f/1 11

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THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

RESEARCH SCHOOL OF PACIFIC STUDIES

DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

ANNUAL REPORT 1971

Professor

Professorial Fellows

Senior Fellows

Honorary Fellow

Senior Research Fellows

Research Fellows

Visiting Fellows

Staff

H.W. Arndt, M.A., B~Litt,(Oxon.)

D.M. Bensusan-Butt, M. A.(Cantab&) Audrey G~ Donnithorne~ M.A.(Oxon.) E.K. Fisk, M.A.(Oxon.J R.M. Sundrum, B.A., B.L.(Rangoon)j

Ph . D.(Lond.)

T ~ Scarlett Epstein. B.A. 1 Ph.D. (Mane~)

P. J . Lloyd, M.A. (Well . ) , Ph#D. (Duke)

D.H. Penny, M.Ec.(Adel.), M.A. (Stan.), Ph.D&(Corn.)

R.T. Shand, M.Sc~Agre(Syd")' PhoD.(Iowa)

Sir Leslie Melville, K.B.E., B.Ec. (Sydo)

C. Barlow, M.B.E., B.Sc . (Lond.), M.S.(Corn.), Ph.D.(Aberd.)

T.H. Silcock, M.A., D.Philo(Oxon.)

B.A. Lockwood, B.Com~, Dip.Ed. (Melb.), M~Sc .( Hawaii), Ph.D. (until June)

P. Luey, B.A. (H.K. ), Ph.D.(Edin.) Hazel V. Richter, M.A.(Manc.) M.L. Treadgold, B.Ec.(W.A.),

B. Philo(Oxon.), Ph . De

Vo Arkhipov, Dr.(Moscow) (February to May)

B. Fritsch, Dr.rer . pol.(Basle) (July to October)

B. Glassburner, M. S.(Iowa), Ph~D. (Calif.) (June to July)

Mubyarto~ M. A.(Vanderbilt), Ph.D. (Iowa) (from February)

M.L. Parker, M.Sc.(Agrico), Ph.D. (W.A.) (from August)

Research Officers

Research Assistants

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Ruth Daroesman, B.A. (Calif. & Malaya) A.B. Ikonnikov W.F.M. Straatmans, Dip.Trop.Agric.

(Deventer)

Rosemary Barnard, B. A., Ph.D. (until March)

Boediono, B.Ec. Flora Chen~ B. A. (from March) Audrey Cornish, B.A. (part-time) Margaret Easton C. G. Manning ) B.A. (from August) Kate Miller , B.A. (until February) Gloria Robbins, B.Sc. (part-time)

(from February) Maree Tait , B.Ec.

Dr B.A. Lockwood resigned to take up a Senior Lectureship at the University of the South Pacific, Suva. The only other staff change during the year was the transfer of Mr A.B. Ikonnikov, as Research Officer, from the Department of Economics, Research School of Social Sciences, following the resignation of Professor A.W. Phillips from that Department.

Visitors

Among longer-term visitors to the Department during the year were Dr Mubyarto ~ Lecturer in Economics and Director of the Institute of Economic Research at Gadjah Mada University, Jogjakarta, who was appointed to a one-year Visiting Fellow­ship in the Department ~ financed under the Ford Foundation (Indonesia Project) grant , primarily to enable him to write a textbook of agricultural economlcs for Indonesian universities; Dr V. Arkhipov, an Indonesia specialist at the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies, who held a Visiting Fellowship in the Department for three months under the ANU-Soviet Academy of Sciences exchange scheme; Professor Bruce Glassburner, of the University of California, Davis~ also a specialist on Indonesia, who spent two months in the Department as a Visiting Fellow; Professor Bruno Fritsch, of the Center for Economic Research, Zurich, a specialist on international trade and development, who held a Visiting Fellowship for three months; and Dr M.L. Parker, formerly Assistant Economic Adviser to the Administration in Port Moresby, who began a two-year Visiting Fellowship under a grant by the Reserve Banke

The Department also had the benefit of numerous short­term visitors, especially from Asian countries, including several distinguished agricultural economists who attended the seminar on "The Impact of New Techniques in Agriculture". Among other overseas visitors who called on the Department or gave seminars were Professor Sukad ji, Faculty of Economics, Gadjah Mada University, Professor A.A. Walters of the London

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School of Economics, Professor G. Kahin of Cornell University and Dr W.M. Corden, now at Nuffield College, Oxford.

Research Program

India for once played a prominent role in the work of the Department this year. As part of the proceedings of the 28th International Congress of Orientalists held at Canberra in January, Dr R.T. Shand organised a week-long seminar on "The Impact of New Techniques in Agriculture" which drew extensively on Ind~an experience» and in particular on the results of the study of the high-yielding varieties program in India which has been undertaken jointly by the Department and the Indian Planning Commission (with financial assistance by the World Bank)& Part I of the report on this study was published as a departmental monograph& Dr R.M. Sundrum spent some months in India studying planning procedures at the federal and state level.

There has also been an expansion of work on the economy of China which now engages four members of staff and one Ph.D. scholar under the general direction of Miss Audrey Donnithorne who also acts as Executive Officer of the University 9 s newly formed Contemporary China Centre.

The largest concentration of research effort, however, continues to be on Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies completed its seventh year of publication with a worldwide circulation of over 2,000 copies per issue. The Indonesia Project has further developed its co-operation with facult~es of economics of Indonesian universities, mainly through the encouragement of regional economic research and surveys but also through exchanges of staff. While Dr Mubyarto of Gadjah Mada University, Jogjakarta, spent the year as Visiting Fellow in the Department» two members of the Department under­took short-term assignments to help out in teaching in his postgraduate program at Gadjah Mada, and one of the Depart­ment's research scholars is shortly leaving, upon completion of his Ph.D. thesis» to teach for two years at Jogjakarta under the Australian-Asian Universities Co-operation Scheme.

A major interest in relation to Papua New Guinea continues to be the development of lndigenous agr~culture. Dr Shand 1 s study of indigenous cash cropping which has engaged him for some years was completed dur~ng the year, Dr Scarlett Epstein has continued her work on indlgenous marketing» and Mr E.K. Fisk has published another theoretical study of subsistence agriculture. A major new concern has been the impact on the New Guinea economy of the Bougainville copper proJect wh~ch has been the focal polnt of a series of one-day seminars and of a departmental monograph containing two papers by Dr R.T. Shand and Dr M.L. Treadgold~ Dr M.L. Parker has joined the Department as a Visitlng Fellow to

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compile an input-output table for Papua New Guinea to assess the longer-term implications of development proposals embodied in the Administration's economic development program.

Other countries of the region on which research is going on are Malaysia, Fiji, Thailand and Burma. Towards the end of the year, Mrs Hazel Richter was at last granted a visa to spend five weeks on field work in Burma in connection with her study of socialism and economic development in that country. Dr c. Barlow's work on the rubber industry took him to Ceylon as consultant to the Rubber Research Institute.

Finally, mention should be made of the continuing interest of various members of the Department in trade theory and empirical studies of trade relations between the countries of the region and Australian trade with these countries~ Dr P.J. Lloyd continued his joint work with Professor H.G. Grubel on intra-industry trade, prepared the Australian contribution to a comparative survey of non-tariff barriers to trade» and published studies of the Australian scheme for tariff preferences to less developed countries and the Australia-New Zealand free trade area agreement. Other examples are Dr Po Luey 1 s studies of discrepancies in trade statistics of trading partners and of Australian imports of manufactures from Asian developing countries~

The Department again gratefully acknowledges the Ford Foundation grant which is continuing lo provide valuable financial help to the Indonesia Project and two research grants by the Reserve Bank of Australiae

Students

Five students of the Department were admitted to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy during the year. Another submitted his thesis towards the end of the year. Four new scholars joined the Department. One of these resigned his scholarship to transfer to the M.Ec~ course in 1972. Another student who was awarded a scholarship during the year will take it up early in 1972o

Several members of the Department again participated in teaching in the University ~ s new MoEc. course work program. Dr Barlow spent much time during the year in preparation for the new course for the degree of Master of Agricultural Development Economics which, with financial assistance by the Commonwealth Government, will be given for the first time in 1972o

Other Activities

The seminar on HThe Impact of New Techniques i n Agriculture" and the series of one-day seminars on aspects of economic development in Papua New Guinea were mentioned

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above. Various members of the Department also took part in a conference on "Indonesia ~ Trading Partner" organised by the University 0 s Centre for Continuing Education; in the Economic Society~s Second Conference of Economists held in Sydney in August; in a Waigani Seminar; in the Brisbane ANZAAS Congress; and in a Conference on Manpower Problems of East and Southeast Asia at Singapore in May and a symposium on Statistcal Problems of Population Research held at Honolulu in August ..

As usual, members of the Department were invited to lecture at other Australian universities, in the Foreign Affairs Training Course, at the RAAF Staff College and other such institutions in Australia. Two members of the Department, as has been mentioned, spent short periods as Visiting Lecturers in the Faculty of Economics, Gadjah Mada University, Jogjakarta. Numerous lectures and seminars were given by staff members during field work or visits overseas, especially in Southeast Asia.

Mr Fisk spent three months in Port Moresby in charge of the New Guinea Research Unit and a further three months as Visiting Professor and Acting Head of the Department of Economics, University of the South Pacific, Suvae Mr Butt spent part of the year on study leave in England. Dr Epstein returned in October from a year of study leave spent in India, the United States, the United Kingdom and Israel. Professor Silcock returned in December from leave with the World Bank in Washington. Professor Arndt visited Bangkok twice to attend meetings of the Governing Council of the United Nations Asian Institute as Australian representative~ Dr Shand participated as a consultant in a feasibility study of the livestock industry in Iran. Dr Treadgold worked as a consultant in Papua New Guineao

Acknowledgments

Members of the Department wish to acknowledge with thanks the help given to them during the year by Mrs Harding and all members of the secretarial staff of the Department, by Messrs Hutchens and Grimshaw and other members of the University administration, and by the staff of the Menzies Library.

Publications

ARNDT ~ H. W.

"Banking in Hyperinflation and Stabilization 11 , in Bruce Glassburner (ed.), The Economy of Indonesia: Selected Readings, Cornell University Press, 1971, pp.359-956

"Indonesia- Five Years of 1 New Order gH, Current Affairs Bulletin, Vol~47, No.5, January 25, 1971, pp&67-78s

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"A Pacific Currency Area : Comment", Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Vol.11, No.2, February 1971, pp.67-72.

"Survey of Recent Developments", Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Vol. VII, No.1, March 1971, pp.l-31; Vol.VII, No.2, July 1971, pp.l-18.

"The Future of New Guinea's Monetary System", Economic Record, Vol.47) No.117, March 1971, pp.38-46.

"Economic Co-operation in the Pacific 11 , Quadrant, Vol. XV, No.2, March-April 1971, pp.47-54.

BARLOW, C.

"Prospects for Natural Rubber", Economic Record, Vol.46, No.116, December 1970, pp.482-96.

CROWNING, Ann0, EPSTEIN, A.L.i & T.S., and others

"Under the Volcano", in A.L. Epstein, R.S. Parker and Marie Reay (eds.), The Politics of Dependence : Papua New Guinea 1968, Australian National University Press, 19?1, pp.48-90. .

CORDEN, W, M, *

The Theory of Protection, Clarendon l>ress, Oxford, 1971, pp.xili + 263.

¥1 CRAWFORD, J. G.

"Agriculture in Development . The Australian Case and Some Contrasts with Developing Countr2es 11 , National Bank of Egypt Fiftieth Anniversary Commemoration Lectures, Cairo, 1971, pp.48 +tables .

DAROESMAN, Ruth

"Finance of Educatlon, Part I", Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Vol.VII, No .3, November 1971, pp.61-95.

0 Based on work done while a member of the Department of Anthropology.

i Member of the Department of AnthropologyD

* Former member. Based on work done while a member of the Department.

¥1 Vice-Chancellor. Former member of the Department.

34/1972

EPSTEIN, Scarlett

"Economics and Politics in Papua and New Guinea : Separatism and the Mataungan Movement", in Marion W. Ward (ed . ), The Politics of Melanesia, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, and University of Papua and New Guinea, 1970, pp.64-82.

A Comparative Analysis of Economic Development and Social Change in South India and New Guinea Villages Unjversity of Mysore, 1971, pp . 28 .

"Cocoa Cash Cropping: A Reply", Economic Record, Vol.47, No.117, March 1971, pp . 135-7 .

FISK, E. K,

"Labour Absorption Capacity of Subsistence Agriculture", Economic Record, Vol.47, No.119, September 1971, pp.366-78.

GRUBEL, H,G , *** & LLOYD, P,J .

"Factor Substitution and Effective Tariff Rates", Review of Economic Studies, Vol.XXXVIII (1), January 1971, pp.95-103.

IKEMA, M.

"Yunyu hiritsu to kuni no okisa" ["Import Dependence and Country Size 11 ], Shogakku Tokyu, Otaru Shoka Daigakku, Vol.22, No.1, July 1971, pp.1-2o.

KERR , A,+ & TREADGOLD, M,

Lae : 1966-1990, Grow +

KOLFF , J.

"The Distri bution of Ferti l i ser", Bulleti n of Indonesian Economic Studi es , Vol . VII, No.1, March 1971, pp . 56-77.

** *Based on work done while a Vi s i t i ng Research Wor ker .

+ Not a member of thi s Universi ty .

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LLOYD, P.J.

New Zealand Manufacturing Production and Trade with Australia, N.Z. Institute of Economic Research, Research Paper Noo17, 1971, pp.137.

"Australia's Economic Assistance to South-East Asia", The Round Table, No.241, January 1971, pp.83-92.

"The Value of Tariff Preferences for the Developing Countries: Australian Experience", Economic Record, Vol.47, No.117, March 1971, pp.l-16 .

LOCKWOOD> B. & MOULIK~ T.K.+

"Seeds of Development in a Delhi Village", Economic and Political Weekly, Bombay, Vol.VI, No.13, March 27, 1971, pp.11-18.

LOCKWOOD, B., MUKHERJEE, P.K.+ & SHAND, R.T.

The High Yielding Varieties Programme in India, Part I, Planning Commission, Government of India, and Department of EconomicsP Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1971, pp.212.

LUEY, P.

"On Discrepancies in Trade Statistics of Trading Partners", and "A Note ::tn Reply to Naya, Morgan and Colosi 11 ) Malayan Economic Review, Vol.XVI , No.1, April 1971, pp.13-23 and 29-32 .

"China's National Income : A Survey of Estimates", Review of Income and Wealth , Series 17

3 No.2~ June 1971,

pp , 207 ·-26 ..

110n Naya and Morgan's Criterlon of Accuracy in Trade Recording" j Journal of the American Statistical Association , Vo1,66 , No . 336, December 1971.

McCAWLEY, P.

"A Case Study of Wages - The Electricity Industry in the Sixties 11

1 Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Vol. VII , No.3, November 1971 , pp.96-123.

+ Not a member of this University ~

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MANNING, C.

11The Timber Boom with Special Reference to East Kalimantan" , Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Vol.VII, No.3, November 1971, pp.30-60.

MUBYARTO+

"Estimating Rice Consumption: A Comment", Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Vol.VII, No.3, November 1971, pp.139-43.

PENNY, D. H.

"The Agro-Economic Survey of Indonesia: An Appreciation", Indonesia, No.ll, April 1971, pp.111-30.

RICHTER, H.V.

"Exports: Statistical Problems and Country Patternsn, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Vol.VII, No.3, November 1971, pp.124-38.

SHAND, R.T.

"Government Influence on Primary Industries: The Papua and New Guinea Case", in G,J,R. Linge and P,J. Rimmer (eds.), Government Influence and the Location of Economic Activity, Publication HG/5, Department of Human Geography, Research School of Pacific Studies. Australian National University, 1971, pp.175-90. ·

SILCOCK, T.H.

"What Should We Think and Do about Aid?", Economic Record , Volo46, No.116, December 1970, PPo533-52.

+ Visiting Research Worker.

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SUNDRUM , R,M,

"Manpower and Educational Development in East and South­east Asia", Malayan Economic Review, Vol . XVI, No.2, October 1971 .

TREADGOLD, M.L.

"The Revised Philippine National Accounts", Phili~pine Economic Journal, Vol . IX No.2 , Second Semester 1 70, pp. 157-81 ..

"Inflation, Real Wages, and the Rate of Saving in the Philippines", The Develoging Economies, Vol.VIII, No.3 , September 1970, pp.28d-9 .

11Bougainville Copper and the Economic Development of Papua- Jfew Guinea", Economic Record, Vol.47, No.118, June 1971, pp.186-202.

"Projections of Economic Activity in Papua New Guinea (with special reference to the Bougainville Copper Project)", in The Economy of Papua New Guinea: Projections and Policy Issues, Department of Economics~ Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1971, pp.l-53.