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FUTURE FOOD: LIMITS TO OPTIMAL
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
Mark L Wahlqvist AO
MD (Adelaide & Uppsala), FRACP, FAFPHM, FAIFST, FTSE
Wahlqvist ML. APJCN 2009;18:480-5.
FOOD SECURITY IS DEPENDENT ON ITS SAFETY, SUFFICIENCY, SATISFACTORINESS (HOW NUTRITIOUS AND ACCEPTABLE) AND SUSTAINABILITY
Liao IC et al. APJCN 2009;18:564-9.
INCREASE IN THE NUMBERS OF HUNGRY POPULATIONS AROUND THE WORLD FROM 2008 TO 2009
Krawinkel MB. APJCN 2009;18:570-6.
INFANT MORTALITY RATES PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS IN SELECTED AFRICAN AND ASIAN COUNTRIES (MOST RECENT DATA. WHOSIS 2009)
1. Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality & empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/ AIDS, malaria & other disease
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development
MDGs eight goals
Water and its role in food and health security-the importance of water to food production
Asa K Wahlquist
New water-related health problems:source and way we drink
Gender-behavioural changes in children whose mothers have been exposed to unsafe water during pregnancy,
Babies who have been fed from plastic bottles leaching endocrine disruptors
People with insulin resistance who have been exposed to agricultural chemicals.
The source of our drinking water
More and more it will not be just the water, but the way in which it is captured, desalinated, recycled, reticulated, stored, packed and sold that will be of concern
Already the citizens of an Australian town (Bundanoon) have refused to provide its pristine water source to plastic bottlers and banned the plastic bottles from the town
The future means nutrient, including water science, will need to embrace its own societal and environmental science
DIET AND CLIMATE CHANGEENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT
INPUTS FOR NONVEGETARIAN VS. VEGETARIAN DIETS
Marlow HJ et al., AJCN 2009;89:1S-5S
Animal Staples
Share of Expend After Price Rise
Rural Bangladesh
Non-Food
Staples
Non-Food
Share of ExpendBefore Price Rise
Rising Food Prices-will this continue? Less arable land & sustainable food-producing
ecosystems Conversion from food to biofuels Energy peak Water peak Fertiliser (phosphorus) peak Precarious food systems
farmers, transport, packaging, storage, food habits, food waste
FUTURE FOOD
Likely Increasing shortage, decreasing variety
(especially fish, F&Vs ),less affordability, growing food inequity
Possible Bioengineered crops to withstand climate
change, and increase nutritional quality of staples
Required Sound & relevant socio-political governance,
Infrastructure, Biodiversity for food variety, Knowledge-driven food & water systems for adequacy &sustainability,
Food Diversity Why is it important?
Sustainability
Food quality
Provides alternatives
Homo Sapiens is omnivorous with plant food orientation
More likely to be micronutrient adequate
Favourably predicts health outcomes
DDS
t_follow_t8.006.004.002.000.00
Cum
Sur
viva
l
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
4-censored3-censored2-censored1-censored4321
dds4g
Survival Functions
Year of follow up
3
4
5
6
Impact of food culture on dietary diversity-Melbourne, Australia
Wahlqvist ML. APJCN 2003;12(3):304-8
Weinberger KM et al. APJCN 2009;18:507-15.
FOOD SECURITY AND ASIA AND THE PACIFIC, AND FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION
Liao IC et al. APJCN 2009;18:564-9.
PERCENTAGE AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION IN ASIA AND OTHER REGIONS IN 2007
Lin AYC et al. APJCN 2009;18:538-45.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COMPOSITION: TAIWAN EPA AND LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION BUREAUS (2008)
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
Increasingly borderless International protocols (UN) Domestic health systems (Universal insurance, equity)
Wahlqvist ML et al. APJCN 2009;18:688-702.
THE CONNECTEDNESS OF PLANETARY AND HUMAN SECURITY: RELATED AND CONTEXUAL TYPES
Wahlqvist ML & Kuo KN. APJCN 2009;18:472-9.
THE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL SETS, INFORMANTS AND INFRASTRUCTURAL EXPERTISE REQUIREMENTS FOR A FOOD IN HEALTH SECURITY NETWORK
Krawinkel MB. APJCN 2009;18:570-6.
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF NUTRITION SECURITY (MODIFIED AFTER THE UNICEF-MODEL OF IMMEDIATE AND UNDERLYING CAUSES IF CHILDHOOD MALNUTRITION)
Wahlqvist ML & Kuo KN. APJCN 2009;18:472-9.
THE PURPOSE AND DELIVERABLES OF A FOOD IN HEALTH SECURITY NETWORK