FAA 19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference Overview of FAA Airplane Security Activities Dionne Krebs and Matt Schack Federal Aviation Administration

FAAFAA

19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference

Overview of FAA Airplane Security Activities

Dionne Krebs and Matt Schack

Federal Aviation Administration

FAAFAA

19th Annual FAA/JAA International Conference 2

Topics of Discussion

• Background

• U.S. Congressional Actions

• Related FAA Activities

• ICAO Actions

• Next Steps

• Summary

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9/11/01TerroristAttacks onthe UnitedStates

Background: Airplane Security

1997ICAO adopts Amdt 97 to Annex 8 “Design for Security”

9/16/01: U.S. SOT formsRapid Response Teams- Airplane Security- Airport Security

10/9/01: SFAR 92 IssuedPermits operators to modifyflightdeck doors without complying with certain requirements

10/17/01: SFAR 92-1 Issued Revises applicability to include cargo operators

10/01: ATA creates TaskForce Teams to respond to RRT recommendations

10/1/01: Airplane Security RRT publishes 17 recommendations

9/27/01: President BushAnnounces measures toincrease aviation safety/security

3/2000ICAO Amdt 97 to Annex 8 “Design for Security” becomes effective

6/2000FAA revises ARAC tasking to includeintrusion resistance for flightdeck doors

1999FAA tasks ARAC with developing harmonizedsecurity related design provisions

11/5/01: Most ATA Task Force Teams submit reports to the FAA

11/9/01: TAEIG acceptsARAC recommendations for flightdeck doors

11/19/01: SFAR 92-2 IssuedAllows cabin crew to retain flightdeck door key if internal locking device is installed

11/19/01: U.S. CongressEnacts the Aviation andTransportation SecurityAct (Public Law 107-71)

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U.S. Congressional Actions

Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA)

was enacted on November 19, 2001:• creates Transportation Security Administration (TSA)

• addresses Federal Air Marshals, airport access security

(baggage, people, etc.), passenger security fees

• establishes procedures/guidelines for emergency

notification, crew training

• affects airplane design and operational procedures

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FAA Aircraft Certification has prime responsibility for the following sections of the Act:

• 104(a)(1): Issue an order to prohibit access to flight deck,

strengthen flight deck doors and locks, require locking of flight

deck door, and prohibit possession of flight deck door key.• 104(a)(2): Take any other action necessary to ensure safety and

security of aircraft.• 104(b): Evaluate video monitoring, transponders, and procedures

for flight crew awareness• 104(c): Investigate means to secure commuter aircraft

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FAA Flight Standards has prime responsibility for the following sections of the Act:

• 107: Flight and cabin crew training• 109(a)(6): Enhanced security measures (requirements for pilot

licenses)• 113: Flight school security• 126: Less than lethal weaponry for flightdeck crews• 128: Flightdeck security (use of firearms by flight crews)• 131: Voluntary provision of emergency services during commercial

flights

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FAA Airplane Security Rulemaking Actions

Part 25 BulkheadNPRM

Misc. Part 25 (Design for Security) NPRM

Part 121 TransponderNPRM

Decision re: mandating

modifications for Part 23 airplanes

ATSA 104(a)(2) ATSA 104(b) ATSA 104(c)ATSA 104(a)(1)

IAR to expand applicability of

SFAR 92and Part 25/121 IAR to

Part 129 operators

Part 25/121 DoorIAR (effective 1/15/02)

Fut

ure

Act

ions

Part 121 Crew Awareness NPRM

Acc

ompl

ishe

d A

ctio

ns

Prohibit access, strengthen doors, lock doors, prohibit possession of door keys

Take any other actionEvaluate video monitoring, transponders and crew alerting

Investigate means to secure commuter aircraft

SFAR 92-3 (effective 1/15/02)

SFAR 92-4 (effective 3/19/02)

Decision re: expandedapplicability for part 121

Door Retrofit (to other operational parts)

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Related FAA Rulemaking Activities

FAA planned response to section 104(a)(1) of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act:• SFAR 92-3 (effective on 1/15/02)

• Mandates that flight deck doors on part 121 operated passenger airplanes and those cargo airplanes with doors installed be

modified in accordance with the provisions of the SFAR • Compliance time for modification is 45 days after effective date• Permits N-registered airplanes operated under part 129 to be

modified under the provisions of the SFAR (modification not mandatory)

• SFAR 92-4 (effective on 3/19/02)• Removes termination date with respect to operators modifying

airplanes

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FAA planned response to section 104(a)(1) of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act: (continued)

• Immediately Adopted Rule (IAR) (effective on 1/15/02):– Adopts a part 25 performance standard for flight deck door

• Impact Resistance: 300J at critical locations, 250 lb tensile load on

knob or handle• Ballistic Resistance: level IIIa of NIJ 0101.04 (small arms fire and

fragmentation devices)

– Mandates a part 121 rule to require installation of flight deck doors meeting the new part 25 performance standard

• Applicable to those airplanes required to have doors and for cargo

airplanes with doors currently installed• Compliance date April 9, 2003

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FAA planned response to section 104(a)(1) of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act: (continued)

• IAR (effective on 1/15/02): continued

– Prohibits crew members (other than flightdeck crew members) from possessing keys to the flightdeck door

– Requires flightdeck doors to remain locked while the aircraft is being operated

– Requires procedures for accessing flightdeck

– Requires means to address flightdeck crew incapacitation

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FAA planned response to section 104(a)(1) of Aviation and Transportation Security Act: (continued)

• IAR (effective on 1/15/02): continued– Invites comments on the rule itself

– Solicits comments regarding whether flightdeck doors meeting the new part 25 performance standards should be required for operations and aircraft beyond part 121/25

• Advisory Circulars related to the new performance standards:

– 25.795-1 “Flightdeck Intrusion Resistance” dated 1/10/02

– 25.795-2 “Flightdeck Penetration Resistance” dated 1/10/02

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FAA planned response to section 104(a)(2) of Aviation and Transportation Security Act:

• Issue NPRM to:– Propose a part 25 performance standard for flight deck door

installations (including bulkheads, floors, ceilings, etc.)

• Consistent with ARAC harmonized recommendations with respect to flight deck doors

• Issue NPRM to:– Propose a part 25 performance standard for the other design

provisions of the ARAC harmonized recommendations

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FAA planned response to section 104(a)(2) of Aviation and Transportation Security Act: (continued)

• Evaluate if an NPRM is needed to:– Expand the applicability of the part 25 performance standards to

the following operations: 91, 121 cargo without doors, 125, 129, and 135

• Based on comments solicited in the IAR (part 25/121 door retrofit rule)

• Based on response from international authorities (for part 129)

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FAA planned response to section 104(b) of Aviation and Transportation Security Act:

• Issue an NPRM to:– Mandate that transponders provide continuous transmission

• Part 121 rule with policy memo

• Issue an NPRM to:– Address flight crew awareness

• Monitoring• Crew Alerting

– In consideration of ICAO Annex revisions

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FAA planned response to section 104(c) of Aviation and Transportation Security Act:• Evaluate if an NPRM is needed to:

– Expand the applicability of the flight deck door retrofit rule and future rulemaking to part 23 airplanes (commuter aircraft)

• Based on comments solicited from:

– IAR (Part 25/121 door retrofit rule)

– ACE letter to constituents and FCAA’s

– Notice of Request for Comments (due 5/25/02)

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FAA Certification Policy

FAA Transport Airplane Directorate memos summarize existing regulations and policy for the following:• Video camera monitoring systems (10/5/01)

• Cabin to flight deck alerting systems (10/29/01)

• Strengthened flight deck doors (5/14/02)

• Transponders (in-work)

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Current Certification Projects

• 65 applications for airplane security related certification projects

– strengthened flight deck doors – video camera monitoring systems– crew alerting systems– external door locks for cargo airplane

• Full compliance with existing airworthiness requirements must be shown

• High priority within FAA

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FAA Operational/Procedural Activities

FAA actions in response to the Aviation & Transportation Security Act:

• Defensive practices in flight (Section 107, 126 and 128)

– FAA to evaluate lethal and non-lethal weaponry

– FAA to evaluate defensive aircraft maneuvers

• Crew training (Section 107)– FAA to develop detailed guidance for air carrier flight and cabin

crew training (completed 1/18/02)

– Air Carriers to develop revised crew training based on updated FAA guidance (completed 3/20/02)

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FAA Operational/Procedural Activities

FAA actions in response to the Aviation & Transportation Security Act : (continued)

• Personnel Licensing (Section 109(a)(6))– FAA to study the feasibility of requiring all pilot licenses to

incorporate a photograph of the license holder and appropriate biometric imprints

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ICAO Actions

• In March 2002, ICAO adopted airplane security standards to require:

– reinforced cockpit doors

– cockpit doors to remain closed and locked during aircraft operation

– systems permitting pilots to monitor the area outside of the cockpit

– flight attendants to discreetly notify pilots of suspicious activity

– expanded security training

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ICAO Actions

• Those adopted security standards:

– apply to civil aircraft operated on international flights of more than 60 passengers

– are effective November 1, 2003

• ICAO also adopted a recommendation to extend those standards to domestic flights and to smaller airplanes

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Next Steps

• FAA expectations regarding modification of part 129 operated airplane flightdeck doors clearly stated in Rulemaking Documents:

– FAA expects that airplanes operated to and from the U.S. will be modified to install internal locking devices (“Phase 1” modification) by April 2002

– FAA expects that airplanes operated to and from the U.S. will have “Phase 2” improved flightdeck security by April 9, 2003

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Next Steps

• FAA is monitoring actions of other regulatory authorities to determine whether specific rulemaking in part 129 is necessary

– FAA and IATA surveys of international community shows that approximately 30 percent have not taken steps to secure flightdeck doors

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Summary

• Flightdeck security is a critical issue for the U.S. and is now mandated by law.

• The international community has recognized this issue; ICAO has mandated similar measures.

• Foreign air carriers operating to the U.S. are expected to comply with enhanced security measures in a manner similar to U.S. carriers.