Upload
deirdre-hoover
View
213
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Facing the Future: Diversity in the US and the Need for Cultural Competency
Adelita G. Cantu, PhD(c), RN
Education Coordinator
Juntos Podemos
Diversity in the US
Between 1990 & 2000, the US population increased from 248.7 million to 281.4 million.
75,1% are white
12.5% are Hispanic
12.3% are African-American
3.6% are Southeast Asian
0.9% are Native American or Alaskan Native
0.1% are Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander
5.5% are some other race
2.4% are of two or more races
Race Categories as Used in Census 2000
White refers to people having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Near East, and the Middle East, or North Africa. This category includes Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Turkish, Arab, and Polish
Black or African American refers to people having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa, and includes Nigerians and Haitians or any person who self-designated this category regardless of origin
Race Categories as Used in Census 2000
American Indian or Alaskan Native refers to people having origins in any of the original peoples having origins in ay of the original peoples of North, South, or Central American, and who maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.
Asian refers to people having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent. This category includes the terms Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, Burmese, Hmong, Pakistani, and Thai.
Race Categories as Used in Census 2000
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander refers to people having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guan, Samoa, Tahiti, the Mariana Islands, and Chuuk.
“Some other race” was included for people who are unable to identify with the other categories. Additionally, the respondent could identify, as a write-in, with two races.
The Growth of the Hispanic Population
Over past decade, Hispanics:rose from 22.4 million to 35.3 million, a 57.9% increase
largest group are Mexicans, followed by Puerto Ricans, Cubans, Central Americans, South Americans, and Dominicans
¾ of Hispanics live in the West and South, 50% living in Texas & California
median age for Hispanics is 25.9% while for US is 35.3%
Nationwide
Total estimated # of RNs: 2,696,540
Total estimated # of Hispanic RNs: 54, 861
Hispanics comprise more than 12% of the US population, but only 2% of RNs
Source: http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/reports/msurvey/mss1.htm
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
Whites AA NA SEA Hispanic Other
Currently Licensed Texas RN’s Residing in Texas by Ethnicity09/01/2004
Source: Board of Nurse Examiners
The young age of Hispanics in the USmakes them ideal candidates for
recruitment into the health professions, an area with crisis-level shortages of personnel, especially of minority
representation.
Culture
• Culture is defined as the totality of socially transmitted behavioral patterns, arts, beliefs,
values, customs, lifeways, and all other products of human work and thought characteristics of a population of people that guide their worldview
and decision making.
Attitude
Attitude is a state of mind or feeling about some matter of a culture. Attitudes are learned; for
example, some people think that one culture is better than another culture.
Belief
A belief is something that is accepted as true, especially as a tenet or a body of
tenets accepted by people in an ethnocultural group. A belief among cultures is that is a pregnant woman
craves a particular food substance and does not satisfy the craving, the baby will be born with a birthmark in the shape of
the craving.
Cultural patterns may be explicit or implicit, are primarily learned and transmitted within family, are shared by most members of the culture, and are emergent phenomena that change in response toglobal phenomena. Culture is largely unconsciousand has powerful influences on health and illness.
health-care providers must recognize, respect,and integrate clients’ cultural beliefs and practices
into health prescriptions.
Cultural Competence
Increasing one’s consciousness of cultural diversity improves the possibilities for health-care providers to provide culturally competent care.
Developing an awareness of one’s own existence, sensations, thoughts, and environment without letting it have an undue influence on those from other backgrounds.
Demonstrating knowledge and understanding of the client’s culture, health-related needs, and meanings of health and illness.
Cultural Competence
Accepting and respecting cultural differences.
Not assuming that the health-care provider’s beliefs and values are the same as the client’s.
Resisting judgmental attitudes such as “different is not as good.”
Being open to cultural encounters.
Adapting care to be congruent with the client’s culture. Cultural competence is a conscious process and not necessarily linear.
Purnell, L. D. & Paulanda, B. J. (2003). Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, F. A. Davis: Philadelphia