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CAD Package for Electromagnetic and Thermal
Analysis using Finite Elements
FLUX2D ApplicationGeneric tutorial
of
geometry and mesh
Copyright February 2006
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FLUX is a registered trademark.
FLUX software : COPYRIGHT CEDRAT/INPG/CNRS/EDF
FLUX tutorials : COPYRIGHT CEDRAT
FLUX's Quality Assessment
(Electricit de France, registered number AQMIL013)
This tutorial was edited on 6 February 2006
Ref.: K205-920-EN-02/06
CEDRAT
15 Chemin de Malacher - Inovalle
38246 Meylan Cedex
FRANCE
Phone: +33 (0)4 76 90 50 45
Fax: +33 (0)4 56 38 08 30
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: http://www.cedrat.com
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How to get the most from this document
Introduction To help you use this tutorial more efficiently, it has:
adopted special formats (typographic conventions) for the most common
types of information
followed some rules to separate types of information: definition of new
concepts, generalities about specific features or logical sequence of
commands, etc.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
Information division, reading advice
FLUX files
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Information division, reading advice
Different types
of informationYou will find in this document the following different types of information:
definitions of new concepts used by FLUX and general information about
specific features actions you must perform to construct the model.
Organization
informationThe organization of the chapters is the following.
all topics beginning with a verb (create, add, assign, ) contain
information about actions you must complete
all topics beginning with the word about contain definitions or general
information about specific features.
Reading advice If you are a beginner with FLUX, it is recommended that you read and work
through the complete text of the chapters.
If you are an experienced user of FLUX, you may be able to enter the
problem information quickly without having to read the about paragraphs.
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FLUX files
FLUX files
locationFLUX files corresponding to the problem studied in this tutorial are included
in the CD-ROM:
PROBE_2D.FLU WHEEL_BASE_2D.FLU
SENSOR_2D.FLU
If you install FLUX with the documentation and the examples, files are
placed in the folder:
C:\CEDRAT (or your installation folder)
\Flux_XXX_Doc_examples\Examples\Tutorials\F2D_Tutorial_Geometry
&mesh
Use of FLUXfiles
The FLUX files, included in the CD-ROM, are ready to be used.
You can refer to these files in case of difficulties completing this tutorial, or
to directly adapt this tutorial to your needs, without going through all the
steps to construct the model.
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FLUX9.20 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART A: GENERAL INFORMATION..........................................................1
1. Overview.................................................................................................................................3
1.1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................4
1.2.The studied device: a variable reluctance speed sensor .................................................5
1.3.The device description in FLUX: which strategy? ............................................................6
2. Get started with FLUX ...........................................................................................................9
2.1.Starting FLUX.................................................................................................................11
2.1.1. Start the FLUX Supervisor................................................................................................12
2.1.2. About the FLUX Supervisor ..............................................................................................132.2.Starting Preflux...............................................................................................................15
2.2.1. Open Preflux.....................................................................................................................16
GEOMETRY AND MESH TUTORIAL PAGE A
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FLUX9.20
PART B: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBE...............................................17
3. Geometry description of the probe object........................................................................19
3.1.Create a FLUX project for the probe.............................................................................. 21
3.1.1. Create a new project for the probe ...................................................................................22
3.1.2. About the Preflux window .................................................................................................233.1.3. About the Help menu / Users guide.................................................................................243.1.4. About the geometry context ..............................................................................................263.1.5. Name the project...............................................................................................................27
3.2.Strategy and tools for geometry description of the probe .............................................. 29
3.2.1. Available geometric tools and analysis before geometry description...............................303.2.2. Main phases for geometry description of the probe..........................................................32
3.3.Creation of geometric tools ............................................................................................ 33
3.3.1. About creation of an entity ................................................................................................343.3.2. About geometric parameters.............................................................................................363.3.3. Create the geometric parameters .....................................................................................373.3.4. About the Tools menu / toolbar.........................................................................................39
3.3.5. About selection of graphic entities ....................................................................................403.3.6. About modification and deletion of an entity.....................................................................423.3.7. About graphic view............................................................................................................453.3.8. Change the background color...........................................................................................473.3.9. About coordinate systems.................................................................................................483.3.10.Create the coordinate systems.........................................................................................50
3.4.Creation of points and lines for the probe base ............................................................. 53
3.4.1. About points ......................................................................................................................543.4.2. Create points for the probe base ......................................................................................553.4.3. About display of entities in the graphic scene...................................................................573.4.4. Display point numbers ......................................................................................................583.4.5. About lines ........................................................................................................................59
3.4.6. Create lines for the probe base.........................................................................................603.5.Building faces for the probe ........................................................................................... 63
3.5.1. About automatic construction............................................................................................643.5.2. Build faces of the probe base ...........................................................................................653.5.3. About transformations.......................................................................................................663.5.4. Create the geometric transformation ................................................................................683.5.5. About propagation and extrusion......................................................................................703.5.6. About selection by criterion...............................................................................................713.5.7. Propagate faces................................................................................................................72
4. Mesh generation of the probe object.................................................................................75
4.1.Strategy and tools for mesh generation of the probe..................................................... 77
4.1.1. Available meshing tools and analysis before mesh generation........................................784.1.2. Main phases for mesh generation of the probe ................................................................79
4.2.Creation and assignment of mesh points....................................................................... 81
4.2.1. Change to the mesh context .............................................................................................824.2.2. About the mesh context ....................................................................................................834.2.3. About meshing tools .........................................................................................................844.2.4. Create the mesh points.....................................................................................................864.2.5. Assign the mesh points to points ......................................................................................88
4.3.Meshing the probe ......................................................................................................... 91
4.3.1. Mesh lines and faces ........................................................................................................924.3.2. Delete the mesh ................................................................................................................93
4.3.3. Save and close the project................................................................................................94
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FLUX9.20
PART D: DESCRIPTION OF THE SENSOR........................................... 141
7. Geometry description of the sensor................................................................................143
7.1.Create a FLUX project for the sensor .......................................................................... 145
7.1.1. Create and name a new project for the sensor.............................................................. 146
7.2.Strategy and tools for geometric description of the sensor.......................................... 1477.2.1. Available geometric tools and analysis before geometry description............................ 1487.2.2. Main phases for geometric description .......................................................................... 149
7.3. Importation of the wheel base object and building the whole wheel ............................ 151
7.3.1. Import the wheel base object ......................................................................................... 1527.3.2. Geometry building process of the wheel........................................................................ 1537.3.3. Propagate the face (tooth) ............................................................................................. 1547.3.4. Extrude the line.............................................................................................................. 1577.3.5. Create an arc ................................................................................................................. 1597.3.6. Propagate the arc .......................................................................................................... 1617.3.7. Build faces...................................................................................................................... 163
7.4. Importation of the probe objects and positioning of the wheel and probes.................. 165
7.4.1. Import the first probe object ........................................................................................... 1667.4.2. Modify the parameters ................................................................................................... 1687.4.3. Import the second probe object ..................................................................................... 169
7.5.Completing the domain................................................................................................ 171
7.5.1. About an infinite box ...................................................................................................... 1727.5.2. Add an infinite box ......................................................................................................... 1737.5.3. Build faces...................................................................................................................... 174
8. Mesh generation of the sensor ........................................................................................175
8.1.Strategy and tools for mesh generation of the sensor ................................................. 177
8.1.1. Available meshing tools and analysis before mesh generation..................................... 178
8.1.2. Main phases for mesh description................................................................................. 1798.2.Modification and assignment of mesh points ............................................................... 181
8.2.1. Change to the mesh context .......................................................................................... 1828.2.2. Modify the mesh points.................................................................................................. 1838.2.3. Assign mesh points to points ......................................................................................... 184
8.3.Meshing the sensor...................................................................................................... 187
8.3.1. Mesh lines and faces ..................................................................................................... 1888.3.2. Save the project and close the Preflux window ............................................................. 190
9. Annex .................................................................................................................................191
9.1.Use of command files .................................................................................................. 193
9.1.1. About command files and the Python language............................................................ 1949.1.2. Execute command file.................................................................................................... 195
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FLUX9.20 Part A: General informationOverview
PART A: GENERAL INFORMATION
Introduction This part A contains the presentation of the studied device and the FLUX
software.
Contents This part contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
Overview 3
Get started with FLUX 9
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Part A: General information FLUX9.20Overview
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FLUX9.20 Part A: General informationOverview
1. Overview
Introduction This chapter presents the studied device (a variable reluctance speed sensor)
and the strategy of the device description in FLUX.
Contents This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
Introduction 4
The studied device: a variable reluctance speed sensor 5
The device description in FLUX: which strategy? 6
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Part A: General information FLUX9.20Overview
1.1. Introduction
Introduction FLUX is finite elements software for electromagnetic simulation. FLUX
handles the design and analysis of any electromagnetic device.
To perform a study with FLUX, you build a finite elements project. This
process is broken into 5 phases:
geometry description
mesh generation
description of the physical properties
solving process
analysis of the results
Only the first two phases are presented in this document.
Objective The objective of this document is discovery and mastering various
functionalities in the software through the example of a simple device.
The device, which will be used as example, is a variable reluctance speed
sensor described in the following paragraph.
The studied functionalities* of the software are those, related to the phases of
construction of the geometry and generation of the mesh.
The user will also find in this document useful information concerning the
software: description of the environment, data management, graphic
representation, etc.
* The functionalities of the software relatedto the following phases - description of
the physical properties, resolution, analysis of the results - are not detailed in this
document.
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FLUX9.20 Part A: General informationOverview
1.2. The studied device: a variable reluctance speed sensor
Introduction The device to be analyzed is a speed sensor.
Structure The variable reluctance speed sensor consists of a cogged wheel, a magnet
and a coil connected to a measuring resistance.
Functionality The rotation of the target wheel near the tip of the sensor changes the
magnetic flux, creating an analog voltage signal that can be recovered in
probes.
Typical
applicationsTypical applications are:
ignition system engine speed and position
speed sensing for electronically controlled transmissions
vehicle speed sensing
wheel speed sensing for ABS and traction control systems
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Part A: General information FLUX9.20Overview
1.3. The device description in FLUX: which strategy?
Problem How to describe the device in FLUX?
Reminder: we only are interested in geometrical construction and generation of the mesh.
Geometric
structureThe device consists of:
one cogged wheel with three teeth
two probes with a magnet and a coil around
PROBE 2
MAGNET 1
COIL 1-
COIL 1+
COIL 2-
COIL 2+
WHEEL
MAGNET 2
PROBE 1
Strategy Two strategies of description exist:
one-phase description:
- description of the whole device in only one FLUX project
two-phase description:
- independent description of separated parts of the device in several FLUX
projects
- merging the independent projects into one
The second strategy is selected in this tutorial.
Of course, the geometry can be built in ways other than the presented one. The
sensor geometry is defined in this particular way in order to introduce you to
the most used Preflux features.
Continued on next page
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FLUX9.20 Part A: General informationOverview
Process
(general
aspects)
An outline of the general construction process is given in the two following
blocks:
the first process (1) is presented to facilitate comprehension
the second process (2) is the real building process used in this document.
Process (1) An outline of the logical process of the geometry description is given in the
table below.
Phase Description
1 Probe description
2 Cogged wheel description
3 Sensor description
4 Addition of air around the device and closing of the domain
by the technique of the Infinite Box
Continued on next page
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Part A: General information FLUX9.20Overview
Process (2) An outline of the real process of the geometry description, used in this tutorial,
is given in the table below.
1 Probe description Project: PROBE_3D.FLU
2 Wheel base object description (elementary pattern) Project: WHEEL_BASE_3D.FLU
3 Sensor description Project: SENSOR_3D.FLU
Importation of the elementary pattern (WHEEL_BASE_3D)
Building of the whole wheel
Importation of a probe object (PROBE_3D)
Rotation of the probe and rotation of the cogged wheel
Importation of a probe object (PROBE_3D)
Addition of an Infinite Box
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FLUX9.20 Part A: General informationGet started with FLUX
2. Get started with FLUX
Introduction This chapter shows how to start working with FLUX and includes a
presentation of the FLUX Supervisor.
It also shows how to start Preflux, the preprocessor for FLUX 2D and FLUX
3D, and includes a brief introduction to Preflux.
More detailed information about Preflux menus and commands is presented
in 3.1.2 About the Preflux window.
Contents This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
Starting FLUX 11Starting Preflux 15
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Part A: General information FLUX9.20Get started with FLUX
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FLUX9.20 Part A: General informationGet started with FLUX
2.1. Starting FLUX
Introduction FLUX software is managed by a supervisor.
The new Supervisor for FLUX 9 organizes all the modules for both FLUX 2D
and FLUX 3D.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
Start the FLUX Supervisor 12
About the FLUX Supervisor 13
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Part A: General information FLUX9.20Get started with FLUX
2.1.1. Start the FLUX Supervisor
Goal Starting FLUX involves opening the FLUX Supervisor.
Action To start FLUX from the Windows taskbar:
1. Point on Start, Programs, Cedrat
(or your FLUX installation
directory)
and click on FLUX 9.2
Result The FLUX Supervisor window opens.
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FLUX9.20 Part A: General informationGet started with FLUX
2.1.2. About the FLUX Supervisor
The FLUX
Supervisor
window
The FLUX Supervisor organizes all the modules for both FLUX 2D and
FLUX 3D.
The FLUX Supervisor window is divided into several areas. These areas are
identified in the following figure and described in the table below.
Programmanager
My programs
Projectfiles
Directory
manager
Menu bar
Tool bar
Flux2D tab
Flux view(3D only)
Area Function
Program manager to list and launch all the FLUX modules
(Geometry&Physics, Circuit, etc.)
Directory manager to show the computers complete directory
Project files to display all FLUX projects in the selected directory
My programs contains shortcuts to the Dos Shell and the Explorer
Flux view to display a preview of the geometry, if a project is
selected
Some checks
before you
begin
From the FLUX Supervisor you should:
Select the FLUX 2D tab in order to access the specific FLUX 2D programs.
Access your working directory by selecting it in the supervisors directorymanager window.
Verify that the title of the Program manager area is the standard version
(Flux2D: Standard). If not, in the menu bar, select Versions and check
Standard.
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Part A: General information FLUX9.20Get started with FLUX
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FLUX9.20 Part A: General informationGet started with FLUX
2.2. Starting Preflux
Introduction Preflux is the preprocessor to describe the geometry, mesh and physical
properties of the studied device.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
Open Preflux 16
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Part A: General information FLUX9.20Get started with FLUX
2.2.1. Open Preflux
Goal The preprocessorPreflux will be opened to manage the geometry building of
the device and mesh generation.
Action To open Preflux from the FLUXSupervisor:
1. Click on theFlux2D tab
2. Select the directory
of the project3. Double-click on
Geometry&Physics
Result The Preflux window for FLUX 2D applications is opened.
There are two menus in the Preflux window: Project and Help*.
Menus bar
Project toolbar
* A new project must be created to see the complete set of Preflux commands.
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGet started with FLUX
PART B: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBE
Introduction This part B contains the geometry description and mesh generation of the
probe.
Project name The FLUX project is named PROBE_2D.FLU.
Contents This part contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
Geometry description of the probe object 19
Mesh generation of the probe object 75
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
3. Geometry description of the probe object
Introduction This chapter presents the general steps of the geometry construction and the
data required to describe the probe geometry.
The probe object is presented in the figure below.
COIL
MAGNET
Contents This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
Create a FLUX project for the probe 21
Strategy and tools for geometry description 29
Creation of geometric tools 33
Creation of points and lines for the probe base 53Building faces for the probe 63
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
3.1. Create a FLUX project for the probe
Introduction Each time that a FLUX program is started, it is possible to open an existing
project or create a new project.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
Create a new project for the probe 22
About the Preflux window 23
About the Help menu / Users guide 24
About the geometry context 26
Name the project 27
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
3.1.1. Create a new project for the probe
Goal At the beginning of the geometry description a new project will be created.
Action To create a new project from the
Project menu:
1. Click on New
OR
Project toolbar:
1. Click on the icon
Result FLUX retrieves a great deal of information from the database model in order
to build the proper database of the new project. The new project is
temporarily named ANONYMOUS.
The Preflux project window opens in the Geometry context by default. TheGeometry context icon is depressed, as shown in the following figure.
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
3.1.2. About the Preflux window
Preflux window The Preflux project window has the complete set of the tools to build the
geometry of the device, to mesh the computation domain and to visualize the
device during different steps of the construction.
Areas The Preflux project window is divided into three main areas. The different
areas can be resized or hid by using the arrows.
Graphic
sceneData tree
History zone
Area Function
Data tree displays all the problem data in a tree structure that is
expanded using the key
Graphic scene displays the graphic entities
History zone prints Python command instructions
Menus and
toolbarsAll Preflux commands are in the menus. Toolbars include icons that are
shortcuts to the most useful commands.
Menus
Toolbars
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
3.1.3. About the Help menu / Users guide
Introduction There are several ways to access the users guide information:
the complete users guide
the on-line help on an option
Method 1 To open the complete users guide in the FLUX Supervisor from the
Help menu:
1. Click on
Manual
OR
Help toolbar:
1. Click on the icon
Method 2 To open the complete users guide in Preflux from the Help menu:
1. Click on Contents
Method 3 To open the on-line help about an entity from its dialog box:
1. Click on the button
Continued on next page
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
Users guide The on-line version of the FLUX users guide is presented in the figure
below. The corresponding sections of the FLUX users guide can be opened
by clicking on the hyperlinks.
More information
about the FLUXSupervisor
Click on FLUX
Index
More information
on Geometry and
mesh
More information
on General tools
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
3.1.4. About the geometry context
Presentation There are three contexts in Preflux:
Context FunctionGeometry to build the geometry of the device
Mesh to mesh the computation domain
Physics* to define the materials, sources and to prepare the
regions
* The icon corresponding to the Physics context appears after the definition of the physicalapplication
Tools of the
geometry
context
After having activated the geometry context, toolbars dedicated to the
geometry description appear in the Prefluxwindow.
The different toolbars and their principal roles are briefly described below.
1 2 3 4 5
6
Geometry context toolbars Function
1 to create geometric entities
2 to propagate / extrude points, lines, etc.
3 to build faces
4 to compute geometric values
5 to check the geometry
6 to display point and line reference numbers
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
3.1.5. Name the project
Goal The new project, temporarily named ANONYMOUS, will be renamed and
saved.
Action To rename the project from the
Project menu:
1. Click on Save or
Save as
OR
Project toolbar:
1. Click on the icon
2. Type PROBE_2D
as project name
3. Click on Save
Note:The user can choose another name for the project and change the current project directory
(working directory), displayed in the Save In field at the top.
A periodic data backup is recommended.
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
3.2.1. Available geometric tools and analysis before geometrydescription
Available tools The tools available for the geometric construction are: geometric parameters,
coordinate systems and transformations.
Geometric tool Function
geometric parameter to allow the dimensional parameter setting of parts
coordinate system to facilitate the relative positioning of parts
transformation to allow the construction by propagation or extrusion
Device analysis
and choice of
construction
tools
An analysis of the device is necessary to determine the strategy of
construction and the choice of construction tools.
The analysis of the device and the construction tools chosen within the
framework of this tutorial are summarized in the table below.
The operations
it is planned
to enter the
coordinates of the
points
to create a PROBE_CS
Cartesian coordinate system
specific to the probe
PROBE_CS
to changedimensions of the
magnet and the
coil
to create 5 parameters for
setting the magnet and the
coil dimensions
MAG_H
COIL_H MAG_R
COIL_IR
COIL_OR
Continued on next page
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
Device analysis and choice of construction tools (continued)
The operations
it is planned
to locate the
probe in the final
project
(anticipation)
to create a MAIN_CSCartesian coordinate
system
(thePROBE_CS
coordinate system will be
attached to this
coordinate system)
to create an ANGLEparameter to define the
angular position of the
MAIN_CS coordinate
system
MAIN_CS
PROBE_CS
ANGLE
to simplify the
geometry
building
to create a MIRROR
transformation of the
affinity type to build
faces by propagation
MIRROR
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
3.2.2. Main phases for geometry description of the probe
Outline An outline of the geometry building process is presented in the table below.
Stage Description
1
Creation of 6
geometric
parameters
Inner radius of the coil: COIL_IR = 2.8 mm
Outer radius of the coil: COIL_OR = 3.5 mm
Height of the coil: COIL_H = 16 mm
Radius of the magnet: MAG_R = 2.5 mm
Height of the magnet: MAG_H = 20 mm
Angle for the probe angular position
in the final device: ANGLE = 0
2
Creation of 2
coordinate
systems
Cartesian coordinate system: MAIN_CS
(Global coordinate system for the probe positioning
in the final device)
Cartesian coordinate system: PROBE_CS(Local coordinate system for the probe description)
3Creation of points and lines for
the probe base
4Building faces for the probe
base
5Creation of 1
transformation Affine transformation for the probe: MIRROR
6
Building faces by propagation
(and preparation of the mesh
generator*)
* Explanation concerning this subject is presented in Available meshing tools and analysis
before mesh generation. (Refer to section About meshing tools on Linked MeshGenerator)
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3.3. Creation of geometric tools
Introduction The geometry building begins by the creation of geometric tools to build the
probe geometry: geometric parameters and coordinate systems.
The parameters and coordinate systems required to describe the geometry of
the probe are presented in the figure below.
MAG_H
COIL_H MAG_R
COIL_IR
COIL_OR
MAIN_CS
PROBE_CSANGLE
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
About creation of an entity 34
About geometric parameters 36
Create the geometric parameters 37
About the Tools menu / toolbar 39
About selection of graphic entities 40
About modification and deletion of an entity 40
About graphic view 45Change the background color 47
About coordinate systems 48
Create the coordinate systems 50
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
3.3.1. About creation of an entity
Definition of
entityAn entity is an object in the database of a FLUX project.
It can be:
a point, a line, a coordinate system, etc. in the Geometry context a mesh point, a mesh line, etc. in the Mesh context
a line region, a volume region, etc. in the Physics context
Creating
processAn outline of the creating process is presented in the table below. The
different steps are detailed in the blocks describing the creation of project
entities.
Step Description
1 Activating the New command
2 Definition of entity attributes
Access the
New
command
The access to the New command can be carried out:
from the Geometry menu bar (1)
using icons from the Geometry toolbar (2)
from the data tree (3)
These three methods to access the New command are presented in the
following figure (with the example of creation of a geometric parameter) and
described in the table below.
1
3
2
Method Description
1 point on the entity-type and click on New
2 click on the corresponding icon
3 double-click on the entity-type or right click and click on New
Continued on next page
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
Dialog box The interaction with the database is done using dialog boxes. The user can
enter information relating to the data in this box.
Entity-type:
Geometric parameter
Name
Comment
Characteristics
Title bar
On-line help
concerning the entity
The required fields (necessary and sufficient for the definition of the entity) are marked by anasterisk *.
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
3.3.2. About geometric parameters
Principle of use Geometric parameters are entities that can be used for the geometry building
of the device, i.e. for the definition of points, coordinate systems, geometric
transformations, infinite box dimensions and other geometric entities.
Defining parameters simplifies the construction of the geometry and enables
modifications to be made more easily later. Many changes can be made by
modifying only the definition of the parameters instead of modifying all the
individual points, lines or nodes that might be built using the parameters.
Parameters also can modify the scale of the geometry through their
relationship with coordinate systems.
Definition of
parametersThe geometric parameters are defined by the name and the algebraic
expressions.The algebraic expressions may contain:
constants
arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, **)
arithmetic functions allowed in FORTRAN (SQRT, LOG, SIN, etc.)
other parameters
combinations of any of these
Parameters and
measurement
units
Please note that parameters are independent of any unit of measurement. In
other words, the numerical value entered for a parameter is not changed when
the unit of measurement is changed. Any measurement unit associated with a
parameter derives from the coordinate system in which the parameter is used.
For example, a parameter's value may be 10 in a coordinate system with
millimeters as units. This parameter's value is still 10 whether the coordinate
system's units are changed to inches or meters or kilometers or any other
available unit. Thus, when you use parameters, you can also modify the scale
of a geometric feature without reentering each point or item.
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
3.3.3. Create the geometric parameters
Goal Six parameters, required to describe the geometry of the probe, are presented
in the figure below.
MAG_H
COIL_H MAG_R
COIL_IR
COIL_ORANGLE
MAGNET base
COIL base
Data The table below contains the values of the geometric parameters.
Geometric parameters
Name Comment Expression
COIL_IR Inner radius of the coil 2.8
COIL_OR Outer radius of the coil 3.5
COIL_H Height of the coil 16
ANGLE Angle of the probe position 0
MAG_R Radius of the magnet 2.5
MAG_H Height of the magnet 20
Continued on next page
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
Action To create the geometric parameters from the
Data tree:
1. Double-click
on Geometric parameter
OR
Geometry toolbar:
1. Click on the icon
2. Type COIL_IRas name
3. Type Inner radius of the coil as
comment4. Type 2.8 as algebraic expression for
the parameter
5. Click on OK
6. Repeat steps 2 to 5 in the new dialog,entering data for the remaining entities.
(see the table on the previous page)
7. Click on Cancel to quit the sequence
Result The geometric parameters are listed in the data tree:
Notice too, that as you move your cursor over the parameter names, the comments are
displayed to help you to identify the parameters.
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
3.3.4. About the Tools menu / toolbar
Undo command There is a FLUX command to undo operations. The user can use this
command if an error was made.
There are two possibilities described in the table below.
Method Function
1 to undo the previous operation to undo the last action
2 to undo several operations to undo all actions up to the indicated
action
Method 1 To undo the previous operation from the Tools toolbar:
1. Click on the icon
Method 2 To undo several operations from the
Tools menu:
1. Click on Undo
OR
Tools toolbar:
1. Click on the icon
2. Click on the last operation to undo
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3.3.5. About selection of graphic entities
Overview of
selection modesSelection of entities can be done with the following selection modes:
graphic selection (with the mouse)
- in the data tree for all entities- in the graphic scene for graphic entities
identifier selection (by name / by number)
advanced selection (by criterion / by choice)
Graphic
selection
process
An outline of the selection process for graphic entities is presented in the
table below. The different steps are detailed in the blocks describing the
creation of project entities.
Step Description
1 Activating of the selection filter2 Selection of the entity in the graphic scene
Selection filter A selection filter makes possible to identify the selectable entity-type.
For the graphic entities, the selection filter can be activated by the
commands from the Selection menu or from the Selection toolbar.
Selection menu/
toolbarThe choices in the Selection menu or in the Selection toolbar relate to the
graphic entities; they are presented in the figure and described in the table
below.
No
selection
Free
selection
Select
points / lines / faces / volumes
Select
face regions / volume regions
Choice DescriptionNo selection nothing selectable
Free selection
all is selectable
The first entity, selected by the user, determines the
entity-type selectable
Select points the points are selectable
Continued on next page
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
Step 1:
activating of
the selection
filter
The activating of the selection filter can be carried out:
from the Select menu (1)
using icons from the Select toolbar (2)
These two methods to activate the selection filter are presented in the
following figure and described in the table below.
1
2
Step 2:
selection in the
graphic scene
Click on the specific graphic entity to select the entity in the graphic scene.
The selected entity is highlighted.
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3.3.6. About modification and deletion of an entity
Modification /
deletion processAn outline of the modification / deletion process is presented in the table
below.
Step Description
1 Activating the command (Edit, Edit array, Delete, Force delete)
and selection of entities
2 Modification of the entity characteristics /
Validation of the entity deletion
Access the
commandsFor the commands Edit / Edit array / Delete / Force delete, which require
data selection, the access to the command, can be carried out:
from the menu
- activation of the command and then selection via a selection box (1)
from the data tree:
- activation of the command and then selection via a selection box (2)
- direct selection of an entity and then activation of the command(2)
from the graphic scene (only for graphic entities)
These methods to access the command are presented in the following figure
(with the example of editing the ANGLE geometric parameter) and described
in the table below.
1
2
Selectionvia
a selection box
2
Selectionvia
a selection box
Method Description
1 point on the entity-type and click on the command
select entities via a Selection box
2 right click on the entity-type and click on the command
select entities via a Selection box
2 double-click on the entity
or right click on the entity and click on the command
3 right click on the graphic entity* and click on the command
*The corresponding selection filter must be first activated.
Continued on next page
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
Edition mode To check the data, the user needs to edit (and modify if necessary) the entities
created.
There are two modes of edition:
the edition in a dialog box is used to check and to modify the
characteristics ofone entity
Entity-type
Name
Comment
Type (1)
Characteristics
Entity
Type (2)
On-line help
concerning the entity
the edition in a data array is used to check and to modify the
characteristics of a group of entities
Entity-type
Name
Comment
Type (1)
Characteristics
Entities:[CORE], [MAIN]
Type (2)
Structure(Database)
Informationrelating to the
group of entities
Informationrelating to theentity[CORE]
Information
relating to theentity[MAIN]
Continued on next page
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
Deletion mode The user sometimes needs to delete entities. He can easily delete an entity if it
is an independent entity. However, very often, the entity is connected to other
entities and the deletion of the entity can cause the deletion of all the
connected entities.
There are thus two modes of deletion:
the simple deletion:
is carried out on independent entities (non connected with other entities)
the in force deletion :
is carried out on any entity.
These two modes are described in the table below:
Mode Destroyable entity What is destroyed
simple independent selected entity
in force any selected entity + entities connected to it
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
3.3.7. About graphic view
Introduction When referring to the graphic representation of a device, we are interested in:
the different entities and their appearance: points and their visibility, lines
and their color, faces, surface elements, etc. the type of displayed view: side view, top view, bottom view, global view,
etc. and its position and dimensions in the graphic display zone.
How to modify
a viewThere are three methods to modify the view in the graphic scene. The
modifications can be made:
from the View menu (1)
using icons from the View toolbar (2)
using the mouse (3)
1
3
2
Using the View
menu / iconsPreflux offers modes to modify the view using commands from the View
menu oricons from the View toolbar. They are described in the table below.
Command Icon Mode Mode activation
View
direction
To rotate, translate
and resize the view
click on the command / icon
and fill out the dialog box
Zoom in - To enlarge the view click on the command
Zoom out - To reduce the view click on the commandZoom all To set total view click on the command / icon
Zoom
region
To enlarge a part of
view
click on the command / icon
and select the rectangular zone
to enlarge using the mouse
Continued on next page
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
Using the
mousePreflux offers modes to modify the view using the mouse, described in the
table below. User can determine the active mode by the different cursors.
Mode Mode activation Cursor
2D planar rotation aroundthe center of the view mouse is far from the center of theview, click on the graphic scene
with the leftbutton of the mouse
and move the mouse, keeping the
left buttonpressed
Displacement
(to translate the view)
click on the view with the right
button of the mouse and drag the
view to the new location, keeping
the rightbuttonpressed
Dimension
(to resize the view)
click on the graphic scene with the
leftbutton of the mouse and resize
the view with the scrollingwheelof your mouse
Predefined
viewsIt is possible to choose one view from predefined views available in FLUX.
The different commands to set predefined views and their corresponding
icons are presented in the table below.
View command Icon Description
Standard view Preflux 2D predefined view (default one)
View direction View defined by the user
Background
colorIt is possible to swap the background color from black to white and vise versa
by using the Reverse video command.
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
3.3.8. Change the background color
Goal To better visualize the geometry, the background color will be changed.
Action To change the background color from the View menu:
1. Click on
Reverse video
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
3.3.9. About coordinate systems
Introduction All geometric features are defined within a specific coordinate system.
Defining our own coordinate systems enables us to describe and modify the
geometry much more easily.
Types of coord.
systemsThe different types of coordinate systems for 2D domain and associated
coordinates are presented below.
Cartesian coordinate system
Coordinates (x, y)
Cylindrical coordinate system
Coordinates (r, )
y
x
p
r
p
Reference
coordinate
systems
It is possible to distinguish the following coordinate systems:
The global coordinate system is the coordinate system where all
computations are performed. It is inaccessible to the user. The global
coordinate system is a universal Cartesian coordinate system using meters
as the length unit and degrees as the angle unit.
The working coordinate systems are coordinate systems created by the
user to cover the study needs.
The working coordinate systems are defined:
- with respect to the Global coordinate system, when they refer to the
global coordinate system
- with respect to a Local coordinate system, when they refer to other
coordinate systems.
All entities are defined in the working coordinate systems (users coordinate
systems) and are evaluated in the global coordinate system for calculations.
Coordinate
system unitsThe user can define the length and angle units for a coordinate system defined
with respect to the global coordinate system (millimeter and degree bydefault).
A coordinate system defined with respect to the local coordinate system
inherits the units of the reference coordinate system (parent coordinate
system).
Continued on next page
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
Predefined
coordinate
system
To assist the user, FLUX provides a default coordinate system XY1. It is
created for every new project. It is possible to rename it, to modify it or to
delete it.
XY1 is the coordinate system ofCartesian type and defined with respect to
the global coordinate system.
Coordinate system XY1 Characteristics
Y
X
y
Origin of coordinate system:
first component: 0
second component: 0
Rotation angle:
about Z axis: 0
x
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
3.3.10. Create the coordinate systems
Goal Two coordinate systems, required to describe the geometry of the probe, are
presented in the figure below.
MAIN_CS
PROBE_CS
32 mm
Data The tables below describe the coordinate systems.
Cartesian coordinate system typedefined with respect to the Global system
Origin coord. Rotation angleName Comment Units
X Y About Z
MAIN_CSMain coordinate
system
millimeter/
degree0 0 ANGLE
Cartesian coordinate systemtypedefined with respect to the Local system
Origin coord. Rotation angleName Comment
Parent coord.
system X Y About Z
PROBE_CS Probe coordinatesystem MAIN_CS 32 0 0
Continued on next page
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
Action To create the coordinate systems from the
Data tree:
1. Double-click
on Coordinate systemOR
Geometry toolbar:
1. Click on the icon
2. Type MAIN_CS as name of
coordinate system3. Type Maincoordinate system
as associated comment
4. Select Cartesian as type ofcoordinate system
5. Select Global as definition ofcoordinate system
6. Select MILLIMETERas lengthunit
7. Select DEGREE as angle unit
8. Type 0 as first coordinate9. Type 0 as second coordinate
10. Type ANGLE as rotation angle
about Z axis
11. Click on OK
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
12. Type PROBE_CS as name of
coordinate system13. Type Probecoordinate system
as comment14. Select Cartesian as type
15. Select Local as definition ofcoordinate system
16. Select MAIN_CS as parentcoordinate system
17. Type 32 as first coordinate18. Type 0 as second coordinate
19. Type 0 as rotation angle about Zaxis
20. Click on OK
21. Click on Cancel to quit the sequence
Result The two new coordinate systems are
listed in the data tree: displayed in the graphic scene*:
PROBE_CSMAIN_CS
* use the Zoom all command or (see About graphic view).
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3.4. Creation of points and lines for the probe base
Introduction The next step of the geometry description is the creation of points and lines to
build the probe.
The next figure describes the geometry of the probe.
MAG_H
COIL_HMAG_R
COIL_IR
COIL_OR
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
About points 54
Create points for the probe base 55
About display of entities in the graphic scene 57
Display point numbers 58About lines 59
Create lines for the probe base 60
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
3.4.1. About points
Points A point can be created
as a set of coordinates in a specified coordinate system
as an image of an existing point through a geometric transformation within the propagation or extrusion from other entities
Point
coordinatesA point could be defined by its coordinates in a coordinate system (see
About coordinate systems).
Point defined
by propagationA point could be defined by propagation from another point using a
transformation.
translation
origin point
created point
Point number The number to identify the point is automatically allocated by FLUX during
the point creation.
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
3.4.2. Create points for the probe base
Goal Eight points are required to build the probe base, as presented in the figure
below.
Point 1MAG_H
COIL_H
Point 2 Point 3
Point 4
PROBE_CS
Point 5
Point 6 Point 7Point 8
MAG_R
COIL_IR
COIL_OR
Data The table below describes the points for the probe base.
Points defined by its parametric coordinates
CoordinatesNo Coordinate system
X Y
1 -MAG_H/2 0
2 -MAG_H/2 MAG_R
3 MAG_H/2 MAG_R
4 MAG_H/2 0
5 -COIL_H/2 COIL_IR
6 -COIL_H/2 COIL_OR
7 COIL_H/2 COIL_OR8
PROBE_CS
COIL_H/2 COIL_IR
Continued on next page
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
Action To create the points from the
Data tree:
1. Double-click on Point
OR
Geometry toolbar:
1. Click on the icon
2. In the Geometric Definition tabselect Point defined by itsparametric coordinates as typeof point
3. Select PROBE_CS as
coordinate system4. Type -MAG_H/2 as first
coordinate5. Type 0 as second coordinate
6. Click on OK
7. Repeat steps 4 to 7 in the new dialog,
entering data for the remainingentities
(see the table on the previous page)
8. Click on Cancel to quit the sequence
Result The points are
listed in the data tree: displayed in the graphic scene:
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
3.4.3. About display of entities in the graphic scene
Introduction The graphic representation of objects is not the same during the different
steps of building the device model.
From one step to the next, we are interested in:
representation of points and lines during geometry building
representation of nodes and surface elements during mesh generation
Possibilities to
modify the
visualization
To control the graphic representation, FLUX provides default settings, but the
user can also modify this representation.
To do so, the following commands are available:
the Display commands, which manages the list of entities to display,
the Edit command, which allows the modification of the entity appearance
(characteristics of visibility and color)
How to display
entitiesThere are two methods to display entities in the graphic scene. The
modifications can be made:
from the Display menu (1)
using icons from the Display toolbar (2)
1
2
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
3.4.4. Display point numbers
Goal The display of point numbers will be activated to see the reference point
numbers allocated by FLUX.
Action To display the point (reference) numbers from the
Display menu:
1. Click on Display
point numbers
OR
Display toolbar:
1. Click on the icon
Result The points, labeled with reference numbers, are displayed in the graphic
scene.
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
3.4.5. About lines
Lines Lines can be created:
manually (choice of line type segment orarc - and entering extremity
points)by propagation from existing lines using a transformation
by extrusion from existing points using a transformation
within the propagation or extrusion from other entities
Segments Segments are defined by starting and ending points. It does not matter if you
swap the starting and ending points.
Circle arcs Circle arcs can be defined in different ways:
eitherin a coordinate system:
The arc is included in a plane parallel to the XOY plane. It is counter-
clockwise oriented around an axis parallel to the OZ axis.
starting point
ending point
centerpoint
radius
angle
orby three points:
The arc is drawn around a triangle defined by three points. It is oriented in
the direction imposed by three points.
ending point
starting point
middle point
Number The number to identify the line is automatically allocated by FLUX duringthe line creation.
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
3.4.6. Create lines for the probe base
Goal Eight straight segments are required to connect each point and create closed
outlines of the magnet and coil bases.
The order to create the lines is presented in the figure below.
Line 1 Line 3
Line 4
Line 6Line 7
Line 8
MAGNET base
COIL base
Line 2
Line 5
Data The table below describes the lines for the probe base.
Segment defined by starting and ending points
No Starting point Ending point
1 1 2
2 2 3
3 3 4
4 4 1
5 5 6
6 6 77 7 8
8 8 5
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
Action To create the lines from the
Data tree:
1. Double-click on Line
OR
Geometry toolbar:
1. Click on the icon
2. In the Geometric Definition tabselect Segment defined by startingand ending points as type of the line
3. Click on Point1 in the graphic scene
=> its reference number enters as
starting point4. Click on Point2 in the graphic scene
=> its reference number enters as
ending point
5. Repeat steps 3 to 4 in the new
reduced dialog, entering data for theremaining entities
(see the table on the previous page)
6. Click on Cancel to quit the sequence
Result The lines are
listed in the data tree: displayed in the graphic scene:
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
3.5. Building faces for the probe
Introduction The next step of the geometry description is building faces for the probe.
The probe geometry is presented in the figure below.
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
About automatic construction 64
Build faces of the probe base 65
About transformations 66
Create the geometric transformation 68
About propagation and extrusion 70
About selection by criterion 71
Propagate faces 72
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Part B: Description of the probe FLUX9.20Geometry description of the probe object
3.5.1. About automatic construction
Introduction The faces are automatically created and identified using the algorithms of
automatic construction.
Principle:
overviewThe principle of automatic face construction:
First, FLUX computes all the existing surfaces and determines which
surfaces the points and the lines belong to. (A surface contains faces but it
is not limited. A surface is defined by three points linked by two lines.)
Next, the automatic face construction is carried out by a method of
identification of closed contours.
About faces The faces created by FLUX using the automatic construction algorithms are
faces contained by planar, cylindrical or conical surfaces. These faces arenamed automatic faces.
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
3.5.2. Build faces of the probe base
Goal The faces will be automatically built by Preflux.
Action To build faces from the
Geometry menu:
1. Point on Build and click on Build faces
OR
Geometry toolbar:
1. Click on the icon
Result The faces are
listed in the data tree: displayed in the graphic scene:
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3.5.3. About transformations
Principle of use Transformations are geometric functions that create new objects from existing
objects.
Various
functionsThe various available functions are:
translation
rotation
affinity
helix
composed
Note: Only the transformation functions used in this tutorial are described here. Refer to theUsers guide for more information about transformations.
Rotation A rotation is defined by a rotation axis and an angle.
The figure below describes the creation of a new point using the rotation
transformation defined by an angle and a pivot point (its coordinates or
reference number)
rotationangle
originalpoint
y
rotation axis is defined by:
- a working coordinate system
- and a pivot point
rotationangle is defined about Z
axis
createdpoint
pivotpoint
x
Note: The positive value of an angle corresponds to a counter-clockwise rotation
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3.5.4. Create the geometric transformation
Goal An affine transformation with respect to a line defined by 2 points is
required to build the probe geometry.
The points, defined the symmetry line of the transformation, are shown in the
following figure:
Point 4Point 1
Symmetry line
Data The characteristics of the transformation are shown in the following table:
Affine transformation with respect to a line defined by 2 points
Name Comment 1st
point 2nd
point Scaling factor
MIRRORSymmetry transformation
for the probe1 4 -1
Continued on next page
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
Action To create the transformation from the
Data tree:
1. Double-click
on Transformation
OR
Geometry toolbar:
1. Click on the icon
2. Type MIRRORas name
3. Type Symmetry transformationfor the probe as comment
4. Select Affine transformationwith
respect toa linedefined by2points as type
5. Type 1 as first point of straight line6. Type 4 as second point of straight
line
7. Type -1 as scaling factor
8. Click on OK
9. Click on Cancel to quit thesequence
Result The transformation is listed in the data tree:
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3.5.5. About propagation and extrusion
Definition The constructionby propagation / extrusion is a buildingmethod that
constructs new geometric entities, based on existing entities, by using a
geometric transformation like translation, rotation, etc.
We deal with:
propagation, when the image object, generated by transformation, is not
connected by lines to the source object
extrusion, when the image object, generated by transformation, is
connected by lines to the source object
Examples In the figures below, the line is built by propagation / extrusion of the existing
line (source) using a translation vector.
Construction by propagation:
translation
source line
image line
Construction by extrusion:
translation
source line
connectionelements
image line
Building
optionsSome building options are provided in order to simplify the users work and
to carry out a certain number of repetitive tasks semi-automatically.
The building options for construction by propagation, classified in three
categories, are presented in the table below.
The options allow
for geometric
building to define the geometric entities (points, lines, faces)
created during the propagation
for mesh
preparation
to create the linked mesh generator associated to the
transformation
to assign the linked mesh generator to the entities
created by transformation
for preparation
of regions
to create surface regions
to assign the created regions to the geometric entities
created by transformationThe building options for construction by extrusion, classified in two
categories, are presented in the table below.
The options allow
for geometric
building
to define the form of connection elements
to define the geometric entities (points, lines, faces)
created during the extrusion
for mesh
preparation
to create the extrusion mesh generator associated to the
transformation
to assign the extrusion mesh generator to the entities
created by transformation
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
3.5.6. About selection by criterion
Definition / use One speaks about selection by criterion when the selection is carried out by
the intermediary of the existing relations between the various entities (points
belonging to a line, ...) or characteristics, common to several entities (faceswith the same color, faces on the same surface, ...).
Operation
modeThe selection by criterion is available on the level of selection boxes and is
carried out in two stages as presented in the table below.
Stage Description
1 From a selection box:
opening the criteria list (with the button )
and selection of a criterion
2 From a specific (with logical operators) selection box:
selection of entities (graphic selection, by identifier or criterion)
with applying selection operators to the group of entities
Selection
criteriaThe selection criteria are presented in the tables below.
General criteria
The option allows
Select all selection of all entities
Clean selection deselection of all the entities previously selected
Select last instance selection of the last selected entity
Selection by
coordinatesselection of the nearest entity to the entered coordinates
Specific criteria (implying the use of the operators)
The selection by allows the selection of all the entities
line / face / volume belonging to a line / face / volume
surface belonging to a surface (defined by a face)
linear / face / volume region belonging to a linear / face / volume region
mechanical set belonging to a mechanical set
color defined by a colorvisibility defined by a visibility (visible or invisible)
nature defined by a nature (standard, in air, no exist)
discretization defined by a discretization (point or line)
Selection
operatorsTo manage the logical operations on the groups of the selected entities, the
user disposes the selection operators introduced in the table below.
Operator Function
Exclude to remove entities from the list
Union to add entities in the listIntersect to carry out the intersection of two groups of selection
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3.5.7. Propagate faces
Goal The MIRRORtransformation will be applied once to propagate two faces, as
shown in the following figure.
Face 1
Face 2
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeGeometry description of the probe object
Action To propagate the face from the
Geometry menu:
1. Point on Propagate
and click on Propagate faces
OR
Geometry toolbar:
1. Click on the icon
2. Click on
3. Click on Select all
=> face reference numbers enter
4. Select MIRRORas transformation5. Type 1 as number of times to apply the
transformation6. Select Add Faces and associated Linked
Mesh Generator* as building options for
extrusion
7. Click on OK
8. Click on Cancel to quit the sequence
* Refer to section About meshing tools on Linked Mesh Generator
Result The faces are
listed in the data tree: displayed in the graphic scene:
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeMesh generation of the probe object
4. Mesh generation of the probe object
Introduction This chapter presents the general steps of mesh generation of the computation
domain and the data required to describe the probe meshing.
The meshed probe is presented in the figure below.
MAGNET
COIL
Contents This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
Strategy and tools for mesh generation of the probe 77
Creation and assignment of mesh points 81
Meshing the probe 91
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeMesh generation of the probe object
4.1. Strategy and tools for mesh generation of the probe
Introduction This section shows:
the meshing tools available in FLUX
the analysis carried out for generation of the probe mesh and the selectedstrategy
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
Available meshing tools and analysis before mesh generation 78
Main phases for mesh generation of the probe 79
Reading advice This section presents an outline of the mesh generating process of the probe.
Details on the different contents - definition of new concepts, explanation on
the use of different tools, etc.- are given in the following sections.
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4.1.1. Available meshing tools and analysis before mesh generation
Available tools The tools available for mesh generation are: mesh points, mesh lines and
mesh generators.
The mesh point allows mesh adjustment via the points(thenode density around selected points)
The mesh line allows mesh adjustment via the lines
(the number and the distribution of nodes on the lines)
The mesh generators are used to perform the subdivision into finite
elements via faces or volumes
Device analysis
and choice of
meshing tools
An analysis of the device is necessary to determine the strategy of meshing,
and the choice of mesh tools.
The analysis of the device and the mesh tools chosen within the framework ofthis tutorial are summarized in the table below.
The operations it is planned
to control the node density around
pointsto create 2 mesh points: MAG_MPand
COIL_MP
to easily mesh linked faces (built
by propagation)to use linked mesh generator*
MeshGeneratorLinked_MIRROR
* This linked mesh generator was created and affected automatically by FLUX in the phaseof face building (building option for propagation: Add Faces and associated Linked meshgenerator).
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeMesh generation of the probe object
4.1.2. Main phases for mesh generation of the probe
Outline An outline of the meshgenerating process is presented in the table below.
Stage Description
1 Creation of 2 mesh pointsMagnet mesh point: MAG_MP = 0.8 mm
Coil mesh point: COIL_MP = 1 mm
2Assignment of 2 mesh
points to points
MAG_MP
COIL_MP
3
Meshing:
meshing lines
meshing faces
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FLUX9.20 Part B: Description of the probeMesh generation of the probe object
4.2. Creation and assignment of mesh points
Introduction The first step of mesh generation is the creation of mesh points and their
assignment to the geometric points belonging to the faces, as shown in the
figure below.
MAG_MP
COIL_MP
Contents This section contains the following topics:
Topic See Page
Change to the mesh context 82
About the mesh context 83
About meshing tools 84
Create the mesh points 86
Assign the mesh points to points 88
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4.2.1. Change to the mesh context
Goal The Geometry context of Preflux will be changed to the Mesh context.
Action To activate the Mesh context (display the Mesh toolbars) from the Context
toolbar:
1. Click on the icon
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4.2.2. About the mesh context
Tools of the
mesh contextAfter having activated the Mesh context, toolbars dedicated to the mesh
description appear in the Preflux window.
The different toolbars and their principal roles are briefly described below.
1 23 4
5
Mesh context toolbars Function
1 to create mesh entities
2 to assign mesh entities to geometric entities
3 to mesh lines, faces;
to delete the mesh
4 to check the mesh
5 to display mesh points, mesh lines, nodes,
surface elements
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4.2.3. About meshing tools
Mesh To mesh the device is to subdivide the computation domain into finite
elements:
nodes line elements
face elements
volume elements
Meshing tools The meshing tools accessible in the Mesh context are the following:
Tool Function
Mesh point to control the size of mesh elements through
the geometric points
Mesh line to control the size of mesh elements throughthe geometric lines
Mesh generator
(or algorithms for meshing)
to perform the subdivision into finite elements
on faces or volumes
Mesh point The Mesh point distributes nodes on the lines based on weights assigned to
points.
The node spacing on a line between two end points with different mesh points
is determined by interpolation, taking into consideratio