Fabrication of Helicopter Engine Transmission System

8/12/2019 Fabrication of Helicopter Engine Transmission System

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FABRICATION OF HELICOPTER ENGINE

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

DEENAN RAJ.L (080101403012)

KAVIYARASAN.B (080101403023)

NESAMANI.C (080401403034)

RAJKMAR.T (080101403043)

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

AERONATICAL ENGINEERING

V.S.B. ENGINEERING COLLEGE! KARR

ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI 600 025

APRIL 2012

1


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FABRICATION OF HELICOPTER ENGINETRANSMISSION SYSTEM

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

DEENAN RAJ.L (080101403012)

KAVIYARASAN.B (080101403023)

NESAMANI.C (080401403034)

RAJKMAR.T (080101403043)

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

AERONATICAL ENGINEERING

V.S.B. ENGINEERING COLLEGE! KARR

ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI 600 025

APRIL 2012

2


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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this pr!e"t reprt "FABRICATION OF HELICOPTER

ENGINE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM# is the #$afide %r& f 'L.DEENAN

RAJ! B.KAVIYARASAN! C.NESAMANI! T. RAJKMAR# %h "arried (t

the pr!e"t %r& ($der )* s(per+isi$,

SIGNATRE SIGNATRE

-r,.,-URALI -r,R,/INATH

S$%&'*+' H&,- + D&%,'/&/

Le"t(rer Asst,Prfessr

epart)e$t f Aer$a(ti"a3 epart)e$t f Aer$a(ti"a3

V,S,, E$4i$eeri$4 C33e4e V,S,, E$4i$eeri$4 C33e4e

.ar(da*a)pa3*a) .ar(da*a)pa3*a)

.ar(r678111, .ar(r678111,

I$ter$a3 e9a)i$er E9ter$a3 e9a)i$er

7


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ABSTRACT

+er past t% de"ades air "rashes happe$ed "$se(e$t3* i$ the a+iati$

i$d(str* he3i"pters )eet a$ a""ide$t )ai$3* #e"a(se f p%er fai3ed f the

e$4i$e, s N%da*s )a!r a""ide$t f the he3i"pter happe$s #e"a(se f

the e$4i$e fai3(re, ;he$ the e$4i$e fai3(re ""(rs the he3i"pter ($a#3e t

prd("e the re(ired thr(st t )ai$tai$ the sta#i3it* ,S %e %i33 4i$4 t

fa#ri"ate the $e% tra$s)issi$ s*ste) fr the e)er4e$"* safet* 3a$di$4

p(rpse, I$ the tra$s)issi$ s*ste) %he$ $e e$4i$e 4ets fai3ed the pi3t

(sed t separate the p%erp3a$t a$d 4ear #9 #* (si$4 the "3(t"h the$ #*

(si$4 the 3e+er )e"ha$is) the pi3t (sed t e$4a4e the e)er4e$"* e$4i$e

a$d dise$4a4e the )ai$ e$4i$e the$ pi3t is re3ease the "3(t"h t e$4a4e

%ith e)er4e$"* e$4i$e , * this tra$s)issi$ s*ste) the pi3t a#3e t

re4ai$ the sta#i3it* f the he3i"pter (sed fr safe 3a$di$4 ,;e %i33 a#3e t

sa+e the 3ife f the passe$4er, ;e %i33 a#3e t red("e the he3i"pter

a""ide$ts,


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGRES

1. INTRODCTION 1

1,1 He3i"pter 1

1,2 Tra$s)issi$ 2

1,2,1 He3i"pter Tra$s)issi$

S*ste)

2

1,2,2 C3(t"h 51,2,7 Ce$trif(4a3 "3(t"h 6

1,7 P%er re(ired 6

1,7,1 I$d("ed p%er =

1,7,2 Prfi3e p%er =

1,7,7 Parasite p%er >

1,< T*pes f p%er tra$s)issi$ >

1,

1,

1,


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pi$i$

2. LITERATRE REVIE 10

2,1 Prf, .,/pi$ath ? Prf,

-,-,-a*(ra)@ -a"hi$e esi4$

II@ 18>6,

10

2,1,1 -e"ha$i"a3 )de3 10

2,1,2 ri"ti$ "3(t"hes 12

2,1,7 ri"ti$a3 C$ta"t a9ia3 ris" C3(t"hes

12

2,1,< Si$43e C3(t"h a$d -(3tip3e

is& C3(t"h

17

2,1,5 P3ate t h(# C$$e"ti$ 17

2,1,6 ri"ti$ a"i$4s r Pads 1=F,@He3i"pter

Tra$s)issi$ Testi$4 at NASA

Le%is Resear"h Ce$ter@,

70

2,10 (43as /, -a" -arti$ -ar&

;,a+is1,1880F,'He3i"pter

/ear-esh ANC C$"ept

e)$strati$@,

71

2,11 .res - ;at&i$s ; a$d e3

,200=F,'He3i"pter /as

T(r#i$e E$4i$e Tra$s)issi$

Rtrs a$d Str("t(res@,

71

2,12 Te+fi& U*ar Serap .J3J",

188=F@Tra$s)issi$ s*ste)

desi4$@,

72

=


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2,17-i4(e3 A$4e3 Cha+e, 1881F,

'H% P%er is Tra$sferred i$ a

He3i"pter@,

72

3. METHODOLOGY 34

7,1 3%"hart 7

1


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16 Pr"ess f3%"hart 7

20, Tai3 rtr 78

21, -ai$ rtr asse)#3*


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air"raft a$d ther fr)s f +erti"a3 ta&eff a$d 3a$di$4 air"raft "a$$t

perfr),

F:$'& 1 A$at)* f he3i"pter,

The %rd Khe3i"pterK is adapted fr) the re$"h he3i"pter "i$ed

#* /(sta+e de P$t$ dK A)e"(rt i$ 1>61 %hi"h ri4i$ates fr)

the /ree& he3i9 t%isted "(r+ed a$d Petr$ %i$4 ,(e t the

perati$4 "hara"teristi"s f the he3i"pter its a#i3it* t ta&e ff a$d 3a$d

+erti"a33* a$d t h+er fr e9te$ded perids f ti)e as %e33 as the

air"raftKs ha$d3i$4 prperties ($der 3% airspeed "$diti$s it has #ee$

"hse$ t "$d("t tas&s that %ere pre+i(s3* $t pssi#3e %ith ther

air"raft r %ere ti)e r %r&i$te$si+e t a"")p3ish $ the 4r($d,

Tda* he3i"pter (ses i$"3(de tra$sprtati$ "$str("ti$ fire fi4hti$4

sear"h a$d res"(e a$d )i3itar* (ses, i33 R,C 188>D

1.2 T',***+

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A )a"hi$e "$sists f a p%er s(r"e a$d a p%er tra$s)issi$ s*ste)

%hi"h pr+ides "$tr33ed app3i"ati$ f the p%er, -erria);e#ster

defi$es tra$s)issi$ as: a$ asse)#3* f parts i$"3(di$4 the speed"ha$4i$4

4ears a$d the prpe33er shaft #* %hi"h the p%er is tra$s)itted fr) a$

e$4i$e t a 3i+e a93e, fte$ tra$s)issi$ refers si)p3* t the 4ear#9 that

(ses 4ears a$d 4ear trai$s t pr+ide speeda$d tr(e"$+ersi$s fr) a

rtati$4 p%er s(r"e t a$ther de+i"e ,I$ ritish E$43ish the ter)

tra$s)issi$ refers t the %h3e dri+e trai$ i$"3(di$4 4ear#9 "3(t"h prp

shaft fr rear%hee3 dri+eD differe$tia3 a$d fi$a3 dri+e shafts, I$ A)eri"a$

E$43ish h%e+er the disti$"ti$ is )ade that a 4ear#9 is a$* de+i"e

%hi"h "$+erts speed a$d tr(e %hereas a tra$s)issi$ is a t*pe f

4ear#9 that "a$ #e shifted t d*$a)i"a33* "ha$4e the speed: tr(e

rati s("h as i$ a +ehi"3e, Lit+i$ ,L, et al1882D

1.2.1 H&9+%/&' /',***+ *;*/&

Tra$s)issi$ is a 4ear red("ti$ )e"ha$is) atta"hed t the e$4i$e, Thetra$s)issi$ s*ste) tra$s)its the e$4i$e p%er t the )ai$ rtr the tai3

rtr the 4e$eratr a$d ther a""essries $a)e3* the "3i$4 fa$ h*dra(3i"

p()p the rtr ta"h)eter, The speed red("ti$ is a"")p3ished thr(4h

the red("ti$ 4ear $r)a33* i$ t% sta4es i$ the tra$s)issi$ s*ste) a$d i$

4e$era33* #et%ee$ 6:1 a$d 8:1,the rati f e$4i$e rp) t rtr rp) is the

sa)e as the 4ear red("ti$ rati,

The reas$ fr the speed red("ti$

1, The e$4i$e pr"ed(res the 4reatest a)($t f p%er at a

hi4her rp),

2, The rtr "a$$t perate at hi4h rp) #e"a(se f the retreati$4

#3ade sta33 a$d the fa"t that the tip speed )(st #e s(#s$i",

1


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The tra$s)issi$ s*ste) sh(3d #e s("h as t e$s(re the f33%i$4

1, r )(3tie$4i$e he3i"pter the rtr %i33 #e "$ti$((s3*

dri+e$ #* the re)ai$i$4 e$4i$es i$ rder t e$s(re that the 3ift

a$d the "$tr3 fr) the rtrs are a+ai3a#3e after a$ e$4i$e

fai3(re,

2, r the si$43e e$4i$e he3i"pter the rtr sh(3d #e

dise$4a4ed fr) the e$4i$e fai3(re,

7, The rtr s*ste) is t #e prte"ted fr) the trsi$a3 dra4 f

i$perati+e e$4i$es,

A3th(4h the tra$s)issi$ (sed i$ he3i"pters +ari(s "$sidera#3*

i$ "$str("ti$ )st f the) (se the sa)e pri$"ip3e +ia,

1, I$p(t pi$i$ rtati$4 #e+e3 4ears,

2, Epi"*"3e r p3a$etar* 4ear red("ti$ f +ari(s &i$ds,

7, A""essr* 4ears,

I$ 4e$era3 fr the tra$s)issi$ s*ste) the 4ears are "ate4rised i$t

the f33%i$4 three t*pes

1, Thse tra$s)itti$4 p%er a$d the )ti$ #et%ee$ the para33e3

shaft sp(r a$d he3i"a3 4ears,

2, Thse fr shaft %ith i$terse"ti$4 a9es the a$43e #et%ee$ the

shafts #ei$4 4e$era33* 80 de4rees #e+e3 4ears,

7, Thse %here the shaft are $either para33e3 $r i$terse"ti$4

the a9es 4e$era33* )a&i$4 80 de4ree t ea"h ther #(t i$

differe$t p3a$es %r) 4ear a$d h*pid 4ears,

15


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The sp(r a$d the he3i"a3 4ear dri+es 4e$era33* ffers 1:> red("ti$

rati$ i$ the si$43e sta4e depe$di$4 (p$ the $()#er f sta4es the t*pe f

desi4$ a$d the sieM this t*pe f 4eari$4 "a$ ha+e a$ (tp(t f the rder f

20000.; a$d a$ +era33 effi"ie$"* f 8588 the sp(r 4ears are

rdi$ari3* th(4ht f as the s3% speed 4ears %hi3e he3i"a3 are th(4ht as

the speed 4ears,

The p3a$etar* 4ear dri+es (si$4 the sp(r a$d the he3i"a3 4ears (s(a33*

ha+e a red("ti$ rati (pt > %ith a )a9i)() +a3(e ar($d the 17 %ith a$

effi"ie$"* f 8>88 a$d the p%er (tp(t (p t =500.;

The red("ti$ rati i$ the %r) 4ear dri+es is (s(a33* (pt 60 %ith

the effi"ie$"* ra$4i$4 fr) 8=


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The 4e$era3 arra$4e)e$t f the 4ear red("ti$ %i33 3ar4e3* depe$d

(p$ a $()#er f fa"tr i$"3(di$4 the re3ati+es psiti$ f the e$4i$e a$d

the tra$s)issi$ a$d the fa"t that %hether the dri+es is fr $e r )re

rtrs ,the he3i"pter tra$s)issi$ ")prises a ")#i$ati$ f the #e+e3

4ears a$d the epi"*"3e 4ear trai$s the sp(r r the #e+e3 4ear are 4e$era33*

(sed fr the a""essr* dri+e #* a$d 3ar4e the he3i"pter tra$s)issi$

pr+ides a t% sta4es red("ti$ ,the first sta4e is the #e+e3 4ear

arra$4e)e$t a$d the se"$d sta4e red("ti$ is #tai$ed %ith p3a$etar* 4ear

trai$s, S)e f the )ai$ ")p$e$ts f the tra$s)issi$ are dis"(ssed i$

#rief here ($der,

1.2.2 C$/90 f the tta3 )ai$ rtr p%er, It

de"reases as the he3i"pter 4es i$t fr%ard f3i4ht a$d the rtr

e$"($ters )re air, ;ith the i$"reases i$ speed )re air passes thr(4h

the rtr %hi"h has t d 3ess %r& $ it )ai$tai$ "$sta$t thr(st, I$d("ed

p%er +a3(e at )a9i)() speed is a#(t 1


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p%er is prprti$a3 t the e(i+a3e$t f the f3at p3ate area %hi"h i$ t(r$

depe$ds $ the sie a$d "3ea$3i$ess f the air"raft,

1.4 T;%&* + %+=&' /',***+

1.4.1 T',***+ /


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The ea"h said (tp(t "ha$$e3 )a* ")prise a 4ear %hee3 dri+e$ #*

a33 the e$4i$es a$d rtati$a33* fi9ed t a pi$i$, Ea"h 4ear %hee3 is a

#e+e3 4ear adapted t "ha$4e a 4e$era33* hri$ta3 a9is f rtati$ f

dri+i$4 shafts fr) the e$4i$es t a 4e$era33* +erti"a3 a9is f rtati$ f

said pi$i$,

The di+idi$4 )ea$s )a* ")prise a$ i$di+id(a3 pair f 4ear %hee3s

)eshed %ith ea"h said pi$i$ A$d ea"h f f(r 4ear %hee3s )a* #e

"$$e"ted #* a shaft t dri+e a$ (tp(t pi$i$ )eshed %ith said "))$

")#i$i$4 4ears dri+es the )ai$ rtr,

1.4.3 T',***+ /


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2.1 P'+. K.G+%,/< @ P'+. M.M.M,;$',.!1786.!# M,9


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F:$'& 2 *$a)i" represe$tati$ f "3(t"h r #ra&e,

F:$'& 3 A$i)ated d*$a)i" represe$tati$ f "3(t"h r #ra&e,

2.1.2 F'9/+ 9$/9


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the shaft, A t*pi"a3 "3(t"h is i33(strated i$ the fi4(re #e3%, It "$sist f a

dri+i$4 dis" "$$e"ted t the dri+e shaft a$d a dri+e$ dis" "8$$e"ted t

the dri+e$ shaft, A fri"ti$ p3ate is atta"hed t $e f the )e)#ers,

A"t(ati$4 spri$4 &eeps #th the )e)#ers i$ "$ta"t a$d p%er)ti$ is

tra$s)itted fr) $e )e)#er t the ther, ;he$ the p%er f )ti$ is t

#e i$terr(pted the dri+e$ dis" is )+ed a9ia33* "reati$4 a 4ap #et%ee$ the

)e)#ers as sh%$ i$ the fi4(re


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F:$'& 5 A$i)ated dis" "3(t"hes,

2.1.4 S:& 9$/9< ,- $/%& -* 9$/9


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their a9es a3i4$ed apprpriate3* fr tra$s)itti$4 the dri+e, These

da)pe$i$4 spri$4s are hea+* "i3 spri$4s set i$ a "ir"3e ar($d the h(#,

The h(# is dri+e$ thr(4h these spri$4s, The* he3p t s)th (t the

trsi$a3 +i#rati$ the p%er p(3ses fr) the e$4i$eD s that the p%er

f3% t the tra$s)issi$ is s)th,

I$ a si)p3e desi4$ a33 the spri$4s )a* #e ide$ti"a3 #(t i$ )re

sphisti"ated desi4$s the* are arra$4ed i$ pairs 3"ated dia)etri"a33*

ppsite ea"h pair ha+i$4 a differe$t rate a$d differe$t e$d "3eara$"es s

that their r3e is pr4ressi+e pr+idi$4 i$"reasi$4 spri$4 rate t "ater t

%ider trsi$a3 da)pi$4,

The "3(t"h p3ate is asse)#3ed $ a sp3i$ed shaft that "arries the

rtar* )ti$ t the tra$s)issi$, This shaft is "a33ed the "3(t"h shaft r

tra$s)issi$ i$p(t shaft, This shaft is "$$e"ted t the 4ear #9 r fr)s a

part f the 4ear #9,

2.1.6 F'9/+ F,9:* +' P,-*! It is the fri"ti$ pads r fa"i$4s %hi"h

a"t(a33* tra$s)it the p%er fr) the f3* %hee3 t h(# i$ the "3(t"h p3ate

a$d fr) there t the (tp(t shaft, There are 4r+es i$ #th sides f the

fri"ti$dis" fa"i$4s, These 4r+es pre+e$t the fa"i$4s fr) sti"&i$4 t

the f3*%hee3 fa"e a$d press(re p3ate %he$ the "3(t"h is dise$4a4ed, The

4r+es #rea& a$* +a"(() that )i4ht fr) a$d "a(se the fa"i$4s t sti"&

t the f3*%hee3 r press(re p3ate, The fa"i$4s $ )a$* fri"ti$ dis"s are

)ade f "tt$ a$d as#ests fi#ers %+e$ r )(3ded t4ether a$d

i)pre4$ated %ith resi$s r ther #i$di$4 a4e$ts, I$ )a$* fri"ti$ dis"s

"pper %ires are %+e$ r pressed i$t the fa"i$4s t 4i+e the) added

stre$4th, H%e+er as#ests is #ei$4 rep3a"ed %ith ther )ateria3s i$ )a$*

"3(t"hes, S)e fri"ti$ dis"s ha+e "era)i")eta33i" fa"i$4s, S("h dis"s are

%ide3* (sed i$ )(3tip3e p3ate "3(t"hes ,The )i$i)ie the %ear pr#3e)s

26


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a33 the p3ates %i33 #e e$"3sed i$ a "+ered "ha)#er a$d i))ersed i$ a$ i3

)edi() s("h "3(t"hes are "a33ed %et "3(t"hes

2.2 R+?*+.! 1745.!# =+': + T',***+ *;*/! The p(rpse

f the he3i"pter p%er tra$s)issi$ s*ste) is t ta&e p%er fr) e$4i$e

a$d tra$sfer it t ther ")p$e$t that he3p (r a$d "$tr3 the

he3i"pter ,The tra$s)issi$ ta&es the e$4i$e (tp(tat tr(e at the "ertai$

a$4(3ar +e3"it*D a$d tra$sfer it t rtr at a$ther a$4(3ar +e3"it* a$d

tr(ei$ rder t pre+e$t it fr) the ph*si"a3 da)a4eD f the s*ste),

epe$di$4 $ the he3i"pters arra$4e)e$t ther dri+e spa"e shaft

a$d 4ear#9es )a* #e $eeded at +ari(s 3"ati$ ,The )ai$ rtr 4ear#9

ser+es t red("e the +e3"it* at %hi"h the e$4i$e shaft rtates ,This is t

pre+e$t the tip f the #3ades fr) spi$$i$4 faster tha$ the speed f s($d

a$d the )ai$ rtr rp) is a#(t 1= f the e$4i$e rp) #(t it is +aries fr)

the )de3 t )de3 ,The tai3 rtr 4ear#9 has the sa)e f($"ti$ as the

)ai$ rtr 4ear#9 th(4h the tai3 rtr #3ades "a$ spi$ at hi4her rtati$a3speed d(e t 3e$4th f #3ade is s)a33,

A3th(4h "3(t"hes +ar* %ith )de3 the )st "))$ r the #e3t

dri+e$ a$d "e$trif(4a3 arra$4e)e$t ,I$ this arra$4e)e$t )ai$3* see$ $

s)a33 he3i"pter the p(33e* $ the e$4i$e shaft is "$$e"ted t the p(33e*

$ the dri+e shaft 4i$4 t )ai$ 4ear#9 a$d tai3 rtr 4ear#9 ,i$ a33 there

are si9 p(33e* a$d #e3ts side #* side the #e3ts are 3se3* fitted ar($d the

e$4i$e a$d dri+i$4 shaft p(33e* ,I$ rder t )a&e the e$4i$e shaft p(33e*

dri+e the tp p(33e* the pi3t f the he3i"pter has t )+e $ ad!(sta#3e

p(33e* "a33ed the id3er a$d p(sh it a4ai$st the #e3ts ,This i$ t(r$ ti4hte$ the

#e3t a$d a33% the e$4i$e shaft p(33e* t dri+e the dri+i$4 shaft ,the

ad!(sta#3e p(33e* is p(shed a4ai$st the #e3ts #* pi3ta"ti+ated 3e+er $

3der )de3s r #* e3e"tri" )trs $ $e% $es,

2=


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$ the tp p(33e* there is a spra4 "3(t"h ,%he$e+er the e$4i$e shaft is

dri+i$4 the shaft i$ the tp p(33e* the r33er i$side the "3(t"h are fr"ed t

the (ter dr() a$d pre+e$t the tp p(33e* fr) e9"eedi$4 e$4i$e shaft rp)

,this "3(t"hes ser+i"es as free%hee3i$4 ($it ,;he$e+er the e$4i$e shaft

start spi$$i$4 at s3%er rp) tha$ the )ai$ rtr shaft the r33er i$side the

"3(t"h )+e i$+erse a$d a33% the (ter dr() t rtate at a speed faster

tha$ the i$$er prti$ ,This "hara"teristi"s f spra4 "3(t"hes "(3d a33% a

pi3t t 3a$d a he3i"pter safe3* if the e$4i$e sta33ed r si)p3* stpped

f($"ti$i$4,

2.3 L&, *! A. J.!2004.! "V,',?& S%&&- P+=&' T',***+

S;*/! .S. P,/&/! C(rre$t he3i"pter tra$s)issi$ s*ste)s are

desi4$ed fr fi9ed speed red("ti$ ratis, E9peri)e$ta3 a$d a$a3*ti"a3

st(dies i$di"ate that the perfr)a$"e $ise a$d pa*3ad #e$efits "a$ #e

a"hie+ed #* red("i$4 r i$"reasi$4 the speed f the rtr depe$di$4 $ the

t*pe f f3i4ht a$d )issi$, There are t% )ai$ reas$s fr ha+i$4 $3*

si$43e rtr speed he3i"pters, These reas$s are re3ated t he3i"pter

desi4$ a$d rtr speed "ha$4e "apa#i3it*, The first )ai$ reas$ t ha+e a

si$43e speed fr the )ai$ rtr is the "ha33e$4e re3ated t str("t(ra3 desi4$

f the rtr"raft s*ste)s, *$a)i" desi4$ers $eed t fi$e t($e e+er*

")p$e$tGs $at(ra3 fre(e$"ies i$ rder t a+id +i#rati$4 at the rtr

speed a$d res$a$"e, This desi4$ phase is +er* "ha33e$4i$4, If the air"raft

is a +aria#3e speed rtr s*ste) the d*$a)i" desi4$ phase %i33 #e e+e$

harder a$d "st3*,

The se"$d )ai$ reas$ fr ha+i$4 a si$43e rtr speed is re3ated t

the )ethds t "ha$4e the speed f the rtr, $e pssi#3e %a* t "ha$4e

the rtr speed is ad!(sti$4 the t(r#i$e e$4i$e speed, H%e+er the t(r#i$e

speed "ha$4e +er a %ide ra$4e red("es the e$4i$e perfr)a$"e, He$"e

the speed "ha$4e "apa#i3it* f the dri+e trai$ is re"))e$ded as i$ the

2>


29/66


30/66

`

pssi#3e speed "ha$4i$4 )e"ha$is)s a$d their (se i$ the rtr"raft

p3atfr)s,

2.4 K&%&' Y.! 1780.! " T


31/66


32/66


33/66

`

22 hea+ier tha$ the sa)e +3()e 4ear trai$ ,;he$ the tra"ti$ dri+e

s*ste)s are (sed as the C$ti$((s3* Varia#3e Speed Tra$s)issi$s

CVTD the &i$e)ati"s d*$a)i" #eha+i(r a$d the p%er tra$s)itti$4

feat(res #e")e )re ")p3e9, Tradeff st(dies "$d("ted #* /i et,a3

"$"3(de that the ha3f t radia3 t*pe tra"ti$ dri+e is a #etter "hi"e tha$

ther CVT t*pes t (se i$ the 2000 HP "3ass he3i"pter tra$s)issi$s, The

s"he)ati" f the +aria#3e rtr speed tra$s)issi$ is sh%$ i$ i4(re >,

The +aria#3e speed rtr he3i"pters re(ire hi4her p%er tha$ the

hi4hest perati$4 3e+e3 f the tra"ti$ dri+es, $ the ther ha$d %he$ the*

are (sed %ith the p3a$etar* 4ear trai$s i$ a sp3it p%er path t*pe

arra$4e)e$t the a)($t f p%er that the CVT is tra$sferri$4 is red("ed,

I$ the )ea$ ti)e the i$fi$ite3* +aria#3e speed "ha$4e "apa"it* is

)ai$tai$ed,

F:$'& 7Sp3it tr(e differe$tia3s p3a$etar* % Varia#3e speed dri+e,

77


34/66


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F:$'& 10 Crss se"ti$ f sp3it tr(e differe$tia3 % C3(t"h )e"ha$is)

The )ai$ 3i)itati$ %ith the t% speed s*ste) appra"h is the heat

prd("ed d(ri$4 the e$4a4e)e$t f the "3(t"h, E9"ess heat "a$ easi3*

da)a4e the e$tire s*ste), The "(rre$t te"h$34* 3i)its the e$4a4e)e$t

speed at appr9i)ate3* 10000 rp), Stppi$4 ti)e +s, #ra&e tr(e is

sh%$ i$ i4(re 1,


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`

ti)e at differe$t #ra&e tr(es is sh%$ i$ i4(re, The fi4(re sh%s that

i$"reasi$4 the #ra&e tr(e de"reases the tra$siti$ ti)e,The t% speed

he3i"pter reprted #* -($ter is a si$43e e$4i$e rtr"raft that shifts the

speed #* "ha$4i$4 the f3i4ht "$diti$ t a(trtati$ )de %hi"h "a(ses

($desira#3e tr(e a$d attit(de 3ss, I$ rder t a+id these ($desira#3e

sit(ati$s a t%i$e$4i$e is adapted,

The shifti$4 "$tr3 "rdi$ates the e$4a4e)e$t a$d dise$4a4e)e$t

f t% e$4i$es i$ s("h a %a* that the rtr speed )a* +ar* +er a ra$4e

%hi3e pr+idi$4 a "$ti$((s rtr tr(e d(ri$4 the speed "ha$4e, The

e+e$t(a3 speed "ha$4e is pr+ided #* the 4ear )e"ha$is)s, The shifti$4

pr"ess #e4i$s %he$ $e e$4i$e s3%s d%$ a$d dise$4a4es fr) the

tra$s)issi$ #* the %a* f a sta$dard free%hee3i$4 "3(t"h )e"ha$is), The

ther e$4i$e "$ti$(es t s(pp3* p%er t the rtr, $"e the first e$4i$e

dise$4a4es the 4ear shifts i$ this tra$s)issi$, The )(3tispeed 4ear#9

(tp(t shaft speed res*$"hr$ies a$d it ree$4a4es,

This pr"ess is the$ repeated %ith the ther e$4i$e, Se+era3 sa)p3e

"ases are de)$strated, The d(rati$ f the speed "ha$4e %ith this )ethd

is #et%ee$ < t > se"$ds ,I$ s())ar* the t% speed rtr"raft

tra$s)issi$s are f($d fa+(ra#3e i$ the 3iterat(re ")pared t the CVT

t*pes,

A3th(4h "3(t"h e$4a4e)e$t "a$ prd("e hi4h a)($ts f heat the

e$4i$e a$d tra$s)issi$ "rdi$ated speed shift "a$ #e pr)isi$4,

-re+er the st(dies sh% that the 0%ei4ht f the +aria#3e speed

tra$s)issi$ s*ste) %i33 i$"rease d(e t the additi$a3 e(ip)e$t a$d

i$"reased tr(e $ the )ai$ rtr a$d tai3 rtr dri+e s*ste)

76


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`

F:$'& 11 +era33 "$"ept f the se(e$tia3 4earshifti$4 strate4*,

2.6 B! R.C.! M,; 21! 1770.! "I+,/& C+9&%/* +' F$/$'&

R+/+'9',/ T',***+*#! 46/< A$, A&'9, H&9+%/&' S+9&/;

F+'$! ,*


38/66

`

f(t(re rtr"raft s*ste)s, Ne3s$ et a3 de)$strates the &i$e)ati"a3 a$d

p%er f3% si)i3arities f the ")p($d p3a$etar* 4ear har)$i" dri+e

a$d $(tati$4 )e"ha$is)s, $e f the first e9a)p3es f a $(tati$4

)e"ha$is) is prese$ted #* Tra"h)a$ et a3 here a $+e3 "$ti$((s3*

+aria#3e speed $(tati$4 tra"ti$ dri+e )e"ha$is) is a$a3*ed at the p%er

3e+e3s f a hi4h%a* +ehi"3e, The ($i(e$ess f this s*ste) ")es fr) the

speed +ariatr, This s*ste) (ti3ies r33i$4 "$i"a3 )e)#ers a$d stati$ar*

ri$4s astra"ti$ e3e)e$ts,

F:$'& 12 esi4$ a$d perati$4 pri$"ip3e f $(tati$4 tra"ti$ dri+e

The s*ste) is i33(strated i$ i4(re, The i$p(t )e)#er rtates a#(t

its a9is, The $(tati$4 "$es are asse)#3ed %ith a )isa3i4$)e$t $ the

i$p(t )e)#er, The a9ia33* )+a#3e $$rtati$4 ri$4s are i$ t("h %ith

the $(tati$4 "$es t fr"e the) t rtate a#(t their a9is f s*))etr*,

The (tp(t )e)#er is "$$e"ted t the $(tati$4 "$es #* a 4ear

)e"ha$is), The speed "ha$4e is a"hie+ed #* the a9ia33* )+i$4 the ri$4

)e)#ers, The d(ra#i3it* f the s*ste) fr a 100HP app3i"ati$ is f($d

+er* hi4h if the "$ta"ti$4 s(rfa"es are )a$(fa"t(red %ith "$+e$ti$a3

#eari$4(a3it* stee3s

7>


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`

2. J+


40/66

`

passi+e t pte$tia3 spar&s i$d("ed #* the )eshi$4 4ears i$ the 4ear#9,

The "asi$4s )a$(fa"t(red #* these )ateria3s see) t ha+e se+era3

disad+a$ta4es 3i&e "rrsi$ resista$"e f3a))a#i3it* i$ perati$

e9pe$si+e a$d tedi(s t )a$(fa"t(re )a"hi$e repair )ai$tai$ a$d

i$spe"t hi4h %eari$4 te$de$"ies 3% da)pi$4 prperties a$d 3% 3ife,

These disad+a$ta4es "a$ #e +er")e #* rep3a"i$4 the 4ear#9 "asi$4s

%ith stre$4the$ed Lithia Ptash rsi3i"ate /3ass, This t*pe f 43ass has

a33 the prperties that %(3d "ertif* its (se i$ he3i"pter tra$s)issi$

s*ste) 4ear#9es, I$ additi$ it has )a$* ther attri#(tes that "a$ #e

e9p3ited t +er")e the shrt")i$4s i$ E3e&tr$ ;E


41/66

`

A he3i"pter is a$ air"raft %hi"h is prpe33ed a$d 3ifted #* rtrs

"$sisti$4 f t% r )re rtr #3ades, The he3i"pter is (sed fr +ari(s

perati$s 3i&e res"(e )edi"a3 e+a"(ati$ a$d as a$ #ser+ati$ p3atfr),

He3i"pters are a3s (sed i$ fire fi4hti$4 t(ri$4 as a$ aeria3 "ra$e

344i$4 pers$$e3 tra$sprt a$d e3e"tr$i" $e%s 4atheri$4 3a%

e$fr"e)e$t )i3itar* a$d fr p3eas(re 1F, He3i"pters (se the tra$s)issi$

s*ste) t tra$sfer the p%er prd("ed #* its e$4i$es t the rtrs t

pr+ide prp(3si$ t the air"raft, /e$era33* a he3i"pter is e(ipped %ith

f(r 4ear #9es %hi"h t4ether ")prise the tra$s)issi$ s*ste) as sh%$

i$ fi4(re 17,

T i33(strate a he3i"pter 4ear #9 "asi$4 the I$ter)ediate /ear 9

I/D is "$sidered, A "))$3* (sed I/ is sh%$ i$ fi4(re 1< #e3%,

i4(re 15 sh%$ #e3% depi"ts the "(t se"ti$ f the I$ter)ediate /ear

9 I/D t sh% the i$$er "hr)i() "ati$4 (sed,

F:$'& 14I$ter)ediate 4ear 9,


42/66

`

F:$'& 15 C,S f the i$ter)ediate 4ear #9

2.7 D,- G.! L&=9 ,- J+


43/66

`

2.10 D+$:,* G. M,9 M,'/! M,' . D,*1.!1770F.! "H&9+%/&'

G&,'M&*< ANC C+9&%/ D&+*/',/+#! A"ti+e $ise "$tr3 ANCD

has si4$ifi"a$t pte$tia3 fr i)pr+i$4 "a#i$ $ise i$ he3i"pters, $e f

the )st irritati$4 ")p$e$ts f he3i"pter i$terir $ise ")es fr) hi4h

fre(e$"* Str("t(re #r$e 4ear)esh t$es 4e$erated %ithi$ the

tra$s)issi$ 4ear #9, The "ha33e$4es i$ the "$tr3 desi4$ fr this

pr#3e) res(3t fr) the hi4h fre(e$"ies i$+3+edM fr) =00 H t 5 &H,

S)a33 "ha$4es i$ the s*ste) d*$a)i"s r dist(r#a$"e fre(e$"* "a$

res(3t i$ si4$ifi"a$t "ha$4es i$ the tra$sfer f($"ti$s #et%ee$ the a"t(atrs

a$d se$srs, Th(s adaptati$ is re(ired t retai$ sta#i3it* a$d

perfr)a$"e f the "$tr3 s3(ti$ i$ the prese$"e f rapid ti)e

+ariati$s, C$tr3 ar"hite"t(res a$d a34rith)s de+e3ped fr this

app3i"ati$ %i33 #e dis"(ssed, /reater tha$ 20 d perfr)a$"es has #ee$

a"hie+ed si)(3ta$e(s3* $ )(3tip3e hi4h fre(e$"* t$es $a$

e9peri)e$ta3 fa"i3it* desi4$ed t #e represe$tati+e f the he3i"pter 4ear

)esh $ise pr#3e), The perfr)a$"e %as sta#3* )ai$tai$ed %hi3e

si4$ifi"a$t "ha$4es i$ the s*ste) d*$a)i"s %ere i$trd("ed #* +ar*i$4 the

fre(e$"*,

2.11 K'+&*! M ,/*! ,- D&! F.!200.!"H&9+%/&' G,*

T$'?& E:&! T',***+! R+/+'* ,- S/'$9/$'&*#! This ($it ai)s

t 4i+e 3ear$ers the &$%3ed4e $e"essar* t ($dersta$d he3i"pter t(r#shaft e$4i$es tra$s)issi$s "$tr3s a$d str("t(res that i$f3(e$"e )der$

)a$(fa"t(ri$4 te"h$i(es, It %i33 a3s #rade$ the 3ear$erGs ($dersta$di$4

f t(r# shaft e$4i$es a$d their tra$s)issi$ s*ste)s t the )ai$ a$d tai3

rtrs a$d h% the* i$tera"t fr "$tr3 a$d sta#i3it* d(ri$4 f3i4ht, This

($it %i33 #e f #e$efit $t $3* t 3ear$ers st(d*i$4 at TEC Nati$a3

3e+e3 #(t a3s thse f33%i$4 a )der$ appre$ti"eship i$ he3i"pter

)a$(fa"t(re r )ai$te$a$"e as %e33 as thse ($der4i$4 air"raft trai$i$4


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`

%ith the ar)ed fr"es, The ($it a3s pr+ides s)e f the ($derpi$$i$4

&$%3ed4e re(ired fr thse ta&i$4 the E(rpea$ A+iati$ Safet*

A4e$"* EASAD part 66 e9a)i$ati$s a$d re(ire U$it 12 He3i"pter

Aerd*$a)i"s Str("t(res a$d S*ste)s a$d U$it 1< Prp(3si$,

2.12 T& ;,'! S&',% K9.!177!#T',***+ *;*/& -&*:#!

esi4$ f a tra$s)issi$ s*ste) %hi"h is #(i3d $ t red("e r i$"rease f

the tr(e a$d rtati$a3 speed is a )ai$ pr#3e) f p%er s*ste)s,

Espe"ia33* i$ air"rafts tra$s)issi$ s*ste)s are the )ai$ e3e)e$ts

#et%ee$ e$4i$e a$d ther e3e)e$ts, This reprt i$"3(des the desi4$ a$d the

e9p3a$ati$ f the steps f desi4$ f a tra$s)issi$ s*ste) f a he3i"pter,

Shrt3* s*ste) "$tai$s t% #asi" a9es %hi"h are "$$e"tr #et%ee$

e$4i$e a$d )ai$ rtr, Its )issi$ is t red("e the rtati$a3 speed a$d

i$"rease the tr(e, At the sa)e ti)e s*ste) pr+ides tra$sfr)ati$ f

dire"ti$ f )+e)e$ts,

2.13 M:$& A:& C


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`

has the sa)e f($"ti$s as the )ai$ rtr 4ear #9 th(4h the tai3 rtr

#3ades "a$ spi$ at a hi4her rtati$a3 speed si$"e the 3e$4th f the #3ades

is )("h s)a33er tip +e3"it* radi(s a$4(3ar +e3"it*D, A3th(4h

"3(t"hes +ar* %ith )de3 the t% )st "))$ are the #e3tdri+e$ a$d

"e$trif(4a3 arra$4e)e$ts, As fr e9a)p3e i$ the R22 he3i"pter fr)

R#i$s$ the "3(t"h arra$4e)e$t is #e3tdri+e$, I$ this arra$4e)e$t

)ai$3* see$ $ s)a33 he3i"pters the p(33e* $ the e$4i$e shaft is

"$$e"ted t a p(33e* $ the dri+i$4 shaft 4i$4 t the )ai$ rtr 4ear #9

a$d tai3 rtr 4ear#9, See i4(re 1, I$ a33 there are si9 p(33e*s a$d #e3ts

side#*side, The #e3ts are 3se3* fitted ar($d the e$4i$e a$d dri+i$4

shaft p(33e*s, I$ rder t )a&e the e$4i$e shaft p(33e* dri+e the tp p(33e*

the pi3t f the he3i"pter has t )+e a$ ad!(sta#3e p(33e* "a33ed the id3er

a$d p(sh it a4ai$st the #e3ts, This i$ t(r$ ti4hte$s the #e3t a$d a33%s the

e$4i$e shaft p(33e* t dri+e the dri+i$4 shaft,


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`

3. METHODLOGY

3.1 F+=9


47/66

`

F:$'& 16 Pr"ess f3%"hart,

3.2 B$-:&/


48/66

`

Tp3e+e3 desi4$ pr#3e) a$d "$strai$ts %ithi$ %hi"h it has t #e s3+ed

is psed as f33%s, The i$fr)ati$ re4ardi$4 the desi4$ a$d

)a$(fa"t(ri$4 f a e$4i$e tra$s)issi$ s*ste) i$ he3i"pter d(ri$4

e)er4e$"* "$diti$ he$"e, Pr!e"t ai) is t a"hie+e is t tra$sfr)ati$

f $e e$4i$e t a$ther e$4i$e %ith $e 4ear #9, ;he$ $e e$4i$e

fai3(re ""(rs the pi3t (se the "3(t"h dise$4a4e the )ai$ e$4i$e a$d

e$4a4e the e)er4e$"* e$4i$e fr the safe 3a$di$4 p(rpse $3*, Pr!e"t

%i33 #e ter)ed a s(""ess $3* if the )de3 is desi4$ed #(i3t a$d f3%$

%ithi$ a 2se)ester perid e9te$di$4 fr) A(4(st 2011 t -ar"h 2012,

i$a$"ia3 res(r"es a33"ated fr the pr!e"t are Rs 2>500 t Rs 75000,

T,?& 1 (d4et,

S.NO

PART NMBER

OF

PARTS

COST

PER

PART

(R*)

TOTAL COST

FOR PARTS

(R*)

1E3e"tri"

-trs

2 6000 12000

2 Prpe33er 1 1000 1000

7 /ear #9 1 10000 10000< C3(t"hes 2 2000


49/66

`

3.3 F,?'9,/+

3.3.1 G&,'

T% )eshi$4 4ears tra$s)itti$4 rtati$a3 )ti$, Nte that the s)a33er

4ear is rtati$4 faster, A3th(4h the 3ar4er 4ear is rtati$4 3ess (i"&3* its

tr(e is prprti$a33* 4reater, $e s(#t3et* f this parti"(3ar arra$4e)e$t

is that the 3i$ear speed at the ri) is the sa)e $ #th 4ears, A 4ear is a

rtati$4 )a"hi$e part ha+i$4 "(t teeth r "4s %hi"h )esh %ith a$ther

tthed part i$ rder t tra$s)it tr(e, T% r )re 4ears %r&i$4 i$

ta$de) are "a33ed a tra$s)issi$ a$d "a$ prd("e a )e"ha$i"a3 ad+a$ta4e

thr(4h a 4ear ratia$d th(s )a* #e "$sidered a si)p3e )a"hi$e, /eared

de+i"es "a$ "ha$4e the speed tr(e a$d dire"ti$ f ap%er s(r"e, The

)st "))$ sit(ati$ is fr a 4ear t )esh %ith a$ther 4earM h%e+er a

4ear "a$ a3s )esh a $$rtati$4 tthed part "a33ed a ra"& there#*

prd("i$4 tra$s3ati$ i$stead f rtati$,

F:$'& 1 /ear,


50/66

`

3.3.2 B&& G&,'

e+e3 4ears are 4ears %here the a9es f the t% shafts i$terse"t a$d the

tth#eari$4 fa"es f the 4ears the)se3+es are "$i"a33* shaped, e+e3

4ears are )st fte$ )($ted $ shafts that are 80 de4rees apart #(t "a$

#e desi4$ed t %r& at ther a$43es as %e33, The pit"h s(rfa"e f #e+e3

4ears is a "$e,

F:$'& 18 e+e3 4ear,

3.3.3 B&/ D'&

A #e3t is a 3p f f3e9i#3e )ateria3 (sed t 3i$& t% r )re rtati$4 shafts

)e"ha$i"a33*, e3ts )a* #e (sed as a s(r"e f )ti$ t tra$s)it p%er

effi"ie$t3* r t tra"& re3ati+e )+e)e$t, e3ts are 3ped +er p(33e*s, I$

a t% p(33e* s*ste) the #e3t "a$ either dri+e the p(33e*s i$ the sa)e

dire"ti$ r the #e3t )a* #e "rssed s that the dire"ti$ f the shafts is

ppsite, As a s(r"e f )ti$ a "$+e*r #e3t is $e app3i"ati$ %here

the #e3t is adapted t "$ti$((s3* "arr* a 3ad #et%ee$ t% pi$ts

50


51/66

`

F:$'& 17 e3t dri+e,

3.3.4 T, R+/+'

The tai3 rtr r a$titr(e rtr is a s)a33er rtr )($ted s that it

rtates +erti"a33* r $ear+erti"a33* at the e$d f the tai3 f a traditi$a3

si$43ertr he3i"pter, The tai3 rtrKs psiti$ a$d dista$"e fr) the

"e$ter f 4ra+it* a33% it t de+e3p thr(st i$ the sa)e dire"ti$ as the

)ai$ rtrKs rtati$ t "($ter the tr(e effe"t "reated #* the )ai$ rtr,

Tai3 rtrs are si)p3er tha$ )ai$ rtrs si$"e the* re(ire $3* "33e"ti+e

"ha$4es i$ pit"h t +ar* thr(st, The pit"h f the tai3 rtr #3ades is

ad!(sta#3e #* the pi3t +ia the a$titr(e peda3s %hi"h a3s pr+ide

dire"ti$a3 "$tr3 #* a33%i$4 the pi3t t rtate the he3i"pter ar($d its

+erti"a3 a9is, The tai3 rtr dri+e s*ste) "$sists f a shaft p%ered fr)

the )ai$ tra$s)issi$ a$d a 4ear#9 )($ted at the e$d f the tai3 #),

The dri+e shaft )a* "$sist f $e 3$4 shaft r a series f shrter shafts

"$$e"ted at #th e$ds %ith f3e9i#3e "(p3i$4s that a33% the dri+e shaft t

f3e9 %ith the tai3 #), The 4ear#9 at the e$d f the tai3 #) pr+ides

a$ a$43ed dri+e fr the tai3 rtr a$d )a* a3s i$"3(de 4eari$4 t ad!(st the

(tp(t t the pti)() rtati$a3 speed fr the tai3 rtr )eas(red i$

rtati$s per )i$(te RP-D, $ 3ar4er he3i"pters %ith a tai3 p*3$

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The s%ash p3ate asse)#3* "$sists f t% parts the (pper a$d

3%er s%ash p3ates, The (pper s%ash p3ate "$$e"ts t the )ast r rtr

shaft thr(4h spe"ia3 3i$&a4es, As the e$4i$e t(r$s the rtr shaft it a3s

t(r$s the (pper s%ash p3ate a$d the rtr #3ade s*ste), This s*ste)

i$"3(des #3ade 4rips %hi"h "$$e"t the #3ades t a h(#, Ea"h h(# "$tai$s

a r(##er* #eari$4 sa$d%i"hed #et%ee$ )eta3 p3ates that a33% its #3ade t

f3ap (p r d%$, C$tr3 rds fr) the (pper s%ash p3ate ha+e a

"$$e"ti$ pi$t $ the h(#s )a&i$4 it pssi#3e t tra$sfer )+e)e$ts f

the (pper s%ash p3ate t the #3ades, A$d the h(#s the)se3+es )($t t the

)ast +ia the Bes(s $(t s $a)ed #e"a(se its fai3(re is said t #ri$4 a pi3t

fa"etfa"e %ith Bes(s,

The 3%er s%ash p3ate is fi9ed a$d des$Kt rtate, a33 #eari$4s 3ie

#et%ee$ the (pper a$d 3%er s%ash p3ates a33%i$4 the (pper p3ate t spi$

free3* $ tp f the 3%er p3ate, C$tr3 rds atta"hed t the 3%er s%ash

p3ate "$$e"t t the "*"3i" a$d "33e"ti+epit"h 3e+ers, ;he$ the pi3t

perates either f thse t% 3e+ers his r her i$p(ts are tra$s)itted +ia the

"$tr3 rds t the 3%er s%ash p3ate a$d the$ (3ti)ate3* t the (pper

s%ash p3ate,

Usi$4 this rtr desi4$ a pi3t "a$ )a$ip(3ate the s%ash p3ate

asse)#3* a$d "$tr3 the he3i"pterKs )ti$, ;ith the "*"3i" the s%ash

p3ate asse)#3* "a$ "ha$4e the a$43e f the #3ades i$di+id(a33* as the*

re+3+e, This a33%s the he3i"pter t )+e i$ a$* dire"ti$ ar($d a 760

de4ree "ir"3e i$"3(di$4 fr%ard #a"&%ard 3eft a$d ri4ht, The "33e"ti+e

a33%s the s%ash p3ate asse)#3* t "ha$4e the a$43e f a33 #3ades

si)(3ta$e(s3*, i$4 this i$"reases r de"reases the 3ift that the )ai$

rtr s(pp3ies t the +ehi"3e a33%i$4 the he3i"pter t 4ai$ r 3se a3tit(de

,N% itKs ti)e t see h% a33 these parts %r& t4ether t 4et the he3i"pterair#r$e,

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F:$'& 21 -ai$ rtr asse)#3*,

3.3.6 M9'+9+/'+&'

A )i"r"$tr33er s)eti)es a##re+iated WC (C r -CUD is a s)a33

")p(ter $ a si$43e i$te4rated "ir"(it "$tai$i$4 a pr"essr "re

)e)r* a$d pr4ra))a#3e i$p(t(tp(t periphera3s, Pr4ra) )e)r* i$

the fr) f NR f3ash r TP R- is a3s fte$ i$"3(ded $ "hip as %e33

as a t*pi"a33* s)a33 a)($t f RA-, -i"r"$tr33ers are desi4$ed fr

e)#edded app3i"ati$s i$ "$trast t the )i"rpr"essrs (sed i$ pers$a3

")p(ters r ther 4e$era3 p(rpse app3i"ati$s, -i"r"$tr33ers are (sed

i$ a(t)ati"a33* "$tr33ed prd("ts a$d de+i"es s("h as a(t)#i3e

e$4i$e "$tr3 s*ste)s i)p3a$ta#3e )edi"a3 de+i"es re)te "$tr3s

ffi"e )a"hi$es app3ia$"es p%er t3s t*s a$d ther e)#edded

s*ste)s, * red("i$4 the sie a$d "st ")pared t a desi4$ that (ses a

separate )i"rpr"essr )e)r* a$d i$p(t(tp(t de+i"es

)i"r"$tr33ers )a&e it e"$)i"a3 t di4ita33* "$tr3 e+e$ )re de+i"es

a$d pr"esses, -i9ed si4$a3 )i"r"$tr33ers are "))$M i$te4rati$4

a$a34 ")p$e$ts $eeded t "$tr3 $$di4ita3 e3e"tr$i" s*ste)s, S)e

)i"r"$tr33ers )a* (se f(r#it %rds a$d perate at "3"& rate

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fre(e$"ies as 3% as < &H fr 3% p%er "$s()pti$ )i33i%atts r

)i"r%attsD, The* %i33 4e$era33* ha+e the a#i3it* t retai$ f($"ti$a3it*

%hi3e %aiti$4 fr a$ e+e$t s("h as a #(tt$ press r ther i$terr(ptM p%er

"$s()pti$ %hi3e s3eepi$4 CPU "3"& a$d )st periphera3s ffD )a* #e

!(st $a$%atts )a&i$4 )a$* f the) %e33 s(ited fr 3$4 3asti$4 #atter*

app3i"ati$s, ther )i"r"$tr33ers )a* ser+e perfr)a$"e"riti"a3 r3es

%here the* )a* $eed t a"t )re 3i&e a di4ita3 si4$a3 pr"essr SPD

%ith hi4her "3"& speeds a$d p%er "$s()pti$,

3.3. S=,*< %,/&

A s%ash p3ate is a de+i"e (sed i$ )e"ha$i"a3 e$4i$eeri$4 t tra$s3ate the

)ti$ f a rtati$4 shaft i$t re"ipr"ati$4 )ti$ r t tra$s3ate a

re"ipr"ati$4 )ti$ i$t a rtati$4 $e t rep3a"e the "ra$&shaft i$ e$4i$e

desi4$s,The s%ash p3ate "$sists f t% )ai$ parts: a stati$ar* s%ash

p3ate a$d a rtati$4 s%ash p3ate, The stati$ar* (terD s%ash p3ate is

)($ted $ the )ai$ rtr )ast a$d is "$$e"ted t the "*"3i" a$d

"33e"ti+e "$tr3s #* a series f p(shrds, It is a#3e t ti3t i$ a33 dire"ti$s

a$d )+e +erti"a33*, The rtati$4 i$$erD s%ash p3ate is )($ted t the

stati$ar* s%ash p3ate #* )ea$s f a #eari$4 a$d is a33%ed t rtate %ith

the )ai$ rtr )ast, A$ a$tirtati$ 3i$& pre+e$ts the i$$er s%ash fr)

rtati$4 i$depe$de$t3* f the #3ades %hi"h %(3d app3* tr(e t the

a"t(atrs, The (ter s%ash t*pi"a33* has a$ a$tirtati$ s3ider as %e33 t

pre+e$t it fr) rtati$4, th s%ash p3ates ti3t (p a$d d%$ as $e ($it,

The rtati$4 s%ash p3ate is "$$e"ted t the pit"h hr$s #* the pit"h 3i$&s,

A3ter$ati+e )e"ha$i"s t the stati$ar* (terD s%ash p3ate are the he9apd

a$d the ($i+ersa3 !i$t, S%ash p3ates fr he3i"pters ha+i$4 t% rtrs

)($ted $ the sa)e shaft are )("h )re ")p3e9 tha$ the si$43e rtr

he3i"pters,

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3.3.8 +': %'+9&**

Ta&e the airfra)e f the he3i"pter a$d fi9 the 4ear asse)#3* i$ the

airfra)e ,here %e are (si$4 the #e+e3 4ear the$ fi9 the shaft i$ the "e$ter fthe 4ear asse)#3*,

F:$'& 22 S%ash p3ate asse)#3*,

The $e e$d f the shaft is "$$e"ti$4 %ith the 4ear asse)#3* a$d

ther e$d f the shaft is "$$e"ti$4 %ith the )ai$ rtr ,i$ #et%ee$ the

4ear asse)#3* a$d the )ai$ rtr the set (p is "a33ed s%ash p3ate, Thes%ash p3ate is a )e"ha$i"a3 de+i"e that "$$e"ts the )ai$ rtr #3ade %ith

the thrtt3e sti"&, S%ash p3ate has t% p3ates that is (pper p3ate a$d 3%er

p3ate, Upper p3ate is ad!(sta#3e a$d 3%er p3ate is fi9ed $e, The (pper

p3ate is "$$e"ted %ith the )ai$ rtr #3ade, The (pper p3ate is ad!(sta#3e

s it )a&es the "ha$4e i$ a$43e i$ the #3ade, S it "a$ a#3e t "$tr3 the

)+e)e$t i$ the he3i"pter s("h as "*"3i" a$d pit"h "$tr3 et", A$d the$

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i$sert the h(# i$ the tp f the shaft, The p(rpse f the h(# is t h3d the

)ai$ rtr #3ade +er* ti4ht3* %ith the 3%er +i#rati$ as pssi#3e,

F:$'& 23pri)ar* )tr,

The$ fi9 the pri)ar* )tr as +erti"a33* )($ted $e %hi"h is

$earer t the 4ear asse)#3*, The (tp(t shaft f the pri)ar* )tr is fi9ed

%ith the 4ear tth ,the 4ear tth f the (tp(t shaft is "$$e"ted %ith

4ear asse)#3*, After that "he"& (t the "$$e"ti$ rtate the )tr the

)ai$ rtr is a3s rtati$4, The$ "$$e"t the pri)ar* )tr %ith the p%er

s(r"e ,fr that "$$e"ts the pri)ar* )tr %ith the #atter* #* the speed

"$tr33er, The speed "$tr33er has t% "$$e"ti$s $e is "$$e"ted %ith

the #atter* a$d ther $e is "$$e"ted %ith the re"ei+er,

Here %e are (si$4 the 7 "ha$$e3 tra$s)itter ,s the pi$ is "$$e"ti$4

%ith the 7 "ha$$e3, efre 4i+i$4 the p%er s(r"e t the pri)ar* )tr

s%it"h $ the tra$s)itter ,if $t re"ei+i$4 the si4$a3 is (ite ")p3i"ated

,the$ "he"& (t the "$$e"ti$ #* risi$4 the speed f the pri)ar* )tr if

the "$$e"ti$ is ri4ht the pri)ar* rtr rtate faster as he pri)ar*

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)tr ,The$ ta&e the #e3t !i$t t e$4a4e the tai3 rtr %ith the airfra)e

,here tai3 rtr p%er is 4ather fr) the 4ear asse)#3*, s ta&e the #e+e3

4ear asse)#3* t "$$e"t the tai3 rtr ,the (tp(t f the 4ear tth is

"$$e"t %ith the p(33e* ,the #e3t is t tra$s)it the p%er t the tai3 rtr

%ith )i$i)() p%er 3ss the ther e$d f #e3t is "$$e"ted %ith the

p(33e* , The p(33e* is "$$e"ti$4 %ith the tai3 rtr h(#, N% the e$tire set

(p f the 7d he3i"pter is 4et read* %ith pri)ar* rtr,

F:$'& 24E$tire he3i"pter set (p,

T set the se"$dar* )tr t the tra$s)issi$ s*ste) f the

he3i"pter, I$sert the %de$ pad #e3% the airfra)e a$d )a&e the #3t fr

fi$e "$$e"ti$ ,here i$ a""rda$"e f red("i$4 the %ei4ht f thehe3i"pter %e are i$sert the s)a33 )tr %hi"h "apa#3e t )ai$tai$ the

sta#i3it* ,fi9 the se"$dar* )tr i$ the %de$ pad a$d (tp(t f the

se"$dar* )tr is "$$e"t %ith the 4ear asse)#3*, After that 4i+e the

p%er t the se"$dar* )tr 3i&e pri)ar* )tr, After a33 thse

arra$4e)e$t i$sta33s the )i"r"$tr33er, -i"r"$tr33er is a$ e3e"tr$i"

de+i"e that is pr4ra))a#3e ,the pr4ra) is t i$sta33 i$ the)i"r"$tr33er "hip, The i$str("ti$ 4i+e$ t the "hip is "$tr33i$4 the

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)e"ha$i"a3 de+i"e ,the (se f the )i"r"$tr33er i$ (r pr!e"t is sh%ed

#e3%,

F:$'& 25 3"& dia4ra) f tra$s)issi$ s*ste),

Here the )i"r"$tr33er is se$si$4 the speed f the pri)ar* )tr

,if the rp) f the pri)ar* )tr is 4et red("ed 4rad(a33* the)i"r"$tr33er is a(t)ati"a33* start the se"$dar* )tr, After that p(t

the h3e $ the %de$ pad a$d )a&e the #3t atta"h)e$t t the atta"h the

s&id 4ear %ith the airfra)e,

4. RESLT AND DISCSSION

The ai) f (r pr!e"t is t a+id the he3i"pter a""ide$t #* #a"& (p

tra$s)issi$ s*ste), Here %e s(""eed $ the #a"& (p tra$s)issi$

s*ste) ,here %e are (si$4 the )i"r"$tr33er fr the #a"&(p tra$s)issi$,

The )i"r"$tr33er is se$si$4 the (tp(t rp) f the )ai$ )tr ,s(ppse

the speed f the )ai$ )tr is 4rad(a33* red("ed the #a"&(p s*ste) is

a(t)ati"a33* 4et $ t )ai$tai$ the sta#i3it* f the he3i"pter If the )ai$

p%er is s%it"h a3s ,here the speed f the se"$dar* )tr is 70 f the

pri)ar* )tr this is $3* fr the %ei4ht red("e pr"ess ,a$d a3s %e are

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(si$4 #a"&(p s*ste) fr $3* the e)er4e$"* 3a$di$4 ,the e)er4e$"*

3a$di$4 is fr sa+i$4 the 3ife f the passe$4er , The$ a33 thi$& a#(t the

a(trtati$ fr the safe 3a$di$4 %hi3e e)er4e$"*, Yes it a3s a safe

3a$di$4 s*ste) #(t a(trtati$ he3i"pter is %a$t t f3* i$ #e3%


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he3i"pter tra$s)issi$ s*ste), e"a(se He3i"pter is a hi4h3* %ei4ht

f3*i$4 )e"ha$is) sti33 %e had added the %ei4ht $ the tra$s)issi$ s*ste)

fr the #a"&(p tra$s)issi$ s*ste) a$d the$ %e are $t %r& (t i$ the

f3i4ht test,

5. REFERENCES

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>, Le)a$s&i A, B, 2006 'Varia#3e Speed P%er Tra$s)issi$

S*ste)@ U,S, Pate$t N, = 17 6,

8, Lit+i$ ,L, ;a$4 B,C, ss3er R,, Br, Che$ Y,B,, Heath

/, Le%i"&i ,/, "t 1882 'a"e/ear ri+es: esi4$

A$a3*sis a$d Testi$4 fr He3i"pter Tra$s)issi$

App3i"ati$s@ NASA Te"h$i"a3 -e)ra$d() $ 106101 p 16,

10, Lit+i$ ,L, 18>8 'Ther* f /eari$4@ NASA Refere$"e

P(#3i"ati$ 1212 AVSC- Te"h$i"a3 Reprt >>C075,

11, Lit+i$ ,L, e"e)#er 188= ' e+e3p)e$t f /ear Te"h$34*

a$d Ther* f /eari$4@Refere$"e P(#3i"ait 1


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15, R(se N,E, 18>7 ' Effi"ie$t $e% dri+e has a se"ret it

%##3es@ P%er Tra$s)issi$ esi4$ +3, 25 iss(e 2 p, 2127 'esi4$ St(d* f a 7=5 &; He3i"pter

Tra$s)issi$ %ith Sp3itTr(e Epi"*"3i" a$d e+e3 ri+e

Sta4es@ Pr"eedi$4s f the I$stit(ti$ f -e"ha$i"a3 E$4i$eers

Part C: -e"ha$i"a3 E$4i$eeri$4 S"ie$"e + 18= p 21722

Documents

Fabrication of Helicopter Engine Transmission System