F214 Revision: Excretion

1. Describe the structure of the liver2. Describe the formation of urea including the ornithine

cycle3. Describe the structure of the kidney including the blood

vessels4. Explain the production of urine and water control in the

body including osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

5. Outline renal dialysis6. Describe how urine samples can test for illegal drugs and

pregnancy

F214 Revision: Respiration1. Describe and draw ATP2. Explain why ATP is a suitable molecule for energy currency3. Outline the process of glycolysis, the link reaction and the krebs cycle

including where they take place4. Explain the importance of coenzymes e.g. NAD and coenzyme A5. Explain the terms decarboxylation, substrate level phosphorylation,

dehydrogenation, reduction and oxidation (in terms of NAD)6. Outline the experimental evidence for chemiosmosis7. Outline anaerobic respiration in mammals and yeast8. Explain why anaerobic respiration results in a lower energy yield than

aerobic respiration9. Define respiratory substrate and explain the difference in energy values

for protein, carbohydrate and fat