02.

000

km1.

000

Sour

ce: U

NO

DC

, res

pons

es t

o an

nual

rep

ort

ques

tionn

aire

, 201

2-20

15.

Not

e: T

he o

rigin

s of

the

flo

w a

rrow

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essa

rily

indi

cate

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ufac

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amin

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low

arr

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repr

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t th

e di

rect

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ficki

ng a

nd a

re n

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n in

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of t

he q

uant

ity t

raff

icke

d.

The

boun

darie

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own

on t

his

map

do

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t or

acc

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pres

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mat

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Line

of

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amm

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Inte

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201

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15

Sign

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low

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reg

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s m

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freq

uent

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epor

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as o

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rans

it or

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ion

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ham

phet

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ws

repo

rted

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umbe

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cou

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12

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Ma

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In

terr

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nal t

raffi

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of “

ecst

asy”

, 201

2-20

15

Sour

ce:

UN

OD

C,

resp

onse

s to

ann

ual r

epor

t qu

estio

nnai

re,

2012

-201

5.

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e: T

he o

rigin

s of

the

flo

w a

rrow

s do

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essa

rily

indi

cate

the

sou

rce/

man

ufac

ture

of

"ecs

tasy

". F

low

arr

ows

repr

esen

t th

e di

rect

ion

of "

ecst

asy"

tra

ffic

king

and

are

not

an

indi

catio

n of

the

qu

antit

y tr

affic

ked.

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bou

ndar

ies

show

n on

thi

s m

ap d

o no

t im

ply

offic

ial e

ndor

sem

ent

or a

ccep

tanc

e by

the

Uni

ted

Nat

ions

. D

ashe

d lin

es r

epre

sent

und

eter

min

ed b

ound

arie

s. T

he d

otte

d lin

e re

pres

ents

app

roxi

mat

ely

the

Line

of

Con

trol

in J

amm

u an

d K

ashm

ir ag

reed

upo

n by

Indi

a an

d Pa

kist

an.

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final

sta

tus

of J

amm

u an

d K

ashm

ir ha

s no

t ye

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en a

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d up

on b

y th

e pa

rtie

s. T

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final

bou

ndar

y be

twee

n th

e Su

dan

and

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h Su

dan

has

not

yet

been

det

erm

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Can

ada

Uni

ted

Stat

es

of A

mer

ica

Aus

tral

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Chi

na

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ian

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ratio

n

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nd

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ania

Hun

gary

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herla

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man

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gdommmdo

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D

ggg FgiiittttDD

02.

000

km1.

000

Sour

ce: U

NO

DC

, res

pons

es t

o an

nual

rep

ort

ques

tionn

aire

, 201

2-20

15.

Not

e: T

he o

rigin

s of

the

flo

w a

rrow

s do

not

nec

essa

rily

indi

cate

the

sou

rce/

man

ufac

ture

of

ecst

asy.

Flo

w a

rrow

s re

pres

ent

the

dire

ctio

n of

ecs

tasy

tra

ffic

king

and

are

not

an

indi

catio

n of

the

qua

ntity

tra

ffic

ked.

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e bo

unda

ries

show

n on

thi

s m

ap d

o no

t im

ply

offic

ial e

ndor

sem

ent

or a

ccep

tanc

e by

the

Uni

ted

Nat

ions

. Das

hed

lines

rep

rese

nt u

ndet

erm

ined

bou

ndar

ies.

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dot

ted

line

repr

esen

ts a

ppro

xim

atel

y th

e Li

ne o

f C

ontr

ol in

Jam

mu

and

Kas

hmir

agre

ed u

pon

by In

dia

and

Paki

stan

. The

fin

al s

tatu

s of

Jam

mu

and

Kas

hmir

has

not

yet

been

agr

eed

upon

by

the

part

ies.

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fin

al b

ound

ary

betw

een

the

Suda

n an

d So

uth

Suda

n ha

s no

t ye

t be

en d

eter

min

ed. A

dis

pute

exi

sts

betw

een

the

Gov

ernm

ents

of

Arg

entin

a an

d th

e U

nite

d K

ingd

om o

f G

reat

Brit

ain

and

Nor

ther

n Ire

land

con

cern

ing

sove

reig

nty

over

the

Fal

klan

d Is

land

s (M

alvi

nas)

.

Sign

ifica

nt f

low

s w

ithin

reg

ion

Cou

ntrie

s m

ost

freq

uent

ly r

epor

ted

as o

rigin

/dep

artu

re, t

rans

it or

des

tinat

ion

“Ecs

tasy

” flo

ws

repo

rted

by

a hi

gh n

umbe

r of

cou

ntrie

s

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tasy

” flo

ws

r epo

rted

by

a lo

w n

umbe

r of

cou

ntrie

s

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TER

NA

ND

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TRA

LA

FRIC

A

WES

TER

NW

ESTE

RN

RN

WA

ND

CEN

TRA

LTR

AL

TRA

LEU

RO

PE

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AN

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UTH

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TRA

L A

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AN

DTR

AN

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UC

ASI

AN

C

OU

NTR

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OC

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IA

SOU

THA

MER

ICA

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AN

D

SOU

TH-E

AST

ASI

A

NO

RTH

AM

ERIC

A

OC

EAN

IA

NO

RTH

ERN

AFR

ICA

SOU

TH-

EAST

ERN

EUR

OPE

SOU

THA

SIA

NEA

R A

ND

MID

DLE

EA

ST/

SOU

TH-W

EST

ASI

A

EAST

ERN

EUR

OPE

CEN

TRA

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MER

ICA

Inte

rreg

ion

al t

raff

icki

ng

flo

ws

of

ecst

asy,

201

2-20

15

13

FACT SHEET ON STATISTICS AND TRENDS IN ILLICIT DRUGS

opiates

Number of countr ies report ing drug se izures, based on 168 countries , 2010-2015

153

cocaine

128

amphetamine-typestimulants

95

hallucinogens

cannabis

164 143

78

new psychoactivesubstances

67

sedatives,tranquillizers

864tons

132tons

52tons

57tons

113tons

90tons

587tons

7,317tons

6tons

opium

heroin & morphinepharmaceutical opioids

cocainecannabis (herb/resin)

“ecstasy”amphetamine

methamphetamine

synthetic NPS*

Quant it ies of drugs se ized in 2015

* 57 tons of which 34 tons represent seizures of GBL, ketamine and other medicines, see booklet 4.

Range of new psychoactive substances

continues to grow

reported in 2012

reported in 2015

260 N

PS 483 NPS

14

WO

RLD

DRU

G R

EPO

RT 2

017

DARKNET

drugtransactions

drugtransactions

DARKNET

Drug trafficking over the darknetstill small but fast growing

<1%

+50%increase

2015

2013

per year

smugglingof migrants

over 35 per cent ofall organized crime

groups involved

excise fraud

drug trafficking

traffickingin human

beings

organizedproperty

crime

Importance of organized crime groups, European Union

Source: UNODC, adapted from Europol, SOCTA 2017.

Kristy Kruithof and others, Internet-facilitated Drugs Trade: An Analysis of the Size, Scope and the Role of the Netherlands, Research Report Series (Santa Monica, California, Rand Corporation, 2016).

15

FACT SHEET ON STATISTICS AND TRENDS IN ILLICIT DRUGS

Sectors vulnerable to corruption in relation to drugs

Source: EUROSTAT.

DRUG PRODUCTION

DRUG CONSUMPTION

DRUG TRAFFICKING

• Eradication teams

• Alternative developmentprojects

• Law enforcement (police, customs, etc.)

• Criminal justice system

• Chemical companies

• Traffickers seek to avoid controls, dismantlement of groups and arrest

• Drug users seek to obtain prescriptions for non-medical use of drugs (e.g., opioids, ampheta-mines, medical cannabis)

• Law enforcement (police, customs, etc.)

• Criminal justice system

• Transport companies

• Farmers seek to avoid eradication on their fields

• Farmers and communities seek to benefit from alternative development investment

• Entrepreneurs seek to sell their products and services

• Producers and manufacturers seek to avoid controls, dismantlement of production sites and arrest

• Producers and manufacturers seek to avoid sentencing

• Manufacturers seek to divert precursor chemicals

• Traffickers seek to ship drugs by air, sea, land

• Drug users seek to obtain medicines without prescription

• Traffickers seek to avoid sentencing

• Medical doctors

• Pharmacies

ActorsVulnerable sectors

Supplychain